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An Island-Ohmic $p$ -GaN gate (IO-PGaN) structure is proposed and fabricated on a GaN-on-Si wafer. Compared to the conventional Schottky- gate $p$ -GaN HEMTs, the “floating” $p$ -GaN layer is connected with the gate terminal via the heavily doped ${p}^{+}$ -GaN island in the IO-PGaN devices. A JFET-like structure formed by the Schottky-metal/ $p$ -GaN junction delivers a self-limited gate leakage. The proposed IO-PGaN HEMT alleviates the performance trade-off between the Ohmic- and Schottky gate technologies, delivering a limited gate leakage and a stable ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ under gate/drain voltage stress conditions. Moreover, a TCAD simulation result and an energy band diagram are provided to illuminate the principle of enhanced ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ stability of IO-PGaN devices.

This brief presents a compact (5mm $\times 56$ mm) and ultra-wideband directional coupler fabricated by copper additive manufacturing. The coupler is directly synthesized through the even/odd mode extraction algorithm and realized from a pair of coupled air-filled rectangular coaxial lines with working frequency of 0.22-26.5GHz (usable to 10MHz). Periodically loaded polymer strips are embedded with the air-filled coaxial lines to support the inner conductor but this strips also deteriorate the directivity of the coupler. To alleviate this, a special arrangement of the polymer strips is proposed to decrease the unwanted coupling through the strips. As an example, a 27 $^{\mathrm{ th}}$ -order coupler is designed and fabricated, the simulated and measured results have good agreement, showing 20dB of return loss (RL) at all ports, 17dB of coupling, <1.33dB insertion loss (IL), >120 times of frequency ratio and 10-20dB of directivity.

Germanium arsenic (GeAs) as a promising two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting material has attracted extensive attention. The high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap of GeAs offer broad prospects in electronic and optoelectronic device-related applications. The unique intrinsic anisotropy arising from the low-symmetry structure can be applied in the design of new devices. However, the rapid degradation of mechanically exfoliated GeAs in the environment poses a challenge to its practical development in scalable devices. Here, an approach to stabilize the sensitive material without isolation from the ambient environment is reported. The graphene capping layer effectively suppresses environmental degradation, enabling the encapsulated GeAs photodetectors to maintain the key electronic properties for more than 3 months under ambient conditions. In addition, the regulation of the work function of graphene significantly improves the device performance. An improved responsivity of 965.07 A/W is 20 times higher than that of pure GeAs. This work provides opportunities for the practical application of GeAs and other environmentally sensitive 2D materials.

Enhancers are often mutated and dysregulated in various diseases such as cancer. By integrating the function annotation of the mammalian genome (FANTOM) enhancers expression profiles and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 13 cancers and their corresponding para-cancerous tissues, we systematically identified a total of 4702 significantly differentially expressed (DE) enhancers. Furthermore, a total of 1036 DE genes regulated by DE enhancers were identified. It was found that in these 13 cancers, most (61.13%) enhancers were ubiquitously expressed, whereas DE enhancers were more likely to be tissue-specific expressed, and the DE genes regulated by DE enhancers were significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways. Finally, it was manifested that 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were located in 37 DE enhancers, and these SNPs affected the gain and loss of functional transcription factor binding sites of 758 transcription factors, which were shown to be highly correlated with tumorigenesis and development.

Hypoxia can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the dense extracellular matrix, high interstitial fluid pressure, and irregular blood supply often serve as physical barriers to inhibit penetration of drugs or nanodrugs across tumor blood microvessels into hypoxic regions. Therefore, it is of great significance and highly desirable to improve the efficiency of hypoxia-targeted therapy. In this work, living photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are utilized as hypoxia-targeted carriers for hypoxic tumor therapy due to their near-infrared (NIR) chemotaxis and their physiological characteristics as facultative aerobes. More interestingly, we discovered that PSB can serve as a kind of photothermal agent to generate heat through nonradiative relaxation pathways due to their strong photoabsorption in the NIR region. Therefore, PSB integrate the properties of hypoxia targeting and photothermal therapeutic agents in an “all-in-one” manner, and no postmodification is needed to achieve hypoxia-targeted cancer therapy. Moreover, as natural bacteria, noncytotoxic PSB were found to enhance immune response that induced the infiltration of cytotoxicity T lymphocyte. Our results indicate PSB specifically accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions, and they show a high efficiency in the elimination of cancer cells. This proof of concept may provide a smart therapeutic system in the field of hypoxia-targeted photothermal therapeutic platforms.

Sonopiezoelectric therapy harnesses piezoelectric materials to efficiently generate destructive reactive oxygen species when exposed to ultrasound. This innovative approach shows promise for tumor treatment by combining precise targeting of tumor sites through noninvasive ultrasound control with high reactive oxygen species generation capabilities via the piezoelectric effect. This study utilizes a theoretical-guided method to manipulate atomic vacancy defects and regulate the Peierls distortion in 1T′-ReS2nanosheets, thereby imparting them with sonopiezoelectric properties not inherent to the original material. Furthermore, the plentiful unsaturated sites of ReS2nanosheets endow them with excellent catalase- and peroxidase-mimicking activities. The reactive oxygen species generation by the engineered ReS2nanosheets also leads to the depletion of glutathione. These capabilities are leveraged for tumor ferroptosis therapy via the classical pathway involving the 7-member 11-glutathione-GPX4 signaling axis, alongside the downregulation of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels and the upregulation of fatty acid CoA ligase 4 expression. This showcases the innovative approach and potential applications of employing 1T′-ReS2nanosheets in cancer treatment through theoretical design and materials engineering.

Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) is widely used in infant formulas (IFs) to provide medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) for infants with special fat absorption requirements. However, MCFAs naturally present in human milk are medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs). This study investigated the effect of triacylglycerol containing MCFAs (MLCT vsMCT) on lipolysis by comparison of human milk and IFs containing 0, 20, 30, and 55% of MCT (IF 1 to IF 4) using an in vitrodigestion model. Rabbit gastric lipase showed an extent of digestion within the expected range, and was selected as the alternative to human gastric lipase. All IFs showed a lower lipolysis degree compared with human milk. There was no significant difference (p= 0.175) among IFs supplemented with MCT at the end of intestinal digestion. In addition, the digestion of IFs with different MCT contents led to different free fatty acid profiles, which may have health effects on infants.

Introduction and aim:

BackgroundPatients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) often suffer severe bleeding events and have poor responses to various treatments. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been used to treat multiple autoimmune diseases due to their low immunogenicity and strong immunomodulatory potential. To explore the safety and efficacy of UC-MSCs in treating refractory ITP, we conducted this phase Ⅰ clinical trial.

Introduction

Introduction and aim:

Background:

Triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of breast milk plays an important role in improving digestion, absorption, and metabolism when consumed by infants. This study characterized the TAG profile of human colostrum, transitional, and mature milk samples from 103 women. Significant differences in the TAGs composition of breast milk fat from three lactation stages were observed. The TAGs with high molecular weight and unsaturated fatty acid (such as 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) and 1(3)-olein-2-palmitin-3(1)-linolein (OPL)) were enriched in colostrum, while the TAGs containing medium-chain fatty acids were more abundant in transitional and mature milk than that in colostrum. Of note, OPL was the most common TAG in breast milk of Chinese women while the most common TAG in breast milk of Western women was OPO. This data will promote the development of infant formulas in terms of the TAG composition more suitable for infants.

The electron transport properties of thiophene-benzene-based molecules attached to zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes are investigated using density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green function. The results show that 3,6-(dithiophen-2-yl)benzene has better performance compared to 2,5-diphenylthiophene. Interestingly, both the devices exhibit two negative differential resistance (NDR) peaks while a thiophene or a benzene molecule tethered to ZGNR electrodes shows one NDR peak. Although the side groups −OH, −NO2, and −NH2controllably repress the transmission and current of 3,6-(dithiophen-2-yl)benzene, the current rectification performance is found because of its asymmetry of molecule structure. Unexpectedly, 2,5-diphenylthiophene system added by a thiophene shows semiconductor behavior under a certain bias region. These results contribute to a deep understanding of the electron transport properties of molecular combination and are valuable for designing molecular devices with excellent and distinctive performance at nanoscale.

Phototherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gradually come into the limelight for oncological treatment due to its noninvasiveness, high specificity, and low side effects. However, upregulated heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐defensing system such as glutathione (GSH) or MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) protein in tumor microenvironment counteract the efficiency of single‐modality therapy either PTT or PDT. Herein, the well‐defined bismuth telluride nanoplates (Bi2Te3NPs) are engineered with a high‐performance photo‐thermo‐electro‐catalytic effect for tumor‐synergistic treatment. Upon near‐infrared light illumination, Bi2Te3NPs induce a significant temperature elevation for PTT, which effectively inhibits MTH1 expression. Especially, heating and cooling alteration caused temperature variations result in electron–hole separation for ROS generation, which not only damages HSPs to reduce the thermotolerance for enhance PTT, but also arouses tumor cell pyroptosis. Additionally, Bi2Te3NPs conspicuously reduce GSH, further improving ROS level and leading to decrease glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which triggers tumor cell ferroptosis. Due to the photo‐thermo‐electro‐catalytic synergistic therapy, Bi2Te3NPs are gifted with impressive tumor suppression on both ectopic and orthotopic ocular tumor models. This work highlights a high‐performance multifunctional energy‐conversion nanoplatform for reshaping tumor microenvironment to boost the tumor‐therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy. Based on the concept of energy‐conversion nanomedicine, the well‐defined bismuth telluride nanoplates (Bi2Te3NPs) are successfully designed and synthesized. Bi2Te3NPs‐mediated phototherapy leading to glutathione depletion and MutT homolog 1 inhibition can enhance oxidative damage, and phototherapy‐induced apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. This study breaks the inherent limitations of conventional phototherapy, achieving photo‐thermo‐electric‐catalysis mediated tumor‐synergistic therapy.

An extended PGaN structure is proposed and successfully adopted on a Schottky PGaN enhancement‐mode GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) platform. The device features a drain saturation current of 256 mA mm−1, a threshold voltage of +1.8 V, and an ON resistance of 19.781 Ω mm. It is found that using the PGaN extension structure on both HEMTs and circle Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) efficiently reduces leakage current across a wide temperature range (from −55 °C to 150 °C). Furthermore, multifrequency CV measurements of interdigitated SBDs are employed to assess the extension structure's dynamic responsiveness. An extended PGaN gate structure that can reduce the peak electric field is proposed and successfully adopted on a Schottky PGaN enhancement‐mode GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor platform. The device features a saturation current of 256 mA mm−1, a threshold voltage of +1.8 V, and an ON‐resistance of 19.781 Ω mm.

First-principles density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) are used to calculate the electronic structures and transport properties of single-wall boron nanotubes (BNTs). The performance transformation induced by the concave deformation of center atoms in the hexagon is also studied. The results indicate that the original BNTs are metals, but the distorted armchair BNTs are semiconductors. The energy gaps over 0.6 eV in the density of states (DOS) and transmission spectra of the distorted armchair BNT devices show their pronounced field effect transistor characters. Additionally, the transport properties of the original (5, 0) BNT device clearly demonstrate a slight negative differential resistance (NDR) when the voltage is 0.1–0.2 V. This paper proposes that the transition from metal to semiconductor of armchair BNTs can be realized by the depression of the boron atoms in the hexagon center. This work provides insight into the electronic transport properties of BNTs.

Bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs with inhibitors are difficult to control. STSP-0601, a specific factor X (FX) activator purified from the venom of Daboia russelii siamensis, has been developed.

An efficient reduction method to obtain high-quality graphene sheets from mass-producible graphene oxide is highly desirable for practical applications. Here, we report an in situdeoxidation and graphitization mechanism for graphene oxide that allows for high-quality reduced graphene oxide sheets under the low temperature condition (<300 °C) by utilizing a well-known Fischer–Tropsch reaction catalyst (CuFeO2). By applying modified FTR conditions, where graphene oxide was reduced on the catalyst surface under the hydrogen-poor condition, deoxidation with much suppressed carbon loss was possible, resulting in high-quality graphene sheets. Our experimental data and density functional theory calculations proved that reduction which occurred on the CuFeO2surface preferentially removed adsorbed oxygen atoms in graphene oxide sheets, leaving dissociated carbon structures to be restored to a near-perfect few-layer graphene sheet. TGA-mass data revealed that GO with catalysts released 92.8% less carbon-containing gases than GO without catalysts during the reduction process, which suggests that this process suppressed carbon loss in graphene oxide sheets, leading to near-perfect graphene. The amount of oxygen related to the epoxide group in the basal plane of GO significantly decreased to near zero (from 43.84 to 0.48 at. %) in catalyst-assisted reduced graphene oxide (CA-rGO). The average domain size and the density of defects of CA-rGO were 4 times larger and 0.1 times lower than those for thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO), respectively. As a result, CA-rGO had a 246 and 8 times lower electrical resistance than TrGO and CVD-graphene. With these performances, CA-rGO coated paper connected to a coin-cell battery successfully lit an LED bulb, and CA-rGO itself acted as an efficient catalyst for both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction.