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Acorn (Quercus ithaburensis) is the fruit of the Quercus tree, with a rich chemical composition, used as a food for human consumption. Despite being rich in starch, more than half of the production of acorns (Quercus ithaburensis) is not utilised. This study aims to produce and characterise starch from acorn seeds using conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods. For this purpose, the starch production conditions of both methods were obtained from 2FI models using the desirability function approach and optimised using response surface methodology. In the classical method, the optimum extraction time, extraction temperature, and sample/solvent ratio were 3 h, 45 °C, and 1:3. In contrast, in the ultrasound-assisted method, the optimum extraction time, ultrasound frequency, and sample/solvent ratio were 30 min, 45 W and 1:2. The ultrasound-assisted method changed the functional properties of the starch. The amylose contents of starches produced by conventional and ultrasonic methods were 31.12 and 34.26, and the minimum gel formation rates were 18% and 14%, respectively. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis, 98.42% of conventional starch and 87.19% of ultrasonic starch was lost. IR-spectra also showed a similar pattern in both modifications, with the band's intensity at 1076 cm-1decreasing in the ultrasonically assisted method. Predicted glycemic index of starches ranged from 78.95 to 79.41. This study characterised acorn starch produced by different methods and demonstrated the demonstrated its potential for use in foods.

This study has three main objectives: (1) to analyze the physical and nutritional properties, bioactive component concentrations, and in vitro digestibility of Beyşehir tarhana containing different parts of oleaster; (2) to investigate the effect of incorporating oleaster on textural properties; and (3) to evaluate the influence of the different parts of oleaster on the organoleptic characteristics of Beyşehir tarhana. The control tarhana showed higher L* and b* values, while tarhana samples with various oleaster parts exhibited the highest a* value (p< .05). Incorporating oleaster components led to significant alterations in protein, ash, fat, dietary fiber, in vitro starch digestibility, total phenolic substance, antioxidant capacity, and the texture and organoleptic properties of Beyşehir tarhana compared to the control (p< .05). The production of Beyşehir tarhana containing different parts of oleaster components led to highly encouraging outcomes, presenting an exciting opportunity for its future production. Beyşehir tarhana differs from traditional tarhana as it undergoes a less extensive fermentation process. It can be consumed as is, or after frying or baking. The addition of different ingredients is crucial due to the limited fermentation and frying processes.

Deployed optical clocks will improve positioning for navigational autonomy1, provide remote time standards for geophysical monitoring2and distributed coherent sensing3, allow time synchronization of remote quantum networks4,5and provide operational redundancy for national time standards. Although laboratory optical clocks now reach fractional inaccuracies below 10−18(refs. 6,7), transportable versions of these high-performing clocks8,9have limited utility because of their size, environmental sensitivity and cost10. Here we report the development of optical clocks with the requisite combination of size, performance and environmental insensitivity for operation on mobile platforms. The 35 l clock combines a molecular iodine spectrometer, fibre frequency comb and control electronics. Three of these clocks operated continuously aboard a naval ship in the Pacific Ocean for 20 days while accruing timing errors below 300 ps per day. The clocks have comparable performance to active hydrogen masers in one-tenth the volume. Operating high-performance clocks at sea has been historically challenging and continues to be critical for navigation. This demonstration marks a significant technological advancement that heralds the arrival of future optical timekeeping networks.

This study aims to investigate the comparative performance of PPP technique in evaluating the precision of three distinct geoid models and to quantify the contribution of GLONASS constellation to GPS as well as the effect of observation length. We use recently and concurrently measured GNSS and levelling data crossing rough topography with steep geoid slope in Türkiye. The RMSE statistics about the mean of the geometric minus gravimetric geoid heights reveal that at least 4-hours of static data should be collected regardless of the constellation. We find out encouraging results with 8-hours of GPS + GLONASS solutions having RSME values of 3.0, 5.0 and 21.5 cm in validating national, globally combined and satellite-only geoid models, respectively. The multi-GNSS PPP processing with a relatively long observation period yields comparable results to relative positioning though the latter still performs slightly better.

This study examines the postulates of the Rejection Identification Model (RIM) and Rejection Disidentification Model (RDIM) in a sample of 314 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria who migrated to Turkey. We investigate the intervening roles of immigrant and citizen identifications between perceived discrimination and the outcome variables (well-being and out-group evaluations). The results indicate that perceived discrimination predicts negative affect and out-group evaluations. Besides, Turkish citizen identification significantly and positively predicts life satisfaction and satisfaction from living in Turkey, whereas immigrant identification negatively predicts satisfaction in Turkey. Citizen identification predicts positive, and immigrant identification predicts negative out-group evaluations. Immigrant identification plays a mediating role in the link between perceived discrimination and satisfaction in Turkey as well as in that between perceived discrimination and out-group attitudes. The results imply the importance of consideration of contextual factors, including historical and cultural backgrounds, and the meaning of different identities for minority groups in predicting well-being.

Background: Elastography (strain or shear-wave) is a method that estimates tissue stiffness. Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantitative and semi-quantitative ultrasound elastography methods for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4a and BI-RADS 3 lesions, which are borderline for biopsy and follow-up. Materials and Methods: 175 consecutive women with 193 ultrasound-visible breast lesions were classified on Conventional B-mode Ultrasonography (CUS) according to the BI-RADS scoring system. Quantitative and semiquantitative values from ultrasound elastography in the form of strain Elastography Ratio (SER), shear Wave Elastography (SWE) and Shear Wave Elastography Ratio (SWER) were obtained. The lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4a and BI-RADS 3 on ultrasound were subsequently re-categorized according to the elastography values. Results: Except for the 13 BI-RADS 2 lesions, the remaining 180 lesions were biopsied. Pathology showed 83 lesions to be benign and 97 to be malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of the CUS were 96.9% and 75.0%, respectively with an accuracy of 86.0%. Cut-off points calculated based on ROC curves were 56.8 kPa for SWE, 3.53 for SWER and 3.81 for SER. When we downgraded BIRADS 4a lesions based on elastography results, the specificity (CUS+SER 96.9%, CUS+SWE 91.7%, and CUS+SWER 90.6%) and the accuracy (CUS+SER 95.3%, CUS+SWE 92.7%, and CUS+SWER 92.2%) were shown to be better than CUS. When we upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions based on elastography results, the sensitivity of combined sets of SWE (99,0%) and SWER (100,0%) was better than CUS. Conclusion: The rate of false-negative biopsies can be decreased with the combined use of elastography and ultrasonography.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis, making it a prime therapeutic candidate. However, many tumor cells are either innately TRAIL-resistant, or they acquire resistance with adaptive mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated acquired TRAIL resistance models using multiple glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines to assess the molecular alterations in the TRAIL-resistant state. We selected TRAIL-resistant cells through chronic and long-term TRAIL exposure and noted that they showed persistent resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Among known TRAIL-sensitizers, proteosome inhibitor Bortezomib, but not HDAC inhibitor MS-275, was effective in overcoming resistance in all cell models. This was partly achieved through upregulating death receptors and pro-apoptotic proteins, and downregulating major anti-apoptotic members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. We showed that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated silencing of DR5 could block Bortezomib-mediated re-sensitization, demonstrating its critical role. While overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was sufficient to confer resistance to TRAIL-sensitive cells, it failed to override Bortezomib-mediated re-sensitization. With RNA sequencing in multiple paired TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant cells, we identified major alterations in inflammatory signaling, particularly in the NF-κB pathway. Inhibiting NF-κB substantially sensitized the most resistant cells to TRAIL, however, the sensitization effect was not as great as what was observed with Bortezomib. Together, our findings provide new models of acquired TRAIL resistance, which will provide essential tools to gain further insight into the heterogeneous therapy responses within GBM tumors. Additionally, these findings emphasize the critical importance of combining proteasome inhibitors and pro-apoptotic ligands to overcome acquired resistance.

Background/Objectives: In recent years, oxytocin (OXT) and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR)gene have been reported to play roles in obesity pathogenesis. However, there was no study evaluating OXTRgene variants in childhood obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of OXTRgene polymorphisms and serum OXT levels with metabolic and anthropometric parameters in obese and healthy adolescents. Subjects/Methods: The study was a multi-centered case-control study, which was conducted on obese and healthy adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years. Serum OXT and leptin levels were measured, and OXTRgene variants were studied by qPCR (rs53576) and RFLP (rs2254298) methods. Results: A total of 250 obese and 250 healthy adolescents were included in this study. In the obese group, serum OXT level was lower and leptin level was higher than the control group. In the obese group, frequencies of homozygous mutant (G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotypes for rs53576 polymorphism were higher than the control group. Homozygous mutant(G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotypes for rs53576 polymorphism were found to increase the risk of obesity compared to the wild type (A/A) genotype [OR = 6.05 and OR = 3.06; p&lt; 0.001, respectively]. In patients with homozygous mutant (G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotype for rs53576 polymorphism, serum OXT levels were lower than the wild type (A/A) genotype. In the obese group, hyperphagia score was higher than the control group and correlated negatively with serum OXT level. Conclusions: This study revealed that low serum OXT level, which is associated with hyperphagia may be an underlying cause for obesity in adolescents. For rs53576 polymorphism of the OXTRgene, obesity risk is higher in patients with homozygous mutant(G/G) and heterozygous(A/G)genotypes.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard care for prostate cancer (PCa) patients who fail surgery or radiotherapy. While initially effective, the cancer almost always recurs as a more aggressive castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Previous studies have demonstrated that chromatin modifying enzymes can play a critical role in the conversion to CRPC. However, only a handful of these potential pharmacological targets have been tested. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a focused shRNA screen of chromatin modifying enzymes previously shown to be involved in cellular differentiation. We found that altering the balance between histone methylation and demethylation impacted growth and proliferation. Of all genes tested, KDM3B, a histone H3K9 demethylase, was found to have the most antiproliferative effect. These results were phenocopied with a KDM3B CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. When tested in several PCa cell lines, the decrease in proliferation was remarkably specific to androgen-independent cells. Genetic rescue experiments showed that only the enzymatically active KDM3B could recover the phenotype. Surprisingly, despite the decreased proliferation of androgen-independent cell no alterations in the cell cycle distribution were observed following KDM3B knockdown. Whole transcriptome analyses revealed changes in the gene expression profile following loss of KDM3B, including downregulation of metabolic enzymes such as ARG2and RDH11. Metabolomic analysis of KDM3B knockout showed a decrease in several critical amino acids. Overall, our work reveals, for the first time, the specificity and the dependence of KDM3B in CRPC proliferation.

Destructive earthquakes with high deformations have occurred in the Aegean region since the historical period. The most destructive of these earthquakes in recent years is the October 30, 2020 (Mw= 6.9) Samos (Aegean Sea) earthquake. This earthquake affected a wide area and caused numerous losses of lives and property especially in Izmir city. For examining the effects of the earthquake, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data before, during, and after the earthquake were processed, and coseismic and postseismic displacement evaluations were made. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) ascending, descending interferograms, line of sight velocity, and displacement maps were obtained for the earthquake-affected area. The GNSS and InSAR data were evaluated together, and the areas with subsidence and uplift were determined in conjunction with the fault zone. In addition, the horizontal displacements were analyzed by using Coulomb failure criteria, and peak ground displacements were obtained from the strong motion stations located in the study region. As a result, from all the displacement analyses, it was determined that high-amplitude energy was released, at the regional scale from Ayvalık in the North to Datça in the South after the earthquake, and this earthquake generated permanent deformation in the affected region.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE:In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between parental personality characteristics and psychiatric symptoms with childhood obesity.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in third-level clinical care institution. Thirty obese adolescents and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Both mothers and fathers were accepted to participate in the study in the obese and control group. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to determine the personality features of the parents, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was used to evaluate their psychiatric symptoms.RESULTS:According to the TCI scores, fathers of the obese group had lower scores in self-directedness and persistence subscales than the controls’ fathers, and mothers of the obese group had higher scores in the harm avoidance subscale and lower scores in the cooperativeness subscale than mothers of the controls. In the BSI scores, mothers of the obese group had higher scores in anxiety and somatization subscales than mothers of the controls; however, there were no differences in paternal subscales between the parents of the obese and control groups.CONCLUSIONS:Parental personality profiles and psychiatric symptoms may affect parenting and family functions. Thus, they may contribute to susceptibility to childhood obesity, and may be an additional area to consider when addressing the psychological environment of adolescents with obesity.

The entry of foreign DNA into many mammalian cell types triggers the innate immune system, a complex set of responses to prevent infection by pathogens. One aspect of the response is the potent epigenetic silencing of incoming viral DNAs1, including the extrachromosomal DNAs that are formed immediately after infection by retroviruses. These unintegrated viral DNAs are very poorly transcribed in all cells, even in permissive cells, in contrast to the robust expression that is observed after viral integration2–5. The factors that are responsible for this low expression have not yet been identified. Here we performed a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen for genes that are required for silencing an integrase-deficient MLV–GFP reporter virus to explore the mechanisms responsible for repression of unintegrated viral DNAs in human cells. Our screen identified the DNA-binding protein NP220, the three proteins (MPP8, TASOR and PPHLN1) that comprise the HUSH complex—which silences proviruses in heterochromatin6and retrotransposons7,8—the histone methyltransferase SETDB1, and other host factors that are required for silencing. Further tests by chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that NP220 is the key protein that recruits the HUSH complex, SETDB1 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC4 to silence the unintegrated retroviral DNA. Knockout of NP220accelerates the replication of retroviruses. These experiments identify the molecular machinery that silences extrachromosomal retroviral DNA.

Immunosuppressive strategies applied in renal transplantation traditionally focus on T cell inhibition. B cells were mainly examined in the context of antibody‐mediated rejection, whereas the impact of antibody‐independent B cell functions has only recently entered the field of transplantation. Similar to T cells, distinct B cell subsets can enhance or inhibit immune responses. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the evolution of B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of AB0‐compatible (n = 27) and AB0‐incompatible (n = 10) renal transplant recipients. Activated B cells were transiently decreased and plasmablasts were permanently decreased in patients without signs of rejection throughout the first year. In patients with histologically confirmed renal allograft rejection, activated B cells and plasmablasts were significantly elevated on day 365. Rituximab treatment in AB0‐incompatible patients resulted in long‐lasting B cell depletion and in a naïve phenotype of repopulating B cells 1 year following transplantation. Acute allograft rejection was correlated with an increase of activated B cells and plasmablasts and with a significant reduction of regulatory B cell subsets. Our study demonstrates the remarkable effects of standard immunosuppression on circulating B cell subsets. Furthermore, the B cell compartment was significantly altered in rejecting patients. A specific targeting of deleterious B cell subsets could be of clinical benefit in renal transplantation. This prospective study describes the evolution of circulating B cell subsets following renal transplantation and a significant alteration of the B cell compartment during rejection.

Immunosuppressive strategies applied in renal transplantation traditionally focus on T cell inhibition. B cells were mainly examined in the context of antibody-mediated rejection, whereas the impact of antibody-independent B cell functions has only recently entered the field of transplantation. Similar to T cells, distinct B cell subsets can enhance or inhibit immune responses. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the evolution of B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of ABO-compatible (n = 27) and ABO-incompatible (n = 10) renal transplant recipients. Activated B cells were transiently decreased and plasmablasts were permanently decreased in patients without signs of rejection throughout the first year. In patients with histologically confirmed renal allograft rejection, activated B cells and plasmablasts were significantly elevated on day 365. Rituximab treatment in ABO-incompatible patients resulted in long-lasting B cell depletion and in a naïve phenotype of repopulating B cells 1 year following transplantation. Acute allograft rejection was correlated with an increase of activated B cells and plasmablasts and with a significant reduction of regulatory B cell subsets. Our study demonstrates the remarkable effects of standard immunosuppression on circulating B cell subsets. Furthermore, the B cell compartment was significantly altered in rejecting patients. A specific targeting of deleterious B cell subsets could be of clinical benefit in renal transplantation.

Electric-dipole transitions between nearly degenerate, opposite parity levels of atomic dysprosium (Dy) were monitored over an eight-month period to search for a variation in the fine-structure constant, α. The frequencies of these transitions are sensitive to variation of α due to large relativistic corrections of opposite sign for the opposite-parity levels. In this unique system, in contrast to atomic-clock comparisons, the difference of the electronic energies of the opposite-parity levels can be monitored directly utilizing a radio-frequency (rf), electric-dipole transition between them. Our measurements for the frequency variation of the 3.1-MHz transition in 163Dy and the 235-MHz transition in 162Dy can be analyzed for both a temporal variation and a gravitational-potential dependence of α since, during the data acquisition period, the Earth is located at different values of the gravitational potential of the Sun. The data provide a rate of fractional temporal variation of α of (-2.7±2.6)×10-15yr-1or a value of (-8.7 ±6.6) ×10-6for kα, the linear-variation coefficient for α in a changing gravitational potential. These results are independent of assumptions regarding variation of other fundamental constants. The latter result can be combined with other experimental constraints to extract the first limits on keand kq, which characterize the variation of me/mpand mq/mpin a changing gravitational potential, where me, mp, and mqare electron, proton, and quark masses. All results indicate the absence of significant variation at the present level of sensitivity.

Standard practice for immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation is quadruple therapy using antibody induction, low-dose tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Long-term steroid intake significantly increases cardiovascular risk factors with negative effects on the outcome, especially post-transplantation diabetes associated with morbidity and mortality. In this trial, we examined the efficacy and safety parameters of rapid steroid withdrawal after induction therapy with either rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rabbit ATG) or basiliximab in immunologically low-risk patients during the first year after kidney transplantation.

This study suggests that renal cortex volume measured by a computed tomography volumetry technique can be used for the evaluation of predonation split renal function in living donor assessment and the prediction of postdonation kidney function of the donor.

A new competitive landscape requires businesses to adapt quickly to changeable conditions. In other words businesses need strategic flexibility. Strategic flexibility refers to an ability of firms to respond and adapt to environmental changes. Strategic flexibility enables firms many advantages. For example, it may improve to innovation performance and develop the competitive advantage of a firm in a dynamic environment. Innovation can be either explorative or exploitative innovations. In this study, we examined the relationship among strategic flexibility, environmental dynamism, and innovation performance, using a sample of 69 firms from Kayseri (Turkey). We found empirical support for the positive relationships among strategic flexibility, innovation performance, and environmental dynamism.

Abstract: Electric-dipole transitions between nearly degenerate, opposite parity levels of atomic dysprosium (Dy) were monitored overan eight-month period to search for a variation in thefine-structure constant, α. The frequencies of thesetransitions are sensitive to variation of α due to largerelativistic corrections of opposite sign for the opposite-paritylevels. In this unique system, in contrast to atomic-clockcomparisons, the difference of the electronic energies of theopposite-parity levels can be monitored directly utilizing aradio-frequency (rf), electric-dipole transition between them. Ourmeasurements for the frequency variation of the 3.1-MHz transitionin 163Dy and the 235-MHz transition in 162Dy can beanalyzed for both a temporal variation and a gravitational-potentialdependence of α since, during the data acquisition period, the Earth is located at different values of the gravitationalpotential of the Sun. The data provide a rate of fractional temporalvariation of α of (-2.7±2.6)×10-15 yr-1 ora value of (-8.7 ±6.6) ×10-6 for kα, thelinear-variation coefficient for α in a changinggravitational potential. These results are independent ofassumptions regarding variation of other fundamental constants. Thelatter result can be combined with other experimental constraints toextract the first limits on ke and kq, which characterize thevariation of me/mp and mq/mp in a changing gravitationalpotential, where me, mp, and mq are electron, proton, andquark masses. All results indicate the absence of significantvariation at the present level of sensitivity.

11β-hydroxylase deficiency is the second most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This isoenzyme is coded by two highly homologous genes of cytochrome P450: CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 which were mapped to the chromosomal band 8q24. The aim of this study was to perform a series of molecular and cytogenetic analyses in two families with 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency of the Turkish kindred. Mutational analysis was carried out by directly sequencing the PCR products of CYP11B1 gene. We performed fluorescence in situhybridisation (FISH) experiments with consecutive bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones to map the breakpoints of the inversion of chromosome 3 which was detected during the karyotypic analysis of the propositus. Homozygous R448C mutations were detected in 2 individuals with 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency. Interestingly, karyotypic change of pericentric inversion [inv(3)(p13q24)] was detected in both individuals who are cousins, one transmitted paternally and the other maternally. The breakpoint at 3p included one interesting gene PPP4R2. Here we present the data of two Turkish families’ members having 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency coupled with the familial chromosomal aberration of inv(3)(p13q24). Our data suggest that codon 448, which is a mutational hot spot in CYP11B1 causing 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency, is not restricted to Jews of Moroccan origin. Phenotypic variations observed in former studies in patients homozygous for R448H were stated to be due to other factors outside the CYP11B1 locus. The breakpoint in 3p might be a candidate region affecting variations in phenotypes of 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency.

Objective:Desmopressin releases tissue-type plasminogen activator, which augments cardiopulmonary bypass–associated hyperfibrinolysis, causing excessive bleeding. Combined use of desmopressin with prior administration of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid may decrease fibrinolytic activity and might improve postoperative hemostasis. Methods:This prospective randomized study was carried out with 100 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations between April 1999 and November 2000 in Gülhane Military Medical Academy. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Desmopressin (0.3 μg/kg) was administrated just after cardiopulmonary bypass and after protamine infusion in group 1 (n = 50). Both desmopressin and tranexamic acid (before the skin incision at a loading dose of 10 mg/kg over 30 minutes and followed by 12 hours of 1 mg·kg−1·h−1) were administrated in group 2 (n = 50). Results:Significantly less drainage was noted in group 2 (1010 ± 49.9 mL vs 623 ± 41.3 mL, P=.0001). Packed red blood cells were transfused at 2.1 ± 0.5 units per patient in group 1 versus 0.9 ± 0.3 units in group 2 (P=.0001). Fresh frozen plasma was transfused at 1.84 ± 0.17 units per patient in group 1 versus 0.76 ± 0.14 units in group 2 (P=.0001). Only 24% of patients in group 2 required donor blood or blood products compared with 74% of those in the isolated desmopressin group (group 1, P=.00001). Group 1 and group 2 findings were as follows: postoperative fibrinogen, 113 ± 56.3 mg/dL versus 167 ± 45.8 mg/dL (P=.0001); fibrin split product, 21.2 ± 2.3 ng/mL versus 13.5 ± 3.4 ng/mL (P=.0001); and postoperative hemoglobin level, 7.6 ± 1.2 g/dL versus 9.1 ± 1.2 g/dL (P=.0001). Conclusion:Tranexamic acid administration significantly reduces desmopressin and bypass-induced hyperfibrinolysis. Combined use of tranexamic acid and desmopressin decreases both postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement.

Integrating the suffocation model of marriage with research on residential mobility, the current studies examined for the first time whether long-term romantic relationships are more central for residentially mobile (vs. stable) individuals (total Nacross three studies = 5,366; age range = 18–95). In Study 1, individuals who moved away from their place of birth (vs. not) were more likely to first confide in their spouse over other network members on important matters. In Study 2, history of frequent residential moves was associated with greater importance ascribed to romantic partners in the attachment hierarchy. In Study 3, the slope of perceived partner responsiveness predicting eudaimonic well-being got steeper as residential mobility increased. By showing the role of residential mobility in romantic relationships, our findings highlight the importance of studying socioecological factors to gain a deeper understanding of how relationship processes unfold.

Background. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of chordal transfer around the cleft on left atrioventricular valve competence in the late postoperative period.

This prospective study compared internal mammary artery blood flow and diameter and hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting in 3 groups of patients: group 1, 32 women who had breast fed; group 2, 21 women who had not breast fed; and group 3, 30 average-sized males. Mean internal mammary artery flow was significantly lower in group 2 (94 mL·min-1in group 1, 65 mL·min-1in group 2, 105 mL·min-1in group 3). Mean distal internal mammary artery diameter was also less in group 2 (1.35 mm in group 1, 1 mm in group 2, 1.5 mm in group 3). Postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in 1 patient in group 1, 4 in group 2, and 1 in group 3. Anterior myocardial infarction in the 4 patients in group 2 was caused by internal mammary artery spasm. Hospital mortality was 3.13% in group 1, 9.52% in group 2, and 3.33% in group 3. The angina-free period in group 1 was significantly longer than in group 2 (4.5 versus 1.7 years). It was concluded that in women who had not breast fed, the internal mammary artery diameter was inadequate to supply myocardial demand and the graft was prone to lifethreatening spasm.

Effects of myocardial revascularization in patients with preoperative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of diastolic function following successful coronary artery bypass surgery. Forty-five patients with normal diastolic function were selected for comparison with 45 patients who had a pattern of diastolic dysfunction. Mitral flow peak velocity ratios and atrial filling fractions were measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography 24 hours before surgery. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as a mitral flow peak velocity ratio of less than one. After coronary artery bypass graft surgery, patients who required hemodynamic support were excluded from further study. Group 1 consisted of 38 patients (mean age, 59 ± 9 years) with normal preoperative peak velocity ratios. Group 2 consisted of 33 patients (mean age, 52 ± 9) with preoperative diastolic dysfunction. In group 1, mitral flow peak velocity ratios decreased immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass and persisted for 24 hours, returning to normal at 72 hours. In group 2, peak velocity ratios decreased immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass and persisted for 10 days. Similar changes occurred in atrial filling fractions in the 2 groups. These findings indicate that recovery of left ventricular diastolic function is prolonged in patients with preoperative dysfunction, which may reflect the time required for reversal of the effects of chronic myocardial ischemia.

We report a simple technique to suppress high-frequency phase noise of a Yb-based fiber optical frequency comb using an active intensity noise servo. Out-of-loop measurements of the phase noise using an optical heterodyne beat with a cw laser show suppression of phase noise by ≥7?dB out to Fourier frequencies of 100?kHz with a unity-gain crossing of ∼700?kHz. These results are enabled by the strong correlation between the intensity and phase noise of the laser. Detailed measurements of intensity and phase noise spectra, as well as transfer functions, reveal that the dominant phase and intensity noise contribution above ∼100?kHz is due to amplified spontaneous emission or other quantum noise sources.

A measurement of the hyperfine coefficients and isotope shifts for the atomic dysprosium 421.291 nm transition (4f^106s^2,J=8-->4f^106s6p,J=9) using atomic beam laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. A King plot analysis is performed to determine a specific mass shift of δνsms164-162=11(7) MHz for the 421 nm transition, confirming the pure 4f^106s6p configuration of the excited state. This transition is currently being explored for laser cooling of an atomic beam of dysprosium used in a search for a temporal variation of the fine-structure constant.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to be a major burden to human health worldwide. How infected cells recognize and respond to HIV-1 infection is important in order to better understand the biology of the virus and the cellular pathways activated upon infection and to identify potential targets that interfere with viral replication. In this study, we investigated innate immune responses of different cell types following infection with single-cycle (replication-defective) HIV-1 reporter virus. We report that infection with a commonly used HIV-1 strain (lacking the env, nef, and vprgenes) does not measurably activate cellular defense mechanisms and that the virus is able to avoid recognition by cellular sensors.