Search

The author calls on autistic speech-language pathologist (SLP) to creating different dimensions of autism for clients and families. Cited are the co-occurring conditions of autism that can have negative impacts on a person's independence and quality of life, the advantages of adopting a person-centered practice by SLP, and what the future of the disability and neurodiversity movements for speech-language pathology looks like.

In patients with a known history of abdominal trauma doctors should be aware of the possibility of diaphragmatic hernia. Congenital intrathoracic stomach is an uncommon pediatric diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with speech language pathologist (SLP) Cheryl Hersh is presented about how social determinants of health became critical driver of Massachusetts (Mass) General Brigham's pediatric feeding services. Hersh discusses how the pandemic and Mass General's interest in social determinants of health came together, effect of food insecurity on her patients, and other categories in the social determinants of health questionnaire.

The article discusses the essentials of the art, science and legalities of ophthalmic dispensing to children. It mentions that responsibility to ensure that supervision does not compromise patient care and safety is shared between the supervisor and those being supervised. It reveals that change in intervention level is seen clearly with pre-registration optometrists.

The article discusses cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI), a visual impairment resulting from damage to the visual pathways in the brain. Topics covered include a fundamental shift in the clinical profile of visual impairment in pediatric population, the current understanding of CVI in children, and a current study on children CVI to correlate any structural changes in the brain comparing these from children with normal vision and those with other forms of ocular blindness.

The article discusses encounter issues between applied behavioral analysis (ABA) and speech-language pathology (SLP) as of 2020. Topics covered include the possible clarification of tensions and their reconciliation by the autism spectrum, the historical involvement of ABA and SLP in autism, and their differing belief systems and approaches in autism programs. Also noted are the two fields' links in intervention, and of insufficient studies on the interventions' long-term improvements.

This article seeks to draw out exploratory approaches that I have used but, at the same time, it will add to the debate about how children and young people have been involved in co-creation approaches to support adults (families and health professionals) in shaping healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE), previously apparent life-threatening event (ALTE), a medical term in pediatrics that describes an event that occurs during infancy, and includes information on how emergency medical services providers should respond to BRUE cases. Criteria for BRUE include cyanosis, respiratory distress, and change in tone. Also mentioned are persistent symptoms, high- and low-risk infants, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

The author shares how she invented a three-dimensional (3D) printed product, an animal-shaped receptacle that eats speech language treatment materials dubbed Chomper Champs, for use in speech therapy to increase her pediatric patients' engagement with speech, language and feeding goals, and became and entrepreneur. She describes her experience of learning 3D printing and tells about the costs and pricing of 3D printing.

The article discusses inputs from a roundtable discussion that evaluated the incorporation of Oxervate (cenegermin) into the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis (NK). Topics discussed include background information about NK, review of relevant literature on NK and Oxervate clinical trial data, and identification of opportunities to raise NK awareness and treatment for NK. Also mentioned is the assessment and therapy of NK and selection of appropriate patients for Oxervate treatment.

The article discusses the guidelines released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the management of mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in children. The CDC provided recommendations for assessing and treating children with mTBI by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The agency also explored the incidence and prevalence of pediatric mTBI.

This report updates the 2010 recommendations from the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention of Japanese encephalitis (JE) among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers (Fischer M, Lindsey N, Staples JE, Hills S. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59[No. RR-1]). The report summarizes the epidemiology of JE, describes the JE vaccine that is licensed and available in the United States, and provides recommendations for its use among travelers and laboratory workers. JE virus, a mosquitoborne flavivirus, is the most common vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in Asia. JE occurs throughout most of Asia and parts of the western Pacific. Approximately 20%--30% of patients die, and 30%--50% of survivors have neurologic, cognitive, or behavioral sequelae. No antiviral treatment is available. Inactivated Vero cell culture--derived JE vaccine (Ixiaro [JE-VC]) is the only JE vaccine that is licensed and available in the United States. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed JE-VC for use in persons aged ≥17 years; in 2013, licensure was extended to include children aged ≥2 months. Most travelers to countries where the disease is endemic are at very low risk for JE. However, some travelers are at increased risk for infection on the basis of their travel plans. Factors that increase the risk for JE virus exposure include 1) traveling for a longer period; 2) travel during the JE virus transmission season; 3) spending time in rural areas; 4) participating in extensive outdoor activities; and 5) staying in accommodations without air conditioning, screens, or bed nets. All travelers to countries where JE is endemic should be advised to take precautions to avoid mosquito bites to reduce the risk for JE and other vectorborne diseases. For some persons who might be at increased risk for JE, the vaccine can further reduce the risk for infection. The decision about whether to vaccinate should be individualized and consider the 1) risks related to the specific travel itinerary, 2) likelihood of future travel to countries where JE is endemic, 3) high morbidity and mortality of JE, 4) availability of an effective vaccine, 5) possibility (but low probability) of serious adverse events after vaccination, and 6) the traveler's personal perception and tolerance of risk. JE vaccine is recommended for persons moving to a JE-endemic country to take up residence, longer-term (e.g., ≥1 month) travelers to JE-endemic areas, and frequent travelers to JE-endemic areas. JE vaccine also should be considered for shorter-term (e.g., <1 month) travelers with an increased risk for JE on the basis of planned travel duration, season, location, activities, and accommodations and for travelers to JE-endemic areas who are uncertain about their specific travel duration, destinations, or activities. JE vaccine is not recommended for travelers with very low-risk itineraries, such as shorter-term travel limited to urban areas or outside of a well-defined JE virus transmission season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to provide suggestions and ideas for examining the eyes of young children from nursery age upward, and to make the experience more useful and enjoyable for both the child and the practitioner. Topics include children need to be reviewed more frequently than adults so there is the chance to build up a good rapport with them and their families; and input into their visual development adds to their capability and self-assurance.

The article discusses the holding of a virtual summer camp for newly arrived refugee families by the University of Colorado and the International Rescue Committee (IRC) in summer 2020 amid the coronavirus pandemic. Topics covered include the camp's focus on social skills and the emotional well-being of children younger than 5, and support of language learning and reduction of language barriers. Also noted is its guidance of children on navigating technology.

The article presents a study which showed that dichoptic training is an effective therapy for patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Based on the study led by Doctor Carolina Picotti in Argentina, the procedure has enhanced the visual acuity (VA) and binocularity in children and adults with amblyopia. In the study, the researchers analyzed the changes in the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and binocular function score of the patients after the procedure.

The article discusses the effectiveness of central plication on the vertical rectus muscles as a feasible surgical procedure to treat the eye condition called diplopia, which is a secondary condition to small-angle vertical strabismus. According to Doctor Yi Ning J. Strube, their study showed that the procedure is effective as treatment. Also cited are the benefits of the procedure like it can be performed without topical anesthesia.

The article offers insights for successful working relationships between referring and receiving audiologists on hearing aid evaluations of young patients. Topics discussed include providing hearing test and report copies to patients and families, non-taking of offense in retesting of the patient's hearing, and allowing the receiver to complete the device selection. Also noted is the appropriate interaction between audiologists on hearing aids.

The article discuss cataract in the paediatric setting and aspects of modern management as recent advances in diagnosis and management, congenital and childhood cataract can be difficult to manage and remains a major cause of lifelong visual impairment. Topics include understanding of the neurophysiology of the developing visual system has informed management of affected children; and retinal detachment resulting from conditions such as Coats' disease and retinopathy of prematurity.

The article describes how best to dispense an optical appliance to a child. Topics discussed include role of undeveloped nasal bridge to give children a negative bridge projection; change in facial anthropometry as a patient grows and their facial structure develops; and bridge measurements for children over a range of ages.

The article focuses on when and how to perform the refractice surgery in pediatrice patients. The main indications for refractive surgery in the pediatric population are anisometropic amblyopia and bilateral high ametropia. There have been some studies of the role of refractive surgery for high accommodative esotropia.

The article describes the assessment and management of the various forms of blepharitis that can appear in a paediatric clinic. Topics discussed include role of changes to the constituents of meibum to cause an increase in its melting point contributing to the obstruction of flow in blepharitis; association between seborrhoeic dermatitis and seborrhoeic blepharitis; and correlation between ocular and cutaneous signs.

The article discusses the assessment, differential diagnosis and management of the various forms of paediatric glaucoma C59584, one distance learning point suitable for optometrists and therapeutic optometrists. Topics include Paediatric glaucoma is a sight-threatening condition that needs early identification and treatment; and the first manifestation of syndromes which require multi-disciplinary medical input, such as neurofibromatosis.

The article discusses the role of pediatric ophthalmology in the detection and treatment of dyslexia, a language-based learning disability. Topics discussed include the consequences of untreated dyslexia among children, the difficulties found in dyslexia caused by a phonological deficit, physical basis for dyslexia in language-related areas of the brain and some myths and misperceptions in dyslexia and its causes.

The article focuses on the treatment of pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) commonly caused due to toxicity of Vitamin A. Topics discussed are epidemiology of the disease which was formerly called meningitis serosa in connection with production of cerebrospinal fluid in human body, demographics of IIH in pediatric patients, and successful treatment with Acetazolamide, Topiramate and Furosemide.

The article announces the winners of the 2017 American Hospital Association (AHA) NOVA Awards including CHI St. Gabriel's Health in Minnesota for its handling of opioid overdoses, Children's Health in Texas for its initiative in fighting childhood asthma, and Memorial Healthcare System in Florida for its holistic approach in helping young people.

The article presents information on the article "How to use an automated external defibrillator following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest," by E. Simpson. Topics discussed include preparation and equipment, procedure, evidence base, transthoracic impedance, and factors that determine success of defibrillation.

Foreign body ingestion and foreign body aspiration commonly affect children. The most vulnerable age is between six months and four years, when children tend to explore new objects with their mouths. Many of these events remain asymptomatic, with the swallowed object passing through the gastrointestinal tract without causing harm. However, the frequency of serious complications as a result of the ingestion of hazardous objects has increased in recent years, in particular button batteries and magnets. To increase the likelihood of identifying foreign body ingestion and aspiration, healthcare professionals should maintain a high index of suspicion, be aware of the variation in presentations and include it as a differential diagnosis in children presenting with non-specific symptoms, such as fever, cough, drooling, dysphagia and abdominal pain. Management of most foreign body ingestions is conservative, using a 'watch-and-wait' approach. Children should be triaged as an emergency if they have signs or symptoms of airway obstruction or a history that indicates dangerous foreign body ingestion. Early recognition and management leads to improved outcomes for patients. Nurses have a vital role in providing education and practical advice to parents, which reduces the occurrence of these events. Stronger legislation is required to ensure manufacturers emphasise the potential dangers of certain products and design child-safe devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 10-year-old African-American boy who was diagnosed with retinal detachment. Topics discussed include the diagnosis of pediatric detachment that includes congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, the medical history of the patient, and the visual acuity based on an ocular examination. Information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of choroidal hemangioma is also provided.

The article discusses the challenges of tube shunts in pediatric glaucoma surgery. Topics include the challenges that surgeons are confronted with surgically in these eyes, special cases among this patient population, and Doctor Elena Bitrian's suggestions for successful tube shunt surgeries in children.

Accurate assessment of pain in children and young people is an essential nursing skill that forms the basis of any pain management intervention. This article outlines the different tools available to assess acute and chronic pain in children and young people. Validity and reliability of these tools is discussed and the importance of factors such as level of cognitive development and age are emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common cause of non-organic recurrent abdominal pain in children. IBS is a clinical diagnosis, which is based on the Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children, as well as the patient's history. The diagnosis of IBS is established following the exclusion of organic causes of recurrent abdominal pain. Staggered investigations should be avoided because they might increase the child's and family's anxiety in the absence of an organic diagnosis. In most cases, providing a positive diagnosis of IBS and explaining the current understanding of the functional pathophysiology of the condition and management strategies gives reassurance to the child and their family. Management is based on dietary, pharmacological and biopsychosocial interventions. IBS can be a debilitating condition, with effects on activities of daily living, education and social interactions. Nurses working in various clinical settings will encounter children with IBS and have an important role in the management of children with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how microinstrumentation provides surgeons increased control when managing challenges of pediatric congenital cataract. Topics covered include the challenge of pediatric cataract surgery for surgeons, popularity of acrylic intraocular lens (IOLs) over polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) IOLs, and a decrease in postoperative inflammation in children with uveitic cataracts with the use of heparin-surface-coated PMMA IOLs.

The article deals with the decision of the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to recommend approval of the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger. Topics covered vaccine changes in the 2019 immunization schedule for children and adolescents and the changes that affect multiple portions of the schedule.

The article provides information on a study conducted by Jenay Yuen and colleagues on the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic shutdown on the odds of pediatric ophthalmology visit completion, along with factors associated with receiving visits via telemedicine. Topics discussed include decline in the completion rate of scheduled visits in 2020 and factors predicting remote ophthalmic visits in 2020.

The article focuses on the Teenage Open-chest Model (TOM) created by clinicians at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, England. Topics covered include the goal of enabling clinicians to carry out the critical life-saving care needed by children with heart problems, the use of simulation training to address human factors and complex team dynamics which affect patient safety and the concept of the SPRinT simulated interprofessional team training programme.

Patient and parent education for children with eczema should follow a consistent approach, guided by an established framework that combines aspects of nursing, education and cognitive psychology. Using the framework enables nurses to understand how to use and develop their skills when providing education about the management of eczema in children, and enables patients and parents to understand and develop the skills required to manage a chronic condition such as eczema. This framework is transferable to the adult context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the challenges encountered in planning the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. Topics mentioned include the importance of integrating pediatric design into the facility, various accessibility needs of pediatric patients as well as family support spaces, and use of the theme of "Children in Motion" in designing the facility. INSET: How CHOP builds for future needs of community.

This article provides an overview of the nursing considerations for paediatric anaesthesia. It is aimed at newly qualified operating department practitioners and anaesthetic nurses, and those with limited experience in the care of paediatric patients. It explores the ways in which paediatric anatomy and physiology differ from those of adults and looks at the implications for treatment in the anaesthetic environment. It also discusses the equipment required and the rationale for its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author offers tips on how to optimize treatment of children with autism, particularly those with high level of arousal by presenting her own experiences. Also cited are the possible factors that may affect a child's state of regulation, why children in hyper-aroused state cannot focus on language learning and communication, and some recommended steps to maintain the arousal levels of children with autism.

The article emphasizes the importance of genetic testing to confirm an ocular genetics disorder, according to ophthalmologist Ajoy Vincent at the 32nd Annual Jack Crawford Day held virtually in April 2022. Topics discussed include referral of pediatric cases to an ocular genetics clinic, workflow in ocular genetics, and nystagmus in children.

The article discusses the techniques for a pediatric eye examination. These include building a rapport with the young patient and his family and setting a relaxed tone to reassure the younger patients, having the child sit in a different seat or sit on the floor when reading an eye chart and increasing the children's participation in their medical care commensurate with their age.

Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disorder caused by ingestion of gluten. The condition presents classically with gastrointestinal signs including diarrhoea, bloating, weight loss and abdominal pain, but presentations can include extra-intestinal symptoms such as iron-deficiency anaemia, faltering growth, delayed puberty and mouth ulcers. Some children are at higher risk of developing coeliac disease, for example those with a strong family history, certain genetic disorders and other autoimmune conditions. If coeliac disease is suspected, serological screening with anti-tissue transglutaminase titres should be performed and the diagnosis may be confirmed by small bowel biopsy while the child remains on a normal (gluten-containing) diet. Modified European guidelines recommend that symptomatic children with anti-tissue transglutaminase titres more than ten times the upper limit of normal, and positive human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 status, do not require small bowel biopsy for diagnosis of coeliac disease. Management of the disease involves strict adherence to a lifelong gluten-free diet, which should lead to resolution of symptoms and prevention of long-term complications. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the varied presentations of coeliac disease to ensure timely screening and early initiation of a gluten-free diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the challenges faced by optometrists and suggestions to tackle them while prescribing medication to patients including choices between branded and generic drugs, dealing with limited supply and prescribing for children. It discusses issues faced by doctors practicing in a state that has restrictive prescribing privileges, not prescribing to patients who expect a prescription or changing a prescription provided to a referred patient.

The article offers information on procedures used during pediatric eye screening. Topics discussed include the importance of gaining pertinent history and relevant clinical information to help physicians diagnose properly, an overview of the five basic components of pediatric eye examination which include history and chief complaint, sensorimotor evaluation, and visual acuity testing, and a discussion on the causes of decreased vision in infancy such as developmental malformations.

The article discusses the challenges of population health management and value-based contracting. It also presents the difficulties experienced by four health systems in the U.S. including out-of-network cost utilization for North Shore-LIJ Health System, utilization of population management tools by doctors for Heartland Regional Medical Center in Illinois, and extension of pediatric network to rural areas for UH Rainbow Care Network.

The article discusses the important role of pediatric audiologists (PA) in the early diagnosis of autism. Topics mentioned include the co-occurrence of hearing loss and autism spectrum disorder, and the autism-sensitive strategies that PA can use to improve care for autistic children including the importance of considering the child's interest when selecting reinforcers and the need for the incorporation of visual supports in the audiological assessment of children.

The article reports developments in the healthcare sector in Great Britain following the exit of the country as member of the European Union (EU) as of early December 2016. Also cited are the claim by Royal College of Nursing (RCN) Research Society professional adviser Ann McMahon that the exit was unexpected, the guaranteed funding for EU-funded research projects as cited by Chancellor Philip Hammond, and the activities of the European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS).