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This paper is related to a national research project covering every Italian region and province with respect to their performances in the attainment of the priorities of the 2014-2020 EU Cohesion Policy. The first part of the paper presents a survey of the literature available on Inner Peripheries, with specific regard to the methodologies useful for their identification. The second part will present an analysis at the national level, with a focus on the case of Lombardy, and an index of multimodal accessibility selected for a preliminary evaluation of the concept of Inner Periphery. The third part of the paper will discuss an empirical assessment of the Inner Periphery individuated in the Lombardy region, using a set of indicators provided by the STeMA model. The discussion developed in the three sections is intended to test the territories defined as Inner Periphery in Lombardy according to the set of indicators made available by the national project., Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, Series 14 Vol 2 Special Issue (2019)

Uz stručne poslove u svezi sa zaštitom, obradom i dostupnošću gradiva, rad arhiva danas uvelike oblikuju i suvremeni društveni procesi, ponajviše brzi razvoj tehnologija i društva znanja te kulturne, gospodarske i socijalne promjene izazvane migracijskim i globalizacijskim trendovima. Iz perspektive arhiva kao informacijskih servisa podrazumijeva se njihovo djelovanje kao otvorenih ustanova dostupnih svim korisnicima, koje aktivno pridonose kulturnom životu i oblikovanju identiteta svojih osnivača i zajednice u kojoj djeluju te privlače raznoliku publiku. U radu se predstavljaju međunarodne arhivske stručne prakse i aktivnosti u svezi s digitalizacijom i dostupnošću arhivskih izvora te tekući europski arhivski projekti i programi u svezi s novim arhivskim konceptima i širenjem informacijskih funkcija i usluga arhiva te najznačajnije europske suradničke arhivske platforme., In addition to professional work related to the protection, processing and accessibility of archival material, the work of archives today is largely shaped by modern social processes, especially the rapid development of technology and knowledge society as well as cultural, economic and social changes caused by migration and globalization trends. From the perspective of archives as information services, it is understood that they operate as open institutions which are accessible to all users and which actively contribute to the cultural life and to the formation of identity of their founders and the community in which they operate and attract a diverse audience. The paper presents international archival professional practices and activities related to digitization and accessibility of archival sources as well as current European archival projects and programmes related to new archival concepts, expansion of information functions and services of archives and the most important European collaborative archival platform., Le attività di un archivio oggi non consistono solo nei lavori tecnici relativi alla tutela, all’elaborazione e all’accessibilità del materiale ma dipendono, in modo significativo, anche dai processi sociali contemporanei, soprattutto dal veloce sviluppo delle tecnologie e della società basata sulla conoscenza nonché dai cambiamenti culturali, economici e sociali dovuti alle tendenze migratorie e della globalizzazione. Dall’ottica degli archivi, in quanto servizi informatici, si presuppone che gli archivi rappresentino delle istituzioni aperte accessibili a tutti gli utenti che contribuiscono in modo attivo alla vita culturale e alla formazione dell’identità dei propri fondatori e della comunità in cui operano attirando un pubblico diversificato. Nel lavoro vengono presentate le prassi archivistiche professionali internazionali e le attività relative alla digitalizzazione e all’accessibilità delle fonti archivistiche nonché i progetti e i programmi archivistici europei attuali relativi ai nuovi concetti archivistici e alla diffusione delle funzioni e dei servizi informatici degli archivi e le più importanti piattaforme archivistiche collaborative in Europa.

L’accessibilità nel patrimonio architettonico, tema dibattuto da decenni, si è evoluto negli orientamenti culturali, nella legislazione e normativa tecnica e nelle realizzazioni. L’argomento tocca questioni complesse e mutevoli: aspetti materiali e immateriali; fattori demografici e socio-economici; usi (praticati e auspicati) da parte di persone dalle differenti capacità motorie, intellettive, cognitive ed emotive; valori e significati che ogni generazione tende ad attribuire al patrimonio culturale. Dopo aver collegato l’accessibilità agli avanzamenti sull’uso del patrimonio, il contributo descrive il progressivo ampliamento qualitativo e quantitativo di questo requisito. La varietà e vastità del campo di applicazione e la continua evoluzione dei significati, rendono il tema dell’accessibilità dell’ambiente costruito un tema sempre attuale e fanno emergere la necessità di continuare ad affinare strumenti e metodi da adottare per garantire questo importante fattore concorrente all’uso sostenibile. Per questo motivo, dopo aver descritto il contributo disciplinare della Tecnologia dell’architettura al tema dell’accessibilità, vengono indicati i concetti di superuser e di baukultur come prospettive aperte per futuri sviluppi di ricerca transdisciplinare. Accessibility in the architectural heritage, a topic that has been debated for decades, has evolved in cultural orientations, in legislation and technical regulations and in operational reality. The topic touches on complex and changing issues: material and immaterial aspects; demographic and socio-economic factors; uses (practiced and desired) by people with different motor, intellectual, cognitive and emotional skills; values and meanings that each generation tends to attribute to the cultural heritage. After linking accessibility to advances in the use of heritage, the paper describes the progressive qualitative and quantitative extension of this requisite. The wide and varied field of application and the continuous evolution of meanings make the accessibility of the built environment an ever-current theme and bring out the need for continuously refining the tools and methods to be adopted to guarantee this important contributing factor to sustainable use. For this reason, after describing the disciplinary contribution of architecture technology to the topic of accessibility, the concepts of superuser and baukultur are indicated as open-ended perspectives for future transdisciplinary research development.

Nowadays, mobility and accessibility are - in different forms and meanings - strictly connected in order to obtain sustainability of new project interventions. At neighborhood scale, the design of public space can contribute to the sustainable mobility, creating places of quality in which the slow mobility is favored. Accordingly, the research titled "Public spaces. From principles to good practice" was carried out by the author in the framework of both "Urban Maestro. New Governance Strategies for Urban Design" Horizon 2020 research project and the INU Community "Public Space", the latter coordinated by the author. The Urban Maestro Project - coordinated by the UCL - "looks at the ways European cities are being designed and financed, focusing on innovative ways of generating and implementing urban spatial quality". Among the objective, the project has the comparison of the experiences in Europe to international practices. The Community Public Space has the objective to collect best practices of public space in Italy, starting from the Charter of Public Space, adopted during the second Biennial of Public Space held in Rome in 2015. To these ends, about 30 Italian case studies were collected (Sepe, 2020). Starting from these premises, the methodology and results of this research will be illustrated. To collect the data on the case studies a specific data base was created. The elements to collect were chosen in order to have information concerning tangible and intangible elements of a public space, believing that in the right balance among these factors the quality can be achieved. The tangible elements concern the date of realization of the project, the institutions which were involved, the funds - for the project and its management -, the urban planning tool or the project idea and relative policies, the mobility and accessibility. The intangible elements concern the kind of uses - not only those which are designed, but the real ones - the elements that testify the success of the space, the livability, the presence of the space and the satisfaction of the visitors on the social media. Planimetry, images and main references complete the database. The general framework which emerges shows different design, planning, mobility, cultural, geographical, social and financial factors that can determine the quality of a public space. Emblematic case studies with particular attention to both the sustainable mobility and the policies will be showed. The cases include: Lungomare Matteotti in Pescara; Piazza Goldoni in Trieste; Largo Enrico Berlinguer, Stazione Toledo Napoli; Pista ciclabile lungo il Nera, Narni; Piazzale della Stazione, Padova; and Parco Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto in Torino. Each of these public space resolve in a different way both the themes of mobility and accessibility but have in common a sustainable approach. Topics concerning the fruition of these spaces and factors of success will complete the paper.

In recent years and in line with the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy, enhancing cultural heritage has undergone a radical change, shifting the emphasis from objects to the capacity of understanding by users. Therefore, correctly communicating cultural heritage becomes relevant, especially in an era where communication is often confused with marketing. Communication apparatus must effectively transmit the values of heritage in the widest possible sense, recognizing that Interpretation (Principle 3 of ICOM Charter on the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites) should explore the significance of a site in its multi-faceted historical, political, spiritual and artistic contest. At the same time, it is fundamental to widen the visitors’ audience through products and services aimed at heterogeneous groups of users, based on the analysis of visitor and non-visitors’ profiles, in line with the principles of Universal Design. As MiBACT suggests with the Guidelines for communication in museums, the driving questions for heritage communication projects are: Who to communicate? What to communicate? Where to communicate? How to communicate? Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) can effectively contribute to raise the accessibility of cultural heritage better promoting it to a wider range of different users. It is necessary to overcome the purely compensatory use of ICTs, but rather to promote a broader vision of policy making and strategic actions: physical, cognitive, sensorial and semiotic accessibility must be taken into account in a holistic strategy for heritage conservation. This paper will present the multidisciplinary VIP-FVG research, which starts by considering Accessibility and Inclusion as driver for an integrated approach to the enhancement and extended use of the historical and cultural heritage. The research purpose is to investigate the potentialities related to the communicability of the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (which architectural development started in 313 AD) to start a trial aimed to achieve quality improvement of the visit through a project that integrates the adoption of ICT. The introduction of ICT in cultural communication allows to better promote knowledge and increase accessibility, especially where the overcoming of some physical barriers is difficult due to problems related to the presence of restricted spaces. How to integrate a virtual museum and a tangible heritage? What tools can be adopted to facilitate access to cultural heritage, following the Design for all principles? How to measure the results?

This paper aims at understanding how a better relationship between infrastructures and landscapes can be established, by encouraging new ways to experience and effectively use the places that are located near the infrastructural nodes. The work starts from the identification of a specific case study: the landscape in-between the cities of Milan and Turin, that are connected by the infrastructural bundle made of the three lines of the regional / historical railways, the motorway and the new tracks of the high speed train. The research highlights cultural heritage sites and places of interest, points out a series of areas and routes that connect them with the infrastructure. The Milan 2015 Expo could in this sense be a very powerful catalyst, by encouraging these intermodal uses of the infrastructural bundle to reach and truly experience the agricultural and cultural landscapes located around it.