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In this paper, we demonstrate how the state-of-the-art machine learning and text mining techniques can be used to build effective social media-based substance use detection systems. Since a substance use ground truth is difficult to obtain on a large scale, to maximize system performance, we explore different feature learning methods to take advantage of a large amount of unsupervised social media data. We also demonstrate the benefit of using multi-view unsupervised feature learning to combine heterogeneous user information such as Facebook `"likes" and "status updates" to enhance system performance. Based on our evaluation, our best models achieved 86% AUC for predicting tobacco use, 81% for alcohol use and 84% for drug use, all of which significantly outperformed existing methods. Our investigation has also uncovered interesting relations between a user's social media behavior (e.g., word usage) and substance use.

In economics and psychology, delay discounting is often used to characterize how individuals choose between a smaller immediate reward and a larger delayed reward. People with higher delay discounting rate (DDR) often choose smaller but more immediate rewards (a "today person"). In contrast, people with a lower discounting rate often choose a larger future rewards (a "tomorrow person"). Since the ability to modulate the desire of immediate gratification for long term rewards plays an important role in our decision-making, the lower discounting rate often predicts better social, academic and health outcomes. In contrast, the higher discounting rate is often associated with problematic behaviors such as alcohol/drug abuse, pathological gambling and credit card default. Thus, research on understanding and moderating delay discounting has the potential to produce substantial societal benefits.

A well-collapse source-injection mode for SRAM SEU is demonstrated through TCAD modeling. The recovery of the SRAM s state is shown to be based upon the resistive path from the p+-sources in the SRAM to the well. Multiple cell upset patterns for direct charge collection and the well-collapse source-injection mechanisms are then predicted and compared to recent SRAM test data.

This viewgraph presentation reviews the simulation of Single Event Upset (SEU) cross sections using the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) resistance and electrode diffusion (MRED) tool using "Best guess" assumptions about the process and geometry, and direct ionization, low-energy beam test results. This work will also simulate SEU cross-sections including angular and high energy responses and compare the simulated results with beam test data for the validation of the model. Using MRED, we produced a reasonably accurate upset response model of a low-critical charge SRAM without detailed information about the circuit, device geometry, or fabrication process

This paper describes the development of an environmental risk-mitigation tool for the Chandra X-ray Observatory's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS). Because exposure to 100-200 keV protons appears to have degraded the front-illuminated CCD's charge transfer inefficiency (CTI), an accurate tool for predicting encounters with magnetospheric regions rich in these particles is required. We implement standard models to predict bow-shock, magnetopause, and plasma-sheet boundaries. Using these models and solar-wind databases compiled from IMP-8 and ACE measurements, we then calculate the probability that Chandra is located in one of these regions, along with predicted particle flux, to arrive at appropriate safing times for the ACIS detector. Finally, we validate this tool by comparing the model's boundary-crossing and proton flux predictions with measurements from Chandra's on-board particle detector and with data from other spacecraft operating in the Earth's magnetosphere.

SUNTRACKER program computes azimuth and elevation angles of Sun, as viewed from given position on Moon, during time defined by user. Program gets selenographic (moon-centered) position of Sun at given Julian date, then converts selenographic position of Sun into azimuth and elevation at given position on Moon. Written in FORTRAN 77.

This paper details a study undertaken to determine the extent of the response made by United States journalism organizations, wire services, and individual media to the pledges of collaboration with Third World media made at UNESCO General Conference meetings and to ascertain problems associated with the fulfillment of those pledges. In addition, it examines the nature and extent of cooperative efforts extended by the private sector in other Western nations. Various sections of the paper provide information on the purpose and method of the study and on the cooperative undertakings, including equipment, training programs, consultants, and other forms of collaboration. The paper also provides a summary, an evaluation, and the recommendations of the study. A list of members of the World Press Freedom Committee is appended. (FL)

The Portuguese press is now guaranteed free access to official sources of information, professional confidentiality, freedom of publication and of competition, and the independence of the professional journalist; yet its ability to influence public opinion is limited by a traditional expectation of governmental repression and by present financial difficulties. The government's control of five daily newspapers representing almost 50% of the daily press's total circulation, the disproportionate strengthening of state-owned newspapers by government grants based on circulation, and the politicization of most newspapers through government appointment of many newspaper directors are a few of the factors restricting newspapers' political independence. A readership limited to urban, educated citizens and the financial weakness of most newspapers--caused by low circulation, excessive competition, heavy printing costs, and inflation--are some of the sources of the newspapers' financial problems. The Portuguese press must continue to work toward political and economic independence in order to perform its duty of informing public opinion. (MM)

To explain how and why the Portuguese mass media constitute a frustrated Fourth Estate, this monograph summarizes the history and development of Portuguese media. The first section summarized the history of media legislation that has confronted Portuguese journalists and stunted the development of journalistic tradition. The second section presents current statistics on the circulation and consumption of Portugeuse mass media and recounts its historical development. The third section begins a close examination of media types by detailing the political and economic situations of Portuguese newspapers and magazines, while the fourth describes press associations and their governmental and economic connections. The fifth section details the state supported and Catholic radio stations and their formats, and the sixth section examines how television has become more dependent on government support, yet is supposedly free from political manipulation. A final section focuses on the development of mass communication education, describing the establishment of bachelor degree programs at Portuguese universities. The report concludes by examining, in brief, the current bleak state of professional journalism in Portugal and the threat posed to the press by proposed legislation that would seriously limit key rights of journalists. (CRH)