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From Plato to contemporary educators of Learning Sciences today, the aim of hard work is to reveal the nature of learning, how man learns, and how it could be perfected. As a result, different learning theories were created with cumulative effects of society, politics, and scientific developments. This paper outlines the crossroad of the conceptualizations of these learning theories and their social, political, and scientific contexts. The study was designed as a phenomenological study through which PhD students' conceptualizations of learning theories were aimed to be understood. The reflection papers they wrote on seven learning theories (Behaviorism, Connectionism, Operant Conditioning, Affective Learning, Social Learning Theory, and Constructivism) were analyzed through a contrapuntal lens to understand the sociology of learning theories. The reflection papers as a data source reflected the close ties of learning theories and their social, political, and scientific background. Students discussed each learning theory with their original concepts and timely backgrounds. The data obtained from student reflection papers outlined how learning theories are conceptualized within their own social, political, and scientific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of smart elderly industry is an inevitable way to cope with the aging of the population. This research takes the smart elderly care service supply chain as the object, combines the social emotional choice theory for the first time, and uses the time perception to refine the elderly care demand into future-orientation demand and present-orientation demand. This paper analyzes the coordination effect of suppliers' efforts to meet the needs of the elderly under the two conditions of no contract and benefit-sharing contract on the dual-channel supply chain of smart elderly care services. The results show that the benefit-sharing contract is more conducive to maximizing the profit of the supply chain, and the segmentation of elderly demand is conducive to giving full play to the advantages of dual-channel differentiated services, which is conducive to forming a win-win situation of improving the service efficiency of the smart elderly service supply chain and increasing the happiness index of elderly users. The main contributions of this paper are: Using geriatric behavioral psychology to analyze the motivation of the elderly and designing the service effort level index considering the needs of the elderly. Match online and offline channels with personalized services to give full play to the "smart" effect. Based on the game method of Hotelling and Stackelberg, the coordination and optimization of the smart elderly care services dual-channel supply chain, considering the needs of the elderly are realized. This is of great research significance for maximizing the benefits of the smart elderly service supply chain and promoting the development of the smart elderly industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese intellectuals started to engage in Buddhist psychology in the early 20th century, a time when Western culture was greatly influencing the country. Taixu criticized Western psychology and proposed his Buddhist psychology. He proposed a tripartite psychology based on Buddhist doctrine: psychology on affection (qing 情); psychology on reflection (xiang 想); and psychology on wisdom (zhi 智). Perceiving Western psychology as lacking in both theoretical depth and breadth, he specifically criticized behaviorism. He integrated the interpretation of "sense faculties" (indriya) from the Śūraṅgama Sūtra, thereby reconstructing an Ideal Behavioral Science, a philosophical system that centers on behavior and encompasses all aspects of life. This paper argues that Taixu's critique of Western psychology and his construction of Buddhist psychology responded to the ideological trends of his era. In Taixu's conceptual system, Buddhist psychology was part of his theory on "Buddhism for human life" (rensheng fojiao 人生佛教), serving not only to explain the psychological state of human but also to guide cultivation and lead people to enlightenment, bearing practical significance. Taixu's study of worldly knowledge, including psychology, attempts to comprehensively construct a modern Buddhist system that integrates Buddhist Dharma and secular learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology advances, conceptualizations of effective strategies for teaching and learning shift. Due in part to their facilitation of unique affordances for learning, mobile devices, augmented reality, and games are all becoming more prominent elements in learning environments. In this work, we examine mobile augmented reality serious games (MARSGs) as the intersection of these technology-based experiences and to what effect their combination can yield even greater learning outcomes. We present a PRISMA review of 23 papers (from 610) spanning the entire literature timeline from 2002–2023. Among these works, there is wide variability in the realized application of game elements and pedagogical theories underpinning the game experience. For an educational tool to be effective, it must be designed to facilitate learning while anchored by pedagogical theory. Given that most MARSG developers are not pedagogical experts, this review further provides design considerations regarding which game elements might proffer the best of three major pedagogical theories for modern learning (cognitive constructivism, social constructivism, and behaviorism) based on existing applications. We will also briefly touch on radical constructivism and the instructional elements embedded within MARSGs. Lastly, this work offers a synthesis of current MARSG findings and extended future directions for MARSG development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A T-spherical uncertain linguistic set (TSULS) is not only an expanded form of the T-spherical fuzzy set and the uncertain linguistic set but can also integrate the quantitative judging ideas and qualitative assessing information of decision-makers. For the description of complex and uncertain assessment data, TSULS is a powerful tool for the precise description and reliable processing of information data. However, the existing multi-attribute border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method has not been studied in TSULS. Thus, the goal of this paper is to extend and improve the MABAC method to tackle group decision-making problems with completely unknown weight information in the TSUL context. First, the cross-entropy measure and the interactive operation laws for the TSUL numbers are defined, respectively. Then, the two interactive aggregation operators for TSUL numbers are developed, namely T-spherical uncertain linguistic interactive weighted averaging and T-spherical uncertain linguistic interactive weighted geometric operators. Their effective properties and some special cases are also investigated. Subsequently, a new TSULMAGDM model considering the DM's behavioral preference and psychology is built by integrating the interactive aggregation operators, the cross-entropy measure, prospect theory, and the MABAC method. To explore the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed model, an illustrative example of Sustainable Waste Clothing Recycling Partner selection is presented, and the results show that the optimal solution is h3. Finally, the reliable, valid, and generalized nature of the method is further verified through sensitivity analysis and comparative studies with existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interference of technology in education requires the development of new theories of learning. The paper analyzes connectivism as the most important representative of the theories related to the "digital age." From the point of view of the environment, called a remote experiment, learning occurs initially at the individual level, encompassing all three classic theories of learning: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. It shows that the virtual environment has introduced a powerful lever of imbalance for the real environment. This is how we arrived at the explanation of learning theories in real-virtual environments through the theory of chaos or complex environments. Like any knowledge storage network with nodes between which connections can be made, even the remote experiment is subject to random laws. The addition of knowledge is not simply the sum of the effects produced by each individual node (the system is not linear). A distinction is made between information and knowledge. Even if the information in the nodes can be read, this aspect does not represent learning. The remote experiment not only expanded the realm of knowledge but also emphasized the critical role of time. The time remained constant, while the amount of information increased. The teacher, as a knowledge synthesizer, can help orient the student to this vast amount of information, especially when time is limited. Additionally, the student can also play an active role in organizing and systematizing the information. Two examples of experiments are given, which, being inter- and transdisciplinary, can contribute to the introduction of the elements of non-linearity and unpredictability as a method of designing the educational environment, precisely to be able to transform it into a thinking system suitable for the mixture between real and virtual environments in which we live more and more intensely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous improvement of Internet technology and digitalization, mass media has increasingly become an important channel for health behavior communication. This paper analyzes the current situation and interrelationship of psychological capital, psychological disorders, and health behaviors from the perspective of behavioral psychology, and optimizes public health behaviors by adopting the Knowing, Believing, and Acting model, the Health Belief Model, and the Health Behavior Transformation Stage model. The model of the mediating effect of mass media on health behavior was constructed through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, validation factor analysis, validity scale validity and internal consistency reliability test. The final results of the model analysis showed that individuals' self-disclosure behaviors in social media were positively related to individuals' perceived behavioral control (β = 0.083, P < 0.001) and attitude (β = 0.177, P < 0.001). And the path coefficients of each dimension with the influence of mental health behavior were 0.873, 0.933, 0.815, and 0.735, respectively, with positive psychology having the greatest influence on their health behavior. This paper uses mass media strategies that promote the optimization of public health behaviors to effectively allow more Chinese people to say goodbye to bad habits and move toward a new healthy life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodent behavioral analysis is a major specialization in experimental psychology and behavioral neuroscience. Rodents display a wide range of species-specific behaviors, not only in their natural habitats but also under behavioral testing in controlled laboratory conditions. Detecting and categorizing these different kinds of behavior in a consistent way is a challenging task. Observing and analyzing rodent behaviors manually limits the reproducibility and replicability of the analyses due to potentially low inter-rater reliability. The advancement and accessibility of object tracking and pose estimation technologies led to several open-source artificial intelligence (AI) tools that utilize various algorithms for rodent behavioral analysis. These software provide high consistency compared to manual methods, and offer more flexibility than commercial systems by allowing custom-purpose modifications for specific research needs. Open-source software reviewed in this paper offer automated or semi-automated methods for detecting and categorizing rodent behaviors by using hand-coded heuristics, machine learning, or neural networks. The underlying algorithms show key differences in their internal dynamics, interfaces, user-friendliness, and the variety of their outputs. This work reviews the algorithms, capability, functionality, features and software properties of open-source behavioral analysis tools, and discusses how this emergent technology facilitates behavioral quantification in rodent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Livestreaming, as a relatively new online marketing model, has generated numerous business opportunities for e-commerce and social commerce. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what degree livestreaming content impacts online users' cognitive and emotional reactions and whether their cognitive and emotional responses affect their purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: Through the lens of regulatory focus theory (RFT) and stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theory, the authors empirically examine the influencing mechanisms of livestreaming on online consumers' purchase intentions. Structural equation models are used to analyze the relationships in the proposed research model. Findings: The results of this study show that information-task fit positively affects consumers' perceived usefulness of livestreaming. Both visual effects and sociability positively affect consumers' perceived value and social presence. Furthermore, perceived usefulness and perceived joy positively affect consumers' purchase intentions in a livestreaming environment. This study's results also demonstrate that the regulatory focus of consumers has a moderating effect on the influence of their perceived joy on shopping intentions. Originality/value: This study contributes to the relevant literature by simultaneously examining the role of e-commerce platform characteristics and online consumer psychology in influencing behavioral intention. With a better understanding of their role, platform operators and sellers can refine their livestreaming marketing tools and strategies. Highlighting the interplays among external stimuli, user reactions and user motivational styles, this study contributes to mobile e-commerce literature and the broader literature on digital marketing and human–computer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the empiricist program from early debates between nativism and behaviorism within philosophy, through debates about early connectionist approaches within the cognitive sciences, and up to their recent iterations within the domain of deep learning. We demonstrate how current debates on the nature of cognition via deep network architecture echo some of the core issues from the Chomsky/Quine debate and investigate the strength of support offered by these various lines of research to the empiricist standpoint. Referencing literature from both computer science and philosophy, we conclude that the current state of deep learning does not offer strong encouragement to the empiricist side despite some arguments to the contrary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a systematic documentary review for the development of a frame of reference on the psychological factors of university students in relation to the pre-pandemic quality of life. Psychological factors are understood as psychological well-being and present the development of individual capabilities and human growth from self-acceptance, autonomy, positive relationships, life purpose and personal growth, which reflect attitudes and values of people, which are directly related to their quality of life. Likewise, it is evident in the literature that the stage of university life is framed by biopsychosocial changes that establish it as a period of attention for mature development and is considered as a transition for the later stages of the human life cycle. In this sense, from an ecological theory perspective, the environment in which people relate has a direct influence on their formative development (Bronfenbrenner, 1987), since the levels of environment in which they are immersed determine positive or negative behavior, affecting their social and cultural conditions (Shelton, 2019). Therefore, changes in behavior are associated with some risk factors that can affect the health and quality of life of university students. The methodological approach used is focused on a descriptive qualitative study, through a systematic documentary review by the PRISMA methodology (Khan et al., 2003 y Moher et al., 2009) with the main characteristics, trends and particularities existing in the literature on psychological factors in young university students. For the systematic review of this work, we chose to use the five stages called: Search, Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Interpretation. The Search procedure was initiated from the categories of psychological factors related to the quality of life in university students and from the search equations. As a source of information, papers published in the databases of RedALyC, Scopus, Elsevier, EBSCO, Springer Link, Medline and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection during the period between January 2015 and first half of the year 2020 were used. For the Identification stage, inclusion and exclusion criteria were elaborated considering articles published in scientific journals of psychology and health in the period covered. In the Screening stage, they found a total of 41 950 papers in 82 journals registered in the databases. The following were eliminated: 28 125 papers outside the selection period, 1 457 duplicate studies, and 11 733 articles from other disciplines. Therefore, in the Eligibility stage, 635 papers were selected for the reading of the title and summary; of these, 263 documents were chosen for the reading of the complete texts and, a total of 29 papers were left in the last stage of Interpretation for the study and analysis of the results. The results show the prevalence of quantitative studies, as well as the current interest for the moment of the life cycle of adolescence-youth in one of its developmental contexts: the university; and the psychological factors added to the contextual aspects involved in the emergence and approach of problems such as anxiety, suicidal ideation and depression. Likewise, the effect of these aspects on the perception of quality of life and psychological well-being is evident. Similarly, the concept of lifestyles emerges as a variable that acts as a product and condition in the development of students at this stage of the life cycle. Finally, categories such as emotional intelligence, resilience, and coping are shown to be inputs to formulate proposals that can favor the development of adolescents and young people. In conclusion, it is necessary to carry out more studies on psychological factors and the problems associated with them, as a reflection of the quality of life from the perspective of promoting the health of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper does not claim to be a novel contribution to any field. It simply opposes claims by philosophers of consciousness-I take Daniel Dennett as an example (though no more than that) that non-conscious robot-like neurons (Dennett's phrase) can, taken together, add up to an explanation of (even the illusion of) consciousness. To this I oppose G. H. Mead's so-called social behaviorism. My argument, such as it is, proceeds in well-defined stages: 1. I first introduce the history of anti-reductionism among philosophers, including those of the analytical persuasion, especially among North American philosophers; 2. the 'new archaeology' of hominid prehistory is then introduced to show how some eminent archeologists oppose the reductionist view that large brains-deduced from finds of larger and larger skulls-constitute the best explanation we have for the advent of Homo sapiens; 3. the heart of my paper is then a reference to-not a proper summary of-Terence Deacon's masterful book, The Symbolic Species: The Co- Evolution of Language and the Brain-where the idea of co-evolution of human communication and brain development (along with other physiological traits such as a proper voice box) is put forward as a better-as co-evolutionary-explanation of human symbolic behavior than the standard ones (including Dennett's); 4. I then make equally brief summaries of confirming evidence of such co-evolution; 5. this is followed by similar summaries of the alleged science of historical linguistics-none of it explaining the beginning, but only the development of human languages in non-reductionist terms; 6. I then introduce Berger and Luckmann's Social Construction of Reality to make a central claim: that even reductionist science-whether genetic reductionism or brain-studies-based reductionism-is and must be socially constructed; and 7. I conclude with a preference for a Meadian (similar to a Deweyan) social responsibility activism. One note relative to item number 1: I make no claim here to discuss Merleau-Ponty or any other well-known anti-reductionist; this is in answer to one referee of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the information spread tendency can help products recommendation and public opinion management. The existing information cascade prediction models are devoted to extract the chronological features from diffusion sequences but treat the diffusion sources as ordinary users. Diffusion source, the first user in the information cascade, can indicate the latent topic and diffusion pattern of an information item to mine user potential common interests, which facilitates information cascade prediction. In this paper, for modelling the abundant implicit semantics of diffusion sources in information cascade prediction, we propose a Diffusion Source latent Semantics-Fused cascade prediction framework, named DSSF. Specifically, we firstly apply diffusion sources embedding to model the special role of the source users. To learn the latent interaction between users and diffusion sources, we proposed a co-attention-based fusion gate which fuses the diffusion sources' latent semantics with user embedding. To address the challenge that the distribution of diffusion sources is long-tailed, we develop an adversarial training framework to transfer the semantics knowledge from head to tail sources. Finally, we conduct experiments on real-world datasets, and the results show that modelling the diffusion sources can significantly improve the prediction performance. Besides, this improvement is limited for the cascades from tail sources, and the adversarial framework can help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to outline the changes occurred within the philosophical analysis of language as a result of adopting the holistic perspective of meaning. These transformations are obvious as Donald Davidson’s papers are taken into account, ever since the “Truth and Meaning” (1967), where he sketches a theory of meaning which appears under the paradoxical form of a theory of truth. But the grounds of this semantic program are even older, this being developed under the combined influence of Quine’s holistic thesis and Tarski’s truth theory. Using Quine’s intuitions, Davidson develops the so-called “radical interpretation” theory, which is introduced as a radical reconstruction of Quine’s semantic holism, lacking the concept of “meaning” and also the epistemological behaviorism approach. The “radical interpretation” contributes to freeing language theory from the burden of ontological decision and, at the same time, to transcending the dualism of “conceptual schema” and “empirical content” - which is in fact the third and the last dogma of empirism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhood regeneration has become essential component of environmental improvement, and promoting resident participation is a key aspect of effective environmental management. However, in China, the legacy of the former housing allocation system and specific cultural contexts have led to residents' psychological inertia towards participating in neighborhood regeneration. Although there has been extensive research on encouraging resident participation, most studies fail to recognize that cultivating active participation behavior among residents usually requires overcoming their existing reluctance or psychological inertia first. Grounded on the innovative notion of psychological inertia, this paper puts forth the perspective that to foster resident participation, it is imperative to initially disrupt their current participation inertia and subsequently facilitate the reconfiguration of their participation behavior. Specifically, it addresses two key research questions: (i) which factors are conducive to stimulating residents to overcome inherent psychological inertia and stimulate their positive participation attitudes? (ii) How do these stimuli shape and reconstruct residents' participation behavior? Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory and structural equation modeling (SEM), this paper unveils the mask of intrinsic mechanism for overcoming psychological inertia and reshaping residents' participation behavior. The empirical results show that three stimulating factors (information acquisition, social norms, and perceived grassroots government support) directly impact residents' participating attitudes; these stimuli reconstruct participation behavior by triggering individual psychological changes and then inducing behavioral changes. With the new insight of "overcoming psychological inertia" and the incorporation of behavioral psychology in restructuring resident participation behavior, this paper presents implementation strategies for promoting resident participation in neighborhood regeneration. [Display omitted] • Overcoming psychological inertia is a prerequisite for active resident participation. • Identified three stimuli for fostering resident participation by overcoming inertia. • The research reveals how stimuli shape residents' participation behavior using SEM. • Incorporated behavioral psychology in restructuring resident participation behavior. • Provided practical strategies and theoretical support for resident participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defines 'grammatical competence,' 'sociolinguistic competence,' 'discourse competence,' and 'strategic competence.' The various stages of 'communicative competence' and 'strategic competence' are explained based on psychological teaching-learning theories such as 'Behaviourism,' 'Cognitivism,' 'Constructivism,' and 'Social Constructivism.' It points out that 'strategic competence' is based on one's basic 'communicative competence.' It explains the 'strategic competences' that are embedded in Polonius's advice to Laertes and Ophelia in Hamlet. It does not fail to point out human efforts to master 'strategic competence' from the time of antiquity without mastering 'communicative competence,' that is needed to accomplish it. In this context, the paper insists on the point that reading of Shakespearean plays will play a pivotal role in transforming the 'communicative competence' of the students into 'strategic competence.'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies conditions influencing the generosity of wealthy people. We conduct incentivized experiments with individuals who have at least €1 million in their bank account. The results show that millionaires are more generous toward low-income individuals in a giving situation when the other participant has no power, than in a strategic setting, where the other participant can punish unfair behavior. Moreover, the level of giving by millionaires is higher than in any other previous study. Our findings have important implications for charities and financial institutions that deal with wealthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological Psychology is an embodied, situated, and non-representational approach pioneered by J. J. Gibson and E. J. Gibson. This theory aims to offer a third way beyond cognitivism and behaviorism for understanding cognition. The theory started with the rejection of the premise of the poverty of the stimulus, the physicalist conception of the stimulus, and the passive character of the perceiver of mainstream theories of perception. On the contrary, the main principles of ecological psychology are the continuity of perception and action, the organism-environment system as unit of analysis, the study of affordances as the objects of perception, combined with an emphasis on perceptual learning and development. In this paper, first, we analyze the philosophical and psychological influences of ecological psychology: pragmatism, behaviorism, phenomenology, and Gestalt psychology. Second, we summarize the main concepts of the approach and their historical development following the academic biographies of the proponents. Finally, we highlight the most significant developments of this psychological tradition. We conclude that ecological psychology is one of the most innovative approaches in the psychological field, as it is reflected in its current influence in the contemporary embodied and situated cognitive sciences, where the notion of affordance and the work of E. J. Gibson and J. J. Gibson is considered as a historical antecedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recently, perfobond connectors for steel-concrete composite structures have received extensive research attention due to their excellent bonding and fatigue performance, and the construction convenience. However, the research on the long-term behavior of perfobond connectors was seldom reported. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on perfobond connectors, including twenty short-term specimens and six long-term specimens. Parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the hole diameter in the connector, the number of the holes, the thickness of the connector, the concrete strength as well as the diameter of the transverse rebar on the shear performance of perfobond connectors. For the short-term test series, the failure modes of the connector, the load-slip response, the ultimate shear bearing capacity and the load-strain curves of transverse rebar were studied. For the long-term test series, the transverse rebar strain, the relative slip between the steel beam and the concrete slab and the stress around the holes with duration of loading were discussed. The shear performance of perfobond connectors after long-term loading was also investigated. Finally, based on the test data from both this paper and open literature, a model was proposed to predict the shear bearing capacity of perfobond connectors. Highlights • Short-term and long-term tests were performed on perfobond connectors. • Influence of the parameters on the shear performance of connectors were discussed. • Long-term behavior of perfobond connectors was investigated. • A model for shear capacity of perfobond connectors is proposed and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a reply to Eric Charles and Nick Thompson's critique of my 2017 paper, "Methodological behaviorism, causal chains, and causal forks." My paper challenged the behaviorist thesis that postulating inner causes of outward behavior is pointless if the goal is to predict and explain behavior. I used the example of a literal blackbox (a box with a button on one side and two lights on the other) to develop my argument. In the present paper, I clarify my argument and discuss related issues concerning Ockham's razor and operationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) belongs to the analysis of behavior techniques introduced by the theorists of behaviorism in psychological fields. It deals with the application of behaviorism principles to guide the learning process. It can serve as a footprint to build artificial tutoring systems in environments for specific learning processes. In this paper, we delineate the pathway to build an artificial tutoring system following ABA footprints, named the ABA tutor. In implementing the ABA tutor, the techniques of ABA are reproduced. This paper also describes how to build a tutor based on ABA and how to use it to favor olfactory learning. In more detail, the ABA tutor is inserted in SNIFF, a system that combines a software and a hardware side to assess and practice the sense of smell exploiting gamification. A first experiment was run involving 90 participants, and the results indicated that the artificial tutoring system based on ABA principles can effectively promote olfactory learning. The implications of this approach are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand response (DR) has received great concern since the significant growth in electricity consumption and peak-valley difference were witnessed recently. Based on the theory of customer psychology, an uncertainty model of customer behaviour is proposed. By converting electric power to deposit points, a novel deposit mechanism is designed in this paper, which can better deal with the special situations in China. Compared with traditional mechanism, the proposed deposit mechanism is capable of improving acceptability of DR methods in China and achieving greater mobilization of customer motivation for its more understandable rules and higher participation compensations. Furthermore, a decision strategy considering benefits of both the power company and the subscribed customers is proposed based on the uncertainty model of customer behaviour and the proposed deposit mechanism, which aims at achieving win-win situations and greater mobilization of customer motivation. The uncertainties in decision strategy are quantified by the uniform design sampling (UDS) method which is more efficient and computationally accurate than traditional Monte Carlo simulation. With the electricity data of Nanjing City, China, the superiority of proposed deposit mechanism and decision strategy are verified by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functionalist theory of mind proposes to analyze mental states in terms of internal states of Turing machine, and states of the machine’s tape and head. In the paper, I perform a formal analysis of this approach. I define the concepts of behavioral equivalence of Turing ma- chines, and of behavioral individuation of internal states. I prove a theorem saying that for every Turing machine T there exists a Turing machine T′ which is behaviorally equivalent to T, and all of whose internal states of T′ can be behaviorally individuated. Finally, I discuss some applications of this theorem to computational theories of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental aspects of contemporary Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are linked to ancient philosophies like Stoicism and Buddhism and have evolved through three generational "waves" that can be traced to the early development of behaviorism. These "waves" are often referred to as Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindful Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT). As the second wave transitioned into the third wave, prominent theorists rebranded principles and practices that were central to traditional CBT. This has generated confusion and miscommunication among researchers, therapists, and the public, which has hampered progress toward the widespread practice of effective, evidence-based treatment. Because no single branded theory is flexible enough to apply to the broad range of clients a typical practitioner serves, many psychotherapists resort to an "eclectic" approach. While combining elements from different protocols can be effective, this approach sacrifices the structure provided by the CBT theoretical paradigm and therefore lacks the integrity of evidence-based practice. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an organizing framework called the Trans-Theoretical Model for Mindful Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TM-MCBT). This model provides three crucial benefits: 1) a flexible and scientifically-grounded structure within which psychotherapists can choose the most relevant evidence-based interventions for their clients; 2) clarity to researchers as they attempt to establish what is happening, when it is happening, and how often; and 3) a common lexicon that enables providers, their clients, researchers, and the general public to continue to integrate the collective wisdom of the ages within contemporary evidence-based practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of instinct theory—the core of Thorstein Veblen's evolutionary methodology—waned with the rise of behavioral psychology in the 1920s, and resurges with the revival of evolutionary psychology in the 1980s. This study reexamines Charles Darwin's theories of natural and sexual selection within Veblen's theory. By tracing the origin of emulation, this study explores the human struggle for existence at both inter-species and individual levels, enhancing our understanding of Veblen's theory as rooted in Darwinism and reinterpreted within Geoffrey Hodgson's concept of emergence. Differing from Clarence Ayres' dichotomy, analysis resituates Veblen's instinct theory within contemporary evolutionary psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dual-factor models of mental health propose that mental health includes two interrelated yet distinct dimensions – psychopathology and well-being. However, there is no systematization of the evidence following these models. This review aims to address the following research question: what evidence exists using dual-factor models? Method: The current systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines on the following databases: Web-of-science, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ERIC, and MEDLINE. The screening process resulted in 85 manuscripts that tested the assumptions of dual-factor models. Results: Evidence revealed psychometric substantiation on the two-dimensionality of the dual-factor model, and 85% of the manuscripts provided evidence related to classifying participants into different mental health groups. Most studies showed that the Complete Mental Health or Positive Mental Health group is the most prevalent status group, and longitudinal evidence suggests that most participants (around 50%-64%) remain in the same group across time. Regarding the factors associated with mental health status groups, studies reviewed in this manuscript focus mainly on school-related outcomes, followed by supportive relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, psychological assets, individual attributes, physical health, and stressful events. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of considering the two dimensions of mental health when conceptualizing, operationalizing, and measuring mental health. Fostering mental health must go beyond reducing symptoms, and practitioners would be able to include well-being-related interventions in their regular practice to improve individuals' mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a learning theory is key when designing simulation-based learning linked to allied health professional placements to ensure the purposeful selection of educational methods and to understand how it may assist learners in achieving desired learning outcomes. A narrative review was undertaken to identify the learning theories reported in simulation-based learning linked to allied health professional placements and how the learning outcomes aligned with the reported theories. Only eight of the 25 reviewed studies explicitly reported a learning theory, with minimal attempt to link them to the learning experience. Educators are encouraged to develop an understanding of the breadth and depth of learning theories and how they can best align these with the desired learning outcomes to allow the best fit for purpose. As a result, the authors have developed a practical guide to assist educators in designing simulation-based learning to better understand how learning theories could be incorporated and the anticipated outcomes that could be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper analyzes critically four selected learning theories and their role in online instruction for adults.Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted to analyze the theories.Findings The theory comparison revealed that no single theory encompasses the entirety of online instruction for adult learning; each theory explains some portion of adult online learning; theories are contextual; and components of all theories can be utilized to improve online learning.Research limitations/implications Adult learning theories and their roles in shaping online learning and instruction deserve more attention. The study of adult learning theories, combined with in-depth analysis of psychological and human resource literature, will enable researchers to delve deeper into the subject. More qualitative studies are needed to explore further how instructors’ ability to utilize theoretical principles can improve online learning.Practical implications This manuscript offers practical advice to instructors and other practitioners for utilizing adult learning theories for instructional enhancement.Originality/value This literature review uniquely contributes to filling the gap in human resource development literature by examining selected adult learning theories, comparing them and extending the theories’ applicability and value in online instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies on the detection of mobile malware have focused mainly on static analyses performed to examine the code-structure signature of viruses, rather than the dynamic behavioral aspects. By contrast, the unidentified behavior of new mobile viruses using the self-modification, polymorphic, and mutation techniques for variants have largely been ignored. The problem of precision regarding malware variant detection has become one of the key concerns in mobile security. Accordingly, the present study proposed a threat risk analysis model for mobile viruses, using a heuristic approach incorporating both malware behavior analysis and code analysis to generate a virus behavior ontology associated with the Protégé platform. The proposed model can not only explicitly identify an attack profile in accordance with structural signature of mobile viruses, but also overcome the uncertainty regarding the probability of an attack being successful. This model is able to achieve this by extending frequent episode rules to investigate the attack profile of a given malware, using specific event sequences associated with the sandbox technique for mobile applications (apps) and hosts. For probabilistic analysis, defense evaluation metrics for each node were used to simulate the results of an attack. The simulations focused specifically on the attack profile of a botnet to assess the threat risk. The validity of the proposed approach was demonstrated numerically by using two malware cyber-attack examples. Overall, the results presented in this paper prove that the proposed scheme offers an effective countermeasure, evaluated using a set of security metrics, for mitigating network threats by considering the interaction between the attack profiles and defense needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian society is linguistically diverse. There are multiple languages that are spoken in India. Small children have the capacity to learn language at a faster rate as compared to the adult. Language acquisition occurring in a particular context and differing environment are bound to influence the way language is learned and used by the young children. The children who are born and growing up in a linguistically diverse country like India are bound to have a different experience than those who encounter only one language. All these conditions will eventually have a profound impact on the social, linguistic and cognitive development of children. The present study has been focused on 12 Korean children who are growing up in Indian multilingual society. Through this paper an attempt has been made to highlight that how the children acquire language and what are the rate of the acquisition of phonetic sounds of the languages that they are exposed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been an increase in people with disabilities who require continuous care, which often falls to informal carers (ICs). Stroke is one of the conditions where ICs are most needed. Therefore, it is necessary for ICs to improve their caregiving skills and self-care capacity. Telehealth (TH) can facilitate them. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effects of interventions on ICs of stroke patients. Methods: The search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINALH, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and APA PsycInfo. Key search terms included "stroke", "informal caregiver" and "telemedicine". Only randomised clinical trials were included. Results: A total of 2031 articles were found in the databases, 476 were screened and 19 clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. Different TH programmes have evaluated many outcomes related to physical and emotional health. The TH tools included phone, videophone, web-based interventions, and social media. The most investigated outcome was depression; although contradictory results were found, the TH may have helped to prevent an increase in depressive symptoms. There were inconsistent results on the caregiving burden and the preparedness of the IC. However, TH has positive effects on the health of the ICs, reducing the number of unhealthy days, anxiety, task difficulty perception, and improving psychological health. Conclusions: TH may be a useful tool to improve the abilities and health of ICs of SS. No adverse effects have been reported. More quality studies evaluating the effects of telemedicine on the ICs of stroke survivors, as well as the most appropriate doses, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty years after Feagin's pioneering 1972 study, we present a systematic review of the measurement of attributions for poverty and economic inequality. We conducted a search for articles published from 1972 to 2023 in APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsycInfo, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests, and Google Scholar. We used the following English keywords: "poor", "poverty", "inequality", "attribution", and "attributions" and their equivalents in Spanish. Applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria led to a final sample of 74 articles. We report three main findings. First, the majority of studies classify attributions on the dimensions of individualistic vs. structural. Second, there is a clear tendency to measure attributions for domestic poverty without considering supranational factors or poverty as a global challenge. Third, studies focus almost exclusively on poverty rather than (economic) inequality. We identify potential for future development within the literature, namely, from a domestic to a global perspective, from locus to controllability, and from poverty to inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A probable list of causes for the limited acceptance of behaviorism in our society is identified. This is followed by a summary review of the proposed solutions identified in other papers in this special issue of The Behavior Analyst, most of which relate to either better marketing of either the behavior analytic process or the results achieved as a consequence. One paper proposes a more broad conception of behavior analysis. This paper endorses the solutions identified in previous papers and then goes on to propose an even more broad conception of behavior analysis and makes the point that behavior analysis is unlikely to flourish unless behavior analysts understand a good deal more about the cultural and other contextual features of the environments in which they work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central aim of this paper will be to consider the role assigned to the body in contemporary discussions about emotions. I will particularly examine the metaphor of the emotions in the theater of the body, presented by A. Damásio, with the purpose of raising doubts about two dominant models of embodiment of emotions --an externalist or behaviorist and an internal or neurobiological --which remain trapped in several difficulties. So I will reject the general concept of body these models are committed with, and I will suggest an alternative understanding of emotions along the line of a bodily and motor phenomenon. To do that, I will deepen the analysis of the relationship between movement and emotion by considering it under the theoretical framework provided by the Phenomenology of Body developed by M. Merleau-Ponty and his followers. Thus, my alternative proposal will be to take emotions as a bodily performance which can provide us a way to avoid both the dualist and the reductionist standpoint commonly held on emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the factors contributing to the emergence of leadership in a group, and we explore the relationship between the role of the leader and the behavioural capabilities of other individuals. We use a simulation technique where a group of foraging robots must coordinate to choose between two identical food zones in order to forage collectively. Behavioural and quantitative analysis indicate that a form of leadership emerges, and that groups with a leader are more effective than groups without. Moreover, we show that the most skilled individuals in a group tend to be the ones that assume a leadership role, supporting biological findings. Further analysis reveals the emergence of different “styles” of leadership (active and passive). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to address unsafe behaviors of construction workers have predominantly focused on identifying causative factors, unraveling formation mechanisms, and devising pre-emptive control strategies. Nonetheless, these studies have inadequately examined the reasons behind workers' engagement in unsafe behavior from a behavioral psychology perspective, specifically the collision reaction between impulsivity and self-control in the decision-making process, as well as the lack of exploration of psychological processes and behavioral response mechanisms of workers under different management strategies on construction sites. This paper describes an explanatory closed-loop structured model to simulate the safety performance of workers' behavior under different intervention strategies, considering the behavioral decision process and interactions between workers and managerial environment. The hybrid simulation model for worker's unsafe behavior consists of three parts: the control panel, the proactive management panel, and the reactive panel. The model provides valuable information for explaining the causation of workers' unsafe behaviors and finding efficient management strategies. Through simulation experiments, results show that proactive management has more advantages in maintaining workers' behavioral safety levels over a long period of time than reactive management. This research provides valuable information for policy analysis and decision-making for project managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the barriers to and facilitators of cancer screening programs among Indigenous populations remains limited. In the spirit of mutual respect, this co-led, collaborative project was carried out between the Métis Nation of Alberta and Screening Programs from Alberta Health Services (AHS). This scoping review assessed the cancer screening literature for available questionnaires and then identified themes and suitable questions for a Métis-specific cancer screening questionnaire. Literature searches on cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening programs and related concepts were conducted in electronic databases, including the Native Health Database, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ebsco), Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Web of Science. Grey literature was collected from AHS Insite, Open Archives Initiative repository, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology, Google, and Google Scholar. 135 articles were screened based on the eligibility criteria with 114 articles selected, including 14 Indigenous-specific ones. Knowledge, attitude, belief, behaviour, barrier, and facilitator themes emerged from the review, but no Métis-specific cancer screening instruments were found. Thus, one was developed using existing cancer screening instruments, with additional questions created by the project team. A survey of the Métis population in Alberta will use this questionnaire and provide data to address the burden of cancer among Métis people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of climate change mitigation calls for a profound shift in personal behavior. This paper investigates psycho-social correlates of extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, while also testing for potential (unobserved) heterogeneity in European citizens' decision-making. A person's extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change is conceptualized—and differentiated from common mitigation behavior—as some people's broader and greater levels of behavioral engagement (compared to others) across specific self-reported mitigation actions and behavioral domains. Regression analyses highlight the importance of environmental psychographics (i.e., attitudes, motivations, and knowledge about climate change) and socio-demographics (especially country-level variables) in understanding extra mitigation behavior. By looking at the data through the lens of segmentation, significant heterogeneity is uncovered in the associations of attitudes and knowledge about climate change—but not in motivational or socio-demographic links—with extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, across two groups of environmentally active respondents. The study has implications for promoting more ambitious behavioral responses to climate change, both at the individual level and across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Spatial constraint systems are algebraic structures from concurrent constraint programming to specify spatial and epistemic behavior in multi-agent systems. In this paper spatial constraint systems are used to give an abstract characterization of the notion of normality in modal logic and to derive right inverse/reverse operators for modal languages. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of right inverses is identified and the abstract notion of normality is shown to correspond to the preservation of finite suprema. Furthermore, a taxonomy of normal right inverses is provided, identifying the greatest normal right inverse as well as the complete family of minimal right inverses. These results are applied to existing modal languages such as the weakest normal modal logic, Hennessy–Milner logic, and linear-time temporal logic. Some implications of these results are also discussed in the context of modal concepts such as bisimilarity and inconsistency invariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Editorial: Computer vision and human behaviour to recognize emotions," explores the intersection of computer vision and human behavior in recognizing emotions. The authors discuss the potential of computer vision to automate tasks related to understanding emotions and human behavior. The article includes studies that compare facial emotion recognition systems, investigate emotion recognition by humans and machines, and explore facial emotion recognition in virtual reality environments. The authors emphasize the importance of responsible development and deployment of emotion recognition systems to ensure reliability, fairness, and privacy. [Extracted from the article]

Business Communication is one of the crucial courses which is introduced in the curricula of MBA (Master of Business Administration) programme in all Indian professional colleges. It is specifically aimed to enhance the learner's communicative abilities that are critical for successful professional career. In the wake of changing paradigms in Business Communication domain, effective teaching-learning strategies have become decisive to ensure qualitative standards. Hence, the current paper is a vigorous discussion on two significant theories and their relevance to the Business English classroom in the 21st century. It undergoes a study of the application, utility and relevance of the themes in Business Communication classrooms in the professional colleges under Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Ananthapur and Sri Venkateswara University etc. in Andhra Pradesh. Further, the comparisons and limitations of the above-mentioned theories have also been examined in the context of Business Communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the conceptual basis of the theories: Behaviorism, Gestalt, Cognitive Psychology, and the Historic-Cultural Psychology. The essential categories of these theories were validated in a population of 2704 courses at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT (USA). The research seeks the relationship of theories with course design and student learning process supported by ICTs. The results for a sample of 629 open courseware analyzed gives the conclusion that the concepts of the theory of Piaget are the most influential in the process of eLearing of students in a 49.92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the Maxwell–Klein–Gordon equations in R 3 + 1 admit global solutions with finite energy data. In this paper, we present a new approach to study the asymptotic behavior of these global solutions. We show the quantitative energy flux decay of the solutions with data merely bounded in some weighted energy space. We also establish an integrated local energy decay and a hierarchy of r -weighted energy decay. The results in particular hold in the presence of large total charge. This is the first result to give a complete and precise description of the global behavior of large nonlinear charged scalar fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]