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All people have culture. When white educators in multicultural communities acknowledge their culture, they are not denying their white privilege, but rather making room for the realization that their teaching practices and learning environments are imbedded with their own cultural codes and traditions. When these educators claim that they do not have a culture, it hurts everyone and hurts those in their classes who presumably do. In this article, the author explores her own culture and discusses how denying or ignoring her cultural roots would hurt her and those around her who have a different culture.

When Billy boy was one, he learned to suck his thumb. Tapioca, tapioca, half past one, cross down When Billy boy was two, he learned to tie his shoe, Tapioca, […]

Liz Cohen is a partner at London law firm Bristows LLP, where she specialises in intellectual property matters with a particular focus on patent litigation. Her expertise lies in advising and representing businesses operating in the life sciences sector. Laura Peirson is a trainee in the IP Litigation practice of Bristows LLP.Patent laws in most European countries include an ‘experimental use’ exemption which permits the use of a patented invention for experimental purposes without infringing the rights of the patent holder. However, the legislation in this area varies throughout the EU according to how it has been implemented and subsequently interpreted by the national courts. This has led to uncertainty for companies operating in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries across Europe, due to the varying extent to which their activities can fall within the exemption in different Member States.More recently, experimental use in the life sciences sector has also been exempt from infringement if it is carried out to gain regulatory authorisation for generic products (the ‘EU Bolar‘ exemption). Since its introduction into UK law, the EU Bolar exemption has been the subject of a series of consultations, largely due to the UK’s relatively narrow implementation of the exemption and, in particular, the exclusion of innovative drugs from its protection. Consequently, the UK IPO is now proposing to amend the legislation to broaden the scope of the exemption.This article considers the issues surrounding the consultations and the plans to amend the Patents Act 1977 to expand the existing EU Bolar exemption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Medical image segmentation is a well-studied subject within the field of image processing. The goal of this research is to create an AI retinal screening grading system that is both accurate and fast. We introduce a new segmentation network which achieves state-of-the-art results on semantic segmentation of color fundus photographs. By applying the net-work to identify anatomical markers of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), we collect sufficient information to classify patients by grades R0 and R1 or above, M0 and M1., Methods: The AI grading system was trained on screening data to evaluate the presence of DR and DME. The core algorithm of the system is a deep learning network that segments relevant anatomical features in a retinal image. Patients were graded according to the standard NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Program feature-based grading protocol., Results: The algorithm performance was evaluated with a series of 6,981 patient retinal images from routine diabetic eye screenings. It correctly predicted 98.9% of retinopathy events and 95.5% of maculopathy events. Non-disease events prediction rate was 68.6% for retinopathy and 81.2% for maculopathy., Conclusion: This novel deep learning model was trained and tested on patient data from annual diabetic retinopathy screenings can classify with high accuracy the DR and DME status of a person with diabetes. The system can be easily reconfigured according to any grading protocol, without running a long AI training procedure. The incorporation of the AI grading system can increase the graders' productivity and improve the final outcome accuracy of the screening process.