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This paper proposes an alternative for parameter estimation of a helicopter with two degrees of freedom that operates under closed loop control. The main contribution of this work is a variant of the algebraic identification methodology, which involves the use of generalized proportional integral observers (GPI). These observers are responsible for providing the estimation of the time-derivatives of the system outputs for their direct computation in the cases where there are non-linear operations with difficult analytical manipulation. Initially, in order to estimate the parameters of interest, an algebraic identifier for each non-linear equation of the system is proposed. Subsequently, for the selection of the estimated parameters the criterion of integral squared error and the corresponding error index are adopted. Finally, experimental results that allow validating the identification strategy and the estimated parameters with respect to the model assumed are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new methodology based on machine learning techniques in diagnostics of psychosocial assessments to identify the risk level in teachers of public schools in Colombia. A comparative study of three important models of machine learning for prediction was done: artificial neural networks, decision trees and naive bayes, reducing the dimensionality of the data. This was done by applying genetic algorithms, algorithm of the expected amount of information, the algorithm GainRatioAttributeEval, Pearson's relation coefficient and principal components analysis. A database was used with 5340 epidemiological records, corresponding to psychosocial evaluations of teachers from public schools in the metropolitan area of a Colombian city. The best predictive performance was obtained with the model of artificial neural networks with an accuracy 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the design of a methodology in infrastructure solutions applicable to technological implementation projects. For the development, the documentary chain method was used, which consists of three stages: collection, treatment and diffusion. In the collection step relevant information is collected from the methodological processes used in degree thesis developed in the Computing Major of the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López, until 2015. In the treatment step, a descriptive case study of the methodologies used in the technological infrastructure research subline was carried out. In the diffusion step, the proposal was socialized. The research shows that the methodological processes used for the execution of technological infrastructure projects are acceptable in only 20%. This demonstrates that the proposed methodology presents clarity and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work presented in this paper is the identification of innovations and new processes in split leather. For this, a process of technological surveillance was done through the search of information referred to canine toys, process technologies, normativity, and trends. Life cycle analysis of the technologies through S curves was applied. Among the most important documents found were two new processes for the manufacture of canine toys described in two patents in the United States. Also, for split leather flour its inflection point in articles was presented in the period 2016-2018, which represents an opportunity to continue research on this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the results of the application of the techniques of osmotic dehydration and hot air drying on mango, guava and lemon so as to give them an added value and to make the most out of these crops to obtain functional ingredients. These fruits came from small agricultural producers in the Department of Altantico, Colombia. The compounds of nutraceutical interest were determined: fiber, calcium and vitamin C. All of them were studied before and after the dehydration process. These two different products were obtained: of low humidity, such as lemon dehydrated peel zest, mango-lemon sheet, mango powder, and guava powder; and of intermediate humidity, dehydrated mango and guava. The hot airdrying process allowed to obtain a lemon dehydrated peel zest, mango powder, and guava powder. These last two products contained an important amount of dietary fiber and vitamin C. By contrast, there was a significant loss of vitamin C in the osmodehydrated products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares several water quality indices applied along 235.3 km of the river Ranchería, La Guajira-Colombia. The comparison directly adopts the values of the indices discretized in five equal intervals (raw indices), and, on their scoring, this is the environmental judgments (also in five classes) associated with such indices. The coincidence between couples of indices is analyzed, in both cases, through the correlation coefficient of Spearman and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results state that raw indices perform higher coincidence, better correlation and lesser deviations than do scorings. This fact stresses the weakness of the relation between the value of the indices and their qualification. It is necessary to carry out an intercalibration exercise in order to consistently gear the different indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the process of selecting a set of criteria for use in energy planning processes using renewable energy sources in rural areas of Colombia. The implementation of renewable energies in the electrification programs of rural areas in Colombia has several obstacles, among which the inadequate selection of criteria to assess the relevance of projects is highlighted. From a bibliographic review, 33 criteria were identified and submitted to expert judgment with a questionnaire based on the Likert scale. For the selection process, the arithmetic mean and the level of significance were used as reference. After processing the results, 20 subcriteria were selected and grouped into five criteria: technical, economic, social, environmental and risk; which allow a comprehensive evaluation of energy planning projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a vehicle routing problem in mountainous cities with the objective of finding the optimum route. Currently, green transportation has become a topic of great interest due to its direct relation with operational costs and its impact on the environment. Traditionally, the shortest route has been considered to minimize both costs and emissions. However, topography in mountains is a particularity that must be considered in order to achieve more realistic solutions. For this study, a multi-objective mathematical model is proposed to determine a route that achieve a proper balance between transportation cost and environmental impact. The model was applied in a retail distribution channel of an Andean city in Colombia. It was concluded that in mountain scenarios, the shortest route is not necessarily the optimum, due to the impact of slope on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristics applied to the power system interdiction problem. This problem considers the interaction of a disruptive agent and a system operator. The disruptive agent aims at maximizing the damage of the power system, measured as load shedding. This agent has limited resources and must select the combination of elements to attack that result in the greatest damage to the system, anticipating the reaction of the system operator. On the other hand, the system operator must minimize the load shedding by redispatching generation resources. The interdiction model is nonlinear, nonconvex and multimodal. The solutions provided by three metaheuristic techniques are compared: Genetic Algorithm, GRASP and Iterated Local Search. Results show that the Iterated Local Search adapts better to the type of problem and allows obtaining the best rate between quality of solutions and computation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of the smart grid with its features and functionalities and identifies the research activities, developments, problems and challenges of smart grids. To achieve this objective, a literature review was done, finding how the dynamic integration of developments in electrical engineering, energy storage and advances in information and communication technologies has shaped the concept of the modern electricity network. In this area, policy implementation and the rapid integration of management systems are causing a great revolution in the generation, transmission, distribution, operation and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of a computational platform for social interaction analysis through text in terms of quantity and content of information to approach the intervention and tracing of mental pathologies. Some indexes to measure the individual cognitive development and information retrieval techniques has been adapted to the analysis context aimed to determine characteristics and find patterns on the individual linguistic components and his development. The study considered ten patients: six diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. Evidences of the characteristics for each pathology such as abrupt change of a conversation matter, and redundancy over conversation subjects were found. Literature results and the results of this study suggest that these systems for computed mediated communication allow discovering information and empowering the cognitive development of a person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores and analyzes the inherent role of the public university in its function of contributing to the public wellness. Some ways of interpreting higher education as a public good are presented. Likewise, a brief approach is made to the Colombian higher education system and to certain dimensions of the public wellness to identify the most relevant challenges. The analysis provides a critical perspective on some important and challenging issues regarding the public purpose of government universities. It is concluded that one of the main functions of public universities to contribute to the public wellness is its promise of social justice. In the case of Colombia, access with equity and quality in all regions of the country in order to reduce the existing gaps must continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper analyzes the modeling of a distribution network as an energy market, moving from a monopolistic structure to a scenario with an increasing number of competitors. To achieve this objective, the scenario of a network considering the transition from centralized to distributed supply was evaluated. Comparison of the characteristics of the energy market, such as price and quantity, considering the distributed and centralized generation was done, also taking into account the increasing levels of penetration of renewable energies. The results showed that as the level of penetration increases, the price of energy decreases, although very slowly, because of the price-demand elasticity of energy. Finally, it is concluded that the structure of the energy market is changing due to the new technologies of generation of energy and distributed generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the economic benefits of the operation of an electric self-generation system with renewable energy sources are determined. The system is connected to the traditional grid and, it has the options to participating in the programs of demand response and to export its surpluses of generation. The variables of the management model were identified based on the Colombians laws and guidelines, established by the government entities of the electricity sector. The results show that the model can be applied to companies from different economic sectors using different curves of load. The uncertainty of the generation and the calculation of the profits were approached with Monte Carlo Simulation. A case of study is presented where a photovoltaic generation system was included, and the proposed model was applied to the industrial and service sectors. This allows analyzing the different benefits that investors can receive varying the capacity of self-generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper shows the results of a bibliometric analysis based on 432 publications (2001-2016) taken from relevant databases, on the subject of humanitarian logistic. Humanitarian logistics has become a fertile research area due to its strategic importance for governments, communities, and companies. This study field emerged as a consequence of logistical weaknesses to face major disasters such as the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004) and the Katrina Hurricane (2005), among others. As a research topic, humanitarian logistic is projected as one of the highest growth in the next ten years. Although, some previous works have addressed this topic from a literature review perspective, most of them are focused on content analysis from a qualitative perspective and, in consequence, bibliometric studies are scarce. In this article, the main bibliometric trends are presented and some knowledge gaps are identified from five perspectives of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to propose a security model, under the framework of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), which facilitates the process of creation, registration and maintenance of Information Technology Security Policies to logical level. As a study case, the networks laboratory of the University of Cartagena in Colombia was considered. For the creation of this model the development phases to physical and logical level were taken into account, giving as a result the proposed model. That is a software support tool that allows organizations identifying risk status to potential threats that may affect the integrity of their information. It is concluded that the application of the model guides organizations in defining the measures that must be taken to reduce risks, guarantying higher stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to propose a procedure to create escape vectors specifically developed to perform an orthogonal projection from an Ax≤b type polyhedron's edge to its interior. The proposed procedure can be implemented in interior-point methods for solving linear programming problems since in these methods various strategies are used to avoid reaching the borders of the polyhedron. A projection procedure was developed to the polyhedron's interior starting from three scenarios and it was used on a context case demonstrating its applicability. The results show that the projection carried out in the iteration in which the escape is done not only allows abandoning from a suboptimal solution but it also kept the same objective function value. Therefore, it can be concluded that interior-point methods do not need to avoid the frontier or to adjust values, as it occurs in other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and characterization of a circular microstrip patch antenna, fed by a hybrid quadrature coupler to achieve reconfigurable circular polarization. The radiating element has a radius of 20.3mm and the overall dimensions of the antenna are 76mm x 76mm X 2.03mm, suitable to attaching it to one of the faces of a satellite (CubeSat 1U). The measurement results of the prototype show a maximum gain of G0 = 6,04dBi and axial ratio bandwidth of 48.56MHz (2%) respect to 2dB at the center frequency of f0 = 2,44GHz; an impedance bandwidth of 27.44% respect to the magnitude of the reflection coefficient of S11 < -10 dB, in the range of 2,295GHz to 3,025GHz at the center frequency of f0 = 2,44GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the DC-bus control problem for three-leg four-wires Shunt Active Power Compensators (SAPCs), based on the solution of a mathematical model. Starting with the SAPC concept a mathematical model with enough information to deduce the transfer function that describes the charging/discharging DC-bus process is proposed. A PI controller for tuning the SAPC with enough speed and robustness to keep the DC voltage in an adequate level is employed, so that it is guaranteed that the active power is only supplied on demand. The proposed model guarantees reactive power compensation, regulation of the DC bus and balance between the two capacitors in the DC bus. The mathematical model is verified by Matlab simulations and it is validated through a circuital model implemented in PSIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an information system that processes the installed equipment data to monitor soil moisture, precipitation and water level of the Manzanares River, as part of a program for the early warning of flash flood in the Manzanares River Basin in Santa Marta, Colombia. The system detects flash floods and emits three types of alert, yellow, orange and red, depending on the level of the river. For technological development, Java Enterprise Edition was used, in conjunction with programming interfaces such as Google Maps, Google Cloud Messaging, Google Play Services and a relational database to store information. The results demonstrate the importance of information systems as a tool to alert communities at risk of flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research identifies the technological competencies of Colombian public officials in the municipality of Riohacha to detect the digital divide that prevents the approach of these officials to citizens. With a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach based on a study case, a questionnaire is applied to 35 representatives of the mentioned municipality. The quantitative results are located at the low level, showing that they almost never use the potential of ICT to meet the needs of the population in terms of the services offered by the government, while the qualitative data responds to the socio demographic characteristics of sampling. Consequently, a government school is proposed in this paper for the training these officials in Information and Communication Technologies, so they can offer better service to the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how multicore parallelism is implemented in the Haskell and Java programming languages, using two different programming paradigms, functional and object oriented. The starting point is an existing implementation of the sudokus solver algorithm, developed in Haskell with a functional approach, to which elements of basic parallelization were incorporated. After that, an equivalent version was constructed from object-oriented programming in the Java language. Finally, different measurements were taken to analyze and contrast the performance of the two implementations. According to the analysis, it was concluded that Haskell makes a more optimal use than Java of multicore architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the particle swarm optimization (PSO) along with some of its variants is explored to give solution to the optimal reactive power dispatch problem (ORPD). This problem consists of the optimal use of reactive power resources in a power system, usually with the aim of minimizing power loses and improving voltage profile. The ORPD is a non-lineal and non-convex problem that involves continues and discrete variables and features multiple sub-optimal solutions. Besides the PSO technique, the variants known as Turbulent PSO (TPSO) and Turbulent Crazy (PSO) were implemented. Several tests were performed on IEEE 57 and 118 bus test systems comparing results with other reported in the technical literature. It was found that the performance of PSO is considerably improved when the variants TPSO and TCPSO are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of multi-objective linear programming for reverse logistics sector of plastic polypropylene is presented in this paper. For this, a review of the theoretical framework related to the recovery process of polypropylene plastic from municipal solid waste and waste of industrial processes was done. Next, a multi-objective linear programming model which incorporates the variables and parameters identified in the design of the reverse logistics process was defined. Finally, a comparative analysis of a case study is done to determine the impact of the model on the results of the program logistics planning. An improvement of 12.6% was found in the costs associated with the program planning. At the same time, the Degradation to Processability Index is optimized which generates good quality recycled polypropylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of two sensor networks as initial stage for the design of a prototype electronic tongue. One of these sensor networks was joined by commercial screen printed electrodes and the other sensor network was assembled from modified electrodes with pyrrole and different dopants. The capacity of discrimination and classification of different types of samples of commercial milk to two sensor networks was analyzed. The results show that the use of modified sensors with conductive polymers allows obtaining more complete information, classifying correctly samples of milk with different organoleptic and physico-chemical properties by the use of two main components that reproduced the 67,6% of information. On the contrary, the commercial sensor network evaluated on the same group of samples and equal conditions, obtaining 56,5% of the variability of information, showing in this way lower classifying capacity of the samples analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study done to find an interior point in the feasible region of linear programming problems is an aspect that should be solved in the initial stage of the implementation of the interior point algorithms used to optimize them. Consequently, it is proposed a methodology that starts with a formulation that does not require adding surplus or slack variables. It only includes an additional variable to generate a polyhedron in a new expanded space and with simple projections finds an interior point in the same polyhedron. It is demonstrated that the optimal solution of the extended linear programming problem allows obtaining a feasible point of the original problem or concluding that it has no feasible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Ecuadorian State there is no Social Education as a profession. Would it be necessary? Are there social or professional practices that fulfill their function, that being the case? The objective of this paper is to state initial questions that later allow understand the possible importance of this profession in Ecuador. This is an exploratory research which includes firstly a bibliographical revision about such broad issues. Secondly, it describes the brief experience of the profession in Ecuador, which establishes a link with Spanish Social Education. It makes a revision of Spanish Social Education development as a profession and it exposes its most basic characteristics. Finally, the document tries to clarify the situation of the profession in Latin America in order to raise questions that guide future lines of investigation. Perhaps, seek of Ecuadorian experiences regarding the issues related to Pedagogy and Social Education could contributes to start new actions to develop its own social professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model to analyse the production process of a large international milk-processing company, with the main objective of minimizing total production costs. Process optimization is an important task that must be solved during the strategic and operating steps of the company planning. The proposed methodology visualizes the situations as a linear blending optimisation problem and the model is based on goal programming methodology. The model was implemented using an original software application that is currently used in the company as an operational decision making tool. This system is a MS Excel add-in application written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). The experience of the users that are currently using the software is positive and the company shows interest to continue using the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a comparison between different low-semantic descriptive algorithms coupled with a support vector machine and the deep learning algorithm, for the task of recognition and classification of aerial images. For this task, a database composed of 1200 images is used to fulfill the supervised trainings. The objective consists on classifying images in six categories that are commonly found on urban areas, in order to be used in any part of the world. The results show that with 150 samples of each class, the deep learning algorithm is capable of classifying images of avenues, buildings, industries, natural areas, residential areas and water bodies with an 87% of accuracy. Experimental results also prove that the labeled images as industry and buildings are the most complex ones to distinguish among these two classes, both for low-level descriptors and deep learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a methodology based on an intelligent technique to analyze the failures in the different machines of a production line, in order to establish and identify the main variables that generate the greatest fraction of idle times in the system and to propose possible solutions. The development of the methodology was carried out in five steps. The first corresponds to the collection of information in a database; the second is the standardization of the description of the faults; the third is the application of data mining from the information collected; the fourth is the determination of the mathematical model to be applied; the fifth is to conclude from the results obtained. The tool used was WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) with the classification tree J48. The result of the proposed methodology in comparison with the current methodology, is positive, because it is achieved increase of 3.58 percentage points is achieved in the overall efficiency indicator. It is concluded that the tool is useful to identify and reduce idle times of a line of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the study of the behavior of a stirred tank with hydrofoil impeller, used to mix water with polymetallic particles in the mining industry, through numerical simulation with CFD software. The mixture has an average density of 1.623 kg / m³ and an apparent viscosity of 0.065 kg / m-s, and was modeled as a non-newtonian homogeneous liquid. The homogeneous Euler-Euler model for free surface biphasic flow in steady state is solved in the simulation, using the k-ε turbulence model. The power curve, which correlates the power number (Np) with the Reynolds number (Re), was obtained from the torque curve of the impeller versus its angular velocity between 200 and 700 rpm. It was found that Np asymptotically converges to 0.32 in turbulent regime, a value that is in agreement with experimental results obtained in the present study and those available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an integration of the process of environmental licensing applied to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) through the document Study and Report of Environmental Impact (EIA/RIMA). Also, the study analyzes the structuring of the recommendations of project management practices according to the Project Management Institute in the stages of initiation, planning, execution, control and closure. This is done to identify the efficiency in integration processes, stakeholders, scope, time, quality, cost and communication in the document project management plan EIA/RIMA. The contextualization of the national, state and local environmental licensing policies in Brazil was done. These are crucial in the making of the Environmental Impact Study. The integration of project management and environmental management documents contributes to form teams that are more committed with environmental responsibilities present in the work plans of environmental projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study presented in this paper was evaluating the educational software Agroforestry World (Mundo Agroforestal) by rural young men and women from the educational institution Francisco de la Villota in Nariño, Colombia. Information and Communication Technologies are widely used for facilitating educational processes. The relatively new educational software Agroforestry World has not been assessed regarding the learning outcomes that might result from its application. Analyses were done through a TStudent test and a general linear model. After some time, significant learning processes in agroforestry were obtained. It was observed that the use of the software facilitated students' comprehension of the different topics, improving self-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the reaction of enzymatic hydrolysis of the erythrocyte fraction of bovine blood was optimized through the response surface methodology. The effects of substrate concentration (S0: 8-12 %), enzyme/substrate ratio (E0/S0: 4-12 g/100 g protein) and pH (8-10), on degree of hydrolysis (DH) working to constant temperature of 55° C in a batch reactor, by 2 h were determined. The optimization of the statistical model obtained gave a maximum DH of 38.08 %, with pH 8.16; S0: 6.6 and E0/S0: 14.7, which was experimentally proved giving a DH of 36.25 ± 0.3 with negative bias of 5 %. At the optimal conditions samples were taken at three hydrolysis times to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, which was analyzed with ORAC, ABTS and FRAP methods. Greater antioxidant capacity was obtained at long hydrolysis time. After in vitro digestion it was confirmed that the antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzate remained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that there are electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal constraints that determine the design of high-speed electrical machines, the criteria that lead to adequate selection of the machine are established in this work. Moreover, taking into account the current state of technology, the critical values in the ratio (output power)/(rotation speed), are presented. The paper focuses on the high-speed synchronous generators, especially in permanent magnet generators, inductor alternators and flux switching alternators, emphasizing their constructive fundamentals and their advantages and disadvantages. The analysis is completed with a critical assessment that classifies them according to previously defined requirements. Although the decision of the final choice is largely determined by the application of interest, it can be said that, in general, synchronous generators with permanent magnets in the rotor are the best option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the electrical performance of ceramic (ANSI 52-1, ANSI 55-2) and polymeric (ANSI DS-15) insulators used in medium voltage electrical systems (between 7kV y 35 kV) when fungi growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Penicillium Sp. on their surface is presented. Biological contamination of electrical insulators is a problem that has been reported in tropical areas in Europe, Asia and Oceania and it may reduce the reliability of electric power systems. The biocontamination was conducted in Bogota, Colombia for 50 consecutive days (for each microorganism) using a chamber that controls light, moisture and temperature. Laboratory tests of flashover voltages and leakage currents were performed. After fungus biocontamination reductions in flashover voltages about 21% and 8% were reported for ceramic and polymeric insulators, respectively. In all cases, the leakage currents increased by 20% or higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]