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I WOULD ENCOUNTER THOUSANDS, MILLIONS OF PLANTS. WHEN SOMETHING CAUGHT MY ATTENTION, I WOULD STOP, FIND A PLACE TO SIT, AND DRAW. BUT I ALSO KNOW THAT IT DOESN'T MATTER [...]

The high capacitive performance of MXenes in acidic electrolytes has made them potential electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this study, we conducted a structural analysis of MXene surface functionalizations by identifying the surface group distribution pattern and revealed the energy storage process of MXene surface chemistry by combining a complete Pourbaix stability diagram and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Pourbaix diagram indicated that pH controls the surface termination; an acidic pH generates favorable initial surfaces of MXenes with a specific distribution of functional groups (10 hydroxyls with respect to 18 total locations for the selected surface unit). Using this, we report the charging and uncharging process of MXenes with transitions of surface oxygenic groups (−OH and -O) via hydrogen ion adsorption and desorption on the MXene surface. Our results demonstrated that transitions of surface functionalizations contribute to comparable pseudocapacitance and electrostatic capacitance for MXenes. These findings provide insights into understanding the MXene energy storage mechanism by controlling surface functionalizations through the experimental reaction environment and synthesis conditions.

Focusing on cutting-edge scientific issues related to lunar exploration and applications, 9 overarching goals and 38 specific objectives for China's manned lunar exploration program have been proposed. Leveraging China's technical capabilities in manned spaceflight and lunar exploration, as well as its expertise in lunar and planetary science, the objectives center on scientific research, lunar-based scientific research, and resource exploration and utilization. Based on these scientific goals and trends in domestic and international manned lunar exploration landing site selection, China's basic principles and processes for selecting landing sites have been established. Thirty prime landing sites have been identified, including 11 low-latitude regions and 1 mid-latitude region, taking into account scientific value and engineering implementation conditions. These scientific objectives and landing site selection recommendations will serve as important guidance and top-level input for the design and implementation of China's manned lunar exploration program.

Activated carbon (AC) has attracted tremendous research interest as an electrode material for supercapacitors owing to its high specific surface area, high porosity, and low cost. However, AC-based supercapacitors suffer from limited rate performance and low power density, which mainly arise from their inherently low electrical conductivity and sluggish ion dynamics in the micropores. Here, we propose a simple yet effective strategy to address the aforementioned issue by nitrogen/fluorine doping and enlarging the micropore size. During the treatment, the decomposition products of NH4F react with the carbon atoms to dope the AC with nitrogen/fluorine and simultaneously enlarge the pores by etching. The treated AC shows a higher specific surface area of 1826 m2g−1(by ~ 15%), more micropores with a diameter around 0.93 nm (by ~ 33%), better wettability (contact angle decreased from 120° to 45°), and excellent electrical conductivity (96 S m−1) compared with untreated AC (39 S m−1). The as-fabricated supercapacitors demonstrate excellent specific capacitance (26 F g−1at 1 A g−1), significantly reduced electrical resistance (by ~ 50%), and improved rate performance (from 46.21 to 64.39% at current densities of 1 to 20 A g−1). Moreover, the treated AC-based supercapacitor achieves a maximum energy density of 25 Wh kg−1at 1000 W kg−1and a maximum power density of 10,875 W kg−1at 15 Wh kg−1, which clearly outperforms pristine AC-based supercapacitors. This synergistic treatment strategy provides an effective way to improve the rate performance and power density of AC-based supercapacitors.

•A PEMFC pressure-flow decoupling control strategy based on SM-ADRC is proposed.•The adjustment time of the PEMFC pressure-flow decoupling control is less than 1 s.•The effectiveness of the controller under different working conditions is verified.•The PEMFC performance based on the proposed controller can be greatly improved.

Zwitterionic hydrogels (ZHs) are commonly adopted as evaporators to address the issues of low evaporation rate and poor salt resistance in solar-driven interfacial desalination due to their unique anti-polyelectrolyte (AP) effect. However, the inherent limitations of ZHs, including low water transfer rates compared to their evaporation rates and poor mechanical properties, have restricted their applications to two-dimensional (2D) evaporator configurations. Herein, we proposed a unique design of three-dimensional (3D) composite solar evaporators based on ZHs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge to improve the water transfer capacity and mechanical properties of ZHs, and thus achieve ultrahigh evaporation rates and excellent anti-fouling performance. The porous structure and super hydrophilicity of PVA sponge endowed the prepared 5-cm-high ZH-based solar evaporators (ZHSE) with water transfer rates significantly faster than those without PVA sponge. In addition, the elastic PVA sponge component enhanced the mechanical properties of ZHSE, allowing it to easily fabricate 3D structures to obtain higher evaporation rates. Moreover, PVA sponge barely weakened the AP effect of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogels in the ZHSE. Consequently, the evaporation rate of ZHSE reached 4.66 kg m-2h-1at 3.5 wt%, one of the highest among previous reports, attributed to the contributions from the 3D structural design of the evaporator and AP effect of ZHs. Meanwhile, ZHSE showed outstanding anti-fouling properties and excellent shape stability, working in 20 wt% brine ten hours a day for ten consecutive days without noticeable salt deposition and volume shrinkage. This work provides a new route to design high-performance hydrogel-based evaporators with high water transfer rates.

Water-in-salt and organic solvent-additive strategies have significantly improved the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolyte, while it still faces poor low-temperature thermodynamics stability and unsatisfied transport kinetics, as well as flammability risks caused by organic solvent. Herein we report a novel “cation-water-urea ternary interaction strategy” via environmental-friendly and non-flammable urea (CO(NH2)2) to solve the above dilemma. The cation-water-urea ternary interaction strategy preferentially develops CO(NH2)2-cation solvation structures for weakened cation-anion associations, improved anti-salt-precipitation capability, and thus enhanced ionic conductivity, meanwhile it improves the low-temperature thermodynamics stability via the stronger CO(NH2)2-water hydrogen-bond interactions to suppress the freezing and electrolysis of water. The optimum ternary aqueous electrolyte exhibits an ultralow freezing point (−70 °C), wide electrochemical stability window (2.9 V) and outstanding ionic conductivity (135 mS cm−1@25 °C and 5.3 mS cm−1@−50 °C), demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional organic solvent-additive and water-in-salt electrolytes. Finally, to demonstrate its potential for practical applications, ternary aqueous electrolyte-based supercapacitors are fabricated using commercial activated carbon electrodes, which exhibit outstanding capacitance retention (71.4 %) and much lower ion transport resistance even at ultralow temperature of −40 °C. This work proposes a novel ternary aqueous electrolyte with improved thermodynamics stability and kinetics for safe, low-temperature energy storage applications.

Low-grade heat recovery through ion redistribution (i.e., Soret effect) in electric double-layer capacitors is a recent emergence for the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. A popular approach to improving the performance of such devices is optimizing the composition of the electrolyte. However, in addition to the thermodiffusion behavior of electrolyte ions, the electrode–electrolyte interactions also play a vital role in determining the ionic Seebeck coefficient, although it has not been clearly investigated. In this work, the crucial role of electrode–electrolyte interactions in thermoelectric conversion efficiency is demonstrated by employing vertical graphene as a base material for surface modification. After the surface modification via ozone treatment, oxygen-containing functional groups are enriched on graphene sheets. After improving the interfacial interactions between vertical graphene electrode and electrolyte, the ionic Seebeck coefficient is largely enhanced by 4.6-fold (up to 1 mV K–1) while the capacitance is improved by 1.29 times. Density functional theory calculations reveal that such a high thermal response originates from the stronger ion–electrode interaction and the higher charge transfer efficiency via oxygen-containing functional groups. In addition, the energy stored in supercapacitors can be extracted by discharging through a resistor. The findings of this study can help us to better understand the role of electrode–electrolyte interactions in increasing the ionic Seebeck coefficient, providing a new strategy for improved heat-to-electric conversion.

MXenes, a new class of two-dimensional advanced functional nanomaterials, have been widely researched in the past decade for applications in diverse fields including clean energy and fuels production. The unique layered structures of MXenes simultaneously enhance electrolyte ion transport and provide transition metal active redox sites on the surface. These features make MXenes particularly promising for applications as high-performance electrodes for electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors). This paper critically reviews the latest advancements in the utilization of MXenes in supercapacitor electrodes. The key structural features and other properties of MXenes that make them ideal for supercapacitor electrodes, including strategies for fabrication, performance improvement, and scalable manufacture of industry-relevant MXene films, are elaborated. Future research needs, challenges, and opportunities in this rapidly emerging area are discussed as well.

Actuators that convert external stimuli to mechanical energy have aroused strong attention for emerging applications in robotics, artificial muscles, and other fields. However, their limited performance under harsh operating conditions evidenced by the low cycle life and hysteresis have restricted their practical applications. Here, a thermal-driven actuator based on layered metallic molybdenum disulfide (1T MoS2) nanosheets is demonstrated. The active actuator film exhibits fully reversible and highly stable (> 99.296% in 2700 cycles) thermal-mechanical conversion over a wide temperature window (from −60 °C to 80 °C). Importantly, 1T MoS2 film shows a fast response with the bending rate and the recovery rate of > 1.090 rad·s−1 and > 0.978 rad·s−1, respectively. The assembled actuator can lift 20 times its weight over several centimeters for more than 200 cycles. This work, for the first time, demonstrates the thermoresponsive characteristics of 1T MoS2 in developing the thermal actuator, which may open new opportunities for various applications, such as robotics, artificial muscles, and human assist devices.

Conversion-type pyrite (FeS2) is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to its low cost and superior capacity. However, its poor rate capability and unsatisfactory cycling performance impede advances towards industrial applications. Herein, a tightly-connected carbon-coated FeS2hollow sphere-graphene microstructure (C-HS-FeS2@rGO) is proposed to address these challenges. The material is custom designed with FeS2hollow spheres to enable unobstructed electrolyte penetration for high capacity, and a tight FeS2/graphene connection by dopamine-derived interfacial carbon to realize fast charge transfer and outstanding structural stability of FeS2. Thanks to these structural features, C-HS-FeS2@rGO exhibits outstanding rate performance (∼200 mA h g‐1at 10 A g‐1) and excellent cycling stability (130 mA h g‐1even after 5000 cycles at 5 A g‐1), which exceeds the performance of graphene-wrapped hollow-sphere FeS2(HS-FeS2@rGO) and hollow-sphere FeS2(HS-FeS2). The capacitive-dominated potassiation/de-potassiation process and robust solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer with negligible cracks and inorganic-KF-salt-dominated compositions are revealed by mechanism study and advanced microscopy analysis. K-ion full cells using C-HS-FeS2@rGO as anode and Prussian blue as cathode are assembled to demonstrate its practical application potential. This work provides new approach for custom design of microstructured FeS2anode for high-performance PIBs.

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), classified as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), play crucial roles in innate immune responses. However, research on this topic in crustaceans remains limited. In the present study, 27 NLRfamily members were identified and characterized based on the redclaw crayfish genome. Gene structure, conserved domain, and motif analyses revealed that these NLRgenes were classified into four subfamilies with three major domains, and phylogenetic and structural analyses further confirmed their evolutionary conservation. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of several NLRgenes changed significantly under the DIV1 challenge. More importantly, in vivosilencing of NAWD1gene in Cherax quadricarinatuspromoted DIV1 replication .These findings, together with those of previous studies, suggest that NLRgenes in crustaceans may play a key role in immune responses to viral infections.

Solar desalination that exploits interfacial evaporation represents a promising solution to global water scarcity. Real-world feedstocks (e.g., natural seawater and contaminated water) include oil contamination issues, raising a compelling need for desalination systems that offer anti-oil-fouling capability; however, it is still challenging to prepare oil-repellent and meanwhile water-attracting surfaces. This work demonstrates a concept of molecularly dispersing functional F and Na sites on plasma-made vertically oriented graphene nanosheets to achieve an in-air and in-water oleophobic, hydrophilic surface. The graphene architecture presents high in-air (138°) and in-water (145°) oil contact angles, with simultaneously high water affinity (0°). Such surface wettability is enabled by oleophobic, hydrophobic −CFx, and hydrophilic −COONa groups of the molecules that disperse on graphene surfaces; low-dispersion (0.439 mJ m–2) and high-polarity (95.199 mJ m–2) components of the solid surface tension; and increased surface roughness produced by graphene edges. The graphene nanostructures pump water upward by capillary action but repel oil from the surface, leading to complete in-water and in-air oil rejection and universal anti-oil-fouling capability for solar desalination. Consequently, stable solar–vapor energy efficiency of more than 85% is achieved regardless of whether the feedstock is pure or oil-contaminated water (e.g., a mixture of oil floating on water, an oil-in-water emulsion), resulting in the efficient production of clean water over several days. This outstanding performance is attributed to the universal (both in-water and in-air) oleophobic wettability, together with high light absorptance contributed by nanotraps, fast interfacial heat transfer enhanced by finlike nanostructures, and accelerated evaporation enabled by sharp graphene edges.

MXenes, as potential electrode materials for sodium-ion capacitors, have numerous chemically modifiable surface sites, which play a critical role in determining MXenes’ electrochemical performance. However, conventional density functional theory calculations based on the fixed charge method struggle to describe chemical processes involving electron transfer. In this work, a grand canonical fixed potential method, which automatically adjusts the system’s total electron count to match a specified electrode potential, was performed to investigate the potential effects on the Ti3C2T2(T = O, S, Se, F, Cl, Br) electrode for energy storage. Apart from previously observed changes in the valence of Ti atoms, we discovered that atoms of surface terminal functional groups also undergo charge transfer when the electrode potential changes. Examinations of the electronic structure with varying electrode potentials revealed that changed potential not only shifts the Fermi level but also leads to the renormalization of the density of states. This result differs significantly from the rigid band approximation. In addition, we found that the origin of the strong energy storage capability of MXenes could be due to the outermost p orbital of surface terminal functional atoms with the help of the projected density of states analysis. By using grand canonical fixed potential method, it is now feasible to establish the relationship between electronic properties and the energy storage performance in different electrode potentials for electrode materials.

Oil spills remain a worldwide challenge and need emergency “spill-SOS” actions when they occur. Conventional methods suffer from complex processes and high cost. Here, we demonstrate a solar-heating siphon-capillary oil skimmer (S-SOS) that harvests solar energy, gravitational potential energy, and solid surface energy to enable efficient oil spill recovery in a self-pumping manner. The S-SOS is assembled by an inverted U-shape porous architecture combining solar-heating, siphon, and capillary effects, and works without any external power or manual interventions. Importantly, solid surface energy is used by capillary adsorption to enable the self-starting behavior, gravitational potential energy is utilized by siphon transport to drive the oil flow, and solar energy is harvested by solar-thermal conversion to facilitate the transport speed. In the proof-of-concept work, an all-carbon hierarchical architecture (VG/GF) is fabricated by growing vertically oriented graphene nanosheets (VGs) on a monolith of graphite felt (GF) via a plasma-enhanced method to serve as the U-shape architecture. Consequently, an oil-recovery rate of 35.2 L m–2h–1is obtained at ambient condition. When exposed to normal solar irradiation, the oil-recovery rate dramatically increases to 123.3 L m–2h–1. Meanwhile, the solar-thermal energy efficiency is calculated to be 75.3%. Moreover, the S-SOS system presents excellent stability without obvious performance-degradation over 60 h. The outstanding performance is ascribed to the enhanced siphon action, capillary action, photonic absorption, and interfacial heating in the plasma-made graphene nanostructures. Multiple merits make the current S-SOS design and the VG/GF nanostructures promising for efficient oil recovery and transport of energy stored in chemical bonds.

A hierarchical petal-on-petal MnO2/vertical graphene (VG) foam catalyst for high-performance toluene decomposition with low pressure drop in postplasma catalysis is demonstrated in this work. The as-fabricated hierarchical structure exhibits high toluene decomposition of ∼93% and ozone conversion of nearly 100% at a high flow rate of 500 mL min–1, significantly higher than those of MnO2deposited on conventional activated carbon and reduced graphene oxide powders with pressure drop of 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of VG foam. The three-dimensional macroporous structure of VG foam is beneficial for gas permeability and thus significantly decreases the pressure drop. The nonagglomerated morphology, large surface area, and sharp exposed edges of VG foam could provide abundant sites for anchoring catalysts without obvious agglomeration. Besides, the unique petal-like structure and open channels of MnO2prominently enlarge the accessible surface area exposed to gas, leading to enhanced decomposition efficiency.

Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are advanced electrochemical devices for energy storage and have attracted strong interest due to their outstanding properties. Rational optimization of electrode–electrolyte interactions is of vital importance to enhance device performance for practical applications. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations could provide theoretical guidelines for the optimal design of electrodes and the improvement of capacitive performances, e.g., energy density and power density. Here we discuss recent MD simulation studies on energy storage performance of electrode materials containing porous to nanostructures. The energy storage properties are related to the electrode structures, including electrode geometry and electrode modifications. Altering electrode geometry, i.e., pore size and surface topography, can influence EDL capacitance. We critically examine different types of electrode modifications, such as altering the arrangement of carbon atoms, doping heteroatoms and defects, which can change the quantum capacitance. The enhancement of power density can be achieved by the intensified ion dynamics and shortened ion pathway. Rational control of the electrode morphology helps improve the ion dynamics by decreasing the ion diffusion pathway. Tuning the surface properties (e.g., the affinity between the electrode and the ions) can affect the ion-packing phenomena. Our critical analysis helps enhance the energy and power densities of EDLCs by modulating the corresponding electrode structures and surface properties.

Wire supercapacitors have recently elicited attention due to their potential to be woven into textiles as flexible power supplies for wearable electronic devices. However, contemporary wire supercapacitors generally suffer from low energy density and complicated fabrication and assembly processes. Here, we report a unique design of asymmetric wire supercapacitors in a wrap-twist architecture, with graphene nanopetals grown on carbon fiber tow as negative electrodes and MnO2nanosheets electrodeposited on carbon nanotube paper as positive electrodes. The wrap-twist structure integrates both positive and negative electrodes with edge-enriched nanostructures, and a new assembly procedure greatly increases the contact area between the two electrodes, leading to significantly improved electrochemical performance. Such asymmetric wire supercapacitors exhibit ultrahigh capacitances of over 40 mF cm−1, outstanding energy and power densities, with energy densities up to 12 µWh cm−1(approx. 50 µWh cm−2on an area basis) and power densities up to approx. 3.7mWcm−1(approx. 15.4mWcm−2), good cyclic stability and excellent flexibility. Moreover, the thermal performance of such wire supercapacitors is assessed by characterizing temperature effects on electrochemical performance over a temperature window ranging from 2 to 80°C. The outstanding electrochemical and thermal performance of the wire supercapacitors demonstrates their promising potential as flexible power sources for wearable electronic devices.

To observe the therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) combined with psychological intervention on the symptom of somzatization or obsession and mental symptom of depression or anxiety and P50 of Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) on internet addiction disorder (IAD).

Precise control of liquid–solid interactions within sub-micrometer spaces is critical to maximize the active surface areas in porous materials, yet is challenging because of the limited liquid penetration. Here we discover an effective, dry-climate natural plant-inspired approach to guide water into sub-micrometer graphene microwells (Sub-μGWs) and to tune the transition from the hydrophobic to superhydrophilic states. Dry plasma texturing of Sub-μGWs by graphene ‘nano-flaps’ which adjust the tilt and density upon controlled liquid evaporation leads to controlled and stable sub-micrometer-scale surface modification and variable wettability in a wide range. This effect helps capture Au nanoparticles on the Sub-μGW surfaces as a proof-of-principle water purification platform and tune the charge-storage capacity and frequency response of Sub-μGW-based supercapacitors without altering the Sub-μGW backbones. The outcomes may be extended into diverse materials and solutions thus opening new opportunities for next-generation devices, systems and applications.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment on the effect of wall roughness on the pressure drop of fluid flow in microchannels. Design/methodology/approach – The wall roughness is generated by the method of random midpoint displacement (RMD) and the lattice Boltzmann BGK model is applied. The influences of Reynolds number, relative roughness and the Hurst exponent of roughness profile on the Poiseuille number are investigated. Findings – Unlike the smooth channel flow, Reynolds number, relative roughness and the Hurst exponent of roughness profiles play critical roles on the Poiseuille number Po in rough microchannels. Modeling results indicate that, in rough microchannels, the rough surface configuration intensifies the flow-surface interactions and the wall conditions turn to dominate the flow characteristics. The perturbance of the local flows near the channel wall and the formation of recirculation regions are two main features of the flow-surface interactions. Research limitations/implications – The fluid flow in parallel planes with surface roughness is considered in the current study. In other words, only two-dimensional fluid flow is investigated. Practical implications – The LBM is a very useful tool to investigate the microscale flows. Originality/value – A new method (RMD) is applied to generate the wall roughness in parallel plane and LBM is conducted to investigate the pressure drop characteristics in rough microchannels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning positive column of atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (AGD) plasma is proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy toward the instantaneous (∼2 s) reduction of graphene oxide (GO) paper, further leading to a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper with unimpeded liquid permeation for high performance supercapacitors. Unlike previous finding that AGD plasma has no effect on GO, a well-designed AGD plasma containing scanning positive column region is demonstrated to be capable of converting GO paper to rGO paper. With the synergy of energetic electrons (electron density 1.03 × 1016cm–3) and surface touch heating (translational temperature ∼800 K), restoration of graphene’s excellent electrical properties is realized, evidenced by a substantially (5 orders of magnitude) improved electrical conductivity. Moreover, the ultrafast reduction of oxygen functionalities results in the creation of exposed open channels and the expansion of graphene layers, leading to a rGO paper supercapacitor electrode with unimpeded liquid permeation. Taking the above advantages, the as-obtained rGO paper exhibits obviously better capacitive and rate performance than the parent GO and chemically reduced rGO counterparts in terms of higher specific capacitance, better charge/discharge rate response, and faster ion diffusion, holding a great promise for energy storage applications.

One of the most challenging issues in developing supercapacitor technology is the rational design and synthesis of active electrode materials, at the nanoscale, with favorable morphologies, reasonable porous structure, and excellent conductivity. By transforming a two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheet into a crumpled ball shape, a novel three-dimensional (3D) graphene structure with a large surface area and aggregation-resistant properties has been proposed as an active material in supercapacitors to address the issues associated with the restacking of 2D graphene sheets. To further improve the mass transport/electron transfer and address the issue of limited contact spots between the crumpled graphene balls (CGBs) or between the CGBs and the current collector, we report here a unique hierarchical nanohybrid with porous carbon nanotube (CNT)-networks decorated CGBs (p-CNTn/CGBs), which not only greatly improves the affinity for bridging the active material and the current collector but also maintains favorable features for supercapacitor applications, such as a large surface area, 3D hierarchical nanostructure, excellent electrical conductivity, and outstanding aggregation-resistance. The performance established on the p-CNTn/CGBs far exceeded the bare CGB and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) counterparts in terms of specific capacitance and rate capabilities.

Vertically oriented graphene (VG) nanosheets are synthesized for counter electrodes (CEs) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The VG electrode exhibits charge transfer resistance about 1% of the Pt electrode and improves power conversion efficiency of DSSCs from 4.68% (for Pt CEs) to 5.36%.

The development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly associated with G-quadruplex (G4); thus, targeting G4 is a potential strategy for TNBC therapy. Because concomitant histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition could amplify the impact of G4-targeting compounds, we designed and synthesized two novel series of G4/HDAC dual-targeting compounds by connecting the zinc-binding pharmacophore of HDAC inhibitors to the G4-targeting isaindigotone scaffold (1). Among the new compounds, a6with the potent HDAC inhibitory and G4 stabilizing activity could induce more DNA G4 formation than SAHA and 1in TNBC cells. Remarkably, a6caused more G4-related DNA damage and G4-related differentially expressed genes, consistent with its effect on disrupting the cell cycle, invasion, and glycolysis. Furthermore, a6significantly suppresses the proliferation of various TNBC cells and the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model without evident toxicity. Our study suggests a novel strategy for TNBC therapeutics through dual-targeting HDAC and G4.

The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.

Aiming at the product with long storage and one-time application, this paper establishes the mathematical model of storage reliability and mathematical model system storage reliability. According to the reliability test data of every part (subsystem) of the product, it evaluates the system reliability of the product and reliable storage life, and lower limit of system storage reliability and lower limit of reliable storage life on the credible level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

•Synergistic combination of EDLC mechanisms and pseudocapacitance.•Realizing surface-dominant (up to 86.9%) pseudocapacitive energy storage.•Porous aligned architecture via bidirectional freezing to enhance ion transport.•Conductive Ti3C2Txconnected MoS2nanosheets to improve electron transfer.•Achieving high specific energy (45.3 Wh kg−1) and power (76.4 kW kg−1).

Herein, we report a simple and efficient method of hydrogen production from methanol decomposition using a gliding arc discharge (GAD) plasma. A maximum methanol conversion of 87.1% can be achieved. Results have shown that, the GAD plasma process can provide a processing capacity, H2production rate, and energy yields of several orders of magnitude higher than other typical nonthermal plasmas, offering a promising and flexible route for industrial applications.

The expression of foreign gene,Schistosoma Japonicum26 ku antigen (Sj26GST),in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG),Mycobacterium CM. smegmatis) andEscherichia coli (E. coli)were studied. The cDNA fragment encoding Sj26GST was amplified by PCR using plasmid pGEX, which could express Sj26GST inE. colias template. The Sj26GST cDNA was cloned into the downstream of humanM. tuberculosisheat shock protein (hsp) 70 promoter with correct reading frame, and then the DNA fragment containing hsp70 promoter and Sj26GST gene were subcloned together intoE. coli-Mycobacteriashuttle plasmid pBCG-2000 to construct the expression shuttle plasmid pBCG-Sj26. The recombinant BCG andM. smegmatismc2155, which were electroplated with pBCG-Sj26, could express Sj26GST and the recombinantSchistosoma Japonicumvaccine BCG-Sj26GST was made. The recombinant Sj26GST (rSj26GST) were soluble and could be observed on SDS-PAGE at molecular weight of 26 ku. The content of rSj26GST accounted for 15%and 10%of total bacterial protein in BCG andM. smegmatisrespectively. The results of Western blot showed the combination of rSj26GST with antibody of GST.

Summary: The expression of foreign gene,Schistosoma Japonicum 26 ku antigen (Sj26GST),in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG),Mycobacterium CM. smegmatis) andEscherichia coli (E. coli) were studied. The cDNA fragment encoding Sj26GST was amplified by PCR using plasmid pGEX, which could express Sj26GST inE. coli as template. The Sj26GST cDNA was cloned into the downstream of humanM. tuberculosis heat shock protein (hsp) 70 promoter with correct reading frame, and then the DNA fragment containing hsp70 promoter and Sj26GST gene were subcloned together intoE. coli-Mycobacteria shuttle plasmid pBCG-2000 to construct the expression shuttle plasmid pBCG-Sj26. The recombinant BCG andM. smegmatis mc2155, which were electroplated with pBCG-Sj26, could express Sj26GST and the recombinantSchistosoma Japonicum vaccine BCG-Sj26GST was made. The recombinant Sj26GST (rSj26GST) were soluble and could be observed on SDS-PAGE at molecular weight of 26 ku. The content of rSj26GST accounted for 15% and 10% of total bacterial protein in BCG andM. smegmatis respectively. The results of Western blot showed the combination of rSj26GST with antibody of GST.

Koro epidemics, characterized by panic due to fear of genital retraction, involving more than 2000 victims, mainly young men, occurred in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province, China, in 1984–85 and 1987. A questionnaire survey of 214 victims of these epidemics was conducted in 1988. The survey focused on symptom manifestation, personality profile, life problems, and folk belief. The results of the “koro” group were compared with those of a “clinic” group with minor psychiatric disorder and a “control” group from the non-clinical, non-koro episode population in the epidemic area. The results revealed that the victims of the koro epidemics were characterized by low intellectual endowment and strong acceptance of koro-related folk beliefs. The results support the hypotheses that: a) a koro attack is a psychologically induced anxiety-panic condition; b) the presence of an intensive belief in the culturally related concept of koro makes the subject vulnerable to the attack; and c) social crisis or tension serves as a trigger for the occurrence of the epidemic.

This paper presents the techniques and results of landing-site topographic mapping and rover localization using orbital, descent and rover images in the Chang’e-4 mission. High-resolution maps of the landing site are generated from orbital and descent images. Local digital elevation models and digital orthophoto maps with 0.02 m resolution are generated at each waypoint. The location of the lander is determined as (177.588° E, 45.457° S) using festure-matching techniques. The cross-site visual localization method is routinely used to localize the rover at each waypoint to reduce error accumulation from wheel slippage and IMU drift in dead reckoning. After the first five lunar days, the rover travels 186.66 m from the lander, according to the cross-site visual localization. The developed methods and results have been directly utilized to support the mission’s operations. The maps and localization information are also valuable for supporting multiple scientific explorations of the landing site.

3D graphene structure with covalent-bonding nanofins is proposed to demonstrate highly thermo-conductive aqueous medium.An ultralow loading of 3D graphene enables aqueous medium with a record high thermal conductivity of 2.61 W m-1K-1.3D graphene aqueous medium can remarkably enhance the performance of solar thermal conversion and heat dissipation.

Over millions of years, natural evolution created intricate plant microstructures to most effectively convert and use energy and water. Here we use one-step plasma carbonization and surface nanostructuring of microscopic textures of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), to dramatically surpass its natural performance in light harvesting, water transport and evaporation. The plasma exposure produces vertically-oriented graphenes (VGs) on the lotus micro-textured surfaces (lotus/VG), without any external carbon source. The nanostructures exhibit high photonic absorption of 99.2% (~twice the pristine lotus), customized centralized water pathway, run-through channels and super-hydrophilicity for ultrafast water transport (~5 times the pristine lotus), and potential for scalable, low cost production. The lotus/VG evaporator exhibits a high solar energy conversion efficiency (~90%) at 1 sun, competitive with synthetic materials. Furthermore, the lotus/VG nanostructures are applied for sludge drying and wastewater treatment, demonstrating great potential of this nanotechnology-enhanced natural material for renewable solar energy utilization.

New concept of solar vapour gap membrane distillation (SVGMD) is based on synergizing of nanochannel-guided water transport, localized heating, and membrane separation from feed solution.First-time introduction of the gap enables long-term stability and non-fouling membrane.SVGMD exhibits a solar-water energy efficiency higher than state-of-the-art solar vapour systems.