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Enzymes derived from microbial sources have gained increasing popularity in industrial applications over the past decades. Despite the high production cost, alkaline proteases have wide applications in industries such as tanneries, food production, and detergents. In recent years, there has been a shift towards utilizing natural carbon sources for cultivating microorganisms and extracting proteases in order to reduce production costs. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and kinetic properties of protease enzymes obtained from Aspergillus niger cultivated in a paper waste medium and compare with the enzyme produced in a basal medium. Glucose is a more favorable carbon source compared to cellulose, so paper waste was pretreated with cellulose-degrading bacteria to convert cellulose into smaller carbohydrates. After the growth of A. niger in basal and combinational media, the enzymatic properties were compared between the extracted enzymes by using casein as substrate. The results demonstrated that A. niger could produce protease enzymes in the paper waste medium similar to the basal medium with more than 5-fold cost saving. The specific activity of the enzymes isolated from the basal and paper waste media was calculated to be 184.95 ± 10.56 U ml−1 and 169.88 ± 11.05 U ml−1, respectively. Carbon sources did not affect the optimum pH and temperature of the protease enzyme, which were found to be 8 and 37 °C, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the production of alkaline protease from A. niger using a combinational medium (paper waste pretreated by cellulose-degrading bacteria), offering a cost-effective approach for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon paper is one of the most widely used gas diffusion layer substrate materials due to its stable performance, relatively low cost, and easy for subsequent processing. Water-soluble phenolic resin, which is more ecologically friendly than alcohol-soluble phenolic resin, was used to prepare carbon paper as the precursor of the carbon matrix. And the effect of different resin solution concentrations on the properties of carbon paper was explored. The results showed that the graphitization, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon paper increased with the increase of resin solution concentration. When the concentration of resin solution was 20 wt%, the performance of carbon paper was relatively optimal. The graphitization of the carbon paper reached 65.45%, the porosity reached 80.74%, the resistance value at 1 MPa pressure was only 7.61 mΩ cm2, the tensile strength was 1.57 MPa, and the elastic modulus was 1210.98 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerogel composites reinforced by fibers have found extensive applications in the field of thermal insulation and energy conservation. However, the composites are hindered by their high infrared radiation transmittance and weak interface adhesion in practical applications. Herein, we designed and prepared a novel thin composite called 'fiber/whisker/aerogel paper' (SWAP) with a thickness of less than 1 mm. The SWAP integrated SiC nanowhiskers (SiC nw) as opacifiers and ultrafine SiO 2 fibers as reinforcement, fabricated through wet manufacturing and sol-gel process. The 'fiber/aerogel paper' (SAP) and SWAP exhibited low thermal conductivity at room temperature, measuring 0.025 W/(m·K) and 0.033 W/(m·K), respectively. Additionally, they exhibited low densities of 0.195 g/cm3 and 0.225 g/cm3, respectively. Notably, SWAP exhibited excellent high-temperature insulation performance, primarily due to its low infrared transmittance (50% at 3 μm). The incorporation of SiC nw and ultrafine SiO 2 fibers collectively enhanced the interfacial adhesion with the aerogel matrix even amidst rigorous testing (weight loss less than 3%). SWAP also demonstrated flexibility, high thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and flame resistance. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the performance variations and influencing g factors of the material was conducted under different heat treatment conditions. This research provides guidance for the application of such materials under high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZrO 2 fiber paper exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties, however, its limited mechanical strength and insufficient thermal stability hinder its widespread applications. The composite fiber papers, using mullite fibers possessing a high aspect ratio and exceptional thermal stability combined with ZrO 2 fibers, were fabricated via a vacuum-assisted filtration method. This method involved the successive stacking of composite fibers with alumina sol, using vacuum-induced directed water flow to create a layered structure reminiscent of nacre. The layered structure of the nacre, which demonstrates remarkable strength and hardness, has also served as a source of inspiration for the architectural design of the fiber paper. The tensile strength of pure ZrO 2 fiber paper was significantly enhanced by the addition of 7 wt% mullite fibers, resulting in a remarkable increase to 0.1805 kN/m. The paper exhibited exceptional resistance to bending, maintaining 96 % of its bending strength even after undergoing 100 cycles. The thermal shrinkage of the composite paper, containing 15 wt% mullite fibers, was reduced from 17.75 % observed in pure ZrO 2 fiber paper to a mere 1.32 % after undergoing heat treatment at a temperature of 1300 °C for 2 h. The composite paper, measuring 5 mm in thickness and consisting of 7 wt% compositions, displayed exceptional thermal insulation properties when exposed to a hot side temperature of 1370 °C. It effectively insulated temperatures up to approximately 1000 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of porous SiC ceramics derived from highly-filled preceramic papers. The SiC ceramics were obtained by spark plasma sintering of stacked preceramic papers at temperatures of 2100 and 2200 °C under pressures of 5–60 MPa for 10 min. The microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Gas permeation tests were performed using hydrogen permeation cell at room temperature. It is revealed that the porosity of sintered SiC can be varied from 9 to 45 % depending on the sintering parameters. The shrinkage of the materials during spark plasma sintering occurs in four stages. The linear shrinkage value of the material increases from 7 to 47 % at 2100 °C and from 20 to 50 % for the samples sintered at 2100 and 2200 °C, respectively. Correlation dependencies between porosity and mechanical properties of the fabricated SiC were established. The obtained porous SiC ceramics exhibit high bending strength of 165 MPa and gas permeation flux of 78 molH 2 /m2/s at the porosity of 36 % that make it suitable for ceramic-based membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly strict supervision of the ecological environment and the continuous improvement of pollution control requirements, there are many options for water pollution control technology in the pulp and paper industry. How to choose reasonable and effective control technology has become the focus of attention. In this paper, a water pollution control technology evaluation model based on the Pythagorean language neutrosophic set (PLNS) is proposed for the first time. Firstly, the concept of PLNS is defined and its characteristics are discussed. Then the score function and accuracy function of the Pythagorean language neutral number (PLNN) are defined. To apply PLNNs to multi-attribute decision-making, PLNN power-weighted geometric operator (PLNNPWG) and PLNNPWG geometric Heronian mean operator (PLNNPWG-GHM) are proposed and a multi-attribute decision-making method is proposed. Finally, this method is used to evaluate the water pollution control technology of the pulp and paper industry. Through the experimental results, it can be seen that if the comprehensive weights are used, elemental chlorine-free (ECF) clean bleaching technology is the best choice, when using single weights to calculate, in technical characteristics, ECF clean bleaching performed best. In economic cost, chlorination, enhanced alkali treatment, hypochlorite (CEH) three-stage bleaching performed best. In operation management and environmental impact, ECF clean bleaching and total chlorine-free (TCF) clean bleaching had almost the same score. This model can provide a reliable basis for enterprises to choose the appropriate water pollution control technology and also provide strong support for the management department to recommend the best feasible technology. [Display omitted] • Propose the Pythagorean language neutrosophic set (PLNS). • Define the score function and accuracy function of Pythagorean language neutral number (PLNN). • Propose the PLNN power-weighted geometric (PLNNPWG) and PLNNPWG geometric Heronian mean (PLNNPWG-GHM) operators. • Propose a decision-making method to evaluate the water pollution control technology of pulp and paper industry. • Provide strong support for the management department to recommend the best feasible technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synergy in the co-processing of lignocellulosic wastes and municipal biowaste (MB) can unlock their potential for biobutanol production. This study assessed the potential for biobutanol production through the co-processing of lignocellulosic waste and MB. Specifically, it compared the co-processing of paper waste with MB to that of garden waste and MB. Ethanol organosolv pretreatment served as a dual-function process for both pretreatment and detoxification purposes. Initial fermentation of hydrolysates from untreated paper waste using Clostridium acetobutylicum produced 0.9 g/L of acetone and ethanol but no detectable butanol. Organosolv pretreatment led to a significant increase in acetone and ethanol production but did not yield butanol. Co-processing paper waste with MB using organosolv pretreatment resulted in the production of 2.8–3.2 g/L butanol, along with increased acetone and ethanol production. Furthermore, co-processing a 1:1 (w/w) mixture of paper waste and MB under mild and severe pretreatment conditions produced 45.5 g and 43.4 g butanol, respectively, compared to 34.8 g and 14.4 g butanol when processing these waste streams separately. The study also explored the positive impact of co-processing garden waste with MB, a distinct lignocellulosic source, enhancing acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) yield by 27–40%. These findings highlight the potential of synergistic waste co-processing for achieving a more suitable balance of nutrients to enhance biobutanol and ABE production from biowastes. Additionally, the simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic waste and municipal biowaste offers a simplified approach to waste processing, contributing to advancements in sustainable biomass utilization and bioenergy production. [Display omitted] • The fermentation of the paper-derived hydrolysates led to acetone but not butanol. • Co-processing with municipal biowaste led to butanol production from paper waste. • The synergy of co-processing and organosolv pretreatment led to higher ABE yields. • The pretreatment positively affected the starch release and cellulose hydrolysis. • Ethanol is a byproduct used as a pretreatment agent to help process circularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Optimization study of Photo-Fenton and PDS/UV processes for BOD and COD removal. • Photo-Fenton process was able to enhance biodegradability. • PDS/UV process on the best condition only could maintain the biodegradability. • The operational cost of Photo-Fenton processes is much cheaper than PDS/UV process. The aim of this study is to provide an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) based solution to enhance biological treatment efficiency by improving biodegradability of wastewater. Photo-Fenton and Peroxydisulfate (PDS)/UV processes were selected in this study as a representative of hydroxyl and sulfate radical based AOPs. A central composition design (CCD) employed to optimize operational cost and BOD/COD ratio to determine optimal conditions for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency. The study achieved a maximum COD removal of 71.5 % and increased wastewater biodegradability. Optimal conditions for Photo-Fenton process were DOD (H 2 O 2) 0.28, [Fe2+] 106.26 mg/L, and pH 2.32, costing 2.27 USD per 1 kg COD removed. For PDS/UV process, 75.5 % COD removal was achieved at a cost of 10.6 USD/1 kg removed COD. The PDS/UV process had higher COD removal than Photo-Fenton but did not improve wastewater biodegradability. Optimal conditions were DOD (PDS) 0.19, pH 6.68, costing 10.6 USD/1 kg COD removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraft paper (KP) has the advantages of being biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. It has a wide range of applications in paper packaging, food packaging, and other fields. However, the non-waterproof characteristic of KP limits its application in harsh environments or special paper packaging, etc. To solve the problem of poor water resistance of KP, a simple and efficient method is proposed to prepare superhydrophobic coatings on kraft paper (SKP) by spraying method using hydrophobic Nano-calcium carbonate (Nano-CaCO 3) particles and rosin (RA) as raw materials. Here, the micro-nano structures are mainly constructed by hydrophobic Nano-CaCO 3 particles, and RA is utilized as a binder to improve the adhesion between the nanoparticles and the paper. The results indicated that the water contact angle (WCA) of SKP reached 154.5° and the water sliding angle (WSA) was 3.2°. And after 34 h of immersion in water, the WCA of SKP surface can remain above 150°. It can also withstand 30 times of sandpaper abrasion and 30 times of tape peeling. Overall, SKP shows excellent stability, water resistance, stain resistance and self-cleaning. It is expected to protect important documents in harsh environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Designing materials using rice-leaf-mimetic paper as a substrate. • Engineering rice-leaf-mimetic paper with hydrochromic dyes or biolubricants. • Processes based on mass-producible papermaking unit operations. Biomimetics has revolutionized materials innovation by drawing inspiration from biological systems. Cellulosic paper, a sustainable biomaterial, offers immense potential for biomimetic research. Paper-based biomimetic materials, which replicate the structures and functionalities of natural materials by utilizing the cellulosic fiber network as a substrate or skeleton, provide customizable functional properties, thereby enabling advanced applications. Here, we introduce rice-leaf-mimetic paper, inspired by the leaf's microstructure and biowax-based cuticle. This paper exhibits self-cleaning superhydrophobicity and showcases possibilities for additional functionalities, including antibacterial properties and food preservation, as evidenced in our prior research. We propose its utilization as a substrate for rewritable and biolubricant-infused surfaces. These somehow distinct surfaces draw inspiration from the chemistry and microstructure of the rice leaf. Although incorporating hydrochromic dyes enables rewritability, controlling the retention time of colors remains challenging. The biowaxy structure of the paper prolongs color maintenance by inhibiting water evaporation. Moreover, the hierarchically rough microstructure of rice-leaf-mimetic paper effectively stores biolubricant molecules, reducing friction and enhancing slipperiness. Surface microcavity ratio analysis provides insights into the paper's biolubricant-storability. The surface engineering of rice-leaf-mimetic paper using hydrochromic dyes or biolubricants holds potential for designing novel materials. Unveiling the vast potential of easily scalable papermaking processes alongside biomimetics and surface engineering opens new avenues for materials innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Liquid water saturation in carbon paper is measured • Quantifies the capillary trapping effect of isolated water drops in carbon papers • Proposes a model describing liquid water drops transport In previous macroscopic average models of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), liquid water was assumed to be continuous throughout the carbon paper. The transport of disconnected water drops in carbon paper has long been neglected in these models, which tend to underestimate water saturation in carbon paper. This study proposes a two-phase flow model that considers the transport of disconnected water drops to simulate the air-water transport in carbon paper. The proposed model was established based on the relationship between capillary force and liquid water saturation, and this relationship was obtained by conducting centrifuge experiments. In the centrifuge experiment, initially, the water saturation inside the carbon paper sample was one, and the centrifugal acceleration was zero. As the centrifugal acceleration increased, the water saturation decreased owing to the centrifugal force. After twenty seconds, the water saturation no longer decreases because the centrifugal force on the liquid water is balanced by the capillary force. Centrifugal acceleration was used to evaluate the capillary force. When the centrifugal acceleration was 185 m s − 2 , the saturation of the water drops in the balanced state was 32.0%. As the centrifugal acceleration increases to 739 m s − 2 , the saturation decreases to 6.5%. According to the experimental results, a function correlating the saturation and centrifugal acceleration, that is, the capillary force, was established. Finally, the results show that the centrifugal acceleration is more than 18.5 times that of the gravitational acceleration, indicating that the effect of gravity on the motion of water drops is negligible. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic ozonation processes with continuous-flow reactors were used for pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • The pulp and paper wastewater is treated effectively by catalytic ozonation with continuous-flow reactor. • The porous ceramsite catalytic ozonation can be used for continuous-flow process. • The porous ceramsite catalyst is continuously and stably operated for 30 days. • The lowest E EO value is reached at the O 3 dosage of 15 g/L. • The degraded or transformed organic pollutants present in PPMW by O 3 alone system and catalytic ozonation system were identified. The pollutants in wastewater can be degraded effectively by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation due to the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) with strong oxidation power. For the natures of low weight, large specific surface area, excellent physical strength and stable chemical characteristics, the porous ceramsite was chosen for catalytic ozonation of wastewater in the present study, and the practical application parameters of the system were investigated for the actual pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPMW) in the continuous-flow reactor including temperatures, feeding flow rate, O 3 flow rate and O 3 dosage. The optimum experimental conditions were obtained (T = 25 ℃, feeding flow rate = 0.25 L/min, O 3 flow rate = 0.5 L/min, O 3 dosage = 15 g/L) for the process of catalytic ozonation. The results show that the effluent concentration of COD decreases from about 200 mg/L to 10 mg/L, namely the removal efficiency is about 95 %. The stability of the catalyst over time was tested in the continuous-flow reactor for 48 days, confirming that the porous ceramsite exhibits good performance in 30 days. The reusability of the catalyst was studied after the used catalyst was washed with Milli-Q water and ethanol, exhibiting good catalytic activity of the regenerated catalyst in three cycles. The fluorescent excitation-emission matrix (EEM), UV–vis analysis and GC–MS analysis were used for analyzing the organic pollutants in raw PPMW and after treatment. These results indicate that the process of catalytic ozonation with porous ceramsite has a high treatment efficiency on PPMW, and the continuous-flow reactor can be more practically used for a full-scale community PPMW application at a mill level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance aramid papers are ideal insulating materials in the electric industry, due to their superior mechanical strength and insulation capabilities. However, when subjected to prolonged high-voltage and high-power operations, these papers are prone to electrical damage, such as breakdown or corona aging. Unfortunately, most damaged aramid papers are viewed as mere waste, discarded through landfill or other unsustainable disposal methods. It is not only contrary to circular economy principles but also poses a significant environmental threat due to the potential for pollution. Herein, a closed-loop recycling strategy is proposed that efficiently and effectively reclaims electrically damaged meta-aramid papers. Using the DMAc/LiCl deprotonation system, waste aramid papers are completely decomposed into molecular chains, exposing carbon residues resulting from electrical breakdown. These carbon residues are removed through a step-by-step purification process. A reprotonation treatment is then applied to regenerate new meta-aramid papers by reforming the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This approach not only fully restores the original honeycomb-like structure but also ensures the crystallization and hydrogen bond content, maintaining both electrical and mechanical properties at above 90 % of their original values. Notably, our recycling method is also compatible with aramid-based composites, achieving exceptional recycling efficiency. [Display omitted] • Electrically damaged meta-aramid paper can be recycled in a closed loop. • The DMAc/LiCl system completely dissolves waste aramid into PMIA molecular chains. • Carbon residues induced by electrical breakdown can be removed by purification. • The synergistic conservation of electrical and mechanical properties exceeds 90 %. • Closed loop recycling strategy is also viable for inorganic-aramid composite paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commented paper claimed the preparation of a new compound, Bi 1/2 Li 1/2 Fe 1/2 W 1/2 O 3. By this commentary, we show that erroneous experimental evidence was provided for such claims. We demonstrate that the main phase in the commented paper is Bi 2 WO 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of waste papers by conversion into valuable carbon materials has received considerable attention for diverse applications such as energy storage and water purification. However, traditional methods for converting waste papers into materials with suitable properties for specific applications are often complex and ineffective, involving consecutive carbonization and activation steps. Herein, we propose a simple one-step microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis for preparing waste paper-derived porous carbons (WPCs) for energy storage and water purification. Through a 30-min synthesis, WPCs with graphitic structure and high specific surface area were successfully produced. The fabricated WPCs exhibited outstanding charge storage capability with a maximum specific capacitance of 237.7 F g−1. Additionally, the WPC demonstrates a high removal efficiency for various dyes, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 95.0% for methylene blue. The developed one-step MW synthesis not only enables the production of porous carbon from waste paper, but also offers a viable approach to address solid waste management challenges while simultaneously yielding valuable materials. [Display omitted] • Waste paper-derived porous carbons were synthesized by one-step microwave synthesis. • Within 30-min MW synthesis, graphitic and high-surface area WPCs were produced. • WPC exhibits outstanding electrochemical capacitance of 237.7 F g−1. • WPC exhibits high removal of various dyes, with maximum of 95.0% for methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Paper mill sludge ash (pm SA) was used as catalysts to activate PMS. • Aerobic calcination was conducive to the exposure/formation of octahedral FeIII. • The O O bond fracture was the root pathway for FeIV O production. • The release of solid calcium in pm SA could inhibit the active decay of FeIV O. • The pm SA could effectively degrade similar pollutants in near-neutral water. The excellent performance of high-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV O) in the degradation of pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) had attracted much attention. However, the generation and reaction mechanisms were still unclear. In this study, iron-rich paper mill sludge was used as a raw material for the first time to prepare iron-based catalysts with abundant octahedral FeIII sites (Fe oct III). The results showed that the highest content of Fe oct III was found in the paper mill sludge ash obtained by aerobic calcination at 800 °C (pm SA800), and the pm SA800 could exhibit excellent catalytic activity (0.4785 min−1) and stability during the oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation process. The characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicated that the Fe oct III was the dominant active site for FeIV O production. PMS tended to be adsorbed on two adjacent Fe oct III sites to form a [Fe oct III-OSO 2 OO(H)-Fe oct III] complex with a two-site adsorption configuration. Subsequently, the O O and O H bonds in [Fe oct III-OSO 2 OO(H)-Fe oct III] broken by absorbing energy, generating FeIV O. It's worth noting that the Ca species of pm SA800 effectively stabilized the pH of the reaction solution, which ensured the stable and continuous production of FeIV O. This work provides a new idea and insight for preparing catalysts that could produce FeIV O active species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste paper and tyre are typical solid wastes with distinct composition. Their pyrolysis could generate varied volatiles that may interact with each other or with resulting char. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of waste paper and tyre was investigated at 400 and 600 ºC, with the focus on understanding the interaction of the volatiles on evolution of the products. The results show that the interaction of the volatiles at 400 ºC forms more gaseous products like CO and CO 2 , while the interactions of the heavier organics at 600 ºC forms more oil (49.3% vs 42.6%). The interaction of the volatiles also affects the generation of sulfur-containing organics and diminishes the paper-derived aldehydes and ketones or the heavy organics with the π-conjugated structures in the oil. In addition, the volatile-char interactions exist and form the char of higher carbon content through promoting carbonization and deoxygenation reactions, generating char of higher thermal stability and higher hydrophilicity via tailoring functional group, pore structures and morphologies of the char. [Display omitted] • Interaction of volatiles in co-pyrolysis of waste paper and tyre exists. • Co-pyrolysis promotes formation of gases at 400 ℃ while oil at 600 ℃ via condensation. • Paper-derived intermediates capture CH x * /H* radicals, minimizing CH 4 /H 2 formation. • Volatiles interactions interfere formation of S-containing organics and aldehydes/ketones. • Co-pyrolysis affects composition, stability, functionality and morphologies of char. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food analysis plays a critical role in assessing human health risks and monitoring food quality and safety. Currently, there is a pressing need for a reliable, portable, and quick recognition element for point-of-care testing (POCT) to better serve the demands of on-site food analysis. Aptamer-modified paper-based analytical devices (Apt-PADs) have excellent characteristics of high portability, high sensitivity, high specificity, and on-site detection, which have been widely used and concerned in the field of food safety. The article reviews the basic components and working principles of Apt-PADs, and introduces their representative applications detecting food hazards. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future directions of Apt-PADs-based sensing performance are discussed, to provide new directions and insights for researchers to select appropriate Apt-PADs according to specific applications. • The special composition and structure of Apt-PADs are systematically described. • In-depth description of the sensing applications of Apt-PADs and the research progress in recent years. • Intervention strategies of aptamers and paper bases to obtain high sensitivity of Apt-PADs. • Specific outlook on the future direction of Apt-PADs improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fabrication of functionalized polymer nanoparticles via emulsion copolymerization. • Generation of oxazolidine-based polymer nanoparticles (OX-PNPs) through doping. • Optical detection of cyanide by OX-PNPs in deionized water and human blood plasma. • Optical pH sensing based on the absorption or emission spectra of OX-PNPs. • Drawing intelligent fluorescent artworks using acidochromic properties of OX-PNPs. Stimuli-responsive materials play a crucial role in developing sensor technology for rapid colorimetric and fluorometric detection applications. Their ability to undergo changes in response to external stimuli makes them suitable for creating naked-eye sensors, enabling rapid detection of hazardous ions. In this study, our main objective was to synthesize oxazolidine-based polymer nanoparticles (OX-PNPs) that exhibit dual colorimetric and fluorometric responses. These OX-PNPs were developed as sensors specifically for the detection of the cyanide ion (CN–) in solution and human blood plasma. We prepared stable emulsions of polymer nanoparticles by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate and different amounts of acrylamide through emulsion polymerization. The addition of synthesized oxazolidine to the latex samples resulted in the formation of OX-PNPs. After addition of OX-PNPs 1–7 to a solution of CN– in deionized (DI) water, instant chromogenic changes from orange to pink, accompanied by spectral shifts in the UV–Vis and increase in emission intensity spectra was observed. Notably, the detected concentration limit of OX-PNPs for CN– was found to be within the range of 3.67 × 10-9 to 1.66 × 10-8 M, surpassing the recommended guideline value for CN– in drinking water established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, we successfully developed paper-based test strips using OX-PNPs for the colorimetric and fluorometric detection of CN– in solution. These paper test strips exhibited rapid and distinct color changes from the original orange to pink upon exposure to CN–. By employing Job's plot method, we confirmed a 1:1 stoichiometry complex formation between OX-PNPs and CN– anions. Additionally, OX-PNPs demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, displaying observable color changes in different pH solutions and on the prepared paper-based sensors across a pH range of 1–14. The pH-sensing ability of OX-PNP 7 paper strips was investigated by FESEM. These unique colorimetric and fluorometric properties make OX-PNPs ideal for applications in ionochromic and acidochromic paper-based sensors, offering immediate and reliable responses. Through this work, for the first time we present a novel application of intelligent pigments, namely oxazolidine-based polymer nanoparticles, for both intelligent artwork creation using a single pigment and as a cyanide detector in human blood plasma. These OX-PNPs hold potential for forensic medicine analysis, providing an effective means of examining cyanide-induced deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-reviewed conferences, the main publication venues in CS, rely critically on matching highly qualified reviewers for each paper. Because of the growing scale of these conferences, the tight timelines on which they operate, and a recent surge in explicitly dishonest behavior, there is now no alternative to performing this matching in an automated way. This paper introduces Large Conference Matching (LCM) , a novel reviewer–paper matching approach that was recently deployed in the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021), and has since been adopted (wholly or partially) by other conferences including ICML 2022, AAAI 2022-2024, and IJCAI 2022-2024. LCM has three main elements: (1) collecting and processing input data to identify problematic matches and generate reviewer–paper scores; (2) formulating and solving an optimization problem to find good reviewer–paper matchings; and (3) a two-phase reviewing process that shifts reviewing resources away from papers likely to be rejected and towards papers closer to the decision boundary. This paper also describes an evaluation of these innovations based on an extensive post-hoc analysis on real data—including a comparison with the matching algorithm used in AAAI's previous (2020) iteration—and supplements this with additional numerical experimentation.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Facile and scalable self-assembly of perylene diimide polymer with carbon paper. • Effective facilitation of carrier separation by π-π built-in electric field. • Narrowed band gap and low VB due to the VB tail states induced by π-π interactions. • Enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation activity of the PDIP/CP photocatalyst sheet. • Suitability of the PDIP/CP photocatalyst sheet for large-scale applications. Photocatalytic water splitting is a highly promising future energy technology. In contrast to the extensive work on particulate photocatalysts, there is still a lack of sufficient investigation for regularized photocatalysts. Here, from perylene diimide polymer (PDIP) and commercial carbon paper (CP), we develop a self-assembled PDIP/CP photocatalyst sheet that is easily scalable and can be used for photocatalytic water oxidation. Driven by strong interfacial π-π interactions, the PDIP spontaneously adsorbs onto the CP, which leads to a narrowed band gap, down-shifted VB edge, and enhanced separation of the photogenerated charge carriers of the PDIP. Under visible light, the PDIP/CP photocatalyst sheet shows significantly enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation activity (4 h cumulative oxygen evolution is 1.7 times higher than that of the powder-suspended system) and considerable cycling stability. The PDIP/CP photocatalyst sheet has the potential for large-scale device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronic energy storage devices usually require the integration of flexible mechanisms and uncompromising electrochemistry of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Most of the studies in this field have mainly focused on enhancing the electrochemical properties of the material, while the significance of its flexibility and mechanical properties has been relatively ignored. In this study, the 20 wt % carbon fibers (CFs) composite N-doped flexible carbon nanofiber paper (NFCFP) was prepared through a facile PFI refiner and Bauer sieve of pulping and papermaking machinery sieve-assisted methods combined with annealing technology. The NFCFP-700 with high pyridine N content shows good ion transport and storage performance, the specific capacity remained 308 mAh⸱g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C, and even at 1 C, the specific capacity of the electrode material instead increases constantly at 142 mAh⸱g−1. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the coexistence of pyridine N content and defects in carbon materials was found to enhance the adsorption energy (E ad) of lithium, and the N4V2 locally show the most negative electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution, which was more favorable for the adsorption of Li+ being positively charged. This insight from DFT studies combined with experimental data emphasizes the favorable impact of pyridine N content and defects on the lithium adsorption process in carbon materials, also providing valuable information for the design and optimization of materials for lithium storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron/phonon heat co-transfer, dielectric/magnetic dual loss, and 2D interlinked frameworks codetermine the ultrawide absorption bands, high thermal conductivity, and excellent electrical insulation of CF/M/C (M = Co, Ni, or Fe/Fe 3 O 4) 2D interlinked frameworks. [Display omitted] • A facile soaking-annealing strategy for CF/M/C (M = Co, Ni, Fe/Fe 3 O 4) 2DIFs. • Precisely modulating the interfaces, porosity, and defects. • Optimizing the thermal, electrical, and EMW absorbing properties. • Revealing the synergistic enhancement mechanism. Reasonable design of protective multifunctional materials is highly required for the safety protection of devices/personnel from electromagnetic radiation and heat damage in the 5G/6G era. Herein, a simple soaking-annealing route was adopted to carbonize filter paper into 2D interlinked carbon fiber frameworks inlaid with magnetic nanoparticles, and the products were referred to as CF/M/C 2DIFs (M = Co, Ni, or Fe/Fe 3 O 4). The concentration and type of metal ions as well as the annealing temperature of the CF/M/C 2DIFs were controlled to precisely modulate their composition, porosity, and defects. Results show that the CF/Co/C 2DIFs produced under T a = 600 °C and [Co2+] = 0.45 mol/L exhibit high thermal conductivity (2.931 ∼ 3.167 W/m·K) at small loads (10 ∼ 30 wt%) owing to not merely the presence of 2D interlinked path for electron/phonon heat co-transfer but the reasonable control of interface/defects for weakening phonon/electron defect/interface scattering. Also, the CF/Co/C 2DIFs can attenuate microwaves over a broad frequency range via dielectric/magnetic dual loss and 2DIFs, which boosts their loss ability and matching performance. The excellent performance in both heat dissipation and EM wave absorption proves that the CF/M/C 2DIFs can be a promising candidate for next-generation electronic packaging materials in heat management, military, and aerospace fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-layer forming technology can integrate triboelectric material with electrode. • The all CPTENGs can exhibit excellent humidity, acid and alkali resistance. • The CPTENGs can yield a V OC , I SC and power density of 227.1 V, 6.9 μA and 520 mW/m2. • Matching CPTENGs with P-ZISC can obtain a self-charging power system (PSCPS). • The PSCPS can drive some miniaturized electronics for a long time. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are regarded as a promising technology to drive the development of flexible/wearable electronics and self-powering sensor. Application of cellulose paper as the triboelectric positive materials makes TENGs more environmentally friendly. However, the limited output performance and stability in harsh environments and oxidation and corrosion of the metal electrodes have limited the practical application of cellulose paper based triboelectric nanogenerators (CPTENGs). Here, we have integrated cellulose paper-based triboelectric material and electrode in one sheet by using multi-layer forming technology in paper industry; the upper triboelectric layer shows excellent triboelectric positive performance, hydrophobicity and acid and alkali resistance, while the bottom electrode exhibits promise conductivity. The all CPTENGs can yield a maximum open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 227.1 V, a short-circuit current (I SC) of 6.9 μA. Furthermore, the V OC values of the all CPTENGs increase from 0.02 V to 225.1 V at the load resistance of 100 Ω∼10 GΩ; and a power density of 520 mW·m−2 is also obtained at a load resistance of 30 MΩ. Moreover, the V OC of CPTENGs not only retains up to 78 % of its initial value at a high relative humidity of 90 %, but also almost maintains unchanged in a wide range of the pH environment (pH = 1∼13). More importantly, the CPTENGs can be readily matched with paper-based zinc supercapacitor (P-ZISC) to act as an all paper based self-charging power system (PSCPS). The PSCPS is capable of driving various miniaturized electronics, such as electronic watch, temperature/humidity indicator, demonstrating its potential application in a sustainable power source for portable and green electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 28 out of 57 target PFAS were detected in paper products from China. • 9 groups of PFAS with 1–3 confidence levels were identified by non-target analysis. • Ethanol in food simulants can increase the migration of PFAS. • Long-chain PFAS in popcorn bags can be degraded by microwave heating. • PFAS in some paper products exceeded the recommended daily intake values. The contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (

Given its superior structure, the abundance of surface functional groups, and low cost, cotton fiber filtration paper can be used as the support for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts (OER) instead of copper foam (CF), nickel foam (NF), or carbon cloth (CC). Herein, the chemical plating method was used to create thin self-supporting electrodes based on cotton fiber filtration paper (FP). The Co-Ni-P amorphous nanospheres can be uniformly dispersed on the self-supporting FP due to its porous structure and oxygen functional groups. The Co-Ni-P/FP electrode has an overpotential as low as 125 mV for HER and 320 mV for OER at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Additionally, according to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the Co atom added to the Ni-P nanosphere can lead to considerably more charge accumulation around the Co and Ni active sites, which greatly encourages the HER and OER processes. The novel porous support, FP, provides a fresh way the preparation of self-supporting electrodes. [Display omitted] • Filter paper is used to prepare the self-supporting electrode as the substrate. • The preparation method is simple and the properties are stable. • Rich oxygen-containing functional groups of FP promote deposition and dispersion. • Explore the excellent electrochemical performance of amorphous Co-Ni-P/FP by DFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hydrophobic TENG based on sisal cellulose paper(SCP) was constructed to collect raindrop energy. • Both physical and chemical hydrophobic modification can effectively improve the SCP's dielectric constant. • The hydrophobic SCP-TENG modified by the chemical method is more suitable than the physical method for collecting raindrop energy. • The output electrical signal of SCP-TENG and the raindrop velocity have linear relationship. • The hydrophobic SCP-TENG can be used as raindrop-based sensors. Hydrophobic Sisal cellulose paper (SCP) was obtained by surface modification of SCP via physical adsorbing polymer and chemical grafting monomer, respectively. The influence of surface modification conditioning on the hydrophobicity, dielectric constant and dipole moment of the SCP was investigated. The results showed that the hydrophobicity and dielectric constant of the modified SCP increased with the concentration and amount of the modifiers. The output electrical performance of the TENGs assembled by the two types of hydrophobic SCP for rain energy collection was compared. The output electrical performance of the chemically modified hydrophobic SCP-TENG is higher than that of the physical modified. The maximum power density of the former reaches 8.2 mW/m2. Furthermore, based on the linear relationship between the output performance (output voltage intensity and output current intensity) of hydrophobic SCP-TENG and the droplet velocity, a raindrop-based sensor based on hydrophobic SCP-TENG was successfully constructed and estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based self-pumping microfluidic fuel cells (PMFCs) typically exploit the wicking effects in porous papers to enable passive reactant delivery and co-laminar flow, eliminating micro pumps and physical membranes. PMFCs have been regarded as promising micro-power sources for next-generation paper-based electrochemical microfluidic assays for biomedical applications. However, the PMFC performance is fundamentally limited by the low capillary flow velocity and ineffective diffusive fuel transport. In this study, a novel PMFC with an anodic wedge-shaped channel is developed. The anodic wedge-shaped channel enables reactant convection at improved fuel flow velocity. Visualization experiments suggest that the fuel flow velocity can be improved by about 23 times in this anodic wedge-shaped channel configuration as compared to that in conventional single-layer paper-based flow channel. In addition, favorable features like localized enhancement of fuel transport and reduced fuel crossover are also observed in this novel configuration. Due to enhanced convective-diffusive fuel transport, the cell performance can be improved 245.8 % as compared to the single-layer case. The peak power density reaches 59.9 mW cm−2 and the limiting current density achieves 305.9 mA cm−2, outperforming most of the previous PMFCs. This anodic wedge-shaped channel configuration can also be potentially used in paper-based assays to enhance reactant delivery. • Wedge-shaped channel is formed by inserting anode between two-layer flow channel. • The anodic wedge-shaped channel can significantly increase fuel flow velocity. • The anodic wedge-shaped channel also helps to reduce fuel crossover. • Anodic fuel transport is enhanced by convection and diffusion. • The peak power density is increased 245.8 % by using wedge-shaped channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an advanced analytical platform with regard to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for public health. Herein, we present a machine learning platform based on paper-assisted ratiometric fluorescent sensors for highly sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene. The assay involves target-induced rolling circle amplification to generate magnetic DNAzyme, which is then detectable using the paper-assisted ratiometric fluorescent sensor. This sensor detects the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene with a visible-fluorescence color response. Moreover, leveraging different fluorescence responses, the ResNet algorithm of machine learning assists in accurately identifying fluorescence images and differentiating the concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene with over 99% recognition accuracy. The machine learning platform exhibits exceptional sensitivity and color responsiveness, achieving a limit of detection of 30 fM for the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene. The integration of intelligent artificial vision with the paper-assisted ratiometric fluorescent sensor presents a novel approach for the on-site detection of COVID-19 and holds potential for broader use in disease diagnostics in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large use and emission of p -nitrophenol (p-NP) seriously pollute the environment and endanger human health. In this work, a hydrazone-linked fluorescent covalent organic framework (BATHz-COF) was simply synthesized at room temperature and covalently linked N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) via the "thiol-ene" click reaction, where carboxyl groups were introduced to improve dispersion and fluorescence intensity. As a rapid, good selectivity and reusability fluorescence sensor, the obtained COF-NALC has been used for quantitative analysis of p-NP predicated on the internal filtering effect (IFE). Under optimal conditions, COF-NALC enabled quantitative detection of p-NP with a linear range of 5–50 μM and the detection limit was 1.46 μM. The application of COF-NALC to the detection of p-NP in river water samples was successful, and the satisfactory recoveries were 98.0%–109.3%. Furthermore, the fluorescent COF paper chips constructed by in situ growth were combined with a smartphone to build a visual platform for the quick and real-time detection of p-NP, providing an excellent illustration for the development of intelligent fluorescence sensing in environmental analysis. [Display omitted] • Covalent Organic Frameworks are modified with N-acetyl- l -cysteine to improve dispersion and fluorescence performance. • The obtained hydrophilic framework is highly selective for the detection of p -nitrophenol. • Paper-based sensors with in-situ immobilization of frameworks are prepared for visual analysis of p -nitrophenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is now considered as an appealing environment friendly material for the development of sustainable separators for rechargeable batteries. This study thus aims to develop high performance paper based ceramic separators with superior electrolyte wettability (>170 %), high thermal stability (>200 °C) and excellent flame safety. While developing paper based ceramic separator, extensive studies are carried out to understand thenature and functionality of different nano-structured ceramic materials (Al 2 O 3 , BaTiO 3 and ZrO 2) impregnated in paper matrix. Nano-ZrO 2 facilitates an effective pathway for Li +-ion transport (t Li + = 0.51), whereas BaTiO 3 and Al 2 O 3 ceramics show moderate Li +-ion transport properties (t Li+ of 0.29 and 0.30 respectively). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement clearly reveals that ZrO 2 exhibits more interfacial compatibility with the electrodes (MCMB and LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2) compared to the other two ceramic separators during full cell operation. The developed paper separators show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of cycling (tested 300 cycles), multi-electrode compatibility and rate capabilities at different current densities of 0.1–1.2 mAcm−2. The pre- and post-electrochemical EIS data reveal that ZrO 2 based impregnation offers significantly lower charge transfer resistance compared to the other two separators. The study thus demonstrates a real promise for its successful application in Li-ion battery towards achieving sustainability and safety. [Display omitted] • Sustainable, flexible and high safety ceramic based paper separators for LIBs. • Separators were developed using easy to scale up wet-coating process. • Ceramic impregnation affects physical and electrochemical properties of the separators. • Paper separators show superior electrolyte wettability and high thermal stability. • Better electrochemical performances and flame safety are other important advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface properties of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) impregnated paper decorative panels are unsatisfactory, characterized by brittle surfaces, poor abrasion resistance, and limited flame retardancy. A modification was introduced to the MUF resin by incorporating a blend of polyelectrolyte complex polyethyleneimine (PEI)-phytic acid (PA) and Nano-Al 2 O 3 with the aim of enhancing the surface properties of the decorative panel. The modified resin underwent characterization, and subsequent analyses were conducted to investigate the properties of both the modified impregnated paper and the decorative panel. The results showed that the thermal stability of the modified resin was improved with a curing temperature of 124 °C. In comparison to the control, the modified impregnated paper showed an increase of 146.0 % in tensile strength and 154.5 % in elongation at break. The improved toughness of the modified MUF-impregnated paper resulted in a notable upsurge in both surface bond strength and cracking resistance of the decorative panel. The combustion test results indicated that the modified impregnated had a LOI value of 40.0 % and self-extinguishing behavior. In addition, due to the inclusion of Nano-Al 2 O 3 , the decorative panel exhibited a low abrasion value of only 14.1 mg/100r. Overall, the technology proposed in this study can improve the surface properties of decorative panels, increase their added value, and provide a new strategy for modifying MUF resin in the impregnated paper-decorated wood-based panels industry and for researchers. [Display omitted] • MUF resin was modified using polyelectrolyte complex (PEI-PA) and Nano-Al 2 O 3. • Modified impregnated paper exhibited superior toughness and flame retardancy. • Blockboard with modified impregnated paper showed greatly improved surface properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel bimetallic nanozyme (COF Fe/CoP-Ph) displayed excellent triple-enzyme mimetic activities. • The multiple enzyme-driven cascade catalysis strategy was proposed. • The colorimetric determination of malathion was achieved without the addition exogenous H 2 O 2. • A smartphone POCT analysis platform with integrated paper chip sensors was developed. Enzyme-induced biological cascade catalysis can achieve selective and efficient transformations of substrates in vivo. Thus, the biomimetic cascade systems have attracted much attention in biological detection on account of their ingenious strategies for signal conduction and amplification. In this study, a porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF Fe/CoP-Ph) with bimetal-nitrogen-coordinate centers (M − N 4) were constructed via Schiff base reaction. The synergistic effect of the highly exposed M − N 4 bimetallic active sites and the unique topology overcame the self-limitation of nanozyme, resulting in a significant enhancement of the triple-enzyme mimetic activities of COF Fe/CoP-Ph , namely oxidase (OXD)-, peroxidase (POD)-, and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Simultaneously, a multiple enzyme-driven cascade catalysis strategy for signal amplification was proposed utilizing the OXD- and POD-like mimetic mechanisms of COF Fe/CoP-Ph , enabling the colorimetric determination of malathion without the addition exogenous H 2 O 2. The established colorimetric sensor exhibited an exceptional linear relationship within the range of 1–18 μM and a low detection limit of 11 nM. Subsequently, a portable smartphone platform was developed by integrating paper chip, facilitating successful malathion point-of-care testing (POCT) in real samples. This work not only creates a bimetallic COF nanozyme and establishes an efficient cascade amplification strategy, but also introduces a novel design approach for development of a low-cost and user-friendly POCT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising materials due to their rich active sites and straightforward synthesis. However, their limited conductivity and electron transfer inefficiency hinder practical applications. This study utilizes a simple one-pot synthesis approach to produce a tungsten-disulfide (WS 2) and iron-cobalt Prussian blue analogue composite (WS 2 -PBA), enhancing conductivity and electron transfer rate performance. Through the inclusion of sodium citrate into the solution, the S-edge site concentration of WS 2 increases. This augmentation introduces additional active sites and defects into the catalyst, enhancing its catalytic activity. The effectiveness of the WS 2 -PBA 3D-Origami paper device for lactate detection in sweat is also evaluated for biomedical applications. The device demonstrated a robust relationship between the lactate concentration and current intensity (R2 = 0.997), with a detection limit of 1.83 mM. Additionally, this platform has successfully detected lactate in clinical sweat, correlating with the high-performance liquid chromatography test results, suggesting promising prospects for clinical diagnosis. In the future, the excellent catalytic and R ct performance of the WS 2 -PBA will enable its use in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel MOF-based paper sheet was developed for passive indoor moisture control. • The MOF paper sheet has excellent moisture buffer capacity and mechanical properties. • A numerical model was developed to find the optimal thickness of the MOF paper sheet. • The energy-saving potential of wallpaper made of MOF paper sheet was investigated. Passive indoor moisture control is a meaningful way to reduce HVAC operation and improve building energy efficiency. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered one of the most promising sorbent materials for passive indoor moisture control. However, the powder form of MOF is challenging to use in the built environment. Typical shaping methods like pellets, beads, and coating can lead to problems like partial pore blocking, insufficient mechanical stability, amorphization, and low material utilization. Here, we report a new sustainable MOF paper sheet comprising 25% cellulosic fibers and 75% MOF MIL-100(Fe) powder. The porous polymer matrix provides good support and fixation for MOF particles, so it's more applicable in the built environment. The crystalline and pore structure characteristics of the MOF in the membrane are well preserved. Hydro characteristic test results show that MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet has high water vapor uptake, S-shape isotherm, mild regeneration condition, and high MBV. Then, a numerical model was developed to calculate the relation between a material's MBV and its thickness. MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet with the most efficient thickness was applied as wallpaper in a building energy simulation model. The simulation result shows that the MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet is promising for passive indoor moisture control. It can remove about 45%-55% of the latent cooling load in most European climate types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nano-modified natural ester- paper cellulose interface can adsorb more H 3 O+. • Acids in paper cellulose is significantly reduced after nano-modification. • Nano-modification enhanced the ageing resistance of natural ester- paper cellulose system. The oil-paper insulation system will be affected by the synergistic effects of moisture and acids during long-term stable operation of the transformer. The moisture in the oil can be combined with the H+ionized from the acid molecules in the form of H 3 O+ by coordination, thus changing the proportion of acid distribution in the insulating oil and paper cellulose. Natural ester insulating oil, as a new development trend to replace mineral oil, can be significantly improved by adding nanoparticles to them. The diffusion behavior of H 3 O+ in paper cellulose and nano-SiO 2 -modified soybean oil-based natural ester insulating oil insulating system has been investigated using molecular dynamics in this article. The results indicate that the incorporation with nanoparticles is effective in mitigating the impact of temperature on the diffusion behavior of H 3 O+ in oil-paper insulation. Compared with the unmodified model, the nano-modified model results in a significant reduction in the concentration distribution of H 3 O+ in paper cellulose. The hydroxyl and ether bonds in paper cellulose will interact with H 3 O+ to generate hydrogen bonds and destroy its original hydrogen bonding network, while nanoparticles can inhibit diffusion by adsorbing H 3 O+ through hydroxyl oxygen atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic-coated paper straws are insufficient to solve the plastic pollution problem because microplastics are formed during their degradation. In this study, upgraded paper straws were prepared by coating with biodegradable sodium alginate/cellulose nanofiber/stearic acid (SA/CNF/STA) on the surface of paper without additional adhesives. The tensile strength of the paper was enhanced synergistically by the coated SA and CNF after cross-linking with Ca2+ ions, reaching a maximum (26.46 MPa) when the mass ratio of SA to CNF was 4:1. The straws were prepared by spirally winding coated paper into tubes. Subsequent STA modification with different concentration (1–40%) improved the water stability of the paper straws. The paper straws exhibited excellent mechanical properties (including 13.45 MPa of flexural strength, 13.30 MPa of compressive strength) and hydrophobicity (103.67° of maximum water contact angle). After 130 days of soil burial, the paper straws were completely degraded. The comprehensive performance of prepared straws exceeds that of commercially available products in the same category, and they are safe and biodegradable. Paper straw in the work is in line with the concept of green and low-carbon development. [Display omitted] • Processing a paper straw based on biomass resource coatings. • SA/CNF hybrid coating synergistically enhanced the tensile strength of the straw. • The STA imparts satisfactory water stability to the straw. • The comprehensive performance of the straw outperforms commercial straw products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A distance-based paper sensor for the detection of DNase I is developed. • The quantitative detection of DNase I is achieved by measuring the watermark on the indicator paper. • This method exhibits the advantages of the aptamer-mediated enzyme cascade reaction, low-cost, and label-free detection. DNase I is proven to be an early predictive molecule for a variety of diseases, which is important for early diagnosis and clinical detection of diseases. Herein, we demonstrate a distance-based paper sensor to detect DNase I via an enzymatic cascade reaction mediated by the thrombin aptamer. In the presence of DNase I, the thrombin is able to clot the plasma normally because the aptamer chain is hydrolyzed by DNase I and cannot bind thrombin properly to inhibit thrombin activity. The concentration of DNase I is negatively correlated with the volume of mobile phase in sample solution, and it can be quantified by measuring the flow distance of water on the pH indicator strip. The distance-based paper sensor has good specificity, and the detection limit is 2 × 10−2 U/mL. In addition, it can be used for DNase I analysis in human serum samples to show its efficacy in the early diagnosis of diseases associated with DNase I activity. Overall, we developed a simple, fast and low-cost DNase I detection method, which has great commercial potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description: A multi-layer wrinkled structure of MWCNTs/polyimide aerogel-based paper was prepared using a simple method. This paper exhibits excellent responsiveness, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, and can detect the movement of mechanical devices through generated responsiveness. [Display omitted] • Multilayer wrinkled structure MWCNTs/polyimide aerogel-based paper (CPs) was prepared via a single freeze-drying-thermal extrusion-thermal imidization method. • CPs can stably generate electrical responses in high-temperature environments up to 300 °C. • CPs exhibit good tensile strength (CP-1: 117.1 MPa at 25 °C) and stability (1000 cycles). • The response generated by CPs can be utilized to monitor changes in the mechanical device. In recent years, as the electronics industry has driven the development of human civilization, flexible responsive materials have become highly favored in sensing applications. However, most flexible materials are not stable under high-temperature conditions, so only a few flexible responsive materials are suitable for high-temperature and high-strength applications. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added as conductive material into poly(amic acid) ammonium salt (PAAS) solutions to prepare MWCNTs/polyimide aerogel-based papers (CPs) by a simple method. The introduction of MWCNTs into the ordered multilayer folded structure of the CPs provided a conductive pathway and improved their thermal stability. When the multilayer folded structure was deformed, the MWCNTs between the layers contacted each other, increasing the number of electron transport channels and providing a larger contact area for the conductive network. When the deformation was removed, the MWCNTs in the interlayer contact zone rapidly separated, providing stable and excellent responsiveness at high temperatures (CP-2: ΔR/R 0 value of up to −0.45 at 300 °C) and favorable stability after 1000 cycles (CP-2: RV retention of 92.4 % at 25 °C and 80.5 % at 300 °C). Therefore, the prepared CPs have great application prospects in the fields of high-temperature mechanical device monitoring, sensing, and alarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production of paper cups in industrial factories, it is tried to print high quality cups with less waste loss with the help of sensors and heating resistances mounted on the paper cup machine. In this study, a system that detects faulty products based on image processing and removes it by controlling the machine with servo motors, asynchronous motors and programmable logic controller (PLC) is designed. For fault product detection, classification has been performed using real-time Haarcascade algorithm and You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm which is a deep learning methods, and real-time object detection has been carried out using the OpenCv library. With this study, an effective faulty product detection and removing hardware system was realized by adapting artificial intelligence algorithms to a machine used in industry. Based on the results, a whole system can be applied to systems that involve removing a faulty product from a band in any production, packaging etc. facility is proposed. A hardware consisting of servo motors, asynchronous motors and PLC was designed to separate faulty cups from the existing paper cup production machine in this study. Then, a data set composed of 1068 images was created with images taken from the camera for faulty and faultless paper cups. Using this dataset, the effect of different deep learning methods on performance in the real-time system has been examined and successful results have been obtained. The optimal outcome was achieved, yielding a real-time application accuracy rate of 90.8% through the utilization of the Yolov5x architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanozyme-mediated paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have shown great potential in portable visual determination of phenolic compounds in the environment. However, most MOF nanozymes suffer from poor dispersibility and block-like structure, which often prompts deposition and results in diminished enzymatic activity, severely hindering their environmental applications. Here, we proposed colorimetric PADs for the visual detection of dichlorophen (Dcp) based on its significant inhibitory effect on the two-dimensional (2D) MOF nanozyme activity. Specifically, we synthesized a 2D Cu TCPP (Fe) (defined as 2D-CTF) MOF nanozyme exhibiting excellent dispersibility and remarkable peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity, which could catalyze the oxidation and subsequent color change of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine even under neutral conditions. Notably, the POD-like activity of 2D-CTF demonstrated a unique response to Dcp because of the occupation of Fe–N 4 active sites on the 2D-CTF. This property enables the use of 2D-CTF as a highly efficient catalyst to develop colorimetric PADs for naked-eye and portable detection of Dcp. We believe that the proposed colorimetric PADs offer an efficient method for Dcp assay and open fresh avenues for the advancement of colorimetric sensors for analyzing of phenolic toxic substances in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable degrowth offers effective alternative strategies for tackling social and environmental problems such as climate crisis, resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and species hecatomb. However, it plays a marginal role in policy. Moreover, researchers need to operationalise many degrowth proposals in a more sufficient way for the policy. This mainly conceptual-methodological article conceptualises the problem of sustainable degrowth in policy as the problem of knowledge utilisation. How well research papers on the topic adapt to the needs of policy-makers is an important factor influencing this utilisation. This adaptation is under the control of researchers and may be seen as a necessary first step in the introduction of degrowth proposals into policy-making and further implementation. I argue that translating research papers into legislative drafts by researchers can be understood as adaptation of these papers to the policy-makers' needs. This is because the law can be understood as universal basis of public policies and fundamental language to express these policies. The legal system has a systematic, hierarchical, and logical structure while its language tends to be precise, clear, and unambiguous. Legal language may also be salient for many policy-makers. I labelled this way of adaptation as the Translational Legal Approach to Knowledge Utilisation (TLA). It can be applied beyond texts on sustainable degrowth as well. Based on the literature review, I theoretically and conceptually discuss the aforementioned hypotheses by looking at the corresponding criteria of research adaptation with characteristics of law and legal language. I provide the strongest support for the theses that translation of research papers into provisions of legislative drafts can increase readability, comprehensibility, precision, and operationalisation of degrowth research proposals, as well as helps to give them more systemic nature and incorporate policy-makers' context. Future research is needed to create a methodological framework for TLA as well as to empirically verify hypotheses made in this article. • Degrowth plays a marginal role in policies and needs better operationalisation. • The role of degrowth in policy can be seen as a problem of knowledge utilisation. • Law could be a common language between researchers and policy-makers. • Translating research papers into legislative drafts adapts them for policy-makers. • Translating degrowth proposals into legislative drafts supports their utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A rapid and sensitive paper-based colorimetric sensing array for full-content ethanol detection is developed. • The sensing array is fabricated via inkjet-printing diacetylene monomers on A4 paper followed by photopolymerization. • The sensing array displays distinct color difference patterns for diverse ethanol contents. • The sensing array is applicable for discrimination and authentication of ethanol content in real samples. • A smartphone app is develped and integrared with the array that directly enables read-out of the ethanol content in real samples. The accelerated consumption of ethanol in pharmaceutical, food and fuel industries instinctively actuates the development of simple, portable, reliable and inexpensive sensing method for ethanol content monitoring. Herein, a paper-based polydiacetylene (PDA) sensor array is prepared from four diacetylene (DA) monomers modified with imidazole and its derivates. DA inks derived from the four monomers are directly coated on A4 paper via inkjet printing and converted to PDAs by UV irradiation with high stability and uniformity. The printed PDA sensors show solvent induced irreversible color transition upon exposure to organic solvents and water. The diverse colorimetric responses integrally provide unique color change patterns which are capable of distinguishing 11 distinct solvents including ethanol and water. The pattern-based sensing performance further promotes the fabrication of spot-matrix sensor array that could generate distinct color difference maps towards different ethanol contents with multiple sensing elements and a widely dynamic sensing range from 0 to 100%. Combined with RGB value radar map and principal component analysis (PCA), the sensor array also displays excellent ability of differentiating ethanol content from 5 to 100%. With this proposed method, commercial spirit samples with different ethanol contents or gasolines with different amounts of ethanol are readily distinguished and identified through naked eye and PCA score plot. Furthermore, to facilitate usability, a smartphone app is developed and integrated with the PDA sensor array, which directly enables read-out of the ethanol content in real liquor samples with high accuracy. Considering the simplicity, portability and reliability of the proposed sensing system, this study offers a promising method for point-of-use detection of ethanol content that may find broad applications in terms of quality control, food safety inspection and consumer protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expert recommendation systems recommend specialized experts in a particular field to users based on the knowledge of those experts. However, these systems are limited by the number of experts available and the potential for subjective evaluation, which may result in inappropriate recommendations. Furthermore, we explore the evolution from traditional to deep learning-based recommendation systems, emphasizing graph-based recommendation systems. Nonetheless, deep learning-based systems require large amounts of data, and marine expert recommendation training data are scarce. To address these issues, we constructed and utilized marine expert data in this study. The dataset contains abstracts of marine-related papers and information on their authors. Graphs were generated by assessing the similarity among the abstracts, representing them in a graph format indicative of this similarity, and using the author contribution index to depict the relationship between the abstracts and their respective authors. Various similarity methods and abstract embedding techniques were experimentally explored to realize performance optimization. In the experiments, the optimized model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.7556 and a root-mean-squared error of 1.0421. Notably, this study highlights the limitations of traditional evaluation metrics and proposes the averaged mean reciprocal rank as a suitable alternative. This metric facilitates the quantitative evaluation of model performance on newly created data, obviating a comparison model. Finally, applying the newly constructed data to the GraphRec model by using their graphical representation significantly improves the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Impinging paper-thin sheets of liquids produces high energy dissipation rates. • The volume of energy dissipation is equal to the volume of the impingement zone. • A new expression for the energy dissipation rate was derived and compared with turbulence theory. • Large-eddy turnover time is approximately equal to liquid residence time in impingement zone. • Large-eddy kinetic energy decays exponentially in the impingement zone. The micromixing time of impinging thin liquid sheets depends upon the energy dissipation rate (∊). The kinetic energy released by the impingement has been previously studied and was found to be a function of the coefficient of restitution of the collision. In this work, the volume within which the released kinetic energy is dissipated was investigated. The volume of energy dissipation was determined by measuring the time required for the velocity of the liquid prior to the collision to be reduced to the velocity after the collision. High-speed video was used to measure the velocity of features, generated in the front single sheet, as they passed through the impingement zone and into the mixed sheet. The experimental results showed that the time required for the velocity change was approximately equal to the residence time of liquid in the impingement zone (t r). A new equation for ∊ was developed and compared with ∊ derived from turbulence energy-cascade theory. This comparison showed that the large-eddy turnover time (t Λ) was approximately equal to t r ; a result that is in accordance with the notion from turbulence energy-cascade theory that large, energy-containing eddies lose their energy within t Λ. Within the impingement zone, the large-eddy kinetic energy was found to decay exponentially with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expert recommendation systems recommend specialized experts in a particular field to users based on the knowledge of those experts. However, these systems are limited by the number of experts available and the potential for subjective evaluation, which may result in inappropriate recommendations. Furthermore, we explore the evolution from traditional to deep learning-based recommendation systems, emphasizing graph-based recommendation systems. Nonetheless, deep learning-based systems require large amounts of data, and marine expert recommendation training data are scarce. To address these issues, we constructed and utilized marine expert data in this study. The dataset contains abstracts of marine-related papers and information on their authors. Graphs were generated by assessing the similarity among the abstracts, representing them in a graph format indicative of this similarity, and using the author contribution index to depict the relationship between the abstracts and their respective authors. Various similarity methods and abstract embedding techniques were experimentally explored to realize performance optimization. In the experiments, the optimized model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.7556 and a root-mean-squared error of 1.0421. Notably, this study highlights the limitations of traditional evaluation metrics and proposes the averaged mean reciprocal rank as a suitable alternative. This metric facilitates the quantitative evaluation of model performance on newly created data, obviating a comparison model. Finally, applying the newly constructed data to the GraphRec model by using their graphical representation significantly improves the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A paper-based assay was developed for real-time, onsite, and dual-signal detection of ATP. • The assay integrated the ATP-responsive ZIF-90 collapse and inhibition effect of ZIF-90 for nanozyme. • The analytical signals combined the distance- and colorimetric- readout. • A paper-based kit was designed to achieve standardized ATP onsite detection. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important biological biomarker, but its rapid extracellular decomposition poses challenges for on-site detection. We report a paper-based dual-readout viscosity flow sensor enabling rapid, equipment-free quantification of ATP. The assay integrates molybdenum disulfide nanozymes for signal amplification with zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) for selective ATP recognition and nanozyme regulation. In the presence of ATP, the intact chitosanase-encapsulated ZIF-90 structure was disintegrated to release chitosanase and thus hydrolyzed chitosan hydrogel, decreasing the viscosity of chitosan solution. Moreover, elimination of ZIF-90 inhibitory effect reactivated the catalytic activity of MoS 2 nanozyme, resulting in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce obvious color change. The analytical signals, combining the distance- and colorimetric- readout, were directly displayed on filter paper without further processed. The proposed dual-readout viscosity flow sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity for ATP detection with detection limits down to 0.038 nM with the distance-readout and 0.057 nM for the colorimetric-readout. Furthermore, we developed an integrated paper kit with a printed scale and color card for standardized on-site analysis without instrumentation. Successful application for ATP quantification in bacterial biofilms and blood samples demonstrates the sensor's strong performance and potential for decentralized testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione (GSH) acts a crucial role in the normal operation of manifold life activities and is closely bound up with many human diseases. Here, a SERS-colorimetric bimodal paper-based biosensor based on Mn-doped CDs/silver nanoparticles (Mn-CDs/AgNPs) has been fabricated for high-efficiency quantification of intracellular GSH. The Mn-CDs/AgNPs with fine oxidase-like characteristic and SERS enhancement ability has been assembled onto the Whatman filter paper (WFP) to cleverly fabricate paper chip (Mn-CDs/AgNPs@WFP) which can trigger the oxidation of colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue TMBox and simultaneously enhance the SERS signal of TMBox. However, the introduction of GSH inhibits the oxidation of TMB, leading to color fading of paper chip and diminishment of SERS signal. Considering this, the bimodal paper-based sensing platform can be exploited for SERS-colorimetric detection of GSH, manifesting excellent selectivity, reliable stability, and satisfactory precision. The detection limits of SERS and colorimetric detection modes are as low as 0.41 μM and 0.53 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this proposed bimodal biosensor has been successfully utilized for the determination of intracellular GSH and validated by commercial GSH assay kit, which provides a mighty and convenient tool for intracellular GSH detection and can boost future effort about exploitation of other multimode paper-based biosensors as well as promote their appliances in disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, Fe 2 O 3 nanorod arrays grown on carbon fiber paper were studied, and carbon-coated Fe 2 O 3 (Fe 2 O 3 @C) and sulfurized Fe 2 O 3 @C (Fe 2 O 3 @C-S) were fabricated by carbon coating and sulfurization processes. To promote the application of these materials in supercapacitors, their electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. Based on the results, the materials obtained utilized a pseudocapacitive mechanism for energy storage. Specifically, Fe 2 O 3 exhibited a moderate specific capacitance and extraordinary cycling stability, and no degradation was observed after 10,000 cycles. Impressively, sulfurization greatly enhanced the rate capability and specific capacitance of the sample. As a result, Fe 2 O 3 @C-S attained a specific capacitance of 976.4 mF cm–2 at 4 mA cm–2 and a robust rate capability of 97.30% at 20 mA cm–2, outperforming Fe 2 O 3 @C (84.39%) and Fe 2 O 3 (70.55%) and demonstrating good cycling stability (92.9%). Notably, Fe 2 O 3 @C-S was active as a positive electrode material; thus, a symmetric supercapacitor was assembled, which yielded a volumetric energy density of 1.46 mWh cm–3 at 16.71 mW cm–3 and maintained an energy density of 0.91 mWh cm–3 even at 145.63 mW cm–3. Moreover, the device exhibited good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 88.3% after 10,000 cycles at 10 mA cm–2. The integration of Fe 2 O 3 nanorod arrays on conductive substrates, coupled with the above modifications, strongly promoted the material's energy storage performance. Our study emphasized the significant potential of Fe 2 O 3 @C-S as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. • Fe 2 O 3 /CFP exhibited outstanding cycling stability with no capacity degradation. • Fe 2 O 3 @C-S showed greatly enhanced specific capacitance and rate capability. • Pore structure demonstrated a crucial factor in determining the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]