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This publication, produced by the Pennsylvania Cooperative Extension Service, is a non-technical guide to chemical control of aquatic vegetation. The purpose of this circular is to aid the land owner or manager in managing ponds, streams, and other water bodies for desired uses by managing the vegetation in, on, and around the water. Among the topics discussed are the growth and various types of algae; growth and types of flowering aquatic plants; the effects of the environment on growth; the contributions of aquatic plants to the environment; pollution associated with aquatic plant growth; and management and control of aquatic plants, including mechanical, environmental, and chemical controls. The chemical controls section briefly discusses treatments for various plant types and the possible effects of those treatments as well as dosage calculations, equipment, and application techniques. A short summary and a card showing various aquatic plants with recommended herbicide names are also included. The last half of the publication is a catalog of common aquatic plants. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University covers the identification and control of common ornamental trees, shrubs, and ground cover diseases. The publication is divided into sections. The first section discusses the diseases of ornamental and shade trees, including general diseases and diseases of specific plants. The second section discusses the diseases of shrubs, vines, and ground covers, including general diseases and diseases of specific plants. The third section discusses control measures for the plant diseases listed in the previous sections. Most of the information in this publication is grouped under specific plants and the plants are alphabetized for easy referral. Also, a small fourth section listing disease resistant of trees and discussing mixing preparations of wettable powder fungicides is included. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University examines weed control and identification in vegetable crops. Contents include: (1) Types of weeds; (2) Reducing losses caused by weeds, general control methods and home garden weed control; (3) How herbicides are used; (4) Specific weeds in vegetable plantings; and (5) Terms used in selective weed control. Additionally, this publication is written for the home gardener and does not discuss specific herbicides. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University discusses agricultural pesticide application equipment. The three sections of the publication are Power Sprayers, Power Dusters, and Aerial Equipment. In the section discussing power sprayers, subtopics include hydraulic sprayers, component parts, multi-purpose farm sprayers, and fog applicators. In the discussion of power dusters, subtopics include fans, distribution systems, mounting, and calibration. The subtopics in the discussion of aerial equipment include advantages and disadvantages of aerial application, swath width, type of aircraft, climate and operating conditions, and calibration. Some charts and diagrams are included where appropriate. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University discusses the control of vertebrate pests of urban and suburban ornamentals and turf. Specific pests described are blackbirds, chipmunks, moles, rabbits, and European starlings. Identification, habits, economic importance, and control methods ranging from poisoning to trapping and frightening are presented. A table of control chemical suggestions indicating repellents, toxicants, and fumicants for the pest species is included. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University is an introduction to weed control and herbicide use. An initial discussion of the characteristics of weeds includes scientific naming, weed competition with crops, weed dispersal and dormancy, and conditions affecting weed seed germination. The main body of the publication discusses herbicides. In this discussion topics included are: (1) growth-regulating herbicides; (2) contact herbicides; (3) chemical structure of herbicides; (4) herbicide formulations; (5) herbicide safety; (6) herbicide toxicity; and (7) factors affecting herbicide persistance. This publication could also be useful to people other than agricultural pesticide applicators. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University consists of conversion tables and formulas for determining concentration and rate of application of pesticides. Contents include: (1) Area and volume conversions; (2) Important conversion formulae; (3) Conversions for rates of application; (4) Quantities of pesticide necessary to achieve the same concentrations in various quantities of water; (5) Spray concentration conversions; (6) Tractor speed conversions; (7) Acres sprayed per tankful; and (8) Calibration of nozzle flow rates. Metric conversion factors are provided. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University discusses the control of common grass and broadleaf weeds through the use of mulches and herbicides. The section on mulches discusses the different types of mulching materials, their advantages and disadvantages, herbicide-mulch combinations, and lists source of supply and usefulness of the various mulching materials. The section on chemical weed control discusses sprayer calibration, weed control programs, and herbicide safety. Also, this section contains tables that show weed succeptability to seven common herbicides, the application rates of these herbicides, and landscape plants that are tolerant to these herbicides. (MR)

This document consists of four agriculture extension service publications from Pennsylvania State University. The titles are: (1) Important Insect Pests of Fruit; (2) Important Insect Pests of Nuts; (3) Field Crop Insect Pests; and (4) Insect Pests of Vegetable Crops. The first publication gives the hosts, injury, and description of 22 insect pests of fruit crops. The second publication discusses the habits and damage of various insect pests of chestnuts, hickory and pecan nuts, filberts and walnuts. A section on pesticides for control of some of these insects is also presented. The third publication describes the damage and habits of common pests of alfalfa, corn, oats, soybeans, and wheat in Pennsylvania. The final publication in this collection discusses the habits and damage of common vegetable crops including carrots, peas, potatoes, sweet corn, and tomatoes. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University examines agronomic weed problems and control. Contents include a listing of the characteristics of weeds, a section on herbicides, and a section on the important weeds of agronomic crops in Pennsylvania. The herbicide section discusses systemic herbicides, contact herbicides, time and method of application, structure, herbicide formulations, herbicide-fertilizer combinations, herbicide use safety, and herbicide persistance factors. The important weeds section examines Horsenettle, Johnsongrass, Nutsedge, Quackgrass, and Wild garlic. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University consists of four sections on plant disease recognition and control. The titles of these four sections are: (1) Some Important Diseases of Tree Fruits; (2) Diseases of Vegetable Crops; (3) Diseases of Crops; and (4) Diseases of Tree Nuts. The first section discusses the various disease causing organisms and gives hosts, symptoms, disease cycle, and control information for the tree fruit diseases which are alphabetized for easy reference. The second section specifically discusses the diseases of beans, crucifers, cucurbits, peas, potatoes, sweet corn, and tomatoes. The third section examines six common diseases of grapes in Pennsylvania. The final section describes Walnut Anthracnose, Walnut Blight, and Filbert Bacterial Blight. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University is a handbook for the water body manager. The bulk of the contents deals with aquatic plant control. The different types of aquatic plants, their reproduction and growth, and their role in the ecology of the water body are introduced in this main section. Also, the various management and control practices along with some safety precautions for using herbicides are discussed. In the second section the problem of fish management and control, including legal restrictions, is examined. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University discusses techniques and equipment used in spraying field crops. In the discussion of field hydraulic sprayers, specific topics include types of sprayers, tanks, pumps, pressure regulators, hoses, boom spraying, directed spraying, and nozzle bodies. In the discussion of weed sprayer operation, specific topics include sprayer calibration, useful formulae, cleaning sprayer, storing sprayer, and common sprayer troubles. In the third section of this publication, the discussion of air blast sprayers, specific topics include air blast spraying for row crops, operational procedures for air row crop sprayers, and sprayer calibration. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication of Pennsylvania State University discusses the damage from and control of vertebrate pests. Specific discussions describe the habits, habitat, and various control measures for blackbirds and crows, deer, meadow and pine mice, European starlings, and woodchucks. Where confusion with non-harmful species might exist, the identification of the species is emphasized. Control methods described for each species range from hunting and poisoning to fencing and frightening. Black and white pictures are presented for most pest species. A table of suggested chemicals is also included. (MR)

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University introduces the identification and control of common ornamental insect pests. For each of the insects or insect groups (i.e. aphids) identified in this publication, information on host plants, pest description, and damage caused by the pest is given. Also a calendar of insect problems and suggested control methods is included. This calendar indicates the insect pests, control insecticides, and the recommended concentration of insecticides with some application information according to treatment times. Insects mentioned in this publication are listed alphabetically and include Bagworm, Bronze Birch Borer, Dogwood Borer, Elm Bark Beetle, Gypsy Moth, Japanese Beetle, Lilac Borer, Oak Leafroller, Pine-Needle Scale, San Jose Scale, Spruce Budworm, and White-Pine Weevil. (MR)

This circular provides current information for homeowners who must repair or replace existing on-lot sewage disposal systems. Site requirements, characteristics and preparation are outlined for a variety of alternatives such as elevated sand mounds, sand-lined beds and trenches, and oversized absorption area. Diagrams indicating construction requirements are included. (CS)

This circular provides current information for homeowners who must repair or replace existing on-lot sewage disposal systems. Several alternatives such as elevated sand mounds, sand-lined beds and trenches and oversized absorption areas are discussed. Site characteristics and preparation are outlined. Each alternative is accompanied by a diagram indicating construction requirements. (CS)

This circular provides information to assist in assessing the pollution potential of liquid wastes from parlors and milkhouses. Approaches to resolving problems through stabilization lagoons, irrigation, and tank collection as mandated in statutory authority are discussed. (CS)