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The article presents a report which provides preliminary data for 2020 from the health systems of 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that were obtained with a standardized data collection module for snakebite envenoming developed for the World Health Organization (WHO) integrated data platform (WIDP). Topics include epidemiological data on snakebites in sub-Saharan African countries and a survey on snakebite in national health programmes.

The article discusses how resort Kunapipi Gardens chief financial officer (CFO) Prisha Patel has developed a new income statement that better reflect the performance of the various divisions like hotel, golf, spa, and events. Also cited are a brief background of the company, which is headquartered in the Reno-Tahoe area in Nevada, and the use of the revenue per available room (RevPAR) as key performance measure in the hotel industry.

The article discusses the origin of the universe. The focus of the article is the universe's evolution from a quark soup to a complex system of galaxies, stars, planets, and life. Topics include an in-depth discussion on how the emergence of these features were guided by the basic laws of physics and the role of dark energy, which is an unknown form of energy that caused the expansion of the cosmos billions of years ago. INSET: In the Dark.

This article discusses how a new incarnation of Einstein's cosmological constant may point the way beyond general relativity. Quantum mechanics and relativity, combined with recent evidence of an accelerating universe, have led physicists to resurrect the cosmological term that Einstein introduced and later repudiated. But this term now represents a mysterious form of energy that permeates empty space and drives an accelerated cosmic expansion. The efforts to explain the origin of this energy may help scientists move beyond Einstein's theory in ways that are likely to change our fundamental understanding of the universe. The heart of Einstein's general theory of relativity is the field equation, which states that the geometry of spacetime (G subμν, Einstein's curvature tensor) is determined by the distribution of matter and energy (T subμν, the stress-energy tensor), where G is Newton's constant characterizing the strength of gravity. INSETS: A Change of Meaning;Models of the Cosmos: Then and Now;A Checkered History.

Discusses several unanswered questions about physics based on the theory of relativity of scientist Albert Einstein. Problem related to the attempt to reconcile gravity with quantum mechanics; Source of the concept of space and time; Acceleration of the expansion of the universe.

Distant supernovae are revealing the crucial time when the expansion of the universe changed from decelerating to accelerating. From the time of Isaac Newton to the late 1990s, the defining feature of gravity was its attractive nature. Gravity keeps us grounded. In 1998, however, researchers discovered the repulsive side of gravity. By carefully observing distant supernovae--stellar explosions that for a brief time shine as brightly as 10 billion suns-astronomers found that they were fainter than expected. But has the cosmic expansion been speeding up throughout the lifetime of the universe, or is it a relatively recent development--that is, occurring within the past five billion years or so? The answer has profound implications. Over the past decade, researchers have carefully calibrated the intrinsic luminosity of type la supernovae, so the distance to one of these explosions can be determined from its apparent brightness. Astronomers can deduce the recession velocity of a supernova by measuring the redshift of the light from the galaxy in which it lies. Although the space telescope remains the only means to probe the early history of cosmic expansion, more than half a dozen ground-based programs are trying to improve the precision of the measurement of recent cosmic speedup enough to reveal the physics of dark energy. INSETS: EXPANDING SPACE;How Can Gravity Be Repulsive?;THE TRANSITION POINT.

The article focuses on the reemergence of Albert Einstein's cosmological constant. Cosmological constant has reemerged to play a central role in 21st-century physics. It arises from recent observations of an accelerating universe and from the principles of quantum. mechanics. Physicists expect the cosmological term to provide the key to moving beyond Einstein's theory to understand space, time and gravity at a deeper level. INSETS: A Change of Meaning;Models of the Cosmos: Then and Now.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anistotraphy Probe (WMAP), conceived in 1995 and launched in June 2001, was a follow-up to NASA's Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (COBE), which, in 1992, discovered tiny (0.001 percent) variations in the intensity of cosmic microwave radiation across the sky. WMAP unveiled--with remarkable resolution--a seemingly absurd universe comprised of 0.5 percent visible matter (stars, dust, and gas), roughly 33 percent dark matter that holds the universe together, and roughly 66 percent mysterious dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe. Fritz Zwicky, the eccentric Swiss-American astronomer based at Caltech, pointed out in the 1930s that the individual members of the Coma cluster of galaxies were moving too fast to be bound by the gravitational effects of their stars alone. The infusion of particle physics into cosmology in the 1980s brought a revolutionary idea: Dark matter may exist as particles of a new form of matter. The particle dark matter idea got a boost in 1998. The Super-Kamiokande detector in Japan, studying neutrinos produced in Earth's atmosphere by cosmic rays and in the interior of the Sun, showed that neutrinos have mass, albeit very little. INSETS: WMAP CLOSE-UP;GRAVITATIONAL LENSING.

Focuses on the progress of cosmological studies through the proliferation of theories and technology. Understanding of the evolution of the universe; Nature of the interstellar dark matter; Fundamental predictions for the creation of the universe and stars.

Reports on the development of an integrated behavioral health information management system in a small community. Clinical system feature of the information management system project; Management system feature of the system; Conceptual framework for the information management system; Data flow per network model; Advantages associated with the selected electronic medical record.

We examine the thermal evolution of particle number densities in the early Universe when the particles have a finite diffusion length. Assuming that annihilations are impossible when the mean separation of the particles is larger than their diffusion length, we derive a version of the Boltzmann equation for freeze-out in this scenario and an approximate solution, accurate to better than 2%. The effect of a finite diffusion length is to increase the final relic freeze-out abundance over its corresponding value when diffusion effects are ignored. When diffusion is limited only by scattering off of the thermal background, and the annihilation cross section is bounded by unitarity, a significant effect on the freeze-out abundance requires a scattering cross section much larger than the annihilation cross section. A similar effect is demonstrated when the relic particles are produced via the freeze-in mechanism, but in this case the finite diffusion length is due to the scattering of particles that annihilate into the relic particle of interest. For freeze-in, the effect of a finite diffusion length is to reduce the final relic particle abundance. The effects of a finite diffusion length are most important when the scattering cross section or the relic mass are very large. While we have not found a particularly compelling example where this would affect previous results, with the current interest in new dark matter candidates it could become an important consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to James Whitfield's article "The Duke Disappears," from the August 2011 issue, discussing a 1961 art theft.

Presents a reply by Adam Riess and Michael Turner to letters to the editor about their article "From Slowdown to Speedup."

The hypothetical SU(3) flavor-singlet dibaryon state S with strangeness -2 has been discussed as a dark-matter candidate capable of explaining the curious 5-to-1 ratio of the mass density of dark matter to that of baryons. We study the early-universe production of dibaryons and find that irrespective of the hadron abundances produced by the QCD quark/hadron transition, rapid particle reactions thermalized the S abundance, and it tracked equilibrium until it "froze out" at a tiny value. For the plausible range of dibaryon masses (1860-1890 MeV) and generous assumptions about its interaction cross sections, S's account for at most 10-11 of the baryon number and, thus, cannot be the dark matter. Although it is not the dark matter, if the S exists, it might be an interesting relic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous manycore performance-portable programming models and libraries, such as Kokkos , have been developed to facilitate portability and maintainability of high-performance computing codes and enhance their resilience to architectural changes. Here we investigate the suitability of the Kokkos programming model for optimising the performance of the high-order mesh generator NekMesh , which has been developed to efficiently generate meshes containing millions of elements for industrial problem involving complex geometries. We describe the variational approach for a posteriori high-order mesh optimisation employed within NekMesh and its parallel implementation. We discuss its implementation for modern manycore massively parallel shared-memory CPU and GPU platforms using Kokkos and demonstrate that we achieve increased performance on multicore CPUs and accelerators compared with a native Pthreads implementation. Further, we show that we achieve additional speedup and cost reduction by running on GPUs without any hardware-specific code optimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a letter to the editor concerning "honour" killings of women in Jordan.

Focuses on the use of SanSonoma.com, an information technology (IT)-savvy importer of California wines, by Chris and Lauren Shannon to create an efficient way to connect Japanese restaurateurs to the wineries. Background of Chris and Lauren; Information on how the Shannons modernized SanSonoma's IT operations; Description of the system created by the Shannons.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "Einstein in a Nutshell," which discussed Albert Einstein's theories of relativity; "Einstein's Grand Quest for a Unified Theory," which tackled human observation; "A Tangled Life," which focused on scientist Albert Einstein.

Nektar ++ is an open-source framework that provides a flexible, high-performance and scalable platform for the development of solvers for partial differential equations using the high-order spectral/ h p element method. In particular, Nektar ++ aims to overcome the complex implementation challenges that are often associated with high-order methods, thereby allowing them to be more readily used in a wide range of application areas. In this paper, we present the algorithmic, implementation and application developments associated with our Nektar ++ version 5.0 release. We describe some of the key software and performance developments, including our strategies on parallel I/O, on in situ processing, the use of collective operations for exploiting current and emerging hardware, and interfaces to enable multi-solver coupling. Furthermore, we provide details on a newly developed Python interface that enables a more rapid introduction for new users unfamiliar with spectral/ h p element methods, C++ and/or Nektar ++. This release also incorporates a number of numerical method developments – in particular: the method of moving frames (MMF), which provides an additional approach for the simulation of equations on embedded curvilinear manifolds and domains; a means of handling spatially variable polynomial order; and a novel technique for quasi-3D simulations (which combine a 2D spectral element and 1D Fourier spectral method) to permit spatially-varying perturbations to the geometry in the homogeneous direction. Finally, we demonstrate the new application-level features provided in this release, namely: a facility for generating high-order curvilinear meshes called NekMesh ; a novel new AcousticSolver for aeroacoustic problems; our development of a 'thick' strip model for the modelling of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems in the context of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). We conclude by commenting on some lessons learned and by discussing some directions for future code development and expansion. Program Title: Nektar++ Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/9drxd9d8nx.1 Code Ocean Capsule: https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.9865757.v1 Licensing provisions: MIT Programming language: C++ External routines/libraries: Boost, METIS, FFTW, MPI, Scotch, PETSc, TinyXML, HDF5, OpenCASCADE, CWIPI Nature of problem: The Nektar ++ framework is designed to enable the discretisation and solution of time-independent or time-dependent partial differential equations. Solution method: spectral/ h p element method [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the significance of the role of teacher-examiners to the continuing professional development of teachers for the benefit of students in Great Britain. The effort of professional organizations Association of School and College Leaders, National Association of Head Teachers and Headmasters' and Headmistresses Conference and National Association of Head Teachers to address the issue regarding the effectiveness of teaching in the country.

Several letters to the editors are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Mercenary Merc" in the February 2015 issue, "Civil War Machine," and "Stampede."

Several letters are presented from readers responding to articles from past issues, including "The Amazing Race," "What's Love Got to Do With It," and "Life of Reilly," all from the October 8, 2007 issue, "