Search

The article discusses the highlights of the International Munich Paper Symposium (IMPS) 2015 held in Munich, Germany. Lectures from the supplier and production area dominated the event, on topics like energy saving, improved transparency in the production process for early detection and solution of problems, and new ways to cut down raw material costs. Speakers included Thomas Riehle of the paper mill August Köhler SE, Stephan Klein of Gebr Bellmer GmbH, and Tobias Weber of Palm Paper.

The article discusses the hyperinflation that plagued Germany in 1923, resulting from years of printing excessive amounts of paper money. This hyperinflation devastated the German economy, and by December 1923, it took 4.2 trillion German marks to equal one American dollar. The hyperinflation had catastrophic effects, leading to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, emphasizing the perils of inflationary financial policies.

Purpose: This paper aims to consider both the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and behavioural response in the optimal sizing of solar photovoltaic systems (PV modules and batteries) for energy communities. The objective is to achieve a high self-sufficiency rate whilst taking into account the grid carbon intensity and the global warming potential of system components. Design/methodology/approach: Operation and sizing of energy communities leads to optimization problems spanning across multiple timescales. To compute the optimisation in a reasonable time, the authors first apply a simulation periods reduction using a clustering approach, before solving a linear programming problem. Findings: The results show that the minimum GHG emissions is achieved for self-sufficiency rates of 19% in France and 50% in Germany. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is restricted to specific residential profiles: further work will focus on exploring different types of consumption profiles. Practical implications: This paper provides relevant self-sufficiency orders of magnitude for energy communities. Originality/value: This paper combines various approaches in a single use case: environmental considerations, behavioural response as well as multi-year energy system sizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After outstanding success in mud juice filtration, proven within a sugar beet factory in Germany through pilot trials during the campaign 2022/2023 this paper will be about the next stage of evolution into a production scale plant trial. The factory, part of a major beet sugar producer in Germany, decided to invest in a retro- fit to Lenzing's newly developed and patented candle type cake filtration system CakeFil. The factory has been operating candle type precoat filters with traditional design in mud juice filtration stage. It has already challenged the LENZING CakeFil design in pilot scale throughout the last campaign and saw a smoothly running mud juice filtration without any intervention over the whole campaign, whereas the existing filtration required seven filter cloth changes and numerous hot water flushing steps during the same period. In this filtration stage at this particular factory a cloth exchange means emptying and opening seven pressure vessels with a diameter of 3 meters (12') and exchanging filter cloth on 288 candles per unit. Which equals more than 14 000 candles to be manipulated throughout an average campaign. A hot water flushing step additionally means to take the filter out of filtration service for 3 hours. Therefore, factory and corporate management decided to exchange the candle design as well as the way of operation on one of their existing process scale filters for a plant trial. The results of this plant trial will be presented in detail within this jointly developed paper. To date the very young 2023/2024 campaign just started, but the plant trial already shows very promising results as the newly equipped unit did not require a single manual or other intervention whereas the existing filters already called for hot water flushing of each individual filter every other day due to decreasing performance. At the time of presentation, the campaign will be finished and the paper will contrast the existing state of the art filtration system with the performance of the CakeFil in terms of net filtrate flow, downtime, filtrate quality and required manpower and spares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 4th Darmstadt Paper Chemistry Colloquium to be held at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany on May 20, 2016.

The author looks into the impact of the Paper & Fiber World 2030 project launched in January 2014 on the paper industry. She finds that the project helps the industry foresee its future and offers business opportunities to papermaking companies. She also discusses the 2015 ZELLCHEMING-Exposition to be held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The exposition will be attended by several paper industry executives including Utz Tillmann and Markus Gürne.

Purpose: The paper aims to disentangle the factors behind territorial disparities in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case fatality ratio, focusing on the pressure put by the pandemic on healthcare services and adopting a spatial perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models have been used for uncovering the spatial variability in the impact of healthcare services on COVID-19 case fatality ratio, allowing authors to better capture the real spatial patterns at local level. The authors proved that this approach yields better results, and the MGWR model outperforms traditional regression methods. The selected case studies are two of the biggest UE countries, among the first affected by a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, namely Italy and Germany. Findings: The authors found sizeable regional differences in COVID-19 mortality rates within each of the analysed countries, and the stress borne by local healthcare systems seems to be the most powerful factor in explaining them. In line with other studies, the authors found additional factors of influence, such as age distribution, gender ratio, population density and regional development. Originality/value: This research clearly indicated that COVID-19 related deaths are strongly associated with the degree of resilience of the local healthcare systems. The authors supply localized results on the factors of influence, useful for assisting the decision-makers in prioritizing limited healthcare resources. The authors provide a scientific argument in favour of the decentralization of the pandemic management towards local authorities not neglecting, however, the necessary regional or national coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that France and Germany are pushing rival models for defence co-operation, but neither is very ambitious. Topics disccussed include acronyms made such as Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), European Defence Fund (EDF) and a European Intervention Initiative (E21) as Europeans scramble to reduce their military dependence on the U.S. and the gap between the rhetoric of political leaders and the modesty of these defence drives.

The article offers information on the 2015 ZELLCHEMING-Exposition to be held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany from June 30-July 2.

The article offers information on the white paper published by the German government which feature its security policy and the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). It mentions that the 2016 white paper highlights the increasing violence in the security environment of the country brought by the Russian government in the European continent.

The author reflects on the importance of the 2015 Zellcheming Exposition, to be held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, for the paper industry.

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the market concentration and competition in the European Banking Sector using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach under the fuzzy environment. Design/methodology/approach: The hybrid model combining fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) and fuzzy VIKOR methods is applied to measure the market competition and concentration in the European Banking Sector. For this purpose, two academicians and one expert from banking sector with at least five-year experiences are selected to evaluate the dimensions, criteria and alternatives. The academicians are also appointed to define the decision-making problem and determine the dimensions and the criteria on the basis of related literature. The implementation of the model has been constructed in three main phases. The first phase consists of the fuzzy DEMATEL technique for understanding the impact-relation map among the dimensions. The second phase includes the fuzzy ANP method for measuring the relative importance of the criteria. The last phase comprises the fuzzy VIKOR approach to rank the alternatives with the values of the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI). Findings: Turkey, France, England and Germany are placed in the competitive market structure of the European Banking Sector respectively. Additionally, the comparative results of the study confirm the market shares and the competitive policies of the European and Turkish Banking Sector. Originality/value: The novelty of the paper is to construct a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model with the proposed HHI scales under the fuzzy environment and defined competition dimensions and criteria based on the literature for the European Banking Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drinking water supply is a core element of national regulations for normal and emergency supply as well as coping with crisis events. Particularly with regard to the interdependence of critical infrastructures means that water supply failures can have far-reaching consequences and endanger the safety of a society, e.g., by impairing hospital operations. In case of an emergency in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards, e.g., for patients in hospitals, become important for emergency management during crisis situations. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably minor water supply disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water supply standards for hospitals in case of a disaster. Acknowledging these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance or civil protection, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high water and healthcare supply standards. Based on a literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper indicates potential improvements for emergency water supply planning in general as well as for supply of hospitals and identifies future fields of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the question of whether the Brothers Grimm fabricated their fairy tales, debunking the myth through the research findings of Professor Holger Ehrhardt from Kassel University, who discovered previously unknown original manuscripts among the Grimm Brothers' papers in Germany.

The direct appeal or appeal per saltum is that which is filed immediately against judgments issue in the first instance. This paper make a historical analysis of the appeal per saltum in the LEC 1881 and a compared study between the Spanish and German legal order. In addition, it examines from a lex ferenda perspective the opportunity to reintroduce this type of appeal and the regulation that would best suit the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Still Diaconal Work and Theology? – Responses from the New Testament and its Surroundings The present study deals with the origins and motivational contexts of such social welfare work, which in Germany is known as 'Diakonie'. For this purpose, this article follows an exegetical-hermeneutical approach, which brings the social and caring activities of ancient associations into a discussion with NewTestament texts on this topic. This lays the foundations for systematic-theological reflections on the possible role of 'Diakonie' within the canon of theology, which conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

German forestry is known for its long history of sustainable forest management. However, a country-level forest inventory (national forest inventory, NFI) with a statistical basis, has only been implemented since the 1960s in the German Democratic Republic (GDR, Eastern Germany), and the 1980s in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, Western Germany). This is relatively late when compared to other countries. In this paper, an overview is given of the history of large-area forest assessments in Germany, and the developments towards a national forest inventory. In addition, an elaboration, as well as a brief outlook, are given on the adaptations of this monitoring system over time to the changing needs of a broadening group of stakeholders and interested parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating space methodology and combining it with gender studies, this article looks at how German-Jewish men, in a space-specific environment, prewar Nazi concentration camps, came to adjust their understandings and practices of masculinity. The paper argues that performing pre-learned forms of military masculinity inside the camps vis-à-vis Nazi personnel, while simultaneously maintaining conventional gender norms in their letter exchanges to their families and spouses in the outside world, were of fundamental importance. Jewish men's ability to adjust their practice of masculinity represented a defiant attempt of survival and control over their lives under an increasingly oppressive regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are both low-cost and almost arbitrarily longlasting materials also used for numerous products in forest management. However, plastic products constitute a significant share of solid waste and show a varying persistence in the environment. Although the use of plastics in terrestrian and marine environments is already widely discussed, a comprehensive and critical appraisal of treeshelters and treeguards has not yet been conducted. This is all the more surprising as they are the most important applications of plastic products in German forestry. When considering the strict specifications of close-to-nature and sustainable forest management in Germany, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment of treeshelter and treeguard use taking into account environmental as well as forestry legislation. This study assesses plastic product use in forests based on federal legislation and for two selected states, Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia. We analysed a) which environmental laws and norms are applicable to treeshelters at the end of their life span of, b) which are the resulting consequences for their use in forestry practice, and c) which solutions exist for further use of commercially available treeshelters and innovative new treeshelters. Five groups of tree shelters have been assessed: A/made of plastic with a long life span, B/oxodegradable plastic, each without certification on degradation, C/compostable plastics certified by DIN ENnorms, D/wood, paper or jute without information on impregnation treatment as well as E/treeshelters without any information on the material used nor certification. The assessment takes into account federal legislation, particularly the circular economy act, the soil protection act and the bio-waste ordinance. The study comes to the conclusion that leaving any type of treeshelters in the forests after they have fulfilled their protective purpose, doesn't conform with the laws in force. Particularly, the circular economy act requires treeshelters from group A, B, D and E to be removed. Only treeshelters from group C can potentially be left at the site of installation, if they are reduced to small pieces which in turn are mixed with topsoil. However, even for such a practice a specific permit needs to be granted from the authority responsible for circular economy in consent with the forest authority. The current practice of leaving treeshelters on site or just hesitant removal and restrained disposal after having fulfilled their purpose clearly contradicts legal provisions in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Bernd Scholbrock, Sales and Materials Management Manager of Schoellershammer, Heinr. Aug. Schoeller Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, is presented. He discusses the paper machine 6 (PM 6) that the company will install for bogus paper at its premises in Düren, Germany and is expected to go into operation at the end of 2016. He also mentions the company's response to a market that is increasingly demanding for lower grammage paper and expounds on their reasons for the investment.

The European Forest Accounts (EFA) comprise important key figures regarding the economic viability of forestry. They are reported to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association on an annual, yet voluntary basis. In 2016, the EFA replaced the hitherto valid "Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting for Forests" (IEEAF) as a new standard table framework. Due to the lack of an official guideline, and consequently differences in data availability, accounting practices and calculation methods in the participating states as well as an impediment of data harmonization and comparability is expected. The change from IEEAF- to EFA-tables entailed the need to revise and update the calculation methods of forest accounting in Germany. Within this update we aimed at creating consistency between German statistical reporting systems, establishing a comprehensible, up-todate system of calculating the EFA, but also to contribute to the international comparability of EFA-data by disclosing German methods and data bases. In the paper at hand we introduce the German methods and data bases used for calculating the EFA. We focus on the compilation of the physical and monetary tables of forest area and timber stock, as data from other EFA-tables is mostly taken directly from other statistics. We gathered examples for methods and data bases from several different sources, chose and described the best possibilities for Germany in regard to data availability and discussed the suitability of alternative data sources and methods. We believe that we achieved to establish a comprehensible system and that a good balance was found between providing best quality data and economic efficiency of calculating the tables. As an outlook, in order to improve international comparability of EFA-data, a standardization and disclosure of definitions, data sources and methods across all states is strongly suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is about the demand for funding for higher education nursing training and the further expansion of nursing degree programs. Various organizations such as the Association of Nursing Directors of University Hospitals and Medical Schools in Germany (VPU e. V.) and the German Nursing Council have published a joint position paper emphasizing the need for comprehensive higher education qualification for nursing professionals. The nursing degree program aims to modernize and make the qualification for nursing professionals contemporary and attractive. Additionally, the article provides information about a call for papers for a handbook on nursing didactics, as well as dates for various nursing congresses and events. [Extracted from the article]

Although the relationship between the development of wind power and wildlife has been investigated extensively, uncertainties pertaining to both the effects and potential mitigation measures are remaining. They are difficult to predict in advance. In addition, natural dynamics (e. g. fluctuating populations or alternating nest sites of birds of prey) have received little attention in earlier planning and approval procedures thus far. “Adaptive Management" recognizes uncertainties and attempts to overcome them by means of ongoing learning and adaptation processes. In the US, Adaptive Management Plans are being prepared on a regular basis, including monitoring and adaptation measures. The paper outlines possible approaches, challenges, and practical examples which show how adaptive management should be tested and implemented in wind energy planning and approval in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A contact-based extended SEIQR model is presented to model epidemic spreading in complex networks. • The model is validated with data from the spreading of COVID-19 in Germany, Mexico and the US. • Accurate predictions over long time periods, more then 150 days are achieved. • An ensemble Kalman Filter is proposed on validated for state estimation and data-assimilation to account for stochastic uncertainties. The main aim of the present paper is threefold. First, it aims at presenting an extended contact-based model for the description of the spread of contagious diseases in complex networks with consideration of asymptomatic evolutions. Second, it presents a parametrization method of the considered model, including validation with data from the actual spread of COVID-19 in Germany, Mexico and the United States of America. Third, it aims at showcasing the fruitful combination of contact-based network spreading models with a modern state estimation and filtering technique to (i) enable real-time monitoring schemes, and (ii) efficiently deal with dimensionality and stochastic uncertainties. The network model is based on an interpretation of the states of the nodes as (statistical) probability densities samples, where nodes can represent individuals, groups or communities, cities or countries, enabling a wide field of application of the presented approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with German chemist Peter Gölitz about his career as editor in chief of the German journal "Angewandte Chemie." Topics include how the process of his introduction of innovations to the journal started, his goals for the journal and how they changed over time and the biggest changes to science publishing in the past 30 years. Also mentioned are the changes in chemistry since the 1980s and his favorite paper published at Angewand during his tenure.

In this paper we explore practicable ways for self-consistent calculations of spectral functions from analytically continued functional renormalization group (aFRG) flow equations. As a particularly straightforward one we propose to include parametrizations of self-energies based on explicit analytic one-loop expressions. To exemplify this scheme we calculate the spectral functions of pion and sigma meson of the O(4) model at vanishing temperature in the broken phase. Comparing the results with those from previous aFRG calculations, we explicitly demonstrate how self-consistency at all momenta fixes the tight relation between particle masses and decay thresholds. In addition, the two-point functions from our new semianalytic FRG scheme have the desired domain of holomorphy built in and can readily be studied in the entire cut-complex frequency plane, on physical as well as other Riemann sheets. This is very illustrative and allows, for example, to trace the flow of the resonance pole of the sigma meson across an unphysical sheet. In order to assess the limitations due to the underlying one-loop structure, we also introduce a fully self-consistent numerical scheme based on spectral representations with scale-dependent spectral functions. The most notable improvement of this numerically involved calculation is that it describes the three-particle resonance decay of an off-shell pion, π*→σπ→3π. Apart from this further conceptual improvement, overall agreement with the results from the considerably simpler semianalytic one-loop scheme is very encouraging, however. The latter can therefore provide a sound and practicable basis for self-consistent calculations of spectral functions in more realistic effective theories for warm and dense matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An optimal quarantine control strategy balancing the number of infections and the isolation effort with capacity constraints. • A data-driven receding horizon control scheme for newly emerged diseases. • Application to COVID-19 data indicates that a sufficiently delayed and controlled lockdown release is optimal. • The proposed approaches may support public health authorities in planning quarantine measures. This paper studies the optimal control of an infectious spread based on common epidemic models with permanent immunity and no vaccine availability. Assuming limited isolation control and capacity constraints on the number of infections, an optimal quarantine control strategy that balances between the total number of infections and the overall isolation effort is derived from necessary optimality conditions. The specific optimal policy is then obtained by optimizing the switching times of this generalized strategy. In the case of a newly emerged disease, these results can be used in a data-driven receding horizon manner to improve actions as more data becomes available. The proposed approach is applied to publicly available data from the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany. In particular, for minimizing the total number of infections or the number of isolated individuals, the simulations indicate that a sufficiently delayed and controlled release of the lock-down are optimal for overcoming the outbreak. The approach can support public health authorities to plan quarantine control policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the probable economic and financial impact that refugees and migrants will have on Germany and the European Union. It states that a recent paper found wages for menial jobs was depressed by just two percent (%) by a 10% rise in the share of migrants working those jobs. It examined the fiscal impact of refugees getting benefits compared to the taxes paid and suggested refugees would increase Germany's gross domestic product to public expenditure of 0.35% in 2016.

The article reports that investigators from the Papiertechnische Stiftung in Heidenau, Germany developed a method for converting natural cellulose fibers into thermoplastic intermediates in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Topics discussed include the thermoformation of thermoplastic, paper decomposition during heating, and the replacement of undesirable ionic and H-bonds between the fibers for the weaker dispersion forces through the reactive extrusion process.

The article discusses the Germany's defense white paper "Countering security threats...to our free and safe world trade and supply routes" published on July 13, 2016. Topics discussed include call for Germany to increase its annual defense spending, promotion of its ability to use nuclear weapons by the U.S. decision of German Chancellor Angela Merkel to open Germany's borders to refugees.

The article offers information on ORGATEC 2014, the leading international trade fair for Modern Office & Facility, which will be held on October 21-25 in Cologne, Germany.

The article presents the corporate profile of Setter GmbH & Co. Papierverarbeitung, manufacturer of paper sticks used for sweets, medical application and lollipops located in Emmerich. It discusses the manufacturer of its Setter Paperstix as well as its innovativeness, reliability and economy. Its use of modern machinery and technology to meet customer requirements is also mentioned.

The authors investigate the Baugruppe phenomenon in Berlin, Germany through a series of project visits and interviews. Topics discussed include the impact of housing affordability, the growing concern about poor standards of apartment construction and the renewed interest in apartment design standards, and the architectural designs of selected architects such as Zanderroth Architekten, Kaden Klingbeil Architeckten, and Breathe Architecture.