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Fusarium is the main disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Brazil, and grafting using resistant rootstocks can be a sustainable management strategy. Several wild Piper species have been considered resistant to infection. However, further studies on the grafting process are needed to generate a safe technical recommendation for farmers. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the initial compatibility of grafting through the interaction between two techniques (top cleft and side cleft) and six rootstocks. The P. nigrum 'Bragantina' was grafted onto four wild Piper species (Piper aduncum Link, Piper tuberculatum Jacq., Piper marginatum Jacq., and Piper hispidum Kunth) and two black pepper cultivars ('Kottanadan Broto Branco' and 'Bragantina'-homograft). P. tuberculatum and P. marginatum were incompatible with P. nigrum 'Bragantina' in the two grafting techniques. There was total suppression of leaf development with incompatible rootstocks inside cleft grafting. The wild rootstocks had twice as many shoots at the base of the seedling than the cultivars in the top cleft grafting. Side cleft grafting was able to suppress by half the shoots at the base of the rootstock, while the aerial part was maintained. Top cleft grafting provided greater survival, shooting, and leaf emission, which was more evident when using P. aduncum species as rootstock, reaching practically twice the shooting (59.3%) in comparison with the side grafting (30.6%). Therefore, the top method and the use of P. aduncum as rootstock for the production of grafted black pepper seedlings is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, explored the mechanisms behind leaf color development in succulents. The researchers isolated a transcription factor called AaMYB4 from an ornamental succulent called Aeonium arboreum Webb & Berthel 'Halloween'. Through various experiments, they found that AaMYB4 represses anthocyanin synthesis, leading to reduced anthocyanin content in the leaves. This research provides insights into the molecular basis of leaf color formation in succulents and may contribute to the development of new colorful leaf varieties. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Ceara, Brazil, aimed to investigate the effects of including Pereskia aculeata Miller (PAM) leaves in the diet of mice on the morphology and development of preantral ovarian follicles. The study found that there were no toxic reproductive effects observed from adding PAM to the mouse diet, indicating that it did not pose any risk to animal consumption. The research concluded that supplementing the diet with PAM did not have any negative effects on the reproductive health of the mice. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Qiqihar University in Heilongjiang, China, explored the molecular mechanisms of cytokinin response in industrial hemp leaves. The researchers used transcriptome sequencing to analyze the effects of 6-BA treatment on gene expression in industrial hemp. They identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were primarily associated with metabolism and energy pathways. The study provides a foundation for further investigation into the impact of cytokinins on industrial hemp. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Kagawa University in Japan have conducted a study on sustainable food and agriculture, focusing on the use of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves. The timber-processing industry in East Asia generates a significant amount of waste, including tree bark, branches, and leaves. The researchers found that the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa have allelopathic activity and contain allelochemicals that can suppress the growth of weeds. They suggest that utilizing waste leaves for weed control products could minimize environmental impact and provide economic value. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of using Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves as a soil additive or foliar spray in field conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Perpetual Ltd., an Australian money manager, has confirmed that it is in exclusive talks with KKR & Co., a US private equity firm, regarding the potential acquisition of its corporate trust and wealth management businesses. However, there is no guarantee that a binding agreement will be reached or that a transaction will proceed. KKR's interest in Perpetual comes after the company rejected a A$3.5 billion takeover offer from Washington H Soul Pattinson & Co. in December. Perpetual began a review of its corporate trust and wealth management units in December to explore ways to unlock value for shareholders and create a more focused asset management business. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Management and Technology in Lahore, Pakistan, explores the use of natural dyes derived from Conocarpus erectus L. leaves for sustainable textile coloration. The study found that the extracted dyes, when applied to wool and silk fabrics using an ultrasonic-assisted exhaust dyeing method, resulted in good color strength and color fastness properties. Additionally, the dyed wool samples exhibited satisfactory antibacterial activity, good ultraviolet protection, and mosquito repellency. This research contributes to the development of functional textiles and promotes sustainable practices in the textile industry. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports the study published in "Science," which illustrates how the novel structure of the grass leaf arose from the same genetic pattern that governs other plants' leaf development.

A new study conducted by Agriculture and Forestry University in Nepal has found that the development of northern leaf blight (NLB) in maize is influenced by weather parameters such as temperature and relative humidity. The experiment used three different varieties of maize and correlated disease-related variables with these weather parameters. The research concluded that understanding the correlation between meteorological variables and disease severity is crucial for developing effective disease management methods. This study provides valuable insights for farmers and researchers in Nepal and other regions with similar climate conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Moringa (Moringa oleifera), also known as the pot herb drumstick or horseradish leaves, requires irradiation treatment for insect disinfestation before shipping to the west coast of the United States from Hawai'i. This irradiation treatment as well as packing and air shipment leads to leaflet abscission. To minimize this abscission, the shipper had been including frozen gel packs in the shipping carton. However, these packs are heavy and lead to chilling injury on the leaflets and the development of mold on the leaves adjacent to the gel pack. Holding and shipping the product at 12 °C negated the need for the frozen gel packs. Inclusion of a sachet of 1-methylcyclopropene in the carton significantly reduced leaflet abscission. Further reduction was obtained by the inclusion of an ethylene absorption sachet, thus helping to maintain the overall product quality and marketability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which led to the identification of the plant growth hormones, auxins, which are essential in the physiological and agricultural development of plants. The auxins play a key role in plant growth, development of fruits and the falling of fruits and leaves. They serve several purposes from the propagation of cutting to the killing of weeds and are useful on researches related to mechanism of plant growth.

We developed an efficient protoplast-based transformation system by optimizing conditions of protoplasts isolation and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation in A. japonica. Keywords: Shanghai; People's Republic of China; Asia; Life Science; Genetics EN Shanghai People's Republic of China Asia Life Science Genetics 1647 1647 1 07/31/23 20230731 NES 230731 2023 AUG 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- New research on Life Science is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

The news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained from Upinder Gill, North Dakota State University, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Fargo, ND 58108, United States. Keywords: Fargo; State:North Dakota; United States; North and Central America; Phytopathology; Life Sciences; Genetics EN Fargo State:North Dakota United States North and Central America Phytopathology Life Sciences Genetics 2757 2757 1 04/24/23 20230428 NES 230428 2023 APR 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators publish new report on Life Sciences - Phytopathology. Fargo, State:North Dakota, United States, North and Central America, Phytopathology, Life Sciences, Genetics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Bragantia is the property of Instituto Agronomico de Campinas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) identification key was adapted for crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to facilitate identification of phenological stages and decisions regarding field operations from seeding to harvest maturity. The original system described leaf development based on leaf count from stage 11 (1 leaf) to stage 19 (9 leaf), and head development based on percentage of expected head size reached at maturity from stage 41 to 49. The new coding leaf development stages range from 11 to 29, corresponding to the 1-leaf to 19-leaf stages. The head development stages also ranged from 41 to 49, but phenological stages near commercial maturity from 43 to 49 are now described as a function of head firmness. The important maturity traits of crisphead lettuce include head size and density. Head volume can be estimated from three diameters by using Currence's equation, which takes into account head geometry. The firmness index obtained by hand compression gave a more precise estimate of head density than the density estimate derived from Currence's equation or the sphere equation. Crisphead lettuce development stages and maturity traits can be easily quantified in the field for use in planning field operations and for experimental purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry bulb onion (Allium cepa) leaves may not dry down normally and bulbs may not attain dormancy during adverse growing seasons. An effective method of artificial leaf desiccation is needed to complement mechanical harvesting and onion conditioning for storage. Desiccants were tested in 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003 on onion leaves prior to harvest, and bulb quality was evaluated after 5 months or more of storage. Carfentrazone, diquat, and paraquat desiccated onion foliage well but increased bulb rot and reduced the percentage of marketable bulbs after storage. Bromoxynil and endothall desiccated onion foliage significantly without inducing rot or reducing the percentage of marketable bulbs. Copper sulfate and pelargonic acid increased desiccation of onion foliage but were not sufficiently effective for field use. Neither reduced the percentage of marketable bulbs. If bromoxynil or endothall were labelled for onion desiccation, they could be applied 10-14 days before harvest to enhance natural leaf senescence and facilitate mechanical harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents techniques used for garden design. The day cannot be too far off when garden planning and design, too, can be done on computer, but so far there's no good, easy program that does this. The ones that do exist have been created for professional use and don't chime easily with domestic requirements. Seed collection is very much in fashion, and to do it seriously one needs to be well organised. When seed is sorted and sifted, it's best kept in smallish quantities in manila seed packets. Brenner Kelly is part of a new breed of young Melbourne garden designers trained at the University of Melbourne's Burnley College of Horticulture, and offers advice for planting eruca sativa or rocket. Common rocket is a Mediterranean salad herb that is also known as arugula, roquette or rucola. Wild rocket has smaller leaves and a stronger flavour than common rocket. The leaves do not keep well and are not suitable for freezing.

Blue light (320 to 496 nm) alters hypocotyl and stem elongation and leaf expansion in short-term, cell-level experiments, but histological effects of blue light in long-term studies of whole plants have not been described. We measured cell size and number in stems of soybean (Glycine max L.) and leaves of soybean and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), at two blue light fractions. Short-term studies have shown that cell expansion in stems is rapidly inhibited when etiolated tissue is exposed to blue light. However, under long-term light exposure, an increase in the blue light fraction from <0.1% to 26% decreased internode length, specifically by inhibiting soybean cell division in stems. In contrast, an increase in blue light fraction from 6% to 26% reduced soybean leaf area by decreasing cell expansion. Surprisingly, lettuce leaf area increased with increasing blue light fraction (0% to 6%), which was attributed to a 3.1-fold increase in cell expansion and a 1.6-fold increase in cell division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life span of leaves in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, non-secretor of salt, can be divided into a leaf developing stage, a leaf functioning stage and a leaf senescing stage. The concentrations (mg/g) and the contents (mg/leaf) of Na and Cl increased at the leaf developing stage and remained almost constant at the leaf functioning stage. At the leaf senescing stage, the concentrations of Na and Cl increased markedly by 45 and 31% respectively, while their contents only increased by 16 and 4% respectively. The K/Na ratio remained constant at the leaf functioning stage, and decreased at the leaf senescing stage. During leaf senescence, there was a marked decline in leaf mass (20%) and in leaf area (15%). During senescence, 60% of its N, 48% of its P and 46% of its K was transferred out of the senescing leaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the hybrid Lysichiton which was named as swamp lantern by James Armitage and Barry Phillips of Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Garden in Wisley, England. It states that swamp lantern is a hybrid of its parent species, L. americanus and L. camtschatcensis. It says that the parent is distinguishable because of its difference in its leaf development, leaf shape, and petiole. Armitage and Phillips argue that swamp lantern is a better name than skunk cabbage.

Due to staff turnover, it's not uncommon for a longtime donor to an organization to have worked with four or five development professionals during his or her lifetime. Before a development officer leaves for another position, instruct him or her to produce a facts-you-need-to-know report that addresses key points the new employee should understand about each major gift prospect and donor. Have an advancement professional - with whom donors are familiar - take time to accompany the new professional on introductory visits. [Extracted from the article]

Evidence that tiny pieces of RNA control the development of flowers and leaves have been shown in recent findings demonstrating that these "microRNAs" are key players in the development of complex organisms. "Now we say for sure the microRNAs have important developmental functions," says researcher Xuemei Chen at Rutgers University in New Jersey. This discovery is part of the rapidly growing field of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is a natural mechanism in which small pieces of RNA target the messenger RNA that translates genes into proteins. The small RNA bind to the messenger RNA and either destroy it or stop it from making protein. These RNA fragments come in two varieties. Small interfering RNA generated from the RNA of invading viruses, and microRNA encoded by special genes in the cell.

The article discusses the advantages of using red light for growing plants. Topics include the amount of red light found in commercial light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures used for plant growth applications, the efficiency of red LEDs in converting electricity into photosynthetic photons and at photosynthesis, and the effects of red light on the leaf expansion of plants grown under only red light.

Globalstar Plunges With Second "No" Vote at FCC on Proposal (2) To contact the reporter on this story:Todd Shields in Washington at tshields3@bloomberg.netTo contact the editors responsible for this story:Jon Morgan at jmorgan97@bloomberg.netElizabeth Wasserman, Ros Krasny Attribution Elizabeth Wasserman: editor Ros Krasny: editor Todd Shields: by reporter Susan Decker: assist Jon Morgan: editor responsible. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information related to dandelion leaves which are more nutritious than spinach. These leaves are best harvested in spring or early summer and preferably before flowering. For the prevention of gallstones, herbalists sanction dandelion leaf and root. Also, the fresh latex from dandelion stems is used to banish warts by applying several times daily.

As similar as they may look to the naked eye, the top and bottom of a leaf do very different things. Now researchers have found that the development of these two surfaces is controlled by miniature RNA molecules called microRNAs. The work is among the first to find that microRNAs are expressed in varying ways throughout an organism and suggests that they play a critical role in early development. Plant biologist Marja Timmermans and her colleagues have found a similar pattern in maize, which is very distantly related to Arabidopsis in evolutionary terms. This research study has been published in the March 4, 2004 issue of the journal "Nature."

The article discusses plant mutation with the discovery of several four-leaf soybean leaflets spotted on plants in the agronomy plots in Southern Illinois University.

The article discusses the stages of maturity of a corn crop, including leaf emergence, seedling emergence, and roots elongation.

The article focuses on a study which compared plant phenology in a natural setting and in an experimental warming environment. Results of the study showed that plants leafed four times earlier and flowered eight times earlier in the natural setting compared to the warming experiments. It also found that plants advanced five to six days per degree Celsius of temperature in the observational studies.

The article offers tips on the application of nitrogen (N) on corn crop. It states that little N is needed of crop during early vegetative stages to about the fifth leaf development stage. It considers dribbling N fertilizer between rows or injection into the soil as the best ways in sidedressing N since it protect crops from foliar damage and reduce the volatilization of urea. It also mentions that N application over the top can result in foliar damage.

The article discusses a report from Ohio State University professor emeritus Jim Beuerlein on increasing the yields of late-planted soybeans in the U.S. Beuerlein mentions the aim of their normally planted counterparts in producing a complete leaf canopy which gather as much sunlight during the initiation of flowering. The professor also notes the significance of establishing higher plant populations to make the overall number of nodes per acre almost normal.

The article focuses on the ways to control the growth of ragwort. It states that cutting down ragwort during summer allows the plant to adopt a perennial lifestyle. It mentions that controlling ragwort could be done by applying herbicide during spring, the time where ragwort enters its vegetative leaf rosette stage. It adds that applying Weedstick herbicide from Micron Sprayers Ltd. during March and April is a good weapon to control ragwort.

Net photosynthetic rates often are dependent on leaf size when expressed on a leaf-area basis (CO2 assimilation as μmol·m-2·s-1). Therefore, distinguishing between leaf-size-related and other causes of differences in net photosynthetic rate cannot be determined when data are presented on a leaf-area basis. From a theoretical perspective, CO2 assimilation expressed on a leaf-area basis (μmol·m-2·s-1) will be independent of leaf area only when total net CO2 assimilation (leaf CO2 assimilation as μmol·s-1) is linearly related to leaf area and the function describing this relationship has a nonzero y intercept. This situation was not encountered in the data sets we evaluated; therefore, ratio-based estimates of CO2 assimilation were often misleading. When CO2 assimilation data are expressed on a per-leaf-area basis (the standard procedure in the photosynthesis literature), it is difficult to determine how photosynthetic efficiency changes as leaves or plants mature and difficult to compare the efficiency of treatments or cultivars when leaf size or total plant leaf area varies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on research investigating the development of leaf domatia. The conclusion that they are beneficial both to plants and certain insects; The possibility that they could provide an environmentally friendly form of pest control; The publication of the study by Anurag A. Agrawal and Richard Karban of the University of California, Davis in the June 5, 1997 issue of `Nature.'

Discusses the photosynthesis process in green leaves. Taking in of carbon dioxide; Production of food or glucose for the plant and oxygen for all life forms to breathe; Cycle; Functions of a leaf's separation layer.

The article offers the author's insights on several fresh-water plants. The author states that one of the most common fresh-water plants is the mermaid-weed or the Proserpinaca, which he drawn to submerged and out of water to indicate a change in the leaf. He says that water-thyme or Anacharis canadensus grows in slow-flowing streams, requires coaxing, and is apt to grow too fast once rooted. He mentions Duck-weed, a floating plant that covers the surfaces of lakes and ponds in shady places.