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The article focuses on a retrospective cohort study investigating the association between preoperative urine culture testing and postoperative infection risk in noncardiac, nonurological surgical patients. Topics discussed include the methodology and findings of the study, the lack of significant decrease in postoperative infections with preoperative urine culture testing, and the importance of diagnostic stewardship to limit inappropriate testing.

The article discusses a multicenter prospective lymph node mapping study in 290 patients that included removing lymph nodes in the true pelvis, as well as lymph nodes up to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). Topics include trials done to determine whether there is a therapeutic benefit of an extended lymph node dissection (LND) compared with a standard LND, study limitations, and recommendations on a standard LND.

The article explores the state of bladder-preserving therapies for the treatment of localized, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Topics discussed include the gold standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic MIBC, the selection of patients for bladder preservation in MIBC, and the importance of the components of a therapy regimen to achieve success in organ-preserving MIBC treatment.

A report from the University of Bern in Switzerland discusses the importance of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in reducing surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing cystectomy with urinary diversion. The study aimed to establish the noninferiority of 24-hour PAP compared to extended-duration PAP in preventing SSIs within 90 days post-surgery. Results showed that 24-hour PAP was noninferior to extended PAP in preventing SSIs, contributing to antibiotic stewardship efforts in urology. The research was supported by Bern University Hospital and published in JAMA Network Open. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in China focused on the treatment and survival outcomes of non-metastatic small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB). The research included 20 patients with localized or locally advanced disease who received various treatments such as chemotherapy, partial cystectomy, and radical cystectomy. The study highlighted the importance of chemotherapy in treating SCCB and showed promising survival outcomes for patients who underwent radical cystectomy or radiotherapy. This study, which reported the largest cohort of non-metastatic SCCB among the Chinese population, provides valuable insights into the management of this rare and highly malignant tumor. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University in China compared the outcomes of intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) and extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The study, which included 5,370 patients, found that ICUD resulted in reduced intraoperative bleeding volume, decreased risk of blood transfusion and gastrointestinal complications, and shorter postoperative recovery times compared to ECUD. However, ICUD was associated with a longer surgical duration. The researchers concluded that ICUD after robot-assisted radical cystectomy showed positive effects and called for further high-quality studies to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of California Irvine discusses the role of maximal debulking transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in managing non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as part of a bladder-preserving approach. While radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for MIBC, bladder-preserving therapies like TURBT and chemoradiation offer alternatives for patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery. However, TURBT carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and bladder perforation, highlighting the need for individualized treatment plans and further research to optimize patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Karolinska Institute conducted a qualitative study to explore patients' experiences of an exercise intervention in primary care following robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The study found that patients faced challenges in adapting to new circumstances and optimizing conditions for rehabilitation, but were motivated to return to normal life. Patients emphasized the importance of a supportive environment and guidance from healthcare professionals to facilitate their engagement in physical exercise post-surgery. The findings suggest the need to enhance conditions and support systems to promote patients' ability to participate in exercise programs following radical cystectomy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Ottawa Hospital in Canada examined the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) during radical cystectomy surgeries for bladder cancer patients. The study aimed to determine if TXA could reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions post-surgery. However, the results showed that TXA did not significantly decrease the number of transfusions required, leading researchers to not recommend routine use of TXA during these surgeries. This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and was published in JAMA Surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital focused on long-term outcomes of chemoradiation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in patients who were not candidates for cystectomy. The study involved two groups of patients receiving different treatment protocols, with varying rates of treatment-related adverse events and survival outcomes. The research concluded that most patients tolerated the treatment well, maintained their bladders, and showed a significant treatment response rate. The study was supported by the NIH National Cancer Institute and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Army Medical University researchers have developed the LESS-OPEN concept for ovarian cystectomy, combining single-port laparoscopy with open surgery to improve aesthetic outcomes and preserve ovarian function. This innovative technique has shown significant efficacy in treating ovarian cysts and includes a scoring system to predict feasibility and an indication system to guide surgical approaches. The research aims to discuss the application and future prospects of the LESS-OPEN technique in ovarian cystectomy, providing valuable insights for surgeons in this field. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at George Washington University focused on the oncologic outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and lymph node dissection with partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The study found that incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic lymph node dissection with partial cystectomy significantly improved overall survival rates for patients with bladder cancer. The research highlighted disparities in the receipt of pelvic lymph node dissection based on gender, indicating the need for further investigation in this area. The study emphasized the importance of following recommended treatments for muscle-invasive bladder cancer to improve patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for peptides, a combination of peptides, and cell-based medicaments for use in immunotherapy against urinary bladder cancer and other cancers. Bladder cancer is described in detail, including its types, stages, treatment options, and survival rates. The patent focuses on a peptide sequence and its variants that bind to MHC and induce T cells, potentially offering new avenues for immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Stanford University in California examined the presence and implications of adipose tissue in urinary bladder biopsies and transurethral resection specimens. The study found that adipose tissue was commonly found in these specimens, primarily in the lamina propria and sometimes extending into the muscularis propria. However, the presence of tumor "invading" fat in these specimens does not necessarily indicate advanced disease. The researchers emphasized the need for standardized reporting practices and the importance of reserving pathologic staging for cystectomy specimens. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital in Hunan, China, explored the therapeutic effectiveness of music therapy in post-laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy patients. The study compared two groups of patients: one receiving standard clinical treatment and the other receiving music therapy alongside routine care. The results showed that the group receiving music therapy had significantly lower levels of psychological stress and pain, as well as higher overall satisfaction. This study suggests that music therapy can be beneficial in reducing stress, pain, and improving mood in patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on bladder cancer treatment at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on eligibility for a vaginal-sparing cystectomy. The researchers retrospectively reviewed 89 female patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent NAC and radical cystectomy. The results showed that while clinical upstaging after NAC was infrequent, 5% of patients with trigonal bladder cancer were rendered ineligible for vaginal-sparing cystectomy due to progression. The study suggests that interim imaging assessment may help identify non-responders and preserve eligibility for vaginal-sparing surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Houston Methodist Hospital examined the outcomes of open cystectomy versus robotic-assisted cystectomy for bladder cancer patients. The researchers used the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACSNSQIP) Cystectomy-Targeted database from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate the association between surgical modality and the risk of 30-day complications. The study found that robotic-assisted cystectomy was associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality and had favorable outcomes in terms of respiratory, deep venous thrombosis, wound complications, and length of stay. The researchers concluded that increased adoption of robotic-assisted cystectomy could provide clinical benefits. [Extracted from the article]

A new report published by investigators from Atrium Health in Charlotte, North Carolina explores the relationship between non-narcotic medications and postoperative opioid use in radical cystectomy patients. The study aimed to understand the impact of individual non-narcotic analgesics on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for cystectomy patients. The researchers found that compliance with postoperative ketorolac was associated with lower milligram morphine equivalent (MME) narcotic scores on postoperative days 1 and 2, as well as lower pain scores. However, compliance with gabapentin and acetaminophen did not show similar associations. The study suggests that further research is needed to clarify the role of these medications for cystectomy patients. [Extracted from the article]

Johnson & Johnson has announced interim data from the Phase 2 SunRISe-4 study, showing that neoadjuvant treatment with TAR-200 plus cetrelimab nearly doubled the pathological complete response (pCR) rate compared to cetrelimab alone in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are ineligible or refuse platinum-based chemotherapy. The study found that TAR-200 plus cetrelimab achieved a pCR rate of 42 percent, compared to 23 percent with cetrelimab alone. In addition, TAR-200 plus cetrelimab showed potential for improving surgical outcomes and reducing the risk of recurrence in patients with organ-confined disease. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in both treatment groups, with the majority being Grade 1-2. The study suggests that TAR-200 plus cetrelimab could potentially change the local treatment of MIBC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China has found that same-day discharge after vaginal natural orifice transvaginal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) for benign ovarian cysts is safe and feasible. The study included 213 patients who underwent vNOTES for ovarian cystectomy, and they were divided into a same-day surgery group and an inpatient surgery group. The results showed that same-day discharge shortened the exhaust time and duration of hospitalization, reduced postoperative pain, and lowered the use of analgesic drugs. This pilot study suggests that vNOTES combined with same-day discharge can be an effective approach for the treatment of benign ovarian cysts. [Extracted from the article]

Immunotherapy has shown promise in improving long-term survival rates for patients with various types of cancer. Clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy given before and after surgery can lead to improved survival in women with triple negative breast cancer and patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Additionally, a phase 3 trial showed that combination immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab resulted in long-term survival benefits for patients with advanced melanoma. These findings suggest that immunotherapy has the potential to cure certain types of cancer and transform the prognosis for patients. However, there is still a need for further research to understand why some patients develop resistance to immunotherapy and how to overcome it. [Extracted from the article]

An interview with Dr. Sophia C. Kamran, a radiation oncologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and an assistant professor of radiation oncology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, is presented. Kamran discusses the status of bladder preservation in 2023, the optimal candidates for the strategy of bladder preservation, and oncologic outcomes associated with bladder preservation and trimodal therapy.

Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH has been granted a patent for peptides and cell-based medicaments that can be used in immunotherapy for urinary bladder cancer and other cancers. The patent explains the different types and stages of bladder cancer, as well as the standard treatments available. The invention focuses on a peptide sequence that can bind to MHC and stimulate T cells that react with the peptide, potentially aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. The patent also mentions the use of adjuvants and pegylation in the composition of the peptides. This article provides a summary of various topics related to surgery, genetics, oncology, and bladder cancer, presenting research on cystectomy, immunology, lymph nodes, chemotherapy, bone research, immunotherapy, urinary diversion, papillary cancer, drugs and therapies, post-trial research, and risk and prevention. It is a fact-based report that aims to deliver news on research and discoveries from around the world. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from An-Najah National University explores the complications that can arise from inadequate surgical interventions for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The study highlights the case of a 17-year-old sexually inactive female who experienced concurrent tubo-ovarian abscess, acute cystitis, and pancolitis following laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. While PID and its complications are well-documented, the simultaneous occurrence of acute cystitis and pancolitis in this context is unprecedented in medical literature. The study emphasizes the importance of considering diverse and severe complications in individuals with a history of gynecological surgeries and calls for further research and awareness in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine have conducted a study on the effects of perioperative fluid management on endothelial glycocalyx in radical cystectomy surgery. The study compared the effects of liberal and restrictive fluid therapies on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release and glycocalyx degradation products. The results showed that ANP, hyaluronan, and syndecan-1 concentrations can be used as indicators of endothelial glycocalyx damage and hypervolemia in major urologic surgeries. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring was found to be ineffective for confirming hypervolemia. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) have conducted a study on the perioperative and extended outcomes of patients undergoing parastomal hernia repair following cystectomy and ileal conduit. The study included 36 patients with a median age of 79 years. The researchers found that 47% of patients experienced a recurrence of hernia following repair, with a median follow-up time of 2 years. The study also found that there was no significant difference in recurrence rates based on repair technique or the use of open or minimally invasive approaches. This research provides valuable insights into the outcomes of parastomal hernia repair in this patient population. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06564363, is being conducted to determine the efficacy of the IUrisure test in detecting recurrent urothelial carcinoma. The trial aims to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the IUrisure test to the gold standard methods of cystoscopy and pathology. The study is currently recruiting patients and is expected to be completed by September 30, 2025. The trial is being conducted by Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Co., Ltd in China. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of drug gemcitabine/cisplatin plus cemiplimab, with or without fianlimab, in treating bladder cancer. It explains that participants are randomly assigned to receive either the full regimen or a combination without fianlimab, followed by a series of treatments and evaluations, including repeat tumor resections and imaging.

A patent has been issued for methods of treating tumor metastasis. The patent describes a method of locally delivering a chemotherapeutic agent, such as gemcitabine, to the bladder for a prolonged period of time to treat or suppress tumor metastasis at a site distinct from the bladder. The method has shown an extraordinary antitumor effect and can be used to treat non-bladder tumors as well. The patent also includes definitions and claims related to inducing an immune response against tumor cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Cornell University explores the pathophysiology and clinical implications of ovarian endometriomas. Ovarian endometriomas, which are associated with endometriosis, often require surgical management for diagnosis and treatment. The study highlights the impact of endometriomas on quality of life, fertility, and the risk of malignancy. Laparoscopic surgery, specifically ovarian cystectomy, is the preferred method for diagnosis and treatment. The researchers suggest that further investigation is needed to fully understand the optimal management, fertility consequences, and malignant potential of endometriomas based on size and phenotype. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Rutgers University - The State University of New Jersey highlights the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines on perioperative care for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). The study analyzed data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and found that increased compliance with contemporary perioperative care measures was associated with lower odds of complications, shorter hospital stays, and improved outcomes. The research supports the efficacy of ERAS protocols in reducing morbidity associated with RC. This information is valuable for library patrons researching perioperative care and surgical procedures. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses recent research on bladder cancer, specifically focusing on the challenges of diagnosing and treating primary exophytic urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder. Topics discussed include the rarity and diagnostic difficulties of exophytic UC, the effectiveness of partial cystectomy as a treatment, and the importance of regular imaging tests for early detection in high-risk individuals.

A study conducted at CHA University evaluated the learning curves and surgical outcomes of three minimally invasive surgical techniques for ovarian cystectomy: DaVinci Robotic Single-Site (RSS), DaVinci Robotic Single-Port (RSP), and laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). The study found that RSP had a faster and more consistent learning curve in terms of docking and console times, while LESS had shorter operative times but with higher variability. These findings are important for surgical training and resource allocation in medical institutions. The study provides insights into the effectiveness and proficiency development of these techniques. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Karolinska Institute examined the effects of a physical exercise program in primary care for patients with urinary bladder cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy. The intervention group participated in supervised exercise sessions twice a week for 12 weeks, while the control group engaged in unsupervised home-based exercise. The study found that both groups showed improvements in physical function, but the intervention group experienced additional benefits in terms of physical activity, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. The findings suggest that exercise in primary care after discharge from the hospital could be a promising approach for patients with bladder cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from the Department of Urology in New York City analyzed the outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy and colonic diversion in patients. The study found that there was a high rate of postoperative complications, readmissions, and reoperations, but these rates were consistent with other studies. Female gender, diabetes, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, prior radiation, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of complications and reoperations. The study suggests that enhanced preoperative management may benefit patients in minimizing complications. [Extracted from the article]

A new study from the Miami Cancer Institute examines the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with radical cystectomy (RC) in octogenarians with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The study found that NAC with RC may improve overall survival (OS) in healthy octogenarians with MIBC. Additionally, patients who responded to NAC had better OS compared to non-responders. The study used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and included 3,056 octogenarians who underwent RC between 2004 and 2018. The findings suggest that NAC with RC may be a beneficial treatment option for octogenarians with MIBC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Yale University School of Medicine examined the risk factors and treatment of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). The study found that SSI is a significant cause of peri-operative morbidity in RC patients. Factors such as body mass index (BMI) were identified as independent risk factors for SSI, while the type of surgical procedure (robotic versus open) did not predict SSI. The study also found that the management of SSI varied depending on the classification by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Sapienza University of Rome examined the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on perioperative outcomes and healthcare costs in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). The researchers analyzed data from patients with a history of VTE who underwent open or minimally invasive RC between 2007 and 2021. The study found that preoperative VTE was strongly associated with worse postoperative outcomes, including higher risk for complications, new VTE events, rehospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. These findings can help inform patient counseling and improve risk mitigation strategies for bladder cancer surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Department of Surgery has found that partial cystectomy can be an effective treatment option for muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. SCC is a rare form of bladder cancer that primarily affects individuals in Africa. Unlike other types of bladder cancer, SCC is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. The study reported a favorable outcome for a patient who underwent open surgery for partial cystectomy, with good surgical outcomes and no symptoms at the 12-month follow-up. Lifelong follow-up with cystoscopy is recommended due to the possibility of late recurrence. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland explored the use of risk scoring tools in predicting cancer-specific survival for patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. The study found that the accuracy of the AJCC staging system in predicting cancer-specific mortality was low and could be improved by incorporating additional factors such as comorbidity index, smoking history, and inflammatory indices. The research suggests that a more comprehensive approach to risk assessment could enhance the prognostic value of these scoring tools. [Extracted from the article]

A feasibility study conducted by the Department of Urology in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, explored the use of surgeon-administered, ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (SU-TAP) blocks during radical cystectomy as a method of perioperative pain management. The study found that SU-TAP blocks were a practical, efficient, and safe method of regional anesthesia, with a decrease in opioid consumption among patients. The researchers suggest that SU-TAP blocks should be considered in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for radical cystectomy. Further comparative studies on opioid consumption and alternative block techniques are recommended. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Beijing Hospital examined the use of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) as a treatment option for ovarian cysts. The study found that vNOTES was not inferior to conventional laparoscopy (CL) in terms of adnexectomy or ovarian cystectomy. vNOTES was shown to be a safe and minimally invasive approach, resulting in reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and no visible incisions. The study suggests that vNOTES can be considered as a feasible and less invasive treatment option for benign adnexal disease. [Extracted from the article]