Search

The cell motility problem has been investigated for a long time. Today, many biologists, physicists, and mathematicians are looking for new research instruments for this process. A simple 2D model of a free-boundary cell moving on a homogeneous isotropic surface is presented in the paper. It describes the dynamics of the complex actomyosin liquid, whose special properties influence the boundary dynamics and cell motility. The model consists of a system of equations with the free boundary domain and contains a non-local term. In this work, we present a numerical solution of this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce UAMMD (Universally Adaptable Multiscale Molecular Dynamics), a novel software infrastructure tailored for mesoscale complex fluid simulations on GPUs. The UAMMD library encompasses a comprehensive range of computational schemes optimized for the GPU, spanning from molecular dynamics to immersed boundary fluctuating-hydrodynamics. Developed in CUDA/C++14, this header-only open-source software serves both as a simulation engine and as a library with a modular architecture, offering a vast array of independent modules, categorized as interactors (neighbor search, bonded, non-bonded and electrostatic interactions, etc.) and integrators (molecular dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics, smooth particle hydrodynamics, Brownian hydrodynamics and a rather complete array of Immersed Boundary -IB- schemes). UAMMD excels in schemes that couple particle-based elastic structures with continuum fields in different regions of the mesoscale. To that end, thermal fluctuations can be added in physically consistent ways, and fast modes can be eliminated to adapt UAMMD to different regimes (compressible or incompressible flow, inertial or Stokesian dynamics, etc.). Thus, UAMMD is extremely useful for coarse-grained simulations of nanoparticles, and soft and biological matter (from proteins to viruses and micro-swimmers). Importantly, all UAMMD developments are hand-to-hand validated against experimental techniques, and it has proven to quantitatively reproduce experimental signals from quartz-crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, magnetic sensors, optic-matter interaction and ultrasound. Program Title: UAMMD CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/srrt2y5s4m.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/RaulPPelaez/UAMMD/ Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++/CUDA Nature of problem: The key problem addressed in computational physics is simulating the behavior of matter at various scales, encompassing both discrete (particle-based) and continuum (field-based) approaches. The challenge lies in accurately and efficiently modeling interactions at different spatio-temporal scales, ranging from atomic (microscopic) to fluid dynamics (macroscopic). This complexity is further amplified in mesoscale regions, where different physics domains intersect, necessitating advanced computational techniques to capture the nuanced dynamics of systems such as colloids, polymers, and biological structures. Solution method: The present solution consists in the creation of UAMMD (Universally Adaptable Multiscale Molecular Dynamics), a CUDA/C++14 library designed for GPU-accelerated complex fluid simulations. UAMMD offers a flexible platform that integrates discrete particle dynamics with continuum fluid dynamics. It supports a variety of computational schemes, each tailored for specific spatio-temporal regimes. The library's modular architecture allows for the seamless introduction of new algorithms and easy integration into existing codebases. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: UAMMD's design emphasizes modularity and GPU-native architecture, optimizing computational efficiency and flexibility. However, its focus on GPU acceleration and low level nature means it requires compatible hardware and familiarity with CUDA programming. While UAMMD is versatile in handling various physical regimes, it currently lacks certain standard force field potentials and multi-GPU support. Nonetheless, its ongoing development and open-source nature promise continual enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the flow of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid induced by an exponentially stretching and rotating cylinder. The presence of non-linear convection, non-linear radiation, and magnetic field is also assumed. The factors covered in the study has a wide spectrum of application in various disciplines, and therefore we analyse the influence of different flow parameters after numerically solving the set of modelled differential equations. A data-free physics-informed neural network using a wavelet activation function is used to approximate the numerical solution. The reliability of the used methodology is validated by comparing the results of the limiting case with the available results. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using PINN in an unsupervised fashion to tackle fluid flow problems, showcasing their ability to provide reliable and accurate solutions without the need for extensive datasets. This approach highlights the potential of PINN to address complex fluid dynamics problems by utilizing physical laws within the neural network framework. From the numerical study, it is observed that hybrid nanofluid has a better rate of heat transfer compared to the nanofluid. Furthermore, radiation parameter and maxwell flow parameter is seen to exhibit significant impact of the flow profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the formation of biomolecular condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation of macromolecules, highlighting their distinct biophysical properties. The researchers engineered the interface of condensates to create hierarchical mesoscale structures using two immiscible proteins, RGG and FUS LC. By manipulating the interfacial tension between the proteins, they were able to promote hierarchical assembly, offering insights into the formation of complex structures from biomolecular condensates. This preprint has not yet undergone peer review and provides a strategy for designing synthetic multiphasic materials. [Extracted from the article]

Sills are important components of magmatic plumbing systems because of their role in magma storage. Previous studies have indirectly investigated sill propagation and architecture by using laboratory experiments, remote sensing, modelling and theory. However, these studies often struggle to include the complexity of natural systems, which commonly involves strong interplay between hosts and intrusions. To highlight the importance of host rock and magma interaction, we present the results from a study of combined unmanned aerial vehicle and outcrop datasets from a world-class 1.3 km long, 30 m high 3D exposure of a 12 m thick alkaline trachybasalt sill in Mussentuchit Wash, San Rafael Swell, Utah. The sill intruded into Jurassic, dominantly sandy, sedimentary rocks. Results of this study show that the propagation of the Mussentuchit Wash Sill features both fracture-driven and complex non-brittle fluid interaction emplacement, which are strongly influenced by local sedimentology and presence of porewater. Segregated melt emplaced progressively within the sill during emplacement is used to document the evolution of sill inflation. The fracture-driven propagation is initiated along sedimentary discontinuities through hydrofracturing, whereas the non-brittle fluid interaction is caused by the presence of local porewater within the sedimentary host rocks. This suggests that local lithology may exert strong control on the architecture and morphology of sills in sedimentary basins. Supplementary material: Uninterpreted images of the sill are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21269265.v1 and are included as DR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present HTMPC, a Heavily Templated C++ library for large-scale simulations implementing multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC), a particle-based mesoscale hydrodynamic simulation method. The implementation is plugin-based, and designed for distributed computing over an arbitrary number of MPI ranks. By abstracting the hardware-dependent parts of the implementation, we provide an identical application-code base for various architectures, currently supporting CPUs and CUDA-capable GPUs. We have examined the code for a system of more than a trillion MPC particles distributed over a few thousand MPI ranks (GPUs), demonstrating the scalability of the implementation and its applicability to large-scale hydrodynamic simulations. As showcases, we examine passive and active suspension of colloids, which confirms the extensibility and versatility of our plugin-based implementation. Program Title: HTMPC CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/xnxh68zhbt.1 Licensing provisions: MIT Programming language: C++17, CUDA C++ (optional), MPI (optional) Supplementary material: Supplementary Information, User Manual Nature of problem: Complex fluids in soft, active, and living matter are characterized by a wide range of relevant length- and time-scales, from nanometers to millimeters, and from sub-microseconds to seconds. Their dynamics is often governed by the hydrodynamics of the embedding aqueous medium. Thus, it is essential for the numerical study of such systems to develop efficient simulation techniques and highly parallel computer codes, especially when large system sizes and emergent collective behavior are considered. Several mesoscale simulation techniques have been developed in the last decades for this purpose. Multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC), a particle-based hydrodynamics simulation technique, is a promising ansatz for such an endeavor. It is also important to develop an easy-to-extend implementation, so that the code can be adapted to various soft and living matter systems as desired. Solution method: We develop an implementation of MPC that can exploit large-scale high-performance computing resources for hydrodynamic simulations of complex fluids. The code provides a C++ template library, which is plugin-based and can be extended by user-written plugins, implementing particles or objects interacting with the surrounding fluid. Calculations can be distributed over an arbitrary number of MPI ranks and accelerated with the current implementation supporting CUDA-capable GPUs. The code includes essential features of state-of-the-art MPC algorithms, e.g., thermostat, local angular-momentum conservation, and a variety of boundary conditions, such as periodic, no-slip (both also supporting shear flow) and slip. Simulation data can be written to and read from disk. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code provides an option to produce perfectly reproducible particle trajectories, independent of the MPI setup of a simulation system, as long as the underlying architecture and selected features are identical. It shows good scaling behaviors for sufficiently heavy workloads even for very large problems utilizing thousands of GPUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study from the Department of Food Engineering focused on utilizing hydrocolloids extracted from mango peel to stabilize dressing-type emulsions. The research explored the impact of different ratios of mango peel-derived hydrocolloids and guar gum on the emulsions' characteristics. The findings suggest that mango peel hydrocolloids can enhance the stability of emulsions, contributing to sustainable food processing practices. For more details, the full article can be accessed in the Applied Food Research journal. [Extracted from the article]

The numerical simulation of diblock copolymers under hydrodynamic action in complex domains is of great significance in academic research and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to establish a fast, stable, and easily implementable numerical simulation framework for them. A hydrodynamically coupled diblock copolymer phase field model is considered, which includes a conserved Allen-Cahn-Ohta-Kawasaki type equation and an incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. However, rapid numerical simulation of the model in complex domains faces significant challenges, including discretization of complex boundaries, huge computational costs of three-dimensional (3D) problems, strong nonlinear coupling between multiple equations, and preserving the volume conservation properties. To overcome the above difficulties, a new modified model that can be computed in the regular domain is established by diffusion domain (DD) method, avoiding numerical discretization of complex boundaries. Then, we develop a stabilized second-order dimension splitting (DS) technique for the modified model. This approach effectively decomposes 2D or 3D problems into 1D sub-problems in different directions, significantly improving the computation efficiency. For spatial discretization, the central difference scheme is applied on mark and cell (MAC) grid, and the discrete volume conservation is ensured by proper processing. Finally, the efficacy of the modified model and numerical scheme is verified through numerical experiments. A series of numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of complex domains and fluid dynamics on the evolution of diblock copolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study from the University of Southern California (USC) explores the interaction between proteins Tdp43 and Huntingtin Exon-1, which play roles in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's and ALS. The research suggests that these proteins undergo a conformationally specific interaction that alters their fibril formation, potentially contributing to disease pathology. The findings indicate that direct protein interaction may be responsible for the linked pathologies of both proteins. For more information, the study can be found in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the issuance of a patent to Cepheid for methods and apparatus for sequential amplification reactions. The patent aims to allow for the amplification of multiple target polynucleotides from a single sample by carrying out successive amplifications of different target polynucleotides from different portions of the sample. The patent provides methods for controlling sequential amplification reactions, determining the presence or absence of target polynucleotides in a sample, and a fluidly closed reaction system for performing multiple sequential amplification reactions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in Brazil have developed a dual-functionalized architecture for silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) that enables stable and tumor cell-specific interaction in complex biological fluids. This innovation addresses the challenge of maintaining nanoparticle stability and targeting capabilities in physiological environments, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. The study, supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), highlights the potential for developing nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical drugs with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity for medical purposes. For more information, readers can refer to the research article published in the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents a state of the art on port-Hamiltonian formulations for the modeling and numerical simulation of open fluid systems. This literature review, with the help of more than one hundred classified references, highlights the main features, the positioning with respect to seminal works from the literature on this topic, and the advantages provided by such a framework. A focus is given on the shallow water equations and the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in 2D, including numerical simulation results. It is also shown how it opens very stimulating and promising research lines towards thermodynamically consistent modeling and structure-preserving numerical methods for the simulation of complex fluid systems in interaction with their environment. • A comprehensive review of the port-Hamiltonian framework applied to fluid problems. • A modular approach to the physical modeling of fluids as open systems, including conservative or dissipative phenomena. • A structure-preserving numerical method for which the continuous power balance carries over to the discrete level. • Input/output flexibility, such as boundary stabilization by output feedback control law. • Links with irreversible processes and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in Iran explores the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for various diseases. Saliva has been increasingly recognized as a non-invasive and easily accessible fluid for disease screening. However, the study highlights the variability and instability of saliva as a diagnostic medium. The researchers conducted a systematic review of published literature to examine the diagnostic potential of salivary biomarkers for systemic diseases such as infectious and malignant conditions. This research provides valuable insights into the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool and its limitations. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Wuhan University in China discusses a new method for detecting exosomes, which are small vesicles that carry cancer-related proteins and can be used for early cancer diagnosis. The researchers developed a proximity ligation assay using aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes to detect exosomes in human plasma samples. The method was able to distinguish between healthy individuals and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients by quantifying exosomes in the plasma. This research has potential applications in early cancer diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Islamic Azad University in Tehran, Iran, explores the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a nanofluid consisting of ZrO2, MoS2, and GO nanoparticles suspended in water. The study investigates the impact of various physical parameters, such as electric and magnetic field strengths, thermal radiation, and porous plate permeability, on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. The findings suggest that the nanofluid has the potential to enhance heat transfer rates, making it a promising candidate for cooling systems, heat exchangers, and energy storage devices. The research contributes to the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies in aerospace, biomedical engineering, and renewable energy. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum in Germany have conducted a study on the biocompatibility of amphiphilic polysulfobetaines as coatings for surgical implants. The study found that these coatings demonstrated high resistance against non-specific adsorption of proteins, platelet adhesion, thrombocyte activation, and bacterial accumulation. In some cases, the amphiphilic coatings even outperformed purely hydrophilic coatings. This research provides valuable insights into the development of improved coatings for surgical implants. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) have published a study on the electro-osmotic flow of blood with varying cholesterol levels. The study aimed to simulate arterial occlusion and analyze the fluid's rheology using a multi-modal convected Maxwell model equation. The researchers derived analytical solutions using the Fourier transform formalism and validated their predictions with experimental data. This study contributes significantly to the field as there is limited research on electro-osmotic flow in blood with pathologies associated with low and high cholesterol. [Extracted from the article]

• A 3D pseudo-potential multiphase model is developed. • The model is capable of achieving gas-liquid super-large density ratio. • The model is able to adjust surface tension independently of density ratio. • The numerical stability keeps well in the simulations with large density ratio and high Reynolds number. In this paper, an improved three-dimensional pseudo-potential multiphase flow model is proposed. A high-precision difference scheme is employed to improve the computational accuracy of the interaction forces to achieve super-large density ratio. The present model is verified to obtain two-phase density ratio up to hundreds of thousands for all selected equations of state, and the spurious currents can be suppressed to a relatively low level. A modification pressure tensor is introduced to implement a wide range of surface tension adjustments independently of the density ratio. The model is applied to simulate droplet impacts on a liquid film as well as droplet impacts on a dry surface. Numerical results show that the model still has good numerical stability in simulating complex fluid problems with very large density ratio, adjustable surface tension, high Reynolds number, or containing the wettable surface. In addition, to improve the computational efficiency, an efficient parallel algorithm based on graphics processing unit (GPU) is designed for the present model. A maximum speedup ratio of 687 times is obtained compared to the corresponding CPU-based serial algorithm, which can significantly accelerate the numerical simulation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by the Swedish Defence Research Agency evaluated the performance of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) for the detection of nerve agents in complex fluids. The researchers tested the detection of two nerve agents, Tabun and VX, in contact lens solution and a caffeine-based eye serum. They found that Tabun detection was successful in both media, with a practical limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 7-9 ppm in contact lens liquid and 10.2 ppm in eye serum. VX detection was more challenging and was only achieved in contact lens solution, with a practical LOD ranging from 0.6-5 ppm. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using SERS for on-field detection of nerve agents in suspected chemical threat situations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Chandigarh University in Mohali, India, examined the effects of relative humidity on the structure of sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals in complex fluid drops during drying. The researchers found that the morphology of the crystals changed from a cross-crystal pattern to a dendritic pattern as the humidity levels varied. This study highlights the importance of considering humidity as a key factor in controlling crystal formation and stability, with potential applications in fields such as material science, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Chung-Ang University in South Korea have developed a new biosensor for detecting thrombin in complex biological fluids. The biosensor incorporates a nanohybrid hydrogel composed of tannic acid, polyethyleneimine, and graphene oxide as an anti-fouling layer, improving the stability and selectivity of the electrode surface. This development has the potential to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of coagulation disorder-related diseases. The research was funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) and Chung Ang University. [Extracted from the article]

Tectonic forces generated during thrust emplacement along active margins may drive complex fluid-flow patterns in fold-thrust belts and foreland basins. Isotope data (δ²H and δ18O) of fluid inclusions hosted in calcite vein cements are used to reconstruct regional fluid migration pathways in the Albanide fold-thrust system. The calcite veins used in this study developed in a sequence of naturally fractured Cretaceous-Eocene carbonate rocks as a result of episodic throughput of fluids from the early stages of burial onward. The acquired fluid inclusion isotope data demonstrate that fluids circulating in the carbonates were derived from an underlying reservoir that consisted of a mixture of meteoric water and evolved marine fluids, probably derived from deep-seated evaporites. The meteoric fluids infiltrated in the hinterland before being driven outward into the foreland basin and ascended as soon as fracturing induced a sufficient increase in permeability. Structural and petrographic observations provide time constraints for the various phases of fracture infilling and reveal an increasing dominance of meteoric water in the system through time as migration pathways shortened and marine formation fluids were progressively flushed out. Similar fluid-flow evolutions have previously been recorded in various fold-thrust belt settings elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel fractal roughness model is proposed for non-Newtonian fluid transport. • A new Poiseuille number combines the memory of fluid and fractal trait of a surface. • The effective roughness in two dimensions is introduced and investigated. • The effects of key parameters and the underlying mechanism are discussed. • This model may be a potential approach for complex fluid transport in microfluidics. Roughness induces the complex transport of fluid on interfacial flow. The intrinsic asperities of surfaces involve fractal trait. A fractal roughness model for the transport of fractional non-Newtonian fluid is proposed in this work. In the present analysis, the effective local radius is characterized by means of the algebraic superposition of the measuring radius as well as the roughness in the angular and the longitudinal directions. A novel Poiseuille number is put forward that combines the non-locality of non-Newtonian fluid and the fractal attribute of the surface within a microtube. The effects of the relative roughness, the fractal dimension, and the fractional derivative order on frictional resistance are investigated and discussed. In addition, the accuracy and feasibility of the present model are verified by comparing with the conventional model with regard to the experimental data of polyacrylamide (PAM). The present model may serve as a potential approach to quantify and manipulate the transport of complex fluid in microfluidic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method based on the so-called discrete geometrical invariants (DGIs) is proposed to highlight the statistical differences between random sequences that can be presented in the form of two dimensions curves. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated experimentally. Different complex fluids (i.e. sunflower and olive oils from different producers, isopropanol (IPA), sodium chloride, glucose, and distilled water) are considered to carry out a set of measurements for identifying the differences between fluids. The experimental results are obtained by two different approaches that are based on microwave and optical characterization. Moreover, an algorithm is provided to apply the DGIs method to both types of results and, in general, to implement the identification method in an automatic way also to other fluids. The new methodology is specified by the combination of the peculiar statistical analysis with the employed experimental technique. It opens a wide scenario of practical applications in detection and identification of hidden differences between complex fluids like vegetable and industrial oils, wines, milk, etc., without having a detailed knowledge of the complicated chemical content. It is expected that the proposed methodology can be applied to different technologies and systems, such as in production of different beverages, chemical fluids and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The μ (I)-rheology is a constitutive model to describe a complex, unconventional viscoplastic, shear-thinning flow behavior of dense granular flows. • We use a new regularized μ (i)-rheology to avoid instabilities inchallenging simulations. • We study the 2D and 3D column collapse. No spurious oscillations or shear bands are observed, even in simulations with high density and viscosity contrasts. • Proper data structures, nodal reordering, a good preconditioner, and in-situ visualization help the simulations. • Both the flow solver and the VOF marker converge well, with a reasonable number of iterations. Dense granular flows play an important role in industry and nature. Numerical simulation is a helpful tool to understand their behavior. The high particle concentration in a particle-laden flow leads to non-Newtonian fluid properties. The μ (I)-rheology is a constitutive model to describe a complex, unconventional viscoplastic, shear-thinning flow behavior that agrees well with experiments of dense granular flow. This constitutive model is based on the Coulomb [1] friction and assumes that the pressure is proportional to the tangential stress and related to it by a friction parameter. The friction parameter depends on a dimensionless inertial number I which describes the macroscopic and microscopic timescales of the particle rearrangement. Barker et al. [2] showed that the constitutive equations of the μ (I)-rheology are ill-posed for low and high inertial number regimes. This often results in instabilities, oscillations and high sensitivity of the solution to input parameters. We apply a partial regularization proposed by Barker and Gray [3] for a finite element simulation of a 2D and 3D column collapse with the intention to get stable results and show the disadvantageous outcome of ill-posed constitutive equations. Here, we use a Navier-Stokes solver and the volume-of-fluid method to describe the interface between a dense granular column and a light surrounding fluid. The implementation is done in libMesh using the residual-based variational multiscale method. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the partial regularization on the computational simulation of a column collapse using the finite element method. We observe that the viscosity field using the partially well-posed regularized formulation of the μ (I)-rheology by Barker and Gray [3] has a smoother distribution and no spurious oscillations or shear bands, even in simulations with high density and viscosity contrasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patent application from Children's Medical Center Corporation describes a new technique for detecting biomarkers, such as cancer biomarkers, in bodily fluids. The method uses nanoswitches, which are nucleic acid constructs that change shape when they bind to a specific analyte. The nanoswitches are attached to a solid surface and their shape changes are measured by stretching them under force. This technique has been shown to have very high sensitivity and has successfully detected prostate-specific antigen in blood samples. The method can be used to detect analytes in complex biological fluids and offers a low background detection. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Haripur in Pakistan discusses the research on nanofluids and their applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, food preparation, and chemotherapy. The study highlights the limitations of existing models in capturing the behavior of nanoparticles in complex fluids and proposes more complex models to address this issue. The research focuses on examining the heat-mass transfer properties of nanofluids and the effect of hybrid nanoparticles on blood flow. The study concludes that the diffusion parameter and the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles have significant effects on the behavior of nanofluids. [Extracted from the article]

A recent experiment has provided an answer to a physics puzzle involving spinning lawn sprinklers. The puzzle revolves around what happens when a sprinkler, which normally spins away from the escaping water due to conservation of angular momentum, is placed in a tank of water and sucks the water in. Different physicists have argued that it should either spin in the opposite direction or not move at all. The experiment conducted by Leif Ristroph and his team at New York University revealed that the sprinkler does indeed spin in the opposite direction when run in reverse. This is due to the asymmetry created by the flow of water through the curved arms of the sprinkler. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application by inventors from Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute has been made available online. The patent application describes a composition for improving the solubility of poorly soluble substances, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, by using cyclodextrin and/or its derivatives, water-soluble polymers, and water-soluble stabilizers like caffeine. The application also discusses complex formulations and liquid formulations of active ingredients using this composition. The technology aims to enhance the inclusion effects of cyclodextrin and drugs, addressing the challenge of low solubility and potential toxicity associated with high cyclodextrin usage. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Ohio State University examined the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following abdominal wall hernia repair. The study found that 21.2% of patients experienced AKI, and identified several factors associated with its development, including ASA score >2, hypertension, higher baseline creatinine levels, and diabetes. Longer operative time was also found to be an independent predictor of AKI. The researchers concluded that perioperative management for high-risk patients should be flexible and may require adjustments to enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. [Extracted from the article]

The properties of multicomponent fluids are governed by the interplay of phase behavior, fluid dynamics, and interfacial thermodynamics. A mixture formulation that leverages this interplay is an important aspect in many fabrication processes based on emulsion templating. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has become a popular approach for simulating hydrodynamic effects in complex fluids and soft matter. Here we present an implementation of a ternary lattice Boltzmann model that allows to simulate a mixture of three immiscible fluids. We build on the LATBOLTZ extension of the open-source package LAMMPS and implement a ternary free energy model recently introduced by Semprebon et al. [Phys. Rev. E 93, 033305 (2016)]. We validate the static and dynamic properties by simulating liquid lenses, double emulsions, and ternary mixtures. From the simulations, we obtain the complete morphology diagram of the ternary mixture in composition space. We further discuss an application of the method to phase segregation of ternary films. The implementation of the ternary LBM in LAMMPS opens vast opportunities for mesoscale simulations of interfacial phenomena and non-equilibrium transport processes in multicomponent fluid mixtures. Program Title: fix lb/multicomponent CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/gn8znmyxrh.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/uschille/lammps/tree/ternary-lbm Licensing provisions: GPLv2 Programming language: C++ Journal reference of previous version: C. Denniston, N. Afrasiabian, M.G. Cole-André, F.E. Mackay, S.T.T Ollila, T. Whitehead. LAMMPS lb/fluid fix version 2: Improved hydrodynamics forces implemented into LAMMPS through a lattice-Boltzmann fluid. Comput. Phys. Commun. 275 , 108318 (2022). Does the new version supersede the previous version?: No Reasons for the new version: The lb/multicomponent fix provides new capabilities for simulating ternary fluid mixtures. Summary of revisions: An implementation of the ternary free-energy lattice Boltzmann model [1] has been added to the LATBOLTZ extension of LAMMPS. The new functionality is available through the script command fix lb/multicomponent. Nature of problem: Multicomponent fluids involve non-local interactions that give rise to fluid-fluid surface tension and a non-ideal pressure tensor. This requires a modification of the standard lattice Boltzmann method. Solution method: The implementation extends the existing lattice Boltzmann code in LAMMPS [2] and introduces data structures and methods for the ternary algorithm introduced in [1]. The code carries out the streaming and collision steps for three fluid components using the appropriate equilibrium distributions. The equilibrium distribution is calculated based on thermodynamic quantities derived from the free energy. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The current version of the lb/multicomponent fix is restricted to the D3Q19 lattice. [1] C. Semprebon, T. Krüger, H. Kusumaatmaja. Ternary free-energy lattice Boltzmann model with tunable surface tensions and contact angles. Phys. Rev. E 93 , 033305 (2016). [2] C. Denniston, N. Afrasiabian, M. G. Cole-André, F. E. Mackay, S. T. T. Ollila, T. Whitehead. LAMMPS lb/fluid fix version 2: Improved hydrodynamic forces implemented into LAMMPS through a lattice-Boltzmann fluid. Comput. Phys. Commun. 275 , 108318 (2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers from Montana State University have conducted a study on large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) in complex fluids. They used rheo-nuclear magnetic resonance (Rheo-NMR) velocimetry to measure the spatial velocity distribution during LAOS. This technique allows for the measurement of time-dependent spatially resolved local velocity time series, providing insights into the material response. The research findings have been published in the journal Physics of Fluids. [Extracted from the article]

The motion of ions in the complex fluids widely appears in biofluids, hydrodynamics, geodynamics and geophysics. Performing efficient and accurate computation for electrohydrodynamic flows is challenging due to the multiphysics and complex nature of the problem. In this paper, we describe a new second-order linear energy stable time-stepping scheme for a variable density electrohydrodynamic power-law model, which satisfies an energy dissipation law. Firstly, a square root transformation for the fluid density and a logarithmic transformation for the electrical conductivity are used to enforce the positivity-preserving property for these two physical parameters. Secondly, by using the zero energy contribution property of the nonlinear coupling terms in the model and introducing a nonlocal auxiliary variable, an equivalent continuous formulation of the model is obtained. Finally, a two-step backward differentiation scheme is proposed for the resulting equivalent model to construct the time-stepping scheme, and the finite element method is used for spatial discretization. The scheme is proved to be unconditionally energy stable and a nonlocal splitting technique can be utilized to yield several linear subsystems, which can be solved more easily. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the scheme. The dispersion of electrical conductivity and the effect of electrical force on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability are studied for both shear-thinning and shear-thicking fluids. • The proposed scheme obeys an energy dissipation law at the fully discrete level. • The proposed scheme is a linear, second-order accurate in time and unconditionally energy stable. • The proposed scheme can be split into linear subsystems and solved efficiently at each time step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As 3D printing has matured, the use of more complex materials has increased. In particular, particle-functionalized inks are now relatively wide-spread. Because of the desire to have faster throughput for industrial-scale printing, electrically-driven flow of such materials is being pursued. In many cases, such fluids consist of an electrically-neutral base solvent with embedded charged particles. As one increases the volume fraction of particles, two effects effects arise: (1) an increase in effective overall viscosity fluid and (2) an increase in the induced electrical force that can be applied. In the present analysis, the governing equations for the required pressure gradient in a pipe to move the fluid with a constant flow rate are derived. A key nondimensional scaling ratio governing the relative contribution of electrical and viscous fluid forces to the system behavior is also identified. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosensors, Biotechnology, Cancer, Cancer Detection, Health and Medicine, Nanotechnology, Oncology Keywords: Biosensors; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cancer Detection; Health and Medicine; Nanotechnology; Oncology EN Biosensors Biotechnology Cancer Cancer Detection Health and Medicine Nanotechnology Oncology 96 96 1 06/19/23 20230625 NES 230625 2023 JUN 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Investigators publish new report on biosensors. [Extracted from the article]

Russia's PhosAgro has started supplying its liquid complex fertilizer (LCF) to Azerbaijan, Andrey Vovk, CEO of PhosAgro-Region (Belgorod), which supplies PhosAgro fertilizers to Azerbaijan, told Trend. Vovk also said that the Russian market annually consumes more than 50,000 tons of PhosAgro housing and communal services, and the demand for it continues to grow. [Extracted from the article]

A Volume of Solid (VOS) based Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) in the framework of the direct forcing based IB-LBM model has been developed in this work to simulate the fluid flow with complex and moving boundaries efficiently. In the present model, the concept of VOS is introduced to achieve the field extension to the solid phase, and a unified Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) has been obtained to describe the fluid flow and the solid body motion consistently. To solve the resulting unified LBE, an efficient direct forcing model has been developed. Compared with the traditional surface based IB model with the direct forcing strategy, in the present work, the dependency of the Lagrangian grid to describe the body profile on the background Cartesian grid is removed by modelling the solid body with a Level-Set function. With such Level-Set description about the body surface, the VOS function can be obtained for the further field extension. With the present IB-LBM algorithm, the motion of the solid body can be enforced effectively without iterations about the forcing term compared with the implicit velocity correction or multiple velocity correction based IB algorithm, and flow penetration, which has been observed in the explicit velocity correction based IB model, can be reduced considerably. To achieve the velocity adjustment in the solid phase, an optimal forcing factor is recommended. With such optimal factor, the unphysical oscillation during force prediction can be well controlled. To verify the performance of the present model, a series of typical benchmarks, including the fluid flow caused by general shaped fixed or moving structures, hydrodynamic characteristics of thin-wall bodies undergoing specified motions and even more complex vortex induced vibrations, are conducted and the good agreements between the present results and the well-validated previous ones confirm the reliability and robustness of the present model. • A VOS based diffused interface Immersed Boundary model is developed. • Extension of Lattice Boltzmann equation to solid phase is achieved. • Development of an indirect loading prediction model without surface integral. • Demonstration on various Fluid–Structure Interaction problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to news reporting originating from Milan, Italy, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Tumor mutation profiling from a blood sample, known as liquid biopsy, is a reality that has already been approved for some cancers." Keywords: Genetics; Life Sciences EN Genetics Life Sciences 1295 1295 1 04/10/23 20230414 NES 230414 2023 APR 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in genetics. [Extracted from the article]

In view of distribution according to complex fluid network’s needs, this paper proposed one optimization computation method of the nonlinear programming mathematical model based on genetic algorithm. The simulation result shows that the overall energy consumption of the optimized fluid network has a decrease obviously. The control model of the fluid network is established based on nonlinear dynamics. We design the control law based on feedback linearization, take the optimal value by genetic algorithm as the simulation data, can also solve the branch resistance under the optimal value. These resistances can provide technical support and reference for fluid network design and construction, so can realize complex fluid network optimization and control integration design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Uppsala; Sweden; Europe; Angiology; Biomarkers; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Diagnostics and Screening; Health and Medicine; Spinal Cord Injury; Surgery EN Uppsala Sweden Europe Angiology Biomarkers Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Diagnostics and Screening Health and Medicine Spinal Cord Injury Surgery 310 310 1 03/23/23 20230324 NES 230324 2023 MAR 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- A new study on Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions - Spinal Cord Injury is now available. Prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, used to decrease lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, enables monitoring of CSF biomarkers that may aid in detecting impending SCI.". [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biochemicals; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Business; Chemicals; Children's Medical Center Corporation; Diagnostics and Screening; Emerging Technologies; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Nanoswitches; Nanotechnology EN Biochemicals Biochemistry Biomarkers Business Chemicals Children's Medical Center Corporation Diagnostics and Screening Emerging Technologies Genetics Health and Medicine Nanoswitches Nanotechnology 2499 2499 1 03/23/23 20230324 NES 230324 2023 MAR 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Children's Medical Center Corporation (Boston, Massachusetts, United States) has been issued patent number 11591636, according to news reporting originating out of Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx editors. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte-binding agents are antibodies or antigen-binding antibody fragments. The method of claim 18, wherein the first analyte-binding agent is coupled to the bead with a nucleic acid. [Extracted from the article]

A method to represent complex flow structures as geometric entities, using the medial axis for the purpose of generating flow feature-aligned meshes, is presented. The medial curves representing the flow features are embedded in the domain to guide mesh alignment and location of background sources, which influence element spacing and orientation when the mesh is regenerated. The resulting meshes possess regions of high-quality anisotropic quadrilateral elements locally aligned with the flow features. To further optimise the mesh based on the solution, a nodal movement adaptation scheme is applied which allows full alignment of the cell interfaces with the flow features, making the mesh more suitable for the one-dimensional approximate Riemann solvers and higher-order reconstruction schemes. The technique and its potential for improving the numerical simulation is presented for a range of test cases for the solution of the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations for compressible flows, which include shock waves, boundary layers and steady trailing wakes as the dominant flow features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new control volume solvers multiFluidInterFoam and rheoMultiFluidInterFoam are presented for the simulation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian n-phase flows (n ≥ 2), respectively, fully accounting for interfacial tension and contact-angle effects for each phase. The multiFluidInterFoam solver modifies certain crucial aspects of the regular multiphaseInterFoam solver provided by OpenFOAM for Newtonian flows, improving its efficiency and robustness, but most importantly improving considerably its accuracy for surface tension driven flows. The new solver uses the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method based on the MULES method and artificial interface compression for the interface capturing, in combination with a suitable continuum surface force model; i.e. the interfacial tension coefficient decomposition method is employed to treat pairings of interfacial tension between the phases. VOF smoothing is also implemented by applying a Laplacian filter on the distribution of volume fractions, and the SIMPLEC algorithm is employed for the velocity–pressure coupling. The above algorithm has also been extended with the development of the rheoMultiFluidInterFoam solver which is capable of fully taking into account complex non-Newtonian effects (e.g. yield stress, viscoelasticity, etc.) of the involved liquids. To this end, the developed solver incorporates the RheoTool toolbox (Pimenta and Alves, 2017), utilizing a wealth of constitutive equations suitable for modeling different types of fluids with complex rheology. Our solvers are tested for both the implementation of the surface tension and of the constitutive equations in a wide range of different flow setups, considering typical benchmark two-phase and three-phase flows, such as the cases of dam break with an obstacle, spreading of a floating lens, a levitating drop, and a bubble rising in an ambient fluid; flows involving Newtonian, viscoplastic and viscoelastic liquids have been considered. Comparisons against analytical solutions or previously published numerical data are performed clearly demonstrating the capability of the new solvers to efficiently and accurately simulate interfacial tension dominated three-phase flows (and n-phase flows in general) for both simple and complex liquids. • Two new OpenFOAM solvers are presented for the simulation of n-phase flows (n ≥ 2). • Both solvers are able to accurately solve flows driven by surface tension. • The multiFluidInterFoam handles the simulation of Newtonian n-phase flows. • The rheoMultiFluidInterFoam handles the simulation of non-Newtonian n-phase flows. • Multiphase flows with viscoelastic effects and/or yield stress are handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a first-order action functional for a large class of systems that generalize the relativistic perfect fuids in the Kähler parametrization to noncommutative spacetimes. The noncommutative action is parametrized by two arbitrary functions K(z, z̄) and f(√-j²) that depend on the fluid potentials and represent the generalization of the Kähler potential of the complex surface parametrized by z and z̄, respectively, and the characteristic function of each model. We calculate the equations of motion for the fluid potentials and the energy-momentum tensor in the first order in the noncommutative parameter. The density current does not receive any noncommutative corrections and it is conserved under the action of the commutative generators Pμ, but the energy-momentum tensor is not. Therefore, we determine the set of constraints under which the energy-momentum tensor is divergenceless. Another set of constraints on the fluid potentials is obtained from the requirement of the invariance of the action under the generalization of the volume preserving transformations of the noncommutative spacetime. We show that the proposed action describes noncommutative fluid models by casting the energy-momentum tensor in the familiar fluid form and identifying the corresponding energy and momentum densities. In the commutatwe limit, they are identical to the corresponding quantities of the relativistic perfect fluids. The energy-momentum tensor contains a dissipative term that is due to the noncommutative spacetime and vanishes in the commutative limit. Finally, we particularize the theory to the case when the complex fluid potentials are characterized by a function K(z, z̄) that is a deformation of the complex plane and show that this model has important common features with the commutative fluid such as infinitely many conserved currents and a conserved axial current that in the commutative case is associated to the topologically conserved linking number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Trust generation by flapping wing is a complex fluid phenomenon involving unsteady effects. The work discusses a Boundary Element Method (BEM) based computer model for the analysis of hydrodynamic forces on flapping foil. The specific focus is on the wake model and its effects on the generated thrust. An unsteady formulation of the Kutta condition, assuming finite pressure difference at the trailing edge of the moving foil, was implemented in the numerical procedure to account for the shedding of trailing-edge vortical structures. It is shown that the numerical results depend strongly on the choice of the wake model, especially at large oscillation frequencies. However, the model of the thrust-producing jet (due to the trailing-edge pressure differences) predicts accurately the thrust trend as a function of the oscillation frequency. In other words, the numerical results show the need of experimental data in order to choose the appropriate wake model. An experimental validation of the numerical method is proposed on the basis of recent experimental results that clearly show the time lag between the foil vertical acceleration and generated thrust as predicted by the model. This proves the point that the unsteady BEM approach to these problems is physically sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present a new numerical method for the simulation of the flow of complex fluids with internal microstructure that is described by a second order, positive definite, internal structural parameter, so that its positive definiteness is preserved in the simulations. An example of such an internal structural parameter is the conformation tensor, used in the modeling of viscoelastic flows, which characterizes the flow-induced molecular deformation. Numerical methods that guarantee the preservation of the positive definiteness of the conformation tensor help both the physical interpretation of the results and the numerical stability of the simulations. The new method presented here is based on the log-conformation representation of a second order tensor. It is implemented through the application of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem for second order tensors. When necessary, we also use an additional mapping that ensures the boundness of the conformation tensor. This approach has been applied in Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of viscoelastic turbulent channel flow, which has received great attention since the mid 1990s with ultimate goal to understand the phenomenon of maximum drag reduction. The algorithm uses a full 3D spectral representation of the spatial dependence for the flow and conformation variables and a second order accurate backward differentiation formula for the integration of the governing equations in time. The key issue for the successful implementation of the proposed scheme is a second order finite difference multigrid diffusion applied to the conformation field. Numerical diffusion has been always added to the hyperbolic evolution equations for the conformation tensor in spectral DNS of viscoelastic turbulent flows in order to remove a-physical high wavenumber instabilities induced due to the chaotic nature of the flow. The main advantage of the finite-difference implementation (as opposed to a spectral implementation as done before) is that it allows for the preservation of the positive definiteness of the conformation tensor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

When simple or complex fluids are confined to ultrathin films or channels or other cavities of nanoscopic linear dimensions, the interplay of finite size and surface controls the phase behavior, and may lead to phase transitions rather different from the corresponding phenomena in the bulk. Monte Carlo simulation is a very suitable tool to clarify the complex behavior of such systems, since the boundary conditions providing the confinement can be controlled and arbitrarily varied, and detailed structural information on the inhomogeneous states of the considered systems is available. Examples used to illustrate these concepts include simple Ising models in pores and double-pyramid-shaped cavities with competing surface fields, where novel types of interface localization–delocalization phenomena occur accompanied by “macroscopic” fluctuations, and colloid-polymer mixtures confined in slit pores. Finite size scaling concepts are shown to be a useful tool also for such systems “in between” the dimensionalities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article explains enterprise crowdsolving as a way to transform the workplace during crisis and confront challenges. Questions to ponder on to assess one's approach to transforming the workplace include whether insights are gathered through meetings, email, surveys or shared spreadsheets and learning from people closest to the problems. Strategies that enable crowdsolving in real time include forming an extended team of frontline managers and identification of problems with real-time data.

Abstract: An improved approach to updating the electric field in simulations of Coulomb gases using the local lattice technique introduced by Maggs and Rossetto [A.C. Maggs, V. Rossetto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 196402] is described and tested. Using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) an independent configuration of electric fields subject to Gauss'' law constraint can be generated in a single update step. This FFT based method is shown to outperform previous approaches to updating the electric field in the simulation of a basic test problem in electrostatics of strongly correlated systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]