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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing mental health and the dimensions that contribute to its improvement in the general population has been a topic of special interest. This interest has been less in relation to people in situations of homelessness. This paper analyses the role of social support and social relationships in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the homeless people in the Community of Madrid. The research follows a mixed methodology (questionnaire survey; n=641 and semi-structured in-depth interview; n=18). The results show the high psychological deterioration, the low levels of social support and the relational precariousness of the homeless people. Isolation and deterioration are structured by residential situation, origin, age, and gender. Furthermore, it is found that, as the levels of social support increase, the probability of psychological deterioration decreases. Similarly, after the pandemic, worsening relationships with children are associated with poorer levels of mental health. These findings confirm that relational aspects are key elements in improving the psychological wellbeing of homeless people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to social and cultural geographies of the COVID-19 pandemic through an exploration of the role of UK street art in documenting the remarkable shifts in the practice of wearing facemasks, the tensions and emotions involved, and the transformations in the meaning of facemasks during the pandemic. Street art has become an important outlet for political critique and social engagement, capturing the public mood in response to policies and recommendations attempting to stem viral transmission, including the requirement to wear facemasks in some public places. Drawing primarily on image analysis of street artworks produced during 2020 and sourced using online search tools, and qualitative interviews with UK street artists in 2020 and 2021, the paper first explores the changing geographies and politics of street art during the pandemic. It then examines the ways in which street art portrays mask-wearing simultaneously as reassuring, protective and fear-inducing, and reflects the meaning of masks in relation to protecting public health, managing anxieties concerning health risks, boosting morale, and symbolising solidarity and public spiritedness. The paper argues that pandemic street art contributes to public dialogue by articulating emotion and deeply held concerns, and communicating the intimate politics, semiotic meanings and social properties of objects associated with disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights how the pandemic caused by COVID-19 constitutes one of the many global risks faced by our societies, one of those risks that have arrived to stay. That, therefore, demands a response out of a state of exceptionality. The paper also warns of the risks and insecurity for fundamental rights posed by the delay in the time of exceptional measures, and advocates regulation by organic law of health emergency situations --the current one or those that we may experience in the future--. The question of how we assess the risks and what responses we regulate in advance to face them constitutes today an imperative for the defense of fundamental rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO, hereafter) reported the first case of a new respiratory infection, in the city of Wuhan.This study focuses on how political communication 2.0 has contributed to prevent and protect citizens, during early stages the COVID-19 crisis, in a comparative perspective between USA and Spain. Specifically, the paper focuses during the first 90 days of 2020 (from January 1 to March 31), in the latency phases - oriented to preparedness and prevention- and of crisis outbreak. Methodology: The paper analyzes the content of the messages through the Twitter accounts of Donald Trump -@realdonaldtrump-, the White House -@ WhiteHouse-, and the CDC - @cdcgov; and Pedro Sánchez -@sanchezcastejon-, the Ministry of Health -@sanidadgob-, and the account of the Moncloa -@desdelamoncloa-. By conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: the findings show a divergent communication strategy. While the Spanish actors followed closely the guidelines of health crisis communication; in the US, only the official accounts of @WhiteHouse y @cdcgov followed those guidelines, while in President Trump´s account, it is observed a politicized communication strategy rejecting messages from public health sources. Conclusions: Political communication is an essential element in a major crisis not only for good governance and management but also for the preparation and awareness of a citizenry. This study shows that the official institutional communication strategy was appropriate in both countries and that it helped to face an unprecedented major health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced acne is a manifestation associated with the long-term use of certain medications, including glucocorticoids and B-complex vitamins. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, management with these medications has increased for treatment and disease prevention. Typical lesions usually include monomorphic lesions such asinflammatory papules or papule-pustules, not associated with comedonic lesions. CLINICAL CASES: This paper reports the case of 12 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, who were treated with glucocorticoids and/or B complex vitamins who presented acneiform eruptions secondary to treatment. The mean age of these patients was 31 years; 7 patients were women, 7 received only systemic corticosteroids, 4 B-complex and one patient received B-complex and systemic corticosteroids. Papulopustular, papular, papulonodular and comedonic lesions were described, classified according to their severity as mild, moderate and severe.CONCLUSIONS: The indiscriminate use of B-complex vitamins and corticosteroids as treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 disease can cause well-known side effects such as acneiform reactions. It is important to be informed about the indications for their use because, although these can be part of the treatment, their use is not justified in all cases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion which, although universally present in contemporary societies, has tended to be invisible. This lack of visibility has once again been highlighted by the measures put in place to tackle COVID-19. Although since the onset of the health emergency there have been various research studies that have examined the impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish population, few proposals have been devoted to analysing the specific impact of the pandemic on homeless people. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to analyse the experiences of homeless people during the confinement and pandemic, delving into the specific impact that the COVID-19 crisis has had on the reality of these citizens. The research is based on a mixed methodological design using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured in-depth interview. On the one hand, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 641 homeless people. On the other hand, 18 homeless people participated in the interviews. The results confirm that the place where they were confined is fundamental to understanding the experiences of the participants. Furthermore, it is noted that the negative experiences of homeless people were a consequence of the measures put in place to cope with the pandemic and prevent contagion, especially those related to the closure of services where their basic needs were met. This is especially significant considering the transformations that the responses to the health emergency have imposed on some dimensions of their lives. The results also allow us to conclude that pre-existing social inequalities have played a significant role in the impact of the pandemic on citizens, with particularly severe consequences for people affected by extreme social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, there was an increase in psychological distress: depressive symptoms (up to 48.3%), psychological distress (38%), post-traumatic stress disorder (53.8%), sleep disorders (67%), and anxiety symptoms (50.9%). On the contrary, social anxiety disorder (SAD) seems to have shown peculiar characteristics in response to quarantine. In fact, those who suffer from SAD appear to have perceived no symptomatic variation compared to the period preceding the pandemic or even reported an improvement in their symptoms. Some studies, cited in this paper, highlight how, probably because of social distancing and quarantine policies, people with pre-pandemic social anxiety disorder found themselves in a more favourable condition due to the fact that daily routines and social contacts were reduced, allowing them to camouflage the need for avoidance and perceive a consequent easing of anxiety symptoms because of decreased social interactions. The aim of this work is to highlight concern for a worsening of symptoms at the end of the pandemic when these people will have to return to facing their daily life thus intensifying social relationships. Consequently, it is important to draw attention to both old and new patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If there is one thing we can be sure about the COVID-19 pandemic, it is that it caused an irruption of such magnitude throughout the world that the resonances of the multiple and varied changes it generated have yet to be seen. In relation to communication processes, the demand for information in real time increased and the media took center stage, especially in an initial period when the possibilities of intersubjective contrasts between people were diminished by the confinements. But this was not a constant: as the pandemic spread over time, it lost its novelty character and went from center stage to backdrop in media coverage. This research describes the thematic shifts and the predominant frames that La Nación, Clarín (in its digital versions) and Infobae deployed in their coverage of the pandemic between 2020 and 2022. Framed in the contributions of the agenda setting and framing theories, this paper starts with a quantitative content analysis and compares four specific time frames (April 2020, October 2020, May 2021 and January 2022), chosen for having represented significant peaks in the development of the pandemic in national health terms. The analysis shows that the concentration of the health issue, as well as the prominence of the variables that make up the morality and human interest frames were diluted over time, making the frames in the coverage of the issue less compact and more dispersed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a landslide of publications, from different sources and unequal impact. We considered that the first 3 months are crucial to understand how knowledge has been generated by performing a bibliometric analysis, including the citations to these articles to guide researchers in exploring this field, and to evaluate the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths with the number of papers per country. Methods: Scientific publications were obtained from PubMed (January-March 2020) and their citations during the first 6 months retrieved from the Scopus database. An analysis of the number of papers by country, approach (type and category of publication), and impact was made. A multiple linear regression model was implemented to analyze the correlation between the number of publications and confirmed cases and deaths. Results: A total of 2,530 publications were analyzed with 59,104 citations (23.4 citations/article), written by authors from 67 countries. China was the country with more publications (988, 39%) and more citations (36,416, 63%) followed by the United States with 423 articles (16.7%) and 7,458 citations (12.6%). The coauthorship network identified 10,756 authors. According to the multivariate analysis, both confirmed cases and deaths were significantly correlated with the number of publications per country (corrected by population size and gross domestic product). Conclusion: The correlation with the number of publications suggests that cases and deaths had some impact on the medical literature, reflecting how rapidly the scientific community has been on the frontline in the fight against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Research on vaccines, and their later application to society, created the necessity of communication strategies, taking also into account the fake-news propaganda. All these with the sole purpose of keeping the population informed about the treatments against COVID-19. This leads to the reaction of the academic community, which has investigated and explained how these phenomena are developing. Objectives: To analyze the reaction of communication research areas on this inoculation matter based on the increasing of paper publications and citations in indexed journals on the Web of Science (WoS). Methodology: Quantitative analysis of the number of publications and citations on the vaccine topic by using the topic category Communication on WoS. It has been studied for the last 12 years and three months (January 2010 to March 2022), by comparing the state-of-the-art of this area earlier and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: It is corroborated that in the years 2020, 2021 and the first trimester of 2022 the number of publications and citations about vaccines in communication journals has experienced exponential growth approximately. Conclusions: The academic community that published in indexed journal on the communication category have reacted to the appearance of vaccines and the communication phenomena related to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze trauma during the pandemic through the concepts of discourse and fantasy by using the bibliographic research method. First, it discusses the widening of the generalized transference regarding the medical discourse during the pandemic. Second, it examines the role of fantasy in shaping the catastrophic event of the Covid-19 pandemic as a psychic trauma. Third, it analyzes the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic favorable to the emergence of trauma. It finally points out the presence of generalized abandonment in the pandemic, a context favorable to the eruption of trauma, which will only be triggered if the pandemic catastrophe conflicts with the meanings of the subject's fantasy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze how Brazil and Portugal, countries with historical relations, positioned themselves to face the pandemic of the coronavirus in the educational context. Comparing the strategies adopted by the two countries, we seek to answer the following question: were the strategies adopted by the Brazilian educational managers efficient to face the moment of crisis? Could another path have been taken? To carry out this analysis, a bibliographical survey was adopted, detailing the actions implemented by the two countries to face the greatest educational challenge of the 21st century. The results of the analysis show that Brazil, in a mistaken way, bet only on Emergency Remote Learning, since there was no adequate infrastructure to do so, which harmed millions of students in the country. Portugal mixed formats and got better results, which led to very visible consequences, such as a shorter time of closure of the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the international EduCovid19 project that seeks to describe teachers' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their practices, as well as those of their students. In this context, this text focuses on making comparisons of teachers' perceptions on different variables and projecting their consequences on their teaching careers. A sample (N=541) of Chilean and Peruvian teachers of all educational levels participated in the study through a virtual structured questionnaire. The results show inequalities in the teaching practices of both countries based on significant differences linked to gender inequality, socioeconomic gaps, and the academic degree of the educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a fact that communication strategies in politics involve taking advantage of digital media and, more specifically, of social media, giving rise to politics 2.0. This paper analyses the communication that a sample of presidents of autonomous regions in Spain made on Twitter during the State of Alarm. Based on the methodology of content analysis, 1840 of their own tweets were analysed in order to determine what type of content they generated regarding the development of the health crisis, analysing how they said it and what topics they touched on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on how Kardecist Spiritists have faced the difficulties of the Covid-19 pandemic. For this, a comparison had realized between spiritists and no-spiritists (primarily catholic and gospel) during the second semester of 2020, involving 157 responders. The no-spiritists served as the control group. Thus, the statistical analyses (descriptive and inferential) were used only in the two groups, with no split in the second. The google-form was used to apply the questionaries. Among the main conclusions are that the spiritists have faced the pandemic with more religious support, doing more social solidarity activities, and feeling themselves sharing with the Creator the difficulties they faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in the last few years Colombia has faced significant civil society mobilization, 2021 represented critical juncture in social mobilization that was the result of three converging crises. The COVID-19 pandemic, a health crisis, triggered an economic crisis that exacerbated existing social and economic inequalities. Together they aggravated a pre-existing governability crisis. Unions and other actors convened a national strike on April 28 and the violent police response ignited the protest. The strike lasted almost two months and framed the legislative and presidential elections in 2022. This paper analyzes these events, their effects, and the perspectives for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we intend to provide visibility to students’ experiences of lockdown and draw attention to the impact of the digital world. We used an approach in which this phenomenon is taken as a total social fact that is mirrored, theoretically and methodologically, by the most recent contributions of Digital Sociology. This paper shows part of the results of an exploratory study that focuses on the digital experience of 43 young first year undergraduate students of Católica Porto Business School. These students reflected, while writing biographical narratives, on their experiences during the first wave of the Covid-19 outbreak, which forced a period of lockdwn. The data collected allowed us, on one hand, to understand the role played by social networks during a period of imposed physical isolation during which face-to-face contacts were discouraged and, on the other hand, what was a unique experience, worldwide in scope, of the implementation of distance learning. Results show that these students, born in a generation which emerged in the internet era and which, to that extent, have a strong relationship with the digital world, had in the social networks an ally against isolation and physical remoteness. Results also reveal that these students have come to associate these media with feelings of discomfort and exhaustion. At the same time, the imposition of distance learning without any kind of preparation on the part of schools, teachers and students had consequences that were predicted to be disastrous. However, the dissatisfaction of these students with this form of teaching is practically generalised, not only due to the lack of preparation of schools, but also to the difficulties of adjustment of teachers, in an environment in which students felt more susceptible to distraction mechanisms and in which they admitted it was more difficult to maintain concentration during classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, several activities had to be readapted in an attempt to curb the transmission of the new coronavirus. For that reason, federal public universities started to carry out restriction measures regarding people gathering in their campuses, predominantly by adopting remote work, which resulted in a reduction of the current electricity expenses in their campuses. The main objective of this paper is to compare the expenses with electricity in Brazilian federal universities, in order to evaluate the variation that occurred between the year of 2019, prepandemic, and the year of 2020, when a large part of the on-site activities in these institutions were suspended. The collection of data referring to electrical expenses involved collection on the FalaBR and Portal da Transparência platforms and direct request to the institutions by sending a form produced by the authors. For comparative analysis between the years, the rank test with Wilcoxon signs was carried out between the expenses of the years 2019 and 2020. The results showed a significant reduction in electrical expenses in the year 2020 compared to 2019 so that it was possible to find a large effect size between these differences (z = -6.242, p < 0.001; r = -0.81). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a fact that communication strategies in politics involve taking advantage of digital media and, more specifically, of social media, giving rise to politics 2.0. This paper analyses the communication that a sample of presidents of autonomous regions in Spain made on Twitter during the State of Alarm. Based on the meth)odology of content analysis, 1840 of their own tweets were analysed in order to determine what type of content they generated regarding the development of the health crisis, analysing how they said it and what topics they touched on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an invitation to consider Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Question as a text that leads the reader to consider the possibilities offered by the post-Covid 19 resumption of daily school life with children as a political act. Based on a conversation that Freire had with Antônio Faundez in 1985, this text encourages researchers and educators to consider ways of returning to school life in ways that are welcoming, responsive and loving in the wake of the experience of "almost-exile" undergone during the covid-19 pandemic. It becomes necessary to think school life again from where the children truly are, restarting in full awareness of the adventures, the pains, the losses they have undergone, encouraging them to ask the questions that the pandemic experience has produced them, and to recognize the new forms of consciousness it has inaugurated. This paper explores the implications of the ideas found in the Freire-Faundez dialogue for this moment of reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides insights into the mental health consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Central, Eastern, Nordic, Southern, and Western subregions of Europe, represented by five member countries of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS). On the basis of the existing national research and experiences in these countries, we propose five lessons learned. (1) There is no evidence of a mental health pandemic so far in the countries in focus. No increase in severe mental disorders but some increase in the symptoms of common mental health disorders are observable. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to understand the mental health burden of the pandemic. (2) The pandemic affects countries (including the mental health situation) differently, depending on the level of the exposure, management policies, pre-pandemic structural characteristics, and healthcare resources. (3) The pandemic affects people differently: the exposure severity to pandemic-related stressors differs between individuals, as well as individual resources to cope with these stressors. There are winners and losers as well as identifiable at-risk groups that need particular attention. (4) Besides the negative consequences, the pandemic has had a positive impact. The rapidly applied innovations within the system of healthcare responses provide a window of opportunity for positive changes in mental healthcare policies, strategies, and practices. The increased focus on mental health during the pandemic may contribute to the prioritization of mental health issues at policy-making and organizational levels and may reduce stigma. (5) A stress- and trauma-informed response to COVID-19 is required. The European community of psychotraumatologists under the leadership of ESTSS plays an important role in promoting stress- and trauma-informed healthcare and policies of pandemic management. Based on the lessons learned, we propose a stepped-care public mental health model for the prevention of adverse mental health outcomes during pandemics. Population mental health is affected differently in the COVID-19 pandemic: there are winners and losers, as well as identifiable at-risk groups that need particular attention. A stress- and trauma-informed public mental health stepped-care model can address pandemic-related mental health burden in a systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic has impacted the ways in which people interact. Which impacts the pandemic might have brought about in regards to child custody and contacts arrangements? Through a thematic analysis, this qualitative and exploratory study investigated how 119 separated parents perceived this impact. Results address the impacts of the pandemic on child custody and contacts arrangements, especially regarding coparental communication. They also outline that the separated parents' ability to adapt themselves to the pandemic restrictions, and their consequences. This ability was very linked to pre-existing coparental dynamics. Also, this paper discusses how the main impacts (i.e., maintaining contacts and caring for children) seemed to impact mothers more than fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation on the strategies of higher education teachers to adopt academic activities to virtuality in times of pandemic. An exploratory study was conducted, conducted interviews with university professors from South American countries in order to learn about the different realities. The results suggest that the strategies in the different countries were similar, but in Brazil there was a great distinction between public and private institutions. Most of the teachers moved their classes for remote activities, being that they perceive that the difficulties of connection and access to digital technologies is an intervening factor for the continuity of classes and the attention to students. It is also concluded that students are more collaborative and tend to maintain or increase relationships with other students to overcome the barriers and difficulties imposed by social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic that arrived in 2020 has affected the entire media landscape and corporate communication. This research has analysed the main topics on the front pages of the three Spanish economic newspapers during 2020: Expansión, Cinco Días and El Economista. The evaluation of the main front page topics has made it possible to quantify the extent to which the pandemic has displaced the coverage devoted to corporate communications in organizations. In addition, it has been possible to observe which organizations have successfully spreading their messages and which specific issues have been most related to the pandemic. The results obtained show that the health crisis has absorbed the main topics of the front pages of the economic newspapers, leaving only half of the coverage available for other topics. Within this phenomenon of absorption, the effects on employment had the greatest prominence with a 10% presence in all the headlines analysed. The coverage on unemployment is especially important if it is related to the tourism sector, which was the industry with the highest presence on the front pages (36.6% of all topics categorized as COVID-19). The significant presence of both topics indirectly points to the important weight of tourism in the Spanish economy. However, it is not possible to state that all related topics were negative because there was also coverage focused on economic recovery (4.4%). On the other hand, in the space not occupied by the pandemic, it was observed that the coverage of the Caixabank - Bankia merger was the most important in comparison with the coverage of the rest of the organizations. This business initiative achieved 2.65% of frontpage topics since the pandemic began, in a scenario that was very limited. In general, mergers and acquisitions were the most important topic in 2020, as the second most covered specific topic was the failed merger between Banc Sabadell and BBVA. Telefonica was also among the companies with the most front-page coverage, although with a greater diversity of topics. The rest of the companies analysed also showed a wide variety of corporate topics as dividend management, cash flow movements and business diversification. It was also noted that the coverage achieved on the front pages maintained a business focus and wasn't a vehicle for disseminating CSR efforts related to the pandemic. This is a very significant result because much recent literature has argued that during the pandemic, CSR has played an important role in the communication strategies of organizations. However, it seems that these actions have not been enough important to get a prominent position on the front page of Spanish business newspapers. The most important conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that corporate communication by organizations did not disappear during 2020 despite the ravages of the pandemic but was reduced by 50%. This reduction also shows a very important effect to take into consideration. During the year 2020 organizations had to work much harder to be in the spotlight even though the economic coverage of the analysed media did not completely disappear because of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in three of the main municipalities of Pantanal Matogrossense: Barão de Melgaço, Poconé e Cáceres, in the period between the first semester of 2019 and the first semester of 2020, with the beginning of mobility restrictions, in an attempt to prevent the proliferation of the disease and the closing of international borders. The study was carried out in the light of the "Theory of the tourism system", as it understands that the effects of the pandemic had repercussions on all components of tourism, parts of a connected and constantly changing system, influenced by its agents and also by the environment in which it finds itself, the main attractive factor for tourists. The analysis of these components was based on data representative of the effects, in this period, on tourist flows, measured by the number of flights at the main airport in Mato Grosso (Várzea Grande), in the economy and finances of these municipalities, in the variation in the number of Jobs, in the situation of establishments linked to tourism and by the implementation of public policies, aimed at controlling mobility and social isolation. It concludes with the confirmation of the effects of the pandemic, with greater relevance over the set of operational actions, in the relationship of supply and demand for tourism products, in the processes of production, distribution and consumption, with a decrease in the number of visitors, regulated by laws, drop in the number of Jobs, closure of establishments, decrease in the collection and changes in people's habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit humanity without precedent since the beginning of 2020 and paralyzes the regular functioning of the world. However, some East Asian countries, especially China, which was the first epicenter of this pandemic, managed to combat the virus and quickly recovered from this health crisis. The data on infections from China, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam contrast tremendously with those obtained from Western countries. This paper analyzes the possible factors that explain the successful management of the pandemic in these countries. It turns out that beyond the radical restrictions of pandemic control, their experiences with contagious diseases and their cultures in which collectivism prevails constitute the innate advantages of these Asian countries, those that Western countries do not have and that facilitate the faster and more effective containment of coronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the tension between international investment arbitration, international human rights law, and constitutional law. After analyzing the main objections to investment treaty arbitration such as the lack of transparency, legal certainty, legitimacy and accountability of the arbitrators, the paper examines the novel judgment c-252/2019 of the Constitutional Court of Colombia which is an example of the virtuous role to be exercised by constitutional justice regarding investment arbitration. When constitutional justice incorporates in its reasoning and argumentation the diversity of interests and rights both foreign investor and the society it can contribute to alleviate the structural deficits of investment arbitration while contributing on strengthen it. From the perspective of the host State, it can prevent international lawsuits or to argue an exemption of international liability. The central idea is to defend the need to develop a serious and reflexive dialogue between these authorities of public law adjudication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the impact the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had on the schizophrenics and the course of their disease. We presented the factors increasing the risk of infection and mortality in these patients. We then focused on the means to reduce the risk of the relapse of schizophrenia, as well as on the assessment of stress level perceived in the study group. Furthermore, we analyzed the work-flow and organization of work in the institutionalized support facilities for patients suffering from schizophrenia. Additionally, we examined the pros and cons of using atypical drugs, clozapine in particular, in the schizophrenia treatment, and discussed the issue of telemedicine and long-distance medical advice, which proved vital in the times of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a contribution to studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people of African descent. It contains a non-exhaustive review of documentation from two fundamental sources: multilateral agencies and Afro-descendant organizations. This problematic is embedded in a structural crisis prior to the pandemic. Finally, attention is drawn to a kind of consensus in the diagnoses about the negative impacts of the pandemic and its roots in structural problems of inequality, racism and exclusion. The paradox is the gap between the correctness of these discourses and the practical implementation of solutions. Alternatives outlined by Afro-descendant movements are located in the field of political struggle and confluence with other sectors that propose a necessary change in the model of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What we are witnessing in the present time in human history, in the 2020's, is a vortex of intersecting pandemics - jolting revelations that are unfolding with a terrific energy and force - so much so that we cannot ignore them or escape them. These include the world-wide pandemics of racism, COVID-19 and climate change. This paper argues that all of these swirling pandemics are manifestations of the archetype of the apocalypse, which is constellating now in a very powerful way. Any one of these phenomena could swallow humanity whole as a species. Together they represent a seemingly overwhelming challenge for us to meet over the next century of life on earth. If humanity cannot meet the challenge of these combined negative forces, it could simply perish. A multi-layered intersecting set of challenges such as this has never yet occurred in human history. We must therefore be very alert to what is going on, and as to how we can consciously mediate these threats, both individually and collectively. It also presents an unprecedented opportunity for humanity to evolve and grow psychologically both individually and collectively, nationally and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst's internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the struggle with COVID-19, art offered a way to face the solitude of the lockdown. The focus of this paper is primarily on Caravaggio's painting The Seven Works of Mercy, with references to other paintings to amplify some aspects of the artist's approach to life and his uniqueness in the artistic landscape of his time. Darkness was part of Caravaggio's research for spiritual truth and by entering the stories of his life and exploring the tales told through imaginative expression in his paintings, it is possible to understand his process of exploration of ancestral darkness. The author uses her imagination to reflect on how art can help to contact the profound fears buried in the unconscious which are now being awakened by the pandemic. The contemplation of this painting facilitated the emergence of emotions related to the darkness of our time, with the discovery that empathy and mercy offer a way to come to terms with the pandemic. This approach demands a different understanding of reality with Caravaggio's dark creative world becoming a companion that permits the exploration of what is not yet thinkable in daily life. Images accompany the author's research that relies on her imagination and amplifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear and grief caused by the pandemic have produced a powerful unconscious narrative in the collective psyche that the coronavirus is driven by an innately evil, and possibly divine, force. The resulting archetypal dimension of fear causes an extra layer of psychological suffering in individuals. This paper discusses how and why this narrative was created and why it is so compelling by looking at 1) the myth-making nature of the human psyche, 2) the psychodynamics of fear that drive the narrative, 3) the properties of the coronavirus and the pandemic that activate negative poles of some archetypes, in particular, archetypes of evil, and 4) asking how analytical psychology can help ease psychological suffering caused by these negative narratives, where one possibility is to invoke the transcendent function. The author's personal experiences as both biochemist and analytical psychologist elucidate how the transcendent function can promote healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the pandemic progresses towards all corners of the globe, it becomes more noticeable how this crisis is undermining some of the central aspects that give meaning to urban life. In this scenario, future urban planning must learn to implement city models capable of responding to this kind of challenge. The constant reflections that appear regularly coincide in pointing out that COVID-19 has disrupted the dynamics of the contemporary city unveiling significant weaknesses in terms of management, social cohesion, and planning. From this evidence, scholars argue that a new model of the city will emerge once we overcome this crisis. But what kind of city? Through a literature review this paper identifies four central areas that underpin the construction of the new Post-COVID city, urging for a global and multidisciplinary debate and joint reflection on the opportunities that open in this context of global crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present previous experiences of tourism cities in reducing the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the local tourism economy. The article is based on literature review, which starting point was a World Tourism Cities Federation report on urban tourism during COVID-19 pandemic. The authors argue and discuss the proposed instruments of actions and tools supporting the tourism sector at the urban level, both in the phase of first responses to the outbreak, and in next stage of the pandemic, which is aimed at rebuilding and revitalizing tourism in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the relationship between the health management of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic outcomes. It shows economic and mortality indicators as well as other social and cultural variables affecting the results. It takes into account the effect of oil prices upon the exporting countries leeway. It also shows how the disruption in international trade affected global value chains. Countries with better health results during the pandemic showed better results in economic growth in the second quarter of 2020. The best predictor of economic success was the health system strengh measured by number of beds prior to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has unexpectedly entered our lives, causing social changes and leaving its traces in the language, too, through words that have forcefully and suddenly entered our lives like the virus itself. In Italian most of these words are anglicisms, which have been the most numerous borrowings since the 20th century. In this paper the focus was on anglicisms such as COVID hospital, hub, lockdown, smart working, distanziamento sociale, delivery, rider, green pass and recovery fund, which, in our opinion, have been widely used in the media to describe the pandemic period to the detriment of their Italian equivalents. The analysis focused on the frequency of anglicisms and their Italian equivalents in the electronic versions of the newspapers La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera, and the reasons for their wide diffusion. The results confirm their dominance in journalistic language and suggest their imposition over the Italian variants. Initially, the influx was presumably stimulated by the urgency of work. Their emergence, on the other hand, was due to different factors: in the case of hub, delivery and rider because of their brevity and compactness; in the case of COVID hospital because of a more restricted semantics; in the case of lockdown and distanziamento sociale because they are umbrella terms; in the case of smart working because of the prestige that the English language has in Italian society; in the case of green pass and recovery fund because they were introduced into Italian journalistic language directly through foreign media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates China's leadership over intergovernmental and private actions in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies sectors, levels, and roles played. The main argument is that successful control over the pandemic depends on effective and integrated leadership at different levels. The conceptual, theoretical, and analytical framework is given by the multi-level governance theory. Through a case study, the actions adopted in China (n = 374) were mapped from reports issued by the Chinese government, the World Health Organization, and media information. Content analysis was adopted to categorize data. Quantitative and qualitative findings show different roles of actors, as well as usefulness of the multi-level governance to provide fast and complex responses required during the pandemic. In the last section, the conclusion and recommendations for future research are addressed. The lack of studies on the application of multi-level governance in non-democratic regimes especially during a pandemic indicates the relevance and contribution of this study to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify scientific evidence on the indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in out-of-hospital spaces and population measures for its prevention. Materials and methods. A rapid review of what has been published in PubMed and MedRxiv between 12/01/2019 and 04/24/2020, on the topics: 1) the contamination and viability of SARSCoV- 2 in different inanimate surfaces; 2) products accessible at home level with disinfectant efficacy against SARS-CoV-2; 3) the cases and outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 transmitted through surfaces. Results. A high proportion of the objects people infected with SARS-CoV-2 use (toilet, pots and electronic tablets) are contaminated. This virus remains viable from hours to days in paper, cardboard, cloth, glass, wood, plastic, steel and face masks. Ethanol, 2-propanol, chlorine, and soap are effective in deactivating it. There is little evidence on cases and outbreaks by indirect contact. Conclusions. Studies are required to determine the minimum infectious dose by autoinoculation. Appealing to the precautionary principle, we include recommendations to reduce the risk of indirect contagion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the perception and commercialization strategies of production adopted by the workers of the street fair Venda Nova do Imigrante before the containment measures of Covid-19 by the city government. With human vulnerability to the pandemic, the city has preventively suspended the local operation of the street fair, opening the delivery modality, enabling continuity of commercialization with adequacy, as well as the use of public policy tickets to promote family farming. In the methodology, the qualitative approach was prioritized, with academic and official references to the thematic understanding and the characterization of the cutout. After prior dialogue with representatives of the street fair Administration, it was held the contact with the survey subjects (members of the Street Fair Association) to forward questions and get answers by mobile application. The protagonism and the organization capacity of the market owners were revealed in the flexible return of the Feira-Livre, although the individual conditions of commercialization provoke the cooling of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous report we answered a number of questions by the editors about the Dutch strategic policy in the first half year of the SARS-CoV-2 cri- sis. In the present paper we reply to a number of additional questions of the editors about the steps put by the Dutch policy during the second half of 2020, when the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic developed its second wave. Especially, the awareness of an upcoming second and third epidemic waves, the specific preventive actions and measures taken by the government and the changing compliance and trust of the public in the government’s strategy are described. Actions such as the Dutch test strategy, the division of regional vs national competences, partial and complete lockdowns, and cooperation with other member states and the (or their lack) are also briefly treated. Specific temporary and structural adjustments in the public health and health care system are mentioned. No hard conclusions or qualifications about the adequacy of the Dutch public health and health care policy are drawn. Nevertheless, in retro- spect it is clear that a straightforward, focussed and highly effective strategy in this unprecedented crisis by a new and dangerous and rapidly mu- tating virus is a great challenge for every country. Many things go well, but many more could or should have be done better. We have to learn, also from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of an ongoing master's research project, and aims to discuss the role of memes in response to Brazilian fake news shared on the Internet during pandemic times. We selected memes that show recent Brazilian episodes that bring up themes such as the trivialization of the new coronavirus, possible treatments for its cure and a growing online social discontent regarding the way that the Federal Government has been dealing with the pandemic in Brazil. For this analysis, we use the cartographic method to reflect on what the memes posted online during this pandemic narrate, recognizing that they invite us to critically observe the social impacts of a period highlighted by intense political disputes. Researching memes that expose fake Brazilian news means relying on the importance of the Internet to enhance the production and sharing of images-sayings that encourage us to participate in an important cyberactivist movement orchestrated against some government decisions in pandemic times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high demand about anesthesiologist support out of the «security» operating rooms areas have increased exponentially, due to every day complex new practice in diagnoses, therapeutics and palliative technics. This proceedings, every day more complex have given rise to another chapter from the anesthesia, called anesthesia in non operating room area (NORA). In face the COVID-19 pandemic, there are a lot of papers about the restructuring of the operating rooms even the hospitals, but there is not enough information about NORA supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused serious interference in the functioning of parliaments, which led to different solutions in Spanish autonomous parliaments, Congress and Senate. This paper analyzes the decisions adopted by governing bodies to address the situation generated by the health crisis, where the presence of the institution was essential but neither regulatory provisions nor adequate technological tools were available. In opposition to some imaginative solutions, in which principles such as immediacy or attendance to sessions have been challenged, it is argued that the ductility of parliamentary law has limits if we want to stay within the bounds of the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most critical situations in all world in 2020 year is the Covid-19 pandemic. All areas of society have colapsed due to the quarantine declared in several countries. One of the most important infrastructure resources in this situation is the Internet service because people have to work and study from home and such people connections have performed by Internet. Thus, Internet Service Providers had to endure increased traffic. In this paper, an analysis of Internet traffic over ISPs at Colombia was performed to understand what happened over such networks. Also, an estimate was made of the increase in network resources by means of a Closed Queued Network model. Results shows that Internet traffic increased for almost all operators with a percentage mean of 29.76 in March and 51.54 in April, and besides, network resources increased in a percentage near to 28.3 in March and 32.71 in April. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the changes made at the Central Defense Hospital «Gomez Ulla» to face the COVID-19 crisis. A description on the available capabilities prior to the pandemic outbreak is made, and how they had to adapt to a suddenly established new situation, regarding departments such as Emergency, Hospitalization and Intensive Care Units. Support received, both in personal and material resources will also be mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most disasters that have been studied, the underlying dangerous cause does not persist for very long. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic a progressively emerging life threat remains, exposing everyone to varying levels of risk of contracting the illness, dying, or infecting others. Distancing and avoiding company have a great impact on social life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous economic impact for many losing work and income, which is even affecting basic needs such as access to food and housing. In addition, loss of loved ones may compound the effects of fear and loss of resources. The aim of this paper is to distil, from a range of published literature, lessons from past disasters to assist in mitigating adverse psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. European, American, and Asian studies of disasters show that long-term social and psychological consequences of disasters may compromise initial solidarity. Psychosocial disruptions, practical and financial problems, and complex community and political issues may then result in a 'second disaster'. Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy was one of the worst-affected European countries. The rapid surge of cases and the limited capacity of intensive care unit departments have posed a serious threat to the Italian national health system. In this paper we describe the first response and the main measures carried by Italian policy makers, as coordinated by a governmental committee of public health experts, which have succeeded in preventing the pandemic from turning into a disaster. Early closure of the school, quarantine measures and lockdown were put in place and the response of the population has been good overall. Despite the Italian health care system of universal coverage is considered the second-best in the world, during phase 1, the Italian decentralisation and fragmentation of health services probably restricted timely interventions and effectiveness. In northern Italy, Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, Piedmont, and Veneto, which reported most of the Italian cases, carried out different strategies against COVID-19, with great differences in testing, quarantine, and public health procedures. The improvement of the epidemiological situation has allowed an easing of the restrictive measures, with a progressive restarting of work activities. The government and technical-scientific bodies have prepared health strategies to support a possible second epidemic wave in the autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]