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Cet article rend compte des résultats d'une recherche menée conjointement par les professionnels d'une équipe de centre médico-psychologique et de sociologues. Il interroge les effets du premier confinement (printemps 2020) sur les situations des enfants suivis au CMP et leur famille, mais également sur les pratiques des soignants. L'étude a été mise en œuvre à partir de mai 2020, avec deux modalités de réflexion proposées à dix professionnels (psychologues, pédopsychiatres, orthophonistes, psychomotriciens, assistante sociale) du CMP : soit écrire un texte de quelques pages, soit participer à un entretien avec l'un des quatre sociologues. Dans les deux cas, la consigne était de partir de situations cliniques en détaillant les différents aspects sociaux et psychiques et de formuler des idées sur les effets du confinement, en s'appuyant sur des exemples cliniques tout en préservant l'anonymat des patients. Après ce premier temps d'élaboration commune, plusieurs rencontres entre soignants et sociologues ont eu lieu pour réfléchir ensemble au contenu de ces textes et élaborer une réflexion plus générale dont cet article est l'aboutissement. Cette recherche a permis de documenter l'effet de la crise sanitaire sur les enfants et les familles (renforcement des inégalités sociales) telles que perçues par les professionnels, ainsi que les adaptations des pratiques de soin (consultations à distance) et les questionnements des professionnels durant cette période. Concernant les situations des enfants et des familles, les données recueillies révèlent des inégalités sociales exacerbées par le contexte de crise sanitaire mais soulignent également l'existence de certains facteurs (type de logement, configurations familiales, rapport aux normes scolaires et sanitaires) qui ont pu créer des différences entre personnes pourtant issues de catégories socioprofessionnelles semblables. Concernant les pratiques et réflexions des professionnels, le souci de garantir la continuité du lien a été essentiel pour les professionnels, ce qui a donné lieu à des pratiques possiblement éloignées du cadre habituel, avec la limitation des rendez-vous en présence et l'usage du téléphone pour les consultations. Les professionnels se sont interrogés sur les effets et enjeux de ces suivis à distance et ont été contraints de se repositionner sur les plans clinique et thérapeutique. Cette expérience de recherche invite à renouveler ce type d'étude, pour la richesse des résultats obtenus grâce au croisement des regards des soignants et des sociologues, mais aussi pour son intérêt du point de vue de la réflexivité de l'équipe soignante. In this article, we present the results of a research project conducted jointly by professionals from a child and adolescent mental health center (CMP) and sociologists. We explore how the first confinement (in the spring of 2020) affected the situation of the child patients at the CMP and their families, as well as the care practices of the professionals. The study was implemented in May 2020. Nine mental health professionals (psychologists, child psychiatrists, speech therapists, psychomotor therapists, social worker) were invited either to write a text reflecting on their experience, or to participate in an interview with one of the four sociologists. In both cases, the suggestion was to describe clinical situations, focusing both on social and psychological aspects, and to formulate ideas on the effects of confinement based on these clinical examples, while preserving the anonymity of the patients. Following this phase, the mental health team and the sociologists met several times to collectively discuss the content of these texts and to elaborate a reflection at a more general level that resulted in this article. This research illustrates some effects of the Covid-19 crisis on children and families, notably the reinforcement of social inequalities, as witnessed by mental health care professionals. It also documents the adaptations of care practices (e.g. remote consultations) during this period, as well as the multiple questions that professionals had to address. Regarding the situations of the children and their families, the data collected reveal that social inequalities have been exacerbated by the context of the pandemic, but it also underscores how certain factors (type of housing, family configurations, individuals' relationships with academic and public health norms) may have contributed to differences between families from similar socio-professional categories. Regarding mental health care, it appears that guaranteeing the continuity of the relationship with the child and/or the family was a crucial concern for the professionals. As face-to-face appointments were limited, practices arose that were not seen as options in the usual work environment and habits, such as phone consultations. Professionals questioned the effects and stakes of these remote encounters and were forced to reposition themselves clinically and therapeutically. This research experience encourages us to renew this type of study, because of the richness of the results produced by an analysis associating professionals and sociologists, but also because of its contribution to the mental health team's capacity to reflect critically on its own practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La chirurgie des personnes transidentitaires n'est pas appréhendée par la majorité des chirurgiens plasticiens comme une simple chirurgie à but de transformation morphologique. Parallèlement la population trans française ne bénéficie pas d'une couverture chirurgicale adéquate. Au cours des dernières années, la réglementation française s'est allégée sur le parcours des chirurgies de réassignement. De plus nous avons assisté à une progression assez rapide des demandes de chirurgie de transition avec des parcours accélérés et parfois atypiques. Depuis quelques années un certain nombre de spécialistes ont mis en garde la communauté médicale sur les risques de dérapage en raison d'un manque de suivi psychologique de certaines personnes entamant un parcours de transition. Il est également apparu assez récemment des parcours de transition hybrides qui ne se résument plus d'un point de vue chirurgical à faire en sorte qu'une patiente assignée comme femme à la naissance puisse revêtir une apparence la plus masculine possible ou l'inverse. Nous exposons dans ce manuscrit la place biologique, historique et sociétale de la transidentité puis abordons les raisons des mises en garde d'une certaine catégorie de la population médicale tout en rassurant la communauté chirurgicale sur le bienfondé des chirurgies de réassignements dans un contexte contrôlé. Nous terminons par proposer quelques voix d'amélioration du parcours des personnes transidentitaires applicables en France. The surgery of trans people is not apprehended by most of plastic surgeons as a simple surgery for the purpose of morphological transformation. At the same time, the French trans population does not benefit from adequate surgical coverage. Over the past few years, French regulations have simplified the process of reassignment surgeries. In addition, we have witnessed a fairly rapid increase in requests for transition surgery with accelerated and sometimes atypical courses. In recent years, a number of specialists have warned the medical community about the risks of slippage due to a lack of psychological monitoring of certain people beginning a transition process. Quite recently, hybrid transition paths have also appeared which, from a surgical point of view, are no longer limited to ensuring that a native assigned female patient can take on the most masculine appearance possible or the reverse. In this manuscript, we expose the biological, historical and societal place of transidentity and then address the reasons for the warnings of a certain category of the medical population while reassuring the surgical community on the benefits of reassignment surgeries in a controlled context. We end by proposing a few ways to improve the care course of trans people applicable in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quels enjeux porte la question de l'observance thérapeutique d'un point de vue sociologique ? Si les causes de la mauvaise observance sont maintenant bien identifiées dans le rapport conflictuel au traitement, dans le manque de ressources du patient et dans les interactions médecin–malade déséquilibrées, elle interroge la capacité du patient à être autonome. Dans un contexte de désinstitutionalisation et de déclin des relations thérapeutiques asymétriques, l'autonomie du patient est à la fois une revendication, une nécessité organisationnelle et une injonction morale. Le malade doit pouvoir s'insérer dans une nouvelle division du travail médical qui fait de la maladie un espace collaboratif, et du patient un coproducteur de soin ayant une place spécifique dans la chaîne thérapeutique. Ce mouvement de professionnalisation et de retournement du « locus of contrôle » conduit aussi à des formes d'épuisement moral dans le cas des pathologies au long cours. From a sociological point of view, what are the challenges involved in the question of therapeutic compliance? While the causes of non-compliance have now been well identified in the opposing relationship with the treatment, in the patient's lack of resources, and in unequal doctor-patient interactions, it also raises questions about the patient's ability to be autonomous. In a context of deinstitutionalization and decline of asymmetrical therapeutic relationships, patient autonomy is at once a demand, an organizational necessity and a moral injunction. The patient must be able to fit into a new division of medical treatment protocols that transform the illness into a collaborative space, and the patient into a co-producer of care with a specific place in the therapeutic chain. This move toward professionalization and the inversion of the "locus of control" also leads to forms of moral exhaustion in the case of long-term chronic illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge co-production is increasingly referred to as a means to reorganise expert work and generate policy support. Co-production processes bring together diverse expertise to explore environmental problems beyond epistemic or administrative silos. This re-orchestration of knowledge production is seen as critical for the attainment of sustainability transformations. However, little attention has, so far, been given to the ways in which co-production experiments entangle with the settings to which they are introduced. Drawing from the new sociology of testing, we suggest that knowledge co-production experiments can be fruitfully analysed as tests of established policymaking practices. This approach highlights the role of co-production processes as collaborative forms that intervene by re-orchestrating the analysis of policy-relevant relationships. Interviews of actors engaged with two transition arenas shows that the experiments qualified as new forms of expert involvement, sources of ontological disturbance, and as interruptions in policymaking that oscillates around project-based regional development and an environmental conflict. The methodology provides a relational sensitivity to analyse the interplay between co-production experiments and their settings. • Knowledge co-production experiments test established policymaking practices. • Means are provided to analyse what co-production experiments place on trial. • The methodology is used to examine two Finnish transition arena experiments. • The experiments re-orchestrated the analysis of policy-relevant relationships. • Focusing on re-orchestrations made visible cemented forms of political work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le Dr Achille Delmas, psychiatre d'exercice libéral, acquit la célébrité entre les deux guerres par ses travaux qui se situaient dans le prolongement de ceux du Pr Ernest Dupré. Il défendait une conception des maladies mentales issue de la théorie des constitutions, c'est-à-dire de dispositions héritées, persistantes tout au long de la vie, dont la plus fréquente était la constitution cyclothymique. Il représentait ainsi un courant traditionaliste et se montrait un adversaire résolu, aussi bien de la psychanalyse que de la sociologie. Dans son ouvrage Psychologie pathologique du suicide , il défendait le rôle essentiel des troubles de l'humeur et critiquait vigoureusement les thèses sociologiques issues des travaux de Durkheim et d'Halbwachs. Ses travaux méritent d'être actualisés face à un « sociologisme » contemporain qui rend responsables du suicide les conditions de milieu, et particulièrement de travail, et qui tend à nier le rôle des facteurs pathologiques. Dr Achille Delmas, a psychiatrist in private practice, achieved fame between the two world wars for his work, which was an extension of Professor Ernest Dupré's insights. He defended a view of mental illness based on the theory of "constitutions," i.e., hereditary dispositions that persist throughout life, the most common of which is the cyclothymic constitution. He thus represented a traditionalist point of view and was an adamant opponent of psychoanalysis as well as sociology. In his book Psychologie pathologique du suicide , he argued for the essential role of mood disorders in suicide and vigorously criticized the sociological theses derived from the works of Durkheim and Halbwachs. His work deserves a renewed interest in the face of a contemporary sociologizing discourse concerning suicide that overemphasizes the role of environmental conditions – particularly those of the workplace – and that tends to deny the importance of pathological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'incertitude est inhérente à tous les aspects de la pratique médicale. Le concept d'incertitude dans le soin reste largement à explorer, et l'étude des déterminants et fondements mêmes de cette incertitude pourrait bénéficier de l'éclairage de disciplines telles que l'épistémologie, la sociologie, les mathématiques, ou encore la philosophie. Au vu de l'urgence, bien illustrée par la pandémie actuelle, à mieux former les médecins à naviguer dans cette incertitude, le concept de tolérance à l'incertitude a été proposé. Ainsi, nous proposons dans un premier temps, de présenter le modèle conceptuel de la tolérance à l'incertitude selon Hillen et al. Ensuite, sur un plan pédagogique, nous discutons quelques pistes de réflexions sur la manière dont pourrait-être pensée la tolérance à l'incertitude, dans une perspective d'approche par compétence, et comment cette démarche pourrait s'appuyer sur plusieurs dispositifs de formation, déjà mis en œuvre dans d'autres pays. Uncertainty in inherent to every aspects of medical practice. As the concept of uncertainty in healthcare is still to explore, deciphering the determinants and the roots of this uncertainty would benefit from the insights of various disciplines, such as epistemology, sociology, mathematics, or philosophy. The urgent need to improve physician's ability to cope with uncertainty, has been recently highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the concept of uncertainty tolerance has been proposed, and could serve as a relevant basis for approaching uncertainty, in medical education. Thus, we propose at first to discuss the uncertainty tolerance framework from Hillen et al. Then, from an educational perspective, we outline some avenues regarding how uncertainty tolerance could be thought, in a competence-based approach, and discuss several educational activities, which have proven efficient in promoting uncertainty tolerance among medical practitioners abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few academic genres have received more attention than the research abstract. Its increasing importance, diverse functions and convenient length mean it has been dismembered and dissected by analysts in countless articles. This is a key genre, central to researchers' reading decisions and therefore to the creation of new knowledge, and as a result writers use a variety of interactive resources to attract readers to the accompanying article. Despite this interest, however, negation has largely escaped EAP scrutiny. This study, therefore, seeks to correct this oversight by examining negation in research abstracts and the extent it contributes to rhetorical persuasion. Drawing on a diachronic corpus of research abstracts, we show how negation contributes to an interpersonal model of academic writing and describe the forms, functions and distribution of negation across time and disciplines. The results not only add to our knowledge of the rhetorical functions of negation but also raise important pedagogical implication for English for Academic Purposes. • We propose an interpersonal model of negation in academic writing. • Rhetorical uses of negation were examined in diachronic research abstracts. • Negation was increasingly used to express affect, hedging, comparison and addition. • There was a diachronic fall in the use of extratextual negation. • Sociology stood out for both interactive and interactional use of negation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicalization represents an increasingly significant form of social control. Emergent evidence suggests that workplace managers take up medicalized practices and discourses to produce a compliant labor force, but this phenomenon has received limited sociological attention. This paper extends prior theories of medicalization to investigate therapeutic management in the low-wage workplace. I draw upon eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Disability Works, a nonprofit job training program for people with mental illnesses, and interviews with other providers and advocates within this field. Disability Works harnesses therapy, psychiatry, and "softer" therapeutic practices such as mindfulness meditation, sleep hygiene, and positive affirmations to produce its workforce. This paper identifies two dimensions of therapeutic management: (1) it aims to inculcate work norms at the level of client-workers' embodied dispositions, and (2) it aims to transform structural problems into individual ones. Findings illuminate therapeutic management as an emergent workplace regime and may guide future research on its effects. • "Therapeutic management" is an emergent managerial style. • Ethnographic fieldwork and interviews illustrate practices of therapeutic management. • This style draws on therapy, psychiatry, and pseudo-therapeutic practices. • Therapeutic management aims to inculcate work norms at the dispositional level. • Therapeutic management aims to transform structural problems into individual ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conceptually, we coin the concept of 'recurrent events'. • Theoretically, we draw from resonance theory to conceptualize constellations of cultural change around recurrent events. • Methodologically, we construct a unique publicly available dataset of Eurovision lyrics and social beliefs data in 18 European countries between 1981 and 2021. • Empirically, we identify six different constellations of cultural change around Eurovision in regard to narratives about gender and sexual identity and national identity. Sociologists usually conceptualize events as unexpected occurrences bringing about long-lasting transformations of social structures. Following this definition, most empirical studies of events focus on pre/post-measurement strategies. Yet not all events are unexpected (e.g., Eurovision, Oscar nominations, the Olympics). Moreover, pre/post-measurements cannot capture the temporality in which meaning-making processes unfold nor account for the overlap between various events. We address these shortcomings by introducing the concept of 'recurrent events,' defined as events occurring with regular and recurrent cadence, charging collective effervescence and anticipation among audiences. Drawing from resonance theory, we conceptualize constellations of cultural change happening around recurrent events. We provide an empirical proof-of-concept, focusing on the case of the Eurovision Song Contest. To do so, we build a unique dataset of Eurovision lyrics and public attitudes in 18 European countries between 1981 and 2021 to study the relationships between attitudes about sexual and gender identity and national identity and the corresponding narratives presented at Eurovision. Our findings complicate common assumptions about the duality of events, by highlighting six different configurations of cultural change. We demonstrate how the concept of recurrent events contributes to the literature on events, consider the theoretical and methodological implications, and provide recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obituaries are often the only published record of an individual's life and elicit community reactions, including stigmatization. Because obituaries are typically written by the bereaved, their content reflects the writer's perceptions of mores governing the social context of the next-of-kin and decedent. When a cause of death is stigmatized, it can influence the way the bereaved write the obituary. However, what constitutes a stigmatized cause of death may change as larger societal discourses of morality shift and conditions or events become framed differently. Using a sample of obituaries (N = 210) from obituary aggregator Legacy.com of "off-time," or premature, deaths in West Virginia from 2010, 2015, 2017, and 2019, this article explores whether the presentation of overdose deaths in obituaries changes alongside the shift in the public framing of the opioid crisis as medical rather than criminal. I find obituaries including terms associated with drug use and overdose become both more common and explicit over the course of the study period. This suggests that the shift in public framing of the opioid crisis from criminalization to medicalization corresponds with a decrease in drug stigmatization in obituaries. Obituary analysis can be a useful means of exploring the stigmatization of other controversial causes of death, such as suicide, cirrhosis, and lung cancer. • Causes of death are typically left out of obituaries for deaths related to stigmatized behaviors. • What constitutes a stigmatized cause of death may change amid shifts in morality or the public reframing of issues. • Over the opioid crisis, the public framing of opioid use shifts from criminalization to medicalization. • Amid this shift, West Virginian obituaries become more likely to include details about decedents' drug use and overdose. • "Overdose obituaries" may be a way the bereaved challenge stigma and change public narratives about addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conditional reimbursement policies are increasingly viewed as promising instruments for expensive yet uncertain technologies and pharmaceuticals. • There is paucity of empirical research investigating how conditional reimbursement policies play out in practice. • We study two cases of conditional reimbursement in the context of Dutch healthcare and identify three key tensions: proceduralism versus improvisation, steering professionals versus providing leeway, and involving patients as data subjects versus legitimate stakeholders. • The notion of 'epistemic entanglements' highlights how normative and scientific dimensions are interwoven in reimbursement decisions. HTA agencies are experimenting with conditional reimbursement approaches allowing greater flexibility to cope with epistemic uncertainties generated by new health technologies and pharmaceuticals lacking evidence. While some research into promises and effects of conditional reimbursement is conducted, little empirical research investigates how such policies play out in practice. In this paper, we analyze two cases of conditional reimbursement in the Netherlands. Case studies were purposively selected. We conducted document analysis combined with semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 28). We analyzed both case studies together through initial thematic analysis and additional abductive analysis. Results were verified through data triangulation. We performed a member check in which we presented our preliminary analysis during a reflection meeting with key stakeholders. We identified three tensions in the practices of CED-schemes: proceduralism versus improvisation, steering professionals versus providing leeway, involving patients as data subjects versus legitimate stakeholders. These tensions explicate several sources of epistemic uncertainties that extend beyond methodological and more well-known socio-political pressures such as from industry on regular reimbursement decision-making process. We note the importance of improvisation work, of normative considerations, and of epistemic hierarchies. We postulate that the emerging uncertainties within the practice of CED-schemes are to an extent unavoidable as they emerge from the necessarily interactive and normative nature of human relations. We conceptualize this with the notion of 'epistemic entanglements', which highlights how normative and scientific dimensions are interwoven in reimbursement decisions. As epistemic uncertainties are difficult to reduce and tame in practice the need for a more reflexive and inclusive approach to conditional reimbursement decision-making becomes apparent. New technologies and personalized medicines can have great health benefits for patients, but often not enough knowledge is available to assess whether these innovations live up to their expectations. At the same time, despite this uncertainty, governments need to make a decision about whether or not to reimburse these innovations. Many countries are experimenting with forms of conditional reimbursement: temporarily reimbursement of technologies until more evidence is collected regarding (cost-)effectiveness in practice. Although much literature addresses potential benefits and drawbacks of conditional reimbursement policies, few studies look into how such policies play out in practice. In our research we study two examples of conditional reimbursement practices. We show conditional reimbursement practices lead to three new tensions. We conclude that HTA agencies would benefit from approaches that recognize that evidence-development and normative considerations are intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the relevance of Kant's anthropologically oriented idea of the pragmatic use of reason for specific theoretical approaches in sociology. As I show in the first part, Kant's explicit presence in 20th-century sociology does not refer much to his anthropology and specifically to its cornerstone – the pragmatic use of reason which establishes a subtle connection between the theoretical and practical functions of reason. As an instrument for gaining systematic knowledge about the social world and ourselves as beings both passively and actively involved in this process, Kant's pragmatic use of reason serves a specific form of the theoretical use of reason. At the same time, it embodies a kind of practical reasoning concerning the "general welfare" in the social sphere. Building on the key arguments in the first part, I then address the question of whether we can view Kant's pragmatic approach as a possible third way for sociology today, beyond the simplifying opposition of 'theoretical' normativity and 'realistic' empiricism, and whether this third way can help us in clearing specific sociological issues. Here, I focus on two examples, namely the use of Kant's notion of "unsocial sociability" in Ralf Dahrendorf's conflict theory and on the criticism of Kant's cosmopolitanism in Ulrich Beck's reformed sociology of cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le 19 juin 2023, une séance de la Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) a été consacrée au thème « criminologie et victimologie ». Des sujets habituellement peu abordés mais néanmoins très importants y étaient utilement programmés : les femmes présentant des troubles mentaux auteures d'homicides ou de tentatives d'homicides, les homicides transphobes, le filicide, les distorsions cognitives des victimes, la nécessité de réformer les expertises psychiatriques et psychologiques présentencielles en France. Des exposés, des échanges et une séance riche qui auront une suite dans la programmation des séances de la SMP. On June 19, 2023, a session of the Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) was devoted to the theme "Criminology and Victimology". Subjects usually little discussed but nevertheless very important were usefully programmed there: women with mental disorders perpetrators of homicides or attempted homicides, transphobic homicides, filicide, cognitive distortions of victims, the need to reform pre-sentence psychiatric and psychological expertise in France. Presentations, discussions and a rich session which will continue in the programming of the SMP sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for understanding psychological trauma has grown considerably over the past fifteen years, leading to a real conceptual revolution at the crossroads of psychiatry, psychology, neurobiology, sociology, and anthropology, among others. However, despite the wealth of semiological descriptions, the under-diagnosis and late diagnosis of post-traumatic disorders, at the stage of intense suffering, remain numerous. This could be because the traumatic origins of the disorders remain unclear, due to their clinical characteristics–that is, the "unspeakable experience" of dissociation in language–, or because the healthcare system and the networks of practitioners come up against conceptual impasses that undoubtedly reflect the psychotraumatic process present even in theoretical discourse, to the point of rendering it ineffective. Now is the time to build a new model. Based on a linguistic methodology, the standardized computerized and manual study of the speech of psychically injured patients recently enabled us to define the notion of traumatic psycholinguistic syndrome (SPLIT). Our new perspective aims to overcome the diagnostic and therapeutic obstacles that too many people with mental health injuries still face. More objective than semiological and psychometric approaches, linguistic markers pave the way for the digital phenotyping of post-traumatic stress disorder and make it possible to better assess the recommended care. After discussing the pioneering work in the literature, we build a psycholinguistic tool allowing for the identification of psychically injured subjects. The exploratory analysis material includes two corpora of traumatic event narratives called "Bataclan" (n = 20 collected among survivors of the Paris attacks in 2015) and "Afghanistan War" (n = 15 collected among French soldiers deployed), which are matched to a control group. The narratives were transcribed and segmented into clauses and the following linguistic characteristics were analyzed: disfluencies (silent pauses, hesitation pauses, vocalic lengthenings, incomplete words, incomplete utterances, contiguous word repetitions). Narrative coherence, certain lexical fields (concerning death, emotions, etc.), spatio-temporal references, references to the person (personal and generic pronouns in particular), and non-literal language were also taken into account. In order to confirm the validity of the SPLIT-10 scale, we tested it on two additional corpora of traumatic narratives: the "Nice" corpus (n = 20) collected in the days following the attack perpetrated in Nice (July 14, 2016) and the "sexual assault" corpus (n = 20) composed of testimonies from people who were victims of a single sexual assault that occurred during adulthood. Linguistic characteristics that proved irrelevant either because they were insignificant, or because they were too frequent and/or difficult to discriminate in practice were eliminated: lexicon of emotions, verbal tenses, non-generic pronouns, narrative coherence. Conversely, the criteria that appear to be the most relevant for differentiating between traumatic and non-traumatic narratives were the following ones: lexicon concerning death, body parts, and unreality; verbs of perception, movement, or position of the body; spatial context including the appreciation of distances; generic pronouns; mention of the time and duration of the event; incomplete utterances; repetitions; and non-literal language. These criteria constitute a 10-item scale for which we will give examples for each criterion, then present as a global test. The results show that the SPLIT-10 scale significantly discriminates between traumatic and non-traumatic narratives. The SPLIT-10 items correspond to 5 psycholinguistic sub-syndromes: reference to death (item 1), derealization (items 2 to 4), depersonalization (items 5 to 7), flashbacks (items 8 and 9) and unspeakability (item 10). While these items turn out to be compatible with the criteria for PTSD retained by the DSM-5 (like those concerning acute stress disorder), the linguistic markers that we have identified appear to be much more detailed and specific to the psychological trauma than the usually described psychiatric symptoms. Because it accurately accounts for dissociation, SPLIT-10 is syndromically more consistent than the definition of PTSD in the nosography. It would be useful to replicate our study by considering larger multicenter corpora by controlling comorbidities, by varying the types of unique and complex traumatic events, and by focusing specifically on traumas occurring in childhood when language is still being constructed. In addition, the cut-off point of 5 on the 10-point scale could be revised upwards, or even be adapted according to the length of the verbal production. Moreover, a feasibility analysis should be carried out in current clinical practice measuring the effectiveness of practitioners trained in the use of this new tool. Finally, beyond the 10 items that we have retained, it would be interesting to develop a more complex scale that could be used for fundamental research purposes by integrating many other linguistic characteristics. Due to its infiltration of the theoretical discourse that attempts to grasp it, traumatic dissociation has until now remained a difficult notion to model. As a new clinical approach to dissociation, traumatic psycholinguistic syndrome reflects the "linguistic wound" constitutive of trauma. The definition of the SPLIT-10 scale appears more objective than the usual clinical analysis or the scales and questionnaires based on the nosography, which call for the subjective assessment of symptoms by the patient and/or the practitioner. Nevertheless, far from denying all subjectivity, the semantic analysis of discourse, in tandem with lexical and syntactic linguistic approaches, also offers to better characterize the specificity of what caused the trauma in a singular subject. Finally, the pragmatic analysis of the dialogical interaction between the patient and the clinician will prove to be fundamental in our understanding of the effective therapeutic mechanisms that allow patients to move beyond their traumatic dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article utilises ideal typical models, or sociological heuristics, when analysing COVID-19 pandemic responses in an international context. Axes of differentiation include Authoritarian-Libertarian and Left-Right tendencies, encapsulating four generic worldviews that potentially patterned societal responses to the novel coronavirus: (1) hierarchical, (2) dismissive or fatalistic, (3) individualistic, and (4) egalitarian. Taking the 'shock period' (circa 2020–2021) as the primary window of analysis, the article schematises contrasting orientations that have since left their mark in a context of COVID-19 endemicity. In conclusion, a case is made for an explicitly egalitarian and anti-authoritarian stance amidst countervailing, even fascistic, tendencies. The possibility of another politics of life is underscored given the spectre of ongoing crises in a global context. • Pandemic responses do not occur in a social vacuum. • Sociological heuristics provide a handle on the polarising COVID-19 debacle. • Left-Right and Authoritarian-Libertarian tendencies patterned pandemic responses. • Societal responses to COVID-19 ranged from hierarchical to egalitarian. • A case is made for an anti-authoritarian and egalitarian stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer, with more than 2.31 million cases diagnosed worldwide in 2022. Cancer medicine subjects the body to invasive procedures in the hope of offering a chance of recovery. In the course of treatment, the body is pricked, burned, incised and amputated, sometimes shattering identity and often changing the way women perceive the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, incidence rates are steadily increasing and women are particularly young when they develop breast cancer. Despite this alarming situation, the scientific literature on breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa is poor and largely dominated by medical literature. Using a qualitative approach and a theoretical framework at the intersection of the sociology of gender and the sociology of the body, we explore the discourse strategies of women with breast cancer in Mali regarding their relationship to the body and to others. Based on 25 semi-directive interviews, we analyse the experiences of these women. Using the image of the Amazon woman, whose struggle has challenged gender because of its masculine attributes, we explore whether these women's fight against their breast cancer could be an opportunity to renegotiate gender relations. The experience of these women is characterised by the deconstruction of their bodies, pain and suffering. The masculinisation of their bodies and their inability to perform certain typically female functions in society (such as cooking or sexuality) challenges their female identity. The resistance observed through the sorority, discreet mobilisation and display of their bodies does not seem to be part of a renegotiation of gender relations, but it does play an active role in women's acceptance of the disease and their reconstruction. • The scars left on women's bodies reflect poor access to oncology care. • Breast cancer treatment causes body deconstruction, pain and suffering for women. • Sororities and discreet mobilisations are a kind of women's resistance. • Showing their scars helped women rebuild their identities. • Among women with breast cancer, continuity in gender relations was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-twentieth century, the social movement of death revivalism sought to resist the medicalisation of dying and grief through promotion of the dying person retaining autonomy, and societal openness toward death and bereavement. Despite this advocacy, present-day dying in high income countries is largely institutionalised, with value placed on control over the body and emotions. These phenomena are at odds with the ambitions of death revivalism, and demonstrate the re-medicalisation of dying and grief. Furthermore, contemporary society is continually advancing into the post-digital age, reflected in digital technologies being a tacit part of human existence. Within this framework, this study aims to investigate how people living with life-limiting illness and their loved ones experience, negotiate, and resist medicalisation of dying and grief through online internet forums. We collected posts through web-scraping and utilised Natural Language Processing techniques to select 7048 forum posts from 2003 to 2020, and initially categorise data, before utilising Inductive Thematic Analysis, which generated two major themes. The theme of 'Comfort' describes online forums facilitating psychosocial support which was often used to compensate for systemic deficiencies, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Common sources of comfort included animal companions and spirituality, in stark contrast with the medicalised model. The theme of 'Capability' describes online forums acting as solutions for people facing disempowering care systems, including providing information on legal rights and benefits which may not be otherwise easily available, and facilitating collective advocacy. Our findings indicate that community-led online forums can play an effective and sustainable role in democratising care and retaining agency when facing life-limiting illness and grief. Future palliative and bereavement care research must focus on how online forums can be integrated into existing systems, made transparent and accessible, be adequately funded and structured, and be optimised, including compensating for service disruption encountered during future pandemics. • Medicalisation can disempower and institutionalise dying and bereaved people. • The important value of digital technologies at the end-of-life must be considered. • Online forums can provide support and comfort for people facing dying or grief. • Dying and grieving people do not only value medical aspects of their experience. • Online forums can help people regain autonomy and challenge medicalised structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While medical sociology has long incorporated insights from pragmatist philosophy, recent contributions call for a more explicit engagement with this tradition. Complementing Greenhalgh and Engebretsen's (2022) call for a pragmatist analysis of public health policymaking and crisis, we systemize medical sociology's engagement with pragmatism. We suggest three precepts of pragmatist philosophy as they relate to medical sociology: First, a focus on consequences in action, or understanding medical phenomena through what is done rather than established definitions; Second, problem solving, or how medical actors move between habit and creativity; And third, negotiation of meaning, or analyzing patient-provider communication through ongoing action and interpretation. Such systematization, we argue, would enrich both new and existing topics in medical sociology, from medicalization to mask-wearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients who are suffering may be commonly encountered in health care. The growing use of telehealth implies that encounters with patients who are suffering may increasingly take place at a distance. "Distant suffering" is a concept coined within sociology to describe the suffering of far-away others. It is conceptualized as a paradox, as distance changes the relation between the witness of suffering and the suffering encountered. Impacts may include a potential detriment to the sufferer and ethical implications for the witness. To explore the concept of distant suffering and any relevance, implications, or important avenues for potential research within the healthcare sciences. Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis. Databases of Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched for the terms "distant suffering" or "mediated suffering". Attributes, surrogate or related terms, antecedents, consequences, and uses of the concept were extracted and synthesized. Thirty articles published within the past ten years were selected for review from the search results. "Distant suffering" was characterized as comprising 1) mediated far-away suffering, 2) a "recognizer" or witness, and 3) a potential role of a moderator. Antecedents include shared understandings and socially-influenced responses. Consequences include responses like empathy, compassion, pity, also indifference, cynicism and compassion fatigue. Further research to explore distant suffering from healthcare sciences' perspective could uncover valuable insights for those suffering, for healthcare workers, and any who are exposed to it. An improved understanding of how distant suffering is conveyed and moderated could enable targeted reduction of exposure or improve response to distant suffering. Such knowledge could help diminish negative consequences for those suffering, for healthcare workers who are caring at a distance for those suffering, or for others who encounter distant suffering in their occupations or in daily life via media, social media, or digital communications. New analysis finds that exposure to distant suffering may have important implications for health and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judgement and decision-making under uncertainty often rely on simplistic" rules of thumb", known as "heuristics". The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature focussed on heuristics and sport. This study employed a five-stage scoping review methodology. The databases searched were Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo. The search terms were sport*, heuristic* (and its synonyms: cognitive shortcut, shortcut, rule of thumb, mental rule, cognitive rule) plus cognitive bias. The search identified 2019 studies, of which 38 were included in the analysis. Studies based in USA and Germany were most common. The use of heuristics by players were most common, while football (soccer) and basketball were the most frequently researched sport contexts. Both males and females were commonly included in most studies, but there were no studies with an explicit focus on females. The research was contextualized within several academic disciplines (e.g., psychology, forecasting, JDM, organization behavior, sports marketing and sponsorship, coaching science, risk analysis and sociology). Approximately 80 % of the studies were quantitative. Sixteen studies examined the fast and frugal heuristics approach (i.e., take-the-first heuristic (n = 8), recognition heuristic (n = 7), or gut instinct (n = 1), whereas eleven articles embraced the heuristics and biases approach. Future research should pursue a greater variety of heuristics, investigate the use of heuristics by selectors and boards of directors, and how best to design, implement, and evaluate heuristic education programs. • Athletes we the most frequently studied decision-maker. • The research was contextualized within several academic disciplines. • Fast and frugal heuristics are the most frequently studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, trans medicine has increasingly shifted towards gender-affirming care, focusing on assisting transgender people in finding safe and effective ways to support their gender identity. Through standards of care, clinical guidelines, and classification systems, international experts have established global norms with profound downstream implications. However, how local providers respond to these new norms remains underexplored. Drawing on ethnographic work in clinical settings, conferences, and 30 in-depth interviews with healthcare providers, I argue that family-centered gender-affirming care has emerged in China as providers strive to balance global ideals of "good" trans medicine with the constraints of the local healthcare system. While international standards assist providers in adopting a less pathologizing and binary view of care, they provide limited practical guidance for navigating local social and institutional challenges. Faced with a lack of legal and institutional support, providers increasingly rely on family members' involvement to mitigate medical dispute risks. This reliance manifests in two forms: restrictive gatekeeping , where care is delayed or denied based on family members' attitudes and providers' assessment of transgender adults' ability to lead a "normal life," and affective gatekeeping , where providers use psychological support and gender diversity education to involve family members as caregivers. These findings enrich sociological studies in global health by illustrating how the interactions between global norms and local healthcare systems can both alleviate and reproduce barriers to care. • Global norms around gender-affirming care are adapted to align with China's local healthcare infrastructure. • Healthcare providers embrace a more inclusive, non-binary approach to trans medicine. • Social and institutional challenges undercut the practical implementation of global norms around gender-affirming care. • Family involvement in gender-affirming care reproduces medical gatekeeping and barriers to access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's population has begun to age rapidly in the past several years and this trend is predicted to continue. In the face of this growing older population, the existing number of aged care personnel, especially medical care professionals, can hardly meet the demand for aged care services. To develop geriatric nursing micro-credentials (MCs) for undergraduate nursing students based on standardized training objectives and to specify the learning goals and course modules that correspond to each specific MC. Modified Delphi study. An initial set of geriatric nursing MCs were developed based on the training objectives. Expert group discussion (n=13) reviewed the clarity and intelligibility of the statements' wording and supplemented the framework. A three-round Delphi survey (n=15) was then employed to obtain a consensus on the learning goals and course modules via an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The final geriatric nursing MCs consisted of six courses, namely fundamentals of geriatric nursing (8 modules), geriatric sociology (6 modules), geriatric clinical nursing (3 modules), geriatric psychological nursing (8 modules), geriatric rehabilitation nursing (8 modules) and geriatric hospice care (10 modules). Nursing faculty can use the geriatric nursing MCs developed in this study to train current undergraduate nursing students to become backups for current, fully credentialed geriatric caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth are impacted by violence across multiple contexts, where prior research on youth well-being has considered community violence as a general source of risk. However, previous research has omitted the experiences of exposure by youth that involve the co-occurrence of insecurity with multiple groups in the community, such as with the police and gangs. This cross-national study examines the experiences of security, insecurity, and violence of youth through an integrated framework consisting of Emotional Security Theory, prior exposure to community violence research, and a social ecological perspective. Focus groups were conducted with 14–22-year-olds (N = 48; 63% Males) in Newark, New Jersey, USA, and (N = 60; 61%, Females) in San Pedro Sula (SPS), Cortés, Honduras. Results show similar cross-national responses: youth expressed emotions of anger and anxiety in conditions of violence and insecurity; and sense of calm and happiness in conditions of safety. Differences in interactions between security and violence were found as a function of location. Results also indicate that youth are not only exposed to multiple forms of violence, but varying forms of violence also interact with one another. This qualitative study is the first phase of research on emotional security across four contexts of community violence: policing, gangs, family, and other neighborhood residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a 'Golden Age' of parasitology over the period 1875–1925 has been promoted. This is challenged on scientific grounds, the influence of colonialism, and the absence of informed consent for test-subjects. An alternative inclusive view of history is proposed based on themes of scientific, technological, and sociological advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability assessment of qualitative data has an important role in diverse areas such as sociology, quality engineering, healthcare, decision making, genetics, metrology in chemistry and many others. To test the homogeneity hypothesis, we use two main categorical factors. Using a cross-balanced design, we provide a decomposition theorem of the sample total-variation into 'intra' (within) component and 'inter' (between) component for any scale. Building on this, we provide a way for decomposing the 'inter' component itself into variation components contributed by the two factors and their interaction (when we consider more than one replicated test in the cross-design). Moreover, focusing on an ordinal scale, we offer segregation power indices for testing the significate effects of the two factors and their interaction. A two-way ORDANOVA calculator is provided to display the empirical distributions of the segregation power indices and to find critical points of the test statistics distributions at the given confidence level. Some examples are given to demonstrate the proposed method. • Ordinal random phenomenon variability is explained by two factors and interaction. • Decomposition of the total-variation by the two factors was introduced. • Two-way ORDANOVA model for testing the null (homogeneity) hypothesis was formulated. • A calculator tool was provided to test the two factors' and interaction's significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of library resources by Hebrew University of Jerusalem Sociology and Anthropology graduate students was assessed through an examination of bibliographic references cited in a sample of theses and dissertations accepted during the academic years 2010–2013. Five variables were identified and quantified: type of material (monographs, journals, or other), format (print, electronic or both), language of material (English, Hebrew, or other), year and “age” of publication, and availability of item in Hebrew University's library holdings. Results showed a larger percentage of citations to books than to journals, with predominant usage of books in print format and predominant usage of journals in print & electronic format, with English being the predominant language for all resources cited. The median age of cited material was 15 years, older for books than for journals. 95% of the journals and 82% of the books were available in the University library's holdings. These findings present a substantiated appraisal of the University Library's ability to answer the needs of its graduate students in the Sociology and Anthropology Department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social determinants of health influence child health behavior, development, and outcomes. This paper frames social capital, or the benefits that a child receives from social relationships, as a positive social determinant of health that helps children exposed to adversity achieve healthy outcomes across the life course. Children are uniquely dependent on their relationships with surrounding adults for material and nonmaterial resources. We identify and define three relevant aspects of social capital: 1) social support , which is embedded in a 2) social network , which is a structure through which 3) social cohesion can be observed. Social support is direct assistance available through social relationships and can be received indirectly through a caregiver or directly by a child. A child's social network describes the people in a child's life and the relationships between them. Social cohesion represents the strength of a group to which a child belongs (eg, family, community). Pediatric primary care practices play an important role in fostering social relationships between families, the health care system, and the community. Further research is needed to develop definitional and measurement rigor for social capital, to evaluate interventions (eg, peer health educators) that may improve health outcomes through social capital, and to broaden our understanding of how social relationships influence health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent introduction of polygenic risk scores within preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-P) has been met with many concerns. To get more insights into the perspectives of relevant stakeholders on the socio-ethical aspects of PGT-P, an interview study with 31 healthcare professionals involved in reproductive medicine and genetics in Europe and North-America was performed. Healthcare professionals in our study were concerned that PGT-P was going too far in terms of selection, with regards to both medical conditions and non-medical traits. Healthcare professionals were worried about the ethical 'slippery slope' of PGT-P, the increasing medicalization of reproductive health, the commercial context of PGT-P, and potential stigmatization and discrimination. There were also concerns that the availability and the 'technological imperative' of PGT-P could lead to pressure and a sense of responsibility for parents to use PGT-P. Additionally, it could cause new anxieties about the child's health before the child has even been born. Since PGT-P provides polygenic risk scores before birth, the autonomy of the child has to be considered. These socio-ethical concerns heighten existing debates regarding reproductive genetic technologies and show that the specifics of PGT-P make this screening option especially ethically controversial. • Introduction of polygenic risk scores in preimplantation genetic testing. • Healthcare professionals concerned about socio-ethical implications. • Associated with 'slippery slope', going too far, discrimination and stigmatization. • Increased sense of medicalization and commercialization of reproduction and health. • Worries about effects on prospective parents and on the future child's autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts often face credibility challenges during times of crisis. However, opioid use disorder (OUD) researchers preserved their scientific credibility despite the increasing public scrutiny of medical knowledge during the opioid epidemic. Building on 30 in-depth interviews with OUD researchers, this article examines how researchers conduct scientific research, collaborate with non-expert stakeholders, and communicate research outcomes to the public. It distinguishes between performative credibility – a discourse enacted through languages, meanings, and symbols in constructing the reality of credibility, and descriptive credibility – the description, perception, and measurements of credibility under a given credibility discourse. It argues that the crisis of expertise is situational – it depends on whether and how performative credibility is sustained. This article finds that OUD researchers enact at least three credibility discourses: professional, data-driven, and community-centered. While researchers can have multiple discourses in mind, their choices of enacting a specific credibility discourse when interacting with non-experts and the public are contingent upon their rankings in the profession, medical training backgrounds, forms of patient interactions, and access to OUD medications. This case recenters sociological studies of expertise and trust on the enacting power of experts' statements and actions. It also reveals the relevance of social locations in understanding the formation of the credibility crisis. Finally, it provides a conceptual framework for understanding public (mis)trust in science and medicine. • The crisis of expertise is situational. • Responses to credibility challenges are contingent upon experts' social locations. • The diversity of credibility discourses helps sustain public trust in science. • Epistemic contests among experts reduce the severity of public challenges. • The anticipation of science being politicized promotes public distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the situation of immigrant organizations during the European economic crisis. We set out to examine how, during a period of heightened economic insecurity, priorities among these multiples roles might shift when members find themselves in a particularly vulnerable situation. Data was collected in the form of 16 extended semi-structured interviews with group representatives throughout the Galician autonomous community in north-western Spain. Our data provide an empirically-based study that have led us to adapt Schrover and Vermeulen's (2005) classification of immigrant association approaches as either defensive (responding to social exclusion) or offensive (emphasizing differences with respect to the destination society), extending this scheme to include a third approach, which our data show to be a priority even under conditions of economic insecurity: claims for intercultural relations with receiving society members with the goal of increased social cohesion and mutual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To extend the relatively neglected line of cross-linguistic research on metadiscourse in research articles (hereafter RAs) in Chinese and English languages and cultures, this article, adopting the reflexive approach, investigated the use of metadiscourse in Chinese and English RA introductions and discussions. Based on manual discourse analysis of 60 Chinese and English RAs in sociology, it is found that more impersonal than personal metadiscourse was deployed and the distribution of the impersonal subcategories displays similarity in both Chinese and English introductions and discussions. However, English sociologists tend to include more metadiscourse as a whole, and the respective personal and impersonal metadiscourse, particularly personal metadiscourse and in the discussion section in their RAs, than their Chinese colleagues. Furthermore, the gap between impersonal and personal metadiscourse use was notably more salient in Chinese than in English in both sections. Linguistic features, sociocultural factors and rhetoric functions may be responsible for these differences. • 60 research aricles in Chinese and English were annotated and analysed. • More impersonal than personal metadiscourse units were found in both languages. • English outnumbered Chinese in metadiscourse use. • More marked cross-linguistic gap was identified in discussions than in introductions. • Taxonomy of reflexive metadiscourse units for scholarly writing in Chinese and English was set up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study advances a tri-dimensional model of multiculturalism that highlights the importance of perceived societal norms, i.e., the extent to which one's society is perceived as characterized by culturally diverse groups in contact with one another (Multicultural Contact, MC), a widespread appreciation of cultural diversity (Multicultural Ideology, MI), and multicultural policies and practices (MPP) to support and accommodate that diversity. A community sample of 143 Hispanics and 141 non-Hispanic Whites in the United States completed an online survey that examined perceptions of normative MC, MI and MPP as predictors of trust and national attachment, key indicators of social cohesion. The results indicated that MI, MC and MPP predict greater national attachment and that MI predicts greater trust; however, the positive effects of MI are limited to Hispanics and not found for Whites. The findings point to the conclusion that normative multiculturalism is more likely to foster than to threaten social cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent work suggests that the social component of anhedonia is more associated with suicide ideation than the other component of pleasure. The present study investigated the differential effects of state and trait social anhedonia on suicidal ideation across two undergraduate samples based on the Interpersonal Theory and Three-Step Theory of Suicide.Methods: State social anhedonia was assessed with a single item (Loss of Interest in People) extracted from the Beck Depression Inventory, while trait social anhedonia was assessed using the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale. Suicidal ideation was re-administered at a 3-month follow-up.Results: In Study 1, higher state social anhedonia was associated with greater levels of suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia moderated the relationship between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation. In Study 2, state social anhedonia was margin significant predictor of suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia moderated the relationship between psychological pain and suicidal ideation.Conclusions: These findings confirmed the presence of two different effects on suicidal ideation in state and trait social anhedonia: state social anhedonia directly was associated with suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia was indirectly related through their effects on other risk factors of suicidality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social scientists have paid increasing attention to health technology assessment (HTA). This paper provides an overview of existing social scientific literature on HTA, with a focus on sociology and political science and their subfields.Methods: Narrative review of key pieces in English.Results: Three broad themes recur in the emerging social science literature on HTA: the drivers of the establishment and concrete institutional designs of HTA bodies; the effects of institutionalized HTA on pricing and reimbursement systems and the broader society; and the social and political influences on HTA decisions.Conclusion: Social scientists bring a focus on institutions and social actors involved in HTA, using primarily small-N research designs and qualitative methods. They provide valuable critical perspectives on HTA, at times challenging its otherwise unquestioned assumptions. However, they often leave aside questions important to the HTA practitioner community, including the role of culture and values. Closer collaboration could be beneficial to tackle new relevant questions pertaining to HTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hopkins is a successful analyst of technological disasters, and an acclaimed storyteller. • This article argues that he also is a theory builder. • First, it identifies a white-collar crime accident model (WCC-AM) structing Hopkins' mindset in the 1970s & 1980s. • Second, the narrative structure behind Hopkins' storytelling success is deciphered. • Third, the article introduces the normative sociological model of safety developed by Hopkins over 40 years of research. In the past two decades, Andrew Hopkins has been a very successful analyst of technological disasters and an acclaimed storyteller. In this article, I argue that he is also a theorist, and that he has developed over 40 years a normative sociological model of safety for studying major events. To do so, I first situate his contribution through a historical perspective going back to the 1970s and 1980s, a time during which Hopkins established core elements of a research program on catastrophic events subsequently deployed in late the 1990s onwards. Initially inspired in the 1970s and 1980s by the crime of the powerful, white-collar crime literature and a Marxist socio-legal perspective of society, he developed what I define as a white-collar crime accident model (WCC-AM). He then moves in the 1990s and 2000s on to a more organisational and practical sociology of safety elaborated in his retrospective accounts of disasters. To ground this assertion, I explain how his storytelling success results from the invention of a specific narrative structure which is based on a repeated sequence of description (1), assumption (2), explanation (3), comparison (4), recommendation (5) and counterfactual reasoning (6), applied to many articulated topics. From there, I extract a normative sociological model of safety built over two decades, and then discuss some of the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presents interviews with senior managers motivations for attending to major risks. • Managers often claimed safety is a value. • Value judgments are complicated where financial and safety objectives are in tension. • Suggests a focus on structural approaches to cultivate safety behaviors. One way that safety is conceptualized in hazardous industries is as a value. Drawing on scholarship on corporate social responsibility and sociologies of emotional and moral labor, this article investigates how organizations cultivate values, and whether the promotion of safety as a value is a robust approach to major accident risk management. The findings are based on semi-structured interviews with 41 senior managers in oil and gas, mining, and chemical industries, who were asked about structural approaches to safety management through performance agreements and incentives, and the drivers of their safety behaviors. The research found that senior managers often claimed that safety behaviors were uniquely motivated by values or moral considerations, rather than structural interventions such as performance agreements and incentives. However, their reflections also revealed tensions that could arise between business and safety objectives, as well as work within organizations to structure values. I argue that the language of values clouds focus, shifting attention away from what organizations can do to manage their major risks. While structural interventions are only one part of the puzzle, given that risk decisions are not just value judgments, it is foolish to disregard the capacity for structures to guide the right behaviors and decisions, or the problems that will predictably arise where structural drivers are in conflict with the behaviors required for safe outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article's principal objective is to assess the state of theorising in Philippine sociology via the pages the Philippine Sociological Review (PSR). It reviews a portfolio of theoretical articles published by PSR over the span of seven decades (1955–2017). With PSR as the "interpretive canon," the review uncovers suggestive actualities regarding the nature and extent of sociological theorising in the country. The theorising praxis of Filipino sociologists is characterised by a duality of "undercurrents" indicative of actual and potential actions that are habitual in nature (inclinations) yet porous enough to accommodate adjustments (possibilities) epitomised by episodic calls to theorise. Their nexus, albeit imbued with tension and ambivalence, is construed as predictive of promising futures (trajectories) for the discipline in the country. The article concludes that the climate of sociological theorising in the Philippines is essentially synchronous in the global trend along such area of concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As systematic reviews become more common in the social sciences journal literature, it is important for social science librarians to be familiar with this methodology. Knowledge of characteristics of systematic reviews that have been published in the journal literature can help to inform librarians as they guide researchers to adopt good practices. This paper analyzes a collection of 164 systematic reviews gleaned from the International Bibliography of Social Sciences database for the period 2017 to 2019 from journals in the fields of anthropology, business and economics, communications, education, political science, psychology, social sciences (comprehensive), and sociology. The methodology of each review was checked to answer questions about reporting of keywords and search terms, reporting of inclusion/exclusion criteria, time period searched, external guidelines referenced, initial number of studies retrieved and number of studies included in the review, and number and names of databases searched. Details are provided for the individual subject categories, and the implications of these findings for social science librarians are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider chanting, or joint speech, which is ubiquitous, but not evenly distributed, in human activity. Taking an observational stance motivated by embodied cognitive science, we approach this topic without assumptions of the structure of persons, social formations, culture, or nature. This restrictive starting point motivates the use of a simple empirical definition of joint speech (the utterance by multiple persons of the same sounds at the same time) to allow us to induce four distinguished domains of assembly and communion among persons. These may be loosely indicated by the familiar terms of ritual, sports, protest and primary education. We use our empirical definition to induce these domains, and then consider how they might be regarded jointly. We are not aware of any social or psychological theory that would generate these four domains, and we suggest that our restricted mode of observation may be of use in the collective consideration of human patterning, without the common assumptions of cognitivism. • Chanting, or Joint Speech plays a central role in processes of assembly and communication in all social orders. • An unambiguous empirical definition, is used to induce four domains of assembly and communion. • Our observational stance is derived from embodied cognitive science, avoiding the assumptions of cognitivism. • We recognize commonality in activities apportioned to domains of ritual, protest, sports and primary education. • We then give consideration to the four domains together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on language teacher emotion has gained attention inspired by the "affective turn" since the 1990s, calling for a comprehensive understanding of the extant literature. The current study sought to trace the characteristics of existing empirical studies on language teacher emotion in terms of research foci, methods, and theoretical perspectives through a systematic literature review. Based on evidence from a corpus of 161 empirical studies on language teacher emotion published between 2005 and 2022, a descriptive and quantitative data analysis approach was adopted and a Language Teacher Emotion Model was constructed highlighting three dominant patterns in language teacher emotion research, namely the nature, antecedents, and effects of language teacher emotions. However, the research foci on language teacher emotion shows a notable imbalance. Specifically, the number of studies on language teachers' intrapersonal factors is much more substantial than that on language teachers' interpersonal factors. Results also revealed a dominance of qualitative methods in the existing language teacher emotion research, and interviews constituted a dominant tool of qualitative data collection. Although various theoretical perspectives under sociological and psychological perspectives were identified, emotion was rarely discussed through a linguistic perspective. This review helps depict the landscape and highlights the directions for future research. • A Language Teacher Emotion Model was constructed highlighting research patterns. • Intrapersonal factors of language teacher emotion were more frequently discussed. • A dominance of qualitative methods in language teacher emotion research was revealed. • Emotion was rarely discussed through a linguistic lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higher Education in Nursing requires providing students with skills such as critical and reflective thinking about the actions to be carried out so that they are capable of providing humanised and quality care in an increasingly complex and technified society. Participatory teaching methodologies promote the development of these skills. to explore the potential of photovoice, storytelling and poetry as instruments capable of encouraging reflection. To identify through images (photovoice) and poetic narratives (storytelling and poetry) the perception that students of the nursing degree express about nursing care. qualitative study in the framework of the socio-critical paradigm, using photovoice, storytelling and poetry in the field of care. first-year undergraduate nursing students at two Spanish universities in the academic year 2021–2022. 48 images were shown and students were asked to select one, write a narrative and generate a short poem connected to the image. Subsequently, a content analysis was conducted of those poems evoked by the five photographs most chosen by the students. The analysis was supported by qualitative data analysis software. A total of 67 contributions from 67 students were analysed. the concepts addressed in the poems and the compositions generated reveal how critical humanist thinking and reflection on the subject of care developed. The topics identified were care, accompaniment throughout the life cycle, working on the basis of values and caring for small details as subcategories of nursing care. The combination of different tools in university education has encouraged reflection and enabled students to identify for themselves the importance of humanised care. Working on the theoretical foundation in an active way can reduce the gap between theory and practice and foster the empowerment of the nursing identity. • Photovoice, storytelling and poetry help students express their perceptions of nursing care. • Students identify humanised care through reflective thinking. • The proactive consolidation of structural concepts fosters the nursing identity. • Working on theoretical concepts with active methodologies reduces the theory-practice gap. • Working on the concept of care actively empowers students in the development of their discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ethnographic fieldwork among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Tanzania, this article explores the various types of work that may go into enrolment into PrEP programming and using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP protects against HIV acquisition and is widely touted as an essential tool in 'ending AIDS by 2030'. While taking PrEP has often been portrayed as 'just taking a pill a day' in public health campaigns, a striking observation during fieldwork was that enrolling in PrEP programming and adhering to PrEP involved a wide range of tasks. Inspired by this fieldwork experience and the literature on sociology of work, more specifically illness work and patient work, we started to think of these tasks as work. This paper identifies the range of tasks that PrEP users in Dar es Salaam had to perform as part of their enrolment and usage of PrEP. We provide a description of these tasks, organised into three categories of work that we refer to as (a) readying work, (b) user work, and (c) social navigation work that jointly make up what we propose to call biomedical prevention work. We further suggest that this analytical framework can be applicable to other biomedical prevention methods in other contexts. • Describes what it may entail to use PrEP among key populations in Dar es Salaam • PrEP use among men who have sex with men and transgender women • We argue that PrEP users do 'work' to use PrEP as HIV prevention • Presents novel conceptual framework: Biomedical Prevention Work • Framework describes how people may take preventative care with biomedical technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• I discuss a rare instance of experimental research in the sociology of science. • Experimentation can be understood in 'representational' and 'generative' terms. • Critiques on Collins & Evans' Imitation Game program are framed in a 'representational register'. • The imitation game is more usefully understood as a 'generative experiment'. • This has implications for the knowledge produced by such experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States have established national screening programs in the effort to advance the early diagnosis of cancers. Australia has population screening programs for breast, bowel and cervical cancers, and this article focuses on breast and cervical cancer screening as the two longest running programs in Australia. While these screening programs are well-established and report relatively high participation rates, the effectiveness of population screening is a contested issue, subject to significant, ongoing debate about its purported benefits (Armstrong, 2019). In this article, we draw on ideas from sociology of science on the construction of scientific facts to analyse how evidentiary claims are presented in policy documents for Australia's breast and cervical cancer screening programs, and the implications for those who are the targets of screening. We explore how screening-related information assumes the status of scientific 'facts', and argue that presenting information as neutral and objective obscures the political choices involved in its generation. Importantly, some of the claims presented in the policy documents have a tendency to emphasise the benefits, and minimise the risks and harms of population-based screening. In doing so, we suggest that the current national policies may be contributing to sustaining expectations of screening that are higher than warranted. Higher expectations may bring with them unintended societal and economic costs to the public. We conclude by noting how deeply ingrained socio-cultural meanings of cancer shape public expectations of the protective value of screening, which allows current screening approaches to become further entrenched and resistant to challenge. • National cancer screening programs are justified on the basis of selective evidence. • Screening policy emphasises the benefits of interventions and downplays the risks. • Minimising the risks of screening sustains higher expectations than are warranted. • Screening is entrenched due to a risk management ethos and the fear of cancer. • Screening policy needs to better address the fragile balance of benefits and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do caregivers make decisions about participating in morally contested care, such as abortion? Debates about conscience in the delivery of health care generally assume that participation decisions stem from religious beliefs and moral values. Few studies have examined this question in the context of everyday practice. Drawing on 50 interviews with the staff of a labor and delivery unit offering abortion care—including nurses, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, obstetrics and gynecology residents, and anesthesiologists—we show that respondents have varied definitions of "participation" in abortion care and that participation decisions are driven by an array of factors beyond personal beliefs. We present a conceptual model of "moral work" that shows conscience to be an emerging, iterative process influenced not only by beliefs—religious and non-religious—but also by personal and work experiences and social and institutional contexts. Our study brings new insights into understanding conscience and participation in contested care. • Caregivers' experiences force us to rethink conscience and participation in abortion care. • Factors beyond religious and moral values shape abortion care participation decisions. • Caregivers have varied definitions of "participation" in abortion work. • Participation decisions are an iterative process of "moral work" in abortion care. • Religious beliefs can motivate the provision of abortion care, not just refusal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiology provides insights about causes of diseases and how to control them, and is powered by surveillance information. Animal health surveillance systems typically have been designed to meet high-level government informational needs, and any incentives for those who generate data (such as animal owners and animal health workers) to report surveillance information are sometimes outweighed by the negative consequences of reporting; underreporting is a serious constraint. This problem can persist even when modern advances in information and communications technology (ICT) are incorporated into the structure and operation of surveillance systems, although some problems typical of paper-based systems (including timeliness of reporting and response, accuracy of data entry, and level of detail recorded) are reduced. On occasions, however, additional problems including sustainability arise. We describe two examples of a philosophical approach and ICT platform for the development of powerful and sustainable health information systems that are people-centred and do not exhibit these typical problems. iSIKHNAS is Indonesia's integrated animal health information system, and PIISAC is a sustainable secure research platform based on full production data from participating commercial Chilean aquaculture companies. Epidemiologists working with these systems are faced with interesting new challenges, including the need to develop skills in extracting appropriate surveillance outcomes from large volumes of continually-streaming data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Sociability" is defined as the range of experiences linking the subject to others. This is the first study to focus specifically on the impact of head and neck cancer on the sociability of patients' partners. Data were collected via a dedicated questionnaire sent to patients' partners. The main endpoint was partner's self-assessment of the impact of the patient's disease on the partner's everyday life. The impact on sociability was analyzed with respect to: the circle of friends (friendship environment), unknown environment, known outside environment, necessary environment, and solitary activities. Two hundred and seventy partners responded. Their everyday activities were impacted by the patient's disease in 71.5% of cases. The friendship environment was badly affected in 46.4% of cases. The unknown environment was affected in 44.0% of cases. Social practices related to the known outside environment were affected in 67.8% of cases, and the necessary environment in 26.0%; the number of solitary activities increased in 35.6% of cases. Social impact on patients' partners was thus considerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Community structure reveals useful information in domains of sociology, biology, physics and computer science. In this work, an overlapping community detection algorithm for large-scale networks based on local expansion is proposed, in which we present a novel seeding method. And we optimize conductance of communities by: (1) modifying inaccurate community affiliations by node movements; (2) combining densely overlapping communities with a novel combining function; (3) finding communities for the outliers with our proposed theorem. Experimental results in synthetic networks show that the optimization largely enhance the community accuracy. Experimental results in large real-world networks show that our approach is superior to the others in the state of the art. Highlights • We present a fast and accurate overlapping community detection algorithm. • We present a seeding method, which selects disjoint clusters as seeds. • We refine communities by node movements in nearly linear time. • We propose a novel and precise community combining strategy. • We propose a strategy that can select communities for outliers efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhood plays an important role in the provision of elderly care in the context of rapid population aging and dwindling traditional family support in China. This study investigates the association between neighborhood characteristics and depression and its mechanisms among older adults in Shanghai, focusing on social cohesion and social engagement. Based on data from the first wave of Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey (SUNS), we show that social cohesion is a channel through which neighborhood attributes are linked with the elderly's subjective well-being. Different from findings in Western societies, Chinese older adults living in neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to interact with their neighbors and thus perceive a higher level of social cohesion. Social cohesion, in turn, is associated with a lower rate of depression. We argue that housing policy in the pre-reform period that integrated work and housing led to the formation of unique Chinese neighborhoods, and that those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods have strong social ties, which moderate the negative consequences of living in a disadvantaged one. Moreover, a neighborhood with a lower dependency ratio provides more opportunities for volunteer participation which significantly associates with increased social cohesion and decreased depressive symptoms. • Social cohesion is a mechanism of neighborhood effect on depression. • The elderly in poorer neighborhoods are more likely to interact with neighbors. • The elderly in poorer neighborhoods perceive a higher level of social cohesion. • Social cohesion is associated with decreased depression among the Shanghai elderly. • Social cohesion mediates the relationship between social engagement and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Paper focuses on Holocaust restitution claims against Swiss banks. • Map justifications that each provides and value they assert for their projects. • Across geographic settings, justifications map on to politics of compassion and pity. • Economies of worth can underwrite ethical responses to honor the past. How do political cultures shape claims of worth? This paper focuses on Holocaust restitution claims against Swiss banks. We study nearly one hundred proposals that were submitted by organizations worldwide, regarding how to allocate funds where individual restitution or compensation was not possible. Relying on the sociology of conventions, we map the justifications that each provides and the value they assert for their projects. Through multiple correspondence analysis and bipartite network graphs, we find that across geographic settings, justifications map on to the politics of compassion and pity. Proposals relating to survivors emphasize an industrial economy and legal language, whereas proposals to rebuild community rely on an inspired economy to underwrite their value. Reliance on law, in turn, is also contingent on the historical paths of political cultures. We conclude that the role of law in justification is limited to situations that are oriented to private redress rather than national memory or community building efforts. Our analysis advances the empirical study of ethical pluralism and the study of valuation, by demonstrating how projects are justified through moral values across political cultures and axiological registers, and how economies of worth can underwrite ethical responses to honor the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]