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The increasing number of vehicles are emitting a large amount of particles into the atmosphere, causing serious harm to the ecological environment and human health. This study conducted the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) to investigate the emission characteristics of particle number (PN) of China-VI gasoline vehicles with different gasoline. The gasoline with lower aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins reduced particulate matter (PM) and PN emissions by 24% and 52% respectively. The average PN emission rate of the four vehicles during the first 300 s (the cold start period) was 7.2 times that of the 300 s–1800s. Additionally, because the particle transmission time and instrument response time, the test results of instantaneous emissions of PN were not synchronized with vehicle specific power (VSP). By calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient between pre-average vehicle specific power (PAVSP) and the test results of PN instantaneous emissions, the delay time was determined as 10s. After the PN emissions results were corrected, the PN emissions were found to be more related to VSP. By analyzing the influence of driving status on emission, this study found that vehicles in acceleration mode increased PN emissions by 76% compared to those in constant speed mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP) has become an important means of fostering green transition in many countries. However, few studies have focused on how the various challenges unique to developing and emerging economies affect the design and implementation of MOIPs. Through a longitudinal comparative analysis of China's two green industries, our study contributes to understanding MOIP instrument mixes within the context of developing countries and industrial differences. First, we identify a four-dimensional framework of MOIP instruments aligned with the existing literature, while also highlighting China's policymaking features under authoritarian yet adaptive governance. An in-depth analysis of the implementation of MOIP instrument mixes throughout niche development uncovered dynamic mechanisms, industry differences, and complex local government responses. Our work suggests that, with an adaptive instrument mixes that focuses on both types of missions and the local institutional context, MOIP can potentially promote green transition in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human midbrain dopaminergic progenitors (mDAPs) are one of the most representative cell types in both basic research and clinical applications. However, there are still many challenges for the preparation and quality control of mDAPs, such as the lack of standards. Therefore, the establishment of critical quality attributes and technical specifications for mDAPs is largely needed. "Human midbrain dopaminergic progenitor" jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research, is the first guideline for human mDAPs in China. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, instructions for usage, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for human mDAPs, which is applicable to the quality control for human mDAPs. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 30 August 2022. We hope that the publication of this guideline will facilitate the institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of human mDAPs for clinical development and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Human neural stem cells' jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research, is the first guideline for human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in China. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for hNSCs, which is applicable to the quality control for hNSCs. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 30 August 2022. We hope that publication of the guideline will facilitate institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of hNSCs for clinical development and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous cropping has a negative effect on soybean yield. In this study, a positioning experiment was conducted starting in 2015, with three treatments: maize–soybean rotation (SMR), 2-year maize, 2-year soybean rotation cropping (SC2), and 8-year soybean continuous cropping (SC8). We determined soybean yields (2015–2022) and analyzed soil microbial communities, functions, and metabolites composition in the 0–20 cm tillage layer using metagenomics technology and GC–MS technology during soybean flowering in 2022. Results indicated that continuous cropping (SC8) significantly reduced soybean yield compared to crop rotation (SMR) during the experimental period, while SC8 showed higher yield than SC2 in 2022. Compared to SMR, SC8 significantly increased soil N content and significantly decreased pH and TP, AP, and AK content. However, the pH and AK contents of SC8 were significantly higher than those of SC2. LeFSe analysis showed that Friedmanniella, Microlunatus, Nitrososphaera, Rubrobacter, Geodermatophilus, Nitriliruptor were enriched in SC8. Gaiella, Sphaerobacter, Methyloceanibacter were enriched in SC2. Sphingomonas, Cryobacterium, Marmoricola, Haliangium, Arthrobacter, Ramlibacter, Rhizobacter, Pseudolabrys, Methylibium, Variovorax were enriched in SMR. And the relative abundance of Cryobacterium, Marmoricola, Haliangium, Arthrobacter, Ramlibacter, Rhizobacter, Methylibium, Variovorax was significantly positively correlated with yield, while the relative abundance of Gaiella and Sphaerobacter was significantly negatively correlated with yield. SC8 significantly increased the abundance of genes in nitrogen metabolism and significantly decreased the abundance of genes related to phosphorus and potassium metabolism compared with SMR. However, the abundance of genes in potassium metabolism was significantly higher in SC8 than in SC2. Metabolomic analysis showed that compared to SMR, SC8 decreased the abundance of carbohydrates, ketones, and lipid. However, the abundance of carbohydrates, ketones, and lipid was significantly higher in SC8 than in SC2. Mantel test showed that soil pH and AK significantly affected soil microbial community, function, and metabolite composition. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation between soil metabolites and microorganisms, metabolic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) (PH) is a traditional Chinese traditional medicine with a pungent flavor and mild drug properties. PH is mainly distributed in the channel tropism in the stomach and large intestine. PH has multiple uses and can be used to treat a variety of diseases for a long time. This review summarizes the phytochemical and pharmacological activities, and applications of PH from 1980 to 2022. We also provide suggestions for promoting further research and developing additional applications of PH. The data and information on PH from 1980 to 2022 reviewed in this article were obtained from scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Science Citation Index, SciFinder Scholar (SciFinder), Springer, American Chemical Society (ACS) Publications, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), etc. Some information was obtained from classic literature on traditional Chinese medicines. The search terms were Polygonum hydropiper, phytochemistry compositions of Polygonum hydropiper, pharmacological activities of Polygonum hydropiper, and applications of Polygonum hydropiper. The comprehensive analysis of the literature resulted in 324 compounds being isolated, identified, and reported from PH. Regarding traditional uses, the majority of phytochemical and pharmacological studies have indicated the diverse bioactivities of PH extracts, flavonoids, and volatile oil elements, including antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. PH has a long history of diversified medicinal uses, some of which have been verified in modern pharmacological studies. Further detailed studies are required to establish scientific and reasonable quality evaluation standards and action mechanisms of active constituents from PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socioeconomic impacts of potential climate policies are unevenly distributed across the globe, and different countries take different leading positions in fulfilling carbon neutrality. We select two top-emitting emerging economies, China and India, as our case studies. Considering structural, entrepreneurial, ideational, and exemplary leadership based on the leadership theory, we analyze the two countries' international and domestic positions in climate change mitigation after each became active climate action taker (i.e. during 2008–2021). We further rely on interest-based and norm-based approaches to explore the driving factors of their leading positions. We conclude that although China is generally more inclined to take the leading position, China and India currently both exert substantive leadership, especially prevalent in recent international climate negotiation rounds. China and India's consistency of international and domestic leadership evolves via different paths. China initially focused more on international rather than domestic leadership positions (symbolic leader), while India initially took the opposite approach (pioneer). An alignment between international and domestic leadership is found in both countries in more recent years, making both countries substantive leaders. Compared with the interest-based approach, the norm-based approach has greater explanatory power for the two countries' leading position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rituals are fundamental social acts that structure relationships and enable the filtering of important cognitive attributes (e.g. working memory and inhibitory control) that make humans what they are today. This study investigated the influence of model age and familiarity on the reproduction of ritual behaviour in five‐year‐old children. Through an exploration of these factors, this study sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms children use to comprehend and replicate rituals. Ninety‐eight five‐year‐old children were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which observed an adult or child model, either familiar or unfamiliar to them, demonstrating eight ritual acts; and a control group, which received no video demonstration. The results revealed that children who observed an adult reproduced more ritual acts than those who observed a child, and children who observed unfamiliar models reproduced ritual acts more frequently than those who observed familiar ones. Additionally, when exposed to unfamiliar models, children's reproductive fidelity was higher. These findings suggest that children have the ability to address new adaptation challenges by participating in rituals at an early age and that they generate suitable solutions depending on the model's characteristics. This provides evidence for the adaptive bias in children's cultural learning from a ritual perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gansu is a province in the northwest of China that is well known for its rich grassland types and important alfalfa planting base in China. Among the key limiting factors in alfalfa products and high quality are insect and mite pests, particularly those occurring on root and stem parts. Mite populations were collected on alfalfa roots from Jiuquan City located in the northwest part of Gansu Province. This study aimed to identify the principle mite species infesting alfalfa in Gansu Province, by molecular and morphological characterization. DNA from 20 specimens and morphological data from 45 specimens (15 adult females, 20 adult males [10 homeomorphic and 10 heteromorphic] and 10 deutonymphs were used to confirm the identity of the mite species. The species present is described here as a new species (Sancassania alfalfa Shang & Li, sp. nov.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These days, colleges and universities have accumulated many resources in teaching and scientific research due to the acceleration of education information in China. However, many teaching resources are in short supply due to a lack of standardized resource construction and the closeness of management methods. Physical education significant teaching resources in Chinese colleges and universities must be utilized. If not integrated, it would seriously restrict the development of physical education in China. However, the traditional management of physical education teaching resources tends to worsen the data management, which is easy to cause the loss of physical education teaching resources data. With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and other technologies, intelligent edge cloud computing can ensure the integrity of physical education teaching resources and improve utilization. In this paper, cloud computing is used to manage physical education teaching resources in colleges and universities, and virtualization technology is used to research physical education teaching resources. Moreover, a resource scheduling method is proposed to ensure equal load distribution across various edge resources. The proposed strategy also provides increased utilization levels for computing resources. The comparison between the sports teaching resources under cloud computing and traditional sports teaching resources found that cloud resource management's sharing degree of teaching equipment has increased by 20.6% compared with conventional resource management. The sharing degree of courses has increased by 16.5%, and the utilization rate of sports venues has increased by 27.1% compared with traditional resource management. The utilization rate of sports film and television materials increased by 30.7%. Teachers and students benefit significantly from college and university teaching resources in the context of cloud computing. It demonstrates how cloud computing may assist colleges and universities in managing and integrating their teaching resources more effectively. The management and integration of college sports resources through cloud computing can promote the mutual exchange of college resources and have practical significance for the development of college education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for data elements and green development, this paper measures the level of data elements and green development in 273 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019 using the random forest algorithm and calculates the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the two systems using the coupling coordination degree model. Furthermore, this paper classifies the 273 cities into six types based on their "business charm" rankings and uses the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation and a spatial Markov chain model to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic evolution of the CCD between data elements and green development. The results show that: (1) the average level of data elements is 0.087, which obviously lags behind the average level of green development, but the levels of both data elements and green development are on the rise; (2) the average CCD between data elements and green development is 0.44, which is in the moderate coordination stage and the CCD shows a year-on-year increase; (3) the higher the business charm ranking of a city, the higher the CCD between Data elements Green development (4) the CCD is affected by the city business charm ranking, showing significant differences, which mainly originate from the intergroup differences; (5) the CCD between data elements and green development in a city is also influenced by its neighboring cities, and the spatial pattern of the CCD evolution shows a "club convergence" phenomenon in the extreme coupling coordination stage. These findings provide important implications for promoting synergies between data elements and green development in both developing and developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the association between the presence of periodontitis and aortic calcification (AC) risk among Chinese adults. A total of 6059 individuals who underwent regular health check-ups and received a diagnosis of periodontitis between 2009 and 2016 were included. The outcome was AC, assessed by a chest low-dose spiral CT scan. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association between periodontitis and AC risk after adjusting for several confounders. After a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (interquartile range: 1.03–4.97 years), 843 cases of AC were identified, with 532 (12.13%) and 311 (18.59%) patients in the non-periodontitis group and periodontitis group, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that, compared with those without periodontitis, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for AC risk in participants with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.02–1.36) (P =.025) in the fully adjusted model. Stratified analyses showed that the positive relationship between periodontitis and AC was more evident in males and participants <65 years of age (pinteraction =.005 and.004, respectively). Our results show that the presence of periodontitis was positively associated with AC among Chinese adults, especially among males and younger participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a relational two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering undesirable outputs, this paper evaluates both the process and system performances of industrial environmental governance in China's 30 provincial-level regions during 1998–2015. Furthermore, this is the first study to apply the spatial econometric models with a geographical distance matrix to investigate the local and spatial spillover effects of environmental regulations on heterogeneous environmental governance performance (i.e. clean production and end-of-pipe treatment performances). The results show that clean production performance is generally higher than end-of-pipe treatment performance, but both performances present a declining trend during the sample period. The estimation results of the spatial econometric models confirm the Porter hypothesis market-based environmental regulations improve local clean production performance. By contrast, we also find that command-and-control environmental regulations improve end-of-pipe treatment performance but curb clean production performance, and exert a "race-to-the-top" effect on local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the relationship between vascular overload index (VOI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural population and find effective ways to prevent cardiovascular disease in rural low-income populations. Methods. The data for this study was obtained from a large cohort study called the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) conducted in 2013 and followed up during 2015-2018. 10,174 subjects completed at least one follow-up visit. Cox regression equation was used to explore whether VOI and cardiovascular disease were independently related. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of any adverse outcome, and the log-rank test and restrict mean survival analysis were used to compare group differences. Reclassification and discrimination statistics were used to determine whether VOI could strengthen the ability of the model to predict CVD events. Results. The prevalence of CVD in the VOI quartiles was 1.92%, 3.96%, 5.42%, and 11.34% for Q1–Q4, respectively (P for trend <0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounders, there was a 2.466-fold increased risk of CVD when comparing the highest and lowest groups. Besides, this study found that for every standard deviation increase, the results still exist. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased by 1.358-fold in this model. The restrict mean survival analysis results show that with the increase of VOI, the restrict mean survival time (RMST) within 5 years gradually became shorter. Reclassification and discrimination statistics indicated that VOI significantly enhanced the ability to estimate CVD events within 4 years. Conclusion. Analyses showed that VOI was significantly associated with CVD. VOI is a simple and accurate prognostic marker of CVD risk, which has the potential ability to improve the risk stratification of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine whether the combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care could further reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe bleeding. Methods: A total of 23 Chinese medical centers participated in this trial. Adult patients with a history of ischemic stroke were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a block design to receive either Naoxintong Capsule (1.2 g orally, twice a day) or placebo in addition to standard care. The primary endpoint was recurrence of ischemic stroke within 2 years. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, death due to recurrent ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. The safety of drugs was monitored. Results were analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. Results: A total of 2,200 patients were enrolled from March 2015 to March 2016, of whom 143 and 158 in the Naoxintong and placebo groups were lost to follow-up, respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the recurrence rate of ischemic stroke within 2 years was significantly lower in the Naoxintong group [6.5% vs. 9.5%, hazard ratio (HR): 0.665, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.492-0.899, P=0.008]. The two groups showed no significant differences in the secondary outcomes and safety, including rates of severe hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care reduced the 2-year stroke recurrence rate in patients with ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe hemorrhage in high-risk patients. (Trial registration No. NCT02334969) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of physical education (PE) teaching in general institutions of higher education is to enhance students' fitness and mental quality, which in turn improves students' physiological ability and sports skills and finally enables students to develop healthy lifestyle. The conventional assessment of students' PE instruction only focuses on the evaluation of their body condition and sports skills, ignoring the cultivation of their mental and physical development and healthy living habits and evaluating students with a relatively single evaluation standard, lacking the cultivation of "teaching to suit the individual." At present, the evaluation method of instructional quality of PE teachers in China's institutions of higher education is relatively single and dominated by qualitative methods, which cannot be applied to instructional innovation. The evaluation of physical education teaching quality plays an important role in building a complete and effective teaching process, which plays an important role in judging whether the formulation of physical education teaching objectives and principles is reasonable, and the evaluation of students' learning behavior and learning effect. This article takes the relevant theory of scientific knowledge graph as the guiding idea, based on the current situation of PE teaching assessment in institutions of higher education, and employs experimental research methods to conduct empirical studies on 10 universities in Jilin Province. The empirical findings suggest that students' satisfaction with the new evaluation method is 83.68 points on average, and the accuracy rate is 84.54 points on average; teachers' satisfaction with the new evaluation method is 86.12 points on average, and the accuracy rate is 88.4 points on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean energy technologies have become increasingly dependent on critical byproduct metals to perform specialized functions due to their unique physical or chemical properties. More critical byproduct metals will be required to enable the implementation of China's carbon neutrality goal. However, the supply uncertainty of critical byproduct metals due to their high reliance on the production of the host metals have raised increasing concerns about the availability of critical byproduct metals for clean energy technologies in recent years. Therefore, this article provides a systematic review on the research of availability constraints of critical byproduct metals for clean energy technologies from three aspects: theoretical analysis, research methods, and mitigation policies. The results show that: 1 The availability constraints of critical byproduct metals are caused by the interaction of multiple systems and factors, with the main drivers being the joint production mechanism and industrial demand influencing mechanism. 2 The problem of data shortage is a challenge faced by the reserve assessment of critical byproduct metals for clean energy technologies, and the traditional production forecasting models for host metals could not be applied to the availability analysis for critical byproduct metals. Appropriate models should be used in the demand prediction of critical byproduct metals for traditional or mature technology fields, and emerging energy technology, respectively. Therefore, this article provides a summary of the research methods for the availability constraints of critical byproduct metals for clean energy technologies to provide a method guide for subsequent studies. 3 Research on mitigation policies of availability constraints of critical byproduct metals for clean energy technologies focuses more on waste management, product design, and production and extraction processes, but less on final-product use and manufacturing processes. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges for mitigation policies vary in different industrial chains. 4 The impact mechanism of the availability constraints of critical byproduct metals needs to be further explored in the future, and a systematic assessment of the availability of critical byproduct metals should be carried out by developing integrated methods. The dynamic evolution trend of the availability constraints of critical byproduct metals in China should be explored for the achievement of China's 'dual carbon' goals. Research into the mitigation policies of availability constraints of critical byproduct metals in China is urgently needed from a whole industrial chain perspective to provide policy suggestions for the security of critical byproduct metals for energy transition and the achievement of the carbon neutrality goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperlipidemia (HLP) and hypertension (HTN) are both independent risk factors for ischemic stroke. This study aimed to assess whether HTN and HLP have a synergistic effect on the risk of ischemic stroke.Methods: Between January and August 2013, 11,695 subjects in rural areas of northeastern China were enrolled. The additive and multiplicative scales were used to evaluate the interaction.Results: The prevalence of ischemic stroke was 5.7%. Using the healthy group (without HTN or HLP) as the reference group, subjects with both HTN and HLP had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 3.369, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.579-4.402), and this OR was greater than that of subjects with only HTN (OR: 1.995, 95% CI 1.526-2.610) or HLP (OR: 1.321, 95% CI 0.937-1.862) (adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, family income, current smoking and drinking status, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, family history of stroke, and atrial fibrillation). Regarding the additive scale, the relative excess risk due to interaction (OR: 1.053, 95% CI 0.458-1.648) was positive after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, the attributable proportion was 31.3%, which means that 31.3% of the total risk of ischemic stroke was due to the synergistic interaction between HTN and HLP. Furthermore, the synergistic index (S) of ischemic stroke was 1.8 (95% CI 1.157-2.801), which also indicates a synergistic interaction between HTN and HLP. Regarding the multiplicative scale, the interaction effect was also significant after adjusting for confounders (OR: 2.163, 95% CI 1.817-2.575).Conclusion: The results suggest that the synergistic effect of HTN and HLP on ischemic stroke is significantly higher than the sum of their independent effects. The quantification of the combined effect should help to promote healthy blood pressure and blood lipid levels among the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the main ways to transport natural gas, pipeline safety is of great significance to maintaining social stability and ensuring the national energy supply. Aiming at the safe operation of natural gas pipelines in subsidence areas of coal mine, this work proposes a safety management system for condition monitoring and control. This system contains three technical modules: the surface and pipeline displacement monitoring, the risk assessment index system, and early warning model. Firstly, the collected data of site topography and pipeline conditions are transmitted to the database remotely. Second, multi-source data are collected to form data reports and conduct in-depth analysis and mining. Then, according to the analysis results, the pattern of surface and pipeline displacement is explored, the risk assessment system of gas pipelines is constructed, and the pipeline strain is monitored. Real-time computing and other technologies are developed to form a safety management system for gas pipelines in subsidence areas. Taking Shanxi Province in China as an example, based on the system developed by the technical modules, the application of surface and pipeline displacement monitoring, risk assessment, and pipeline stress-strain monitoring technology in subsidence areas is achieved. The results show that the risk score of the area where the pipeline is located is 82, which is a high-risk level. In addition, in the process of strain monitoring, the measured stress at the most unfavorable position is 140.207 MPa, which meets the allowable stress requirements. This safety management system can provide important support for decision-making of risk prevention, assessment, and management of natural gas pipelines in subsidence areas of coal mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) are risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Aim: To examine the effects of the simultaneous control of all three conditions on new‐onset HFpEF in this population. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 552 patients with T2DM, hypertension and AF, but without clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure. The participants were followed up for 5 years to examine the effects of glycaemic control (haemoglobin A1c: <7.0%, 7.0%–8.0% and >8.0%), blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP: <120, 120–140 and >140 mmHg) or rhythm versus rate control for AF on new‐onset HFpEF. Results: With a follow up of 5 years, the new‐onset HFpEF occurred in 62 of 552 enrolled participants. Among the different control level for diabetes, hypertension and AF, the intensive blood glucose (BG) control, poor BP control and rate control of AF had the highest risk of new‐onset HFpEF, and the conservative BG control, intensive BP control and rhythm control of AF had the lowest risk of new‐onset HFpEF. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that both poor BP control (hazard ratio (HR): 1.421, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–1.992, P = 0.042) and rate control of AF (HR: 1.362, 95% CI: 1.006–1.821, P = 0.033) were independently associated with the development of new‐onset HFpEF. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, besides intensive BP control, conservative BG control and rhythm control of AF were crucial factors to delay the progression of HFpEF among patients with T2DM, hypertension and AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon technology has become the focus of addressing global climate challenges but is facing the supply restriction of critical high-tech metals. Recycling has become a powerful measure to solve this issue. In the paper, a comprehensive recycling potential index (RPI) is constructed to evaluate the recycling potential of high-tech metals for low-carbon energy technologies in China from 2020 to 2050, and development strategies are proposed based on the evaluation results. The results indicate that the future trends of recycling potential show four evolution modes – either reaching or rapidly rising to a high level, increasing to the middle and middle-high level, unsteadily staying at the low and middle-low level, or remaining at a low and continuously decreasing level. According to the evolution trend, different strategies, including key development, reserves, digestion, and transfer, should be adopted in different stages. Co, Li, Dy, Nd, Tb, and Eu should be the focus of technology, funds and policy from both the government and enterprises due to their high recycling potential in the long term. Moreover, measures should be taken to encourage recycling and mitigate the supply risk of high-tech metals for low-carbon energy technologies, including tracking the development of low-carbon energy technologies, adjusting the list of critical high-tech metals, promoting recycling technology, and exploring substitute resources. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive recycling potential index is constructed to evaluate the recycling potential of high-tech metals. • The future trends of recycling potential of high-tech metals show four evolution modes. • Strategies like key development, reserves, digestion, and transfer should be adopted in different stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this hospital clinic based study was to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with the prevalence of MetS in RA population. Methods: From January 2015 to October 2018, 717 patients with RA and 717 healthy controls who were treated or performed physical examination in Tianjin First Central Hospital were enrolled in this study. The basic disease diagnoses were recorded. A questionnaire was performed on all participants to assess the demographic details of the RA cohort. Moreover, laboratory indicators related to glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with RA were also detected. The potential risk factors for MetS were also analyzed. Results: The prevalence of MetS were 31.2% and 34.2% in case and control groups, respectively (P =.22). There were lower levels of HDL‐C, obesity, TG, LDL‐C and TC in case group than control group (all P <.05). The hypertension levels in healthy controls was decreased in compared with patients with RA (P <.05). Nevertheless, in patients with RA, complement 3 (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.03, P =.007) and less glucocorticoids use (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.99, P =.046) were associated with MetS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS was not associated with RA. Complement 3 may be associated with the higher prevalence of MetS in patients with RA. Glucocorticoids treatment may be associated with MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the epidemiologic association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is established, little is known about the pathological characteristics and outcome of DLBCL arising in patients with HBV infection. Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 420 patients with DLBCL for the incidence of HBV infection, and the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in HBsAg-positive DLBCL patients in China, a hepatitis B endemic area. Results: In our study, 127 (30.2%) patients were HBsAg-positive. HBsAg-positive DLBCL displayed a younger median onset age (50 vs. 54 years, P = 0.002), more frequent involvement of the spleen (19.7% vs. 6.1%, P < 0.001), less frequent involvement of the small and large intestine (2.3% vs. 11.2%, P = 0.003), more advanced disease (stage III/IV: 56.7% vs. 45.1%, P = 0.028), and lower expression rate of MYC (49.1% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.026). The median follow-up time was 61.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between HBsAg-negative and -positive DLBCL (P = 0.577). In the HBsAg-positive DLBCL subgroup, age older than 60 years, advanced disease, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), spleen involvement, B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), and double expressers of MYC and BCL2 had a significantly worse outcome, and patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) had a better prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that spleen involvement and rituximab use were independent prognostic factors in HBsAg-positive DLBCL patients. Conclusions: Our study indicates that HBsAg-positive DLBCL has unique clinicopathological features and independent prognostic factors. Moreover, under antiviral prophylaxis, the survival of DLBCL patients with HBV infections was comparable to that of HBV-negative patients, and the use of rituximab significantly improved OS in HBsAg-positive DLBCL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome poor construction conditions, shorten construction time and improve project quality, the construction of Yushan Bridge in China is a fully industrialised, based on prefabrication of key components, site installation. The navigation span of the Yushan Bridge has a main span of 260 m and is the world's first segmented precast steel–concrete composite continuous-beam bridge. A new type of steel–concrete composite segment (a girder that connects the concrete box girders and the steel box girders) is used to ensure the bearing capacity and precision of closure. Thickened-edge U-shaped ribs and ultra-high-toughness concrete pavings are employed together to improve the durability of the orthotropic deck. A single-pile and single-column foundation is fully employed, with a maximum diameter of the steel composite pile (a pile that is outside is steel pipe, and the interior is filled with concrete) of 5 m. It is found that the construction time is reduced by 40%, the wave flow force is decreased by 80%, the scouring depth is decreased by 20% and the cost is reduced by 30% compared with group pilings. In addition, this method avoids durability problems of the pile cap due to group pilings. The use of a prefabricated exterior shell with cast-on-site concrete for the interior pier-top blocks of the 50 m non-navigation span solves the problems associated with the bearing force, durability, construction availability and quality control of the pier-top block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism carrying capacity (TCC) is an important indicator to balance the tourists' utility level and the quality of tourism environment. However, research on TCC focuses more on measuring the spatial carrying capacity of tourism resources using engineering measurement methods and completely ignores the experience of tourists. It violates the original intention of tourism destinations to provide leisure and entertainment for tourists. This paper attempts to evaluate tourism environmental psychological carrying capacity (TEPCC) in different environmental situations from the perspective of the visitor experience. First, we construct the utility theoretical framework of TEPCC based on consumer utility theory. Second, the choice experiment method is used to design questionnaires. The research team used the visual research method to visit 725 tourists of Shenyang National Forest Park in China. Finally, the conditional Logit model is used to calculate the threshold of TEPCC in different environmental situations in the park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate warming intensifies, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a national consensus for many countries. Green finance plays an important role in promoting energy efficiency and lowering such emissions, but there is scant literature that analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of green finance on energy efficiency. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018, this research measures the green finance index using the panel entropy weighting method and systematically evaluates the relationship between green finance and energy efficiency using the fixed-effects model. The results show the following. (1) Green finance significantly contributes to energy efficiency and remains the same after a series of robustness tests such as endogeneity treatment, replacement of explanatory and interpreted variables, and replacement of regression models. (2) Green technology innovation and energy structure optimization are the transmission mechanism of green finance for energy efficiency, which means that green finance improves energy efficiency by promoting green technology innovation and energy structure optimization. (3) There is regional heterogeneity, temporal heterogeneity, and industry heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on energy efficiency. The positive effects of green finance on energy efficiency are more pronounced in resource-dependent regions, regions with irrational industrial structure, north regions, industrial sectors, and after 2013. The conclusions of this paper offer some policy recommendations, including promoting the development of green finance, building a cooperation platform for green finance and technological innovation, enhancing the depth and breadth of renewable energy utilization, and building differentiated green finance strategies according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A giant porphyry-skarn-epithermal Mo-W-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag metallogenic system is recognized in the Nannihu ore field. • New geochronological data reveal that the porphyry-related metallogenic system formed in the Early Cretaceous (145–139 Ma). • The episodic magmatism and mineralization resulted in the remarkable enrichment of mineral resources at Nannihu. • The model of this porphyry-related metallogenic system has a significant implication for mineral prospecting in the area. The southern North China Craton owns substantial Mo, W, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ag resources, and most of them are hosted in hydrothermal deposits that may co-exist in the same ore field. However, the relationship between the different types of deposits is not well-constrained. To better understand this, here we present a comprehensive geological, geochronological, and pyrite geochemical study on the Nannihu ore field in the Luanchuan district. The Nannihu ore field is largely represented by the Nannihu Mo-W deposit, Luotuoshan Zn-Cu-W deposit, and Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit. Mo-W mineralization at Nannihu occurs in the contact zone between the Nannihu intrusion and the wall rocks, showing typical characteristics of the porphyry-type deposit. Three paragenetic stages are recognized at Nannihu, including quartz-potassium feldspar stage, quartz-sulfide stage, and quartz-carbonate stage. The Zn-Cu-W orebodies at Luotuoshan are mainly layered or lens-like, occurring within the skarn zones in the Luanchuan Group. Skarn stage, polymetallic sulfide stage, and carbonate stage are revealed at Luotuoshan. Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization at Lengshuibeigou is characterized by banded sulfide veins that are hosted in the NNE-trending fault zone. Three paragenetic stages are developed at Lengshuibeigou: quartz-pyrite stage, quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage, and quartz-carbonate stage. New geochronological data confirm that the Nannihu intrusion was formed by at least two phases of magmatism including the granite porphyry (zircon U-Pb age of 145 ± 2 Ma) and the porphyritic monzogranite (zircon U-Pb ages of 142 ± 1 Ma and 140 ± 1 Ma), which accompanied by two episodes of Mo mineralization at the Nannihu deposit identified by molybdenite Re-Os dating (144.9 ± 0.7 Ma and 142.8 ± 0.6 Ma). The Luotuoshan deposit and Lengshuibeigou deposit formed at 141 ± 1 Ma to 140 ± 1 Ma and 140 ± 3 Ma to 139 ± 3 Ma revealed by U-Pb dating of garnet and monazite, respectively, which are contemporaneous with the late episode of the Nannihu intrusion and Mo mineralization. Pyrite grains of the three deposits have Co/Ni ratios higher than 1, suggesting a unified magmatic-hydrothermal origin for them. Pyrite from Nannihu and Luotuoshan is enriched in Co, Ni, Se, Mo, Mn, and Bi, whereas pyrite from Lengshuibeigou contains high Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Ag, and Au. The regular elemental distribution of pyrite in the Nannihu ore field is consistent with that of typical porphyry-related systems worldwide. Collectively, the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks and diverse deposits in the Nannihu ore field make up a giant magmatic-hydrothermal Mo-W-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag metallogenic system, with the porphyry, skarn, and epithermal types of mineralization displaying a zonation from inside to outside. The multi-episode magmatism and mineralization could result in the remarkable enrichment of mineral resources. The close spatial relationship among different types of mineralization in the Nannihu ore field has a significant implication for porphyry-related mineral prospecting in the southern NCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• China's NOCs go global balancing profitability and national energy security. • The state as an extra-firm actor matters in the globalization process of lead firms. • FABS firms assist China's NOCs in cross-listing in world cities and registering in offshore jurisdictions. • Geopolitical risks arise from and significantly impact both GPNs and GFNs. • The case study reveals the intersection of state–firm nexus, global financial networks, and geopolitical risks. Both the "going global" strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative have prompted Chinese companies to carry out overseas investment and global financing. China's three major national oil companies (NOCs), China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec), and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) have pursued "modernization through globalization" while balancing profitability and national energy security. This paper attempts to shed some light on NOCs' going global process by integrating global production networks' (GPNs) extra-firm (state–firm) relations and global financial networks' (GFNs) emphasis on world cities and financial and advanced business services providers. Going global, however, has also increased NOCs' geopolitical risks, resulting in a retreat from the financial centers of world cities and a return home. This paper contributes to the GPN/GFN literature by examining the interactions between lead firms from developing economies and extra-firm actors while also emphasizing the increasing significance of geopolitical risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and ischemic stroke. Design. We collected a range of data from 11,495 residents (aged ≥35 years; 54.28% female) residing in rural areas of northeast China between January and August 2013, including fasting lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the correlation between AIP and ischemic stroke. Category-free analysis was used to determine whether AIP enhanced our capacity to estimate ischemic stroke. Results. Irrespective of gender, AIP was independently associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke. The prevalence of ischemic stroke increased significantly from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile (females: 10.5%-48.7%, P < 0.001 ; males: 22.0%-36.5%, P = 0.08). After adjusting for age, gender, income, education, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and a family history of stroke, we found that for every 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in AIP, there was a 34.8% and 20.9% increase in the prevalence of stroke for females and males, respectively. Curve fitting was also used to evaluate the linear relationship between AIP and the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Category-free analysis indicated that AIP significantly enhanced our ability to estimate ischemic stroke in both females (NRI (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.188 (0.105-0.270)) and males (NRI (95% CI): 0.175 (0.017-0.333)). Conclusion. Analyses detected a significant and positive linear relationship between AIP and the prevalence of ischemic stroke. This relationship was independent of a range of conventional risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common and fatal malignancy, which has posed a great challenge to public health, especially in China. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs is involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of multiple cancers including ESCC. However, little is known about the function of MIR205HG in ESCC. Methods: We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression level of MIR205HG, miR-214, and SOX4 in human ESCC tissues and cell lines. Loss-of-functional assays were performed to test the impact of MIR205HG on cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis process via CCK-8, transwell, and flow cell cytometry assays. Additionally, the downstream molecular mechanism of MIR205HG in ESCC was explored. Results: Here, we found MIR205HG was substantially up-regulated in ESCC, and there was a positive correlation between MIR205HG expression and tumor size and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC patients. Inhibition of MIR205HG attenuated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing MIR205HG increased G1 phase cell counts and decreased S phase cell counts, along with increased apoptotic cell populations. Notably, the rescue assays indicated that miR-214 could partly reverse the influence of MIR205HG on ESCC cell migration. We also found that SOX4 was a direct target mRNA of miR-214, and MIR205HG could act as a molecular sponge to regulate SOX4 expression in ESCC. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MIR205HG promotes ESCC progression by regulating the miR-214/SOX4 axis. MIR205HG may be a novel candidate target for ESCC diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of cancer patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is steadily rising. Little is known about the nutritional status of this population. This study characterized the nutritional status and survival of cancer patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. Methods: A total of 8247 cancer patients were prospectively enrolled from 72 hospitals in China and followed until August 2019. A global estimation of the nutritional status was performed for each participant using standardized tools. The outcomes were cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The incidence of diabetes was 7.6% in the whole population. In comparison with the non‐DM group, the DM group had greater body weight, but a similar fat‐free mass, a lower handgrip strength and a decreased Karnofsky performance score. A higher proportion of patients with diabetes were overweight/obese as indicated by BMI. The percentage of patients who were at risk of malnutrition (evaluated by PG‐SGA) was higher in the DM group (score ≥ 4, 56.7% vs 52.9%). Patients with DM showed a worse CSS (4‐year CSS, 62% vs 73%) and OS (4‐year OS 39% vs 52%). Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of both cancer‐specific (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.282, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.070‐1.536) and overall (HR = 1.206, 95% CI 1.040‐1.399) mortality. Conclusions: Cancer patients with diabetes had a larger body mass but lower muscle strength, poorer performance status and higher incidence of malnourishment. Diabetes was associated with compromised survival. Tailored nutritional intervention is necessary for this subpopulation of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is rare and the prognosis is poor if not detected early. The diagnosis is often delayed owing to non-specific clinical presentation, misdiagnosis and undiagnosed maternal TB during pregnancy. A 12-day-old girl presented with a 5-day history of fever, cough, poor feeding and respiratory distress. Her mother had a cough and fever at 30 weeks gestation which was managed empirically as community-acquired pneumonia without a TB workup. Immediately postpartum, her mother developed a high fever and shortness of breath and required admission to the intensive care unit. The infant was separated from her mother after delivery. The infant's chest radiograph showed bilateral miliary nodules. Thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes and congenital TB was suspected. Early morning gastric aspirate and sputum (obtained through a suction tube) were positive for acid-fast bacilli on smear microscopy and subsequently Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from both specimens. Lumbar puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was compatible with TB meningitis. TB-polymerase chain reaction (TB-PCR) was positive. Her mother was diagnosed with miliary TB on postpartum day 17. Both were given anti-TB chemotherapy. Unfortunately, despite the treatment, the infant died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by congenital TB at the age of 14 days. This case highlights the importance of screening pregnant women for TB in regions where it is highly prevalent. A high index of suspicion of maternal and congenital TB is critical to early diagnosis, especially in such regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As energy saving and emission reduction become a global action, the disparity in energy intensity between different regions is a new rising problem that stems a country's or region's energy‐saving potential. Here we collect China's provincial panel data (1995–2017) of primary and final energy consumption to evaluate China's unequal and polarized regional pattern in energy intensity, decompose the inequality index into contributing components, and investigate possible driving factors behind the unequal pattern both regionally and structurally, for the first time. The results show that China's interprovince disparities in energy intensity increase and are exacerbated by the enlarging disparities in energy intensity between the least developed and most developed regions of China. The causes for this phenomenon are as follows: (i) rather loose regulatory measures on mitigating coal consumption; (ii) inferior energy processing technology in areas specializing in energy‐intensive industries; (iii) increasing interregional energy fluxes embodied in trade; and (iv) separate jurisdictions at provincial administrative levels. These factors can synthetically result in unintended spillover to areas with inferior green technologies, suggesting an increasingly uneven distribution of energy‐intensive and carbon‐intensive industries and usage of clean energy. The results reveal the necessities of regional coordination and cooperation to achieve a green economy. Key Points: This study aims to explore the regional disparities in energy intensity and its driving factors both regionally and structurallyRegional disparities in energy intensities are enlarging, especially after China introduced more stringent energy conservation policyThe causes are ineffective regulatory measures, unbalanced technologies, interregional energy fluxes, and separate jurisdictions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry data, and petrographic observations are presented for three granitic dykes in the Changlingzi area of NE China. These data provide precise age and petrogenesis information with respect to the late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic intrusions in the area, which further constrain the geodynamic evolution of the southern Great Xing'an Range. Our zircon U–Pb data denote that the felsic dykes were emplaced during the Late Permian (~254 Ma) and Late Jurassic (143–142 Ma). Geochemically, the Late Permian monzonite porphyries are characterized by high Al2O3 (16.52–16.92 wt%) and Sr (490–579 ppm) contents and low Yb (0.52–0.57 ppm), Y (5.7–6.3 ppm), and heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents, which indicate an adakitic affinity. The Late Jurassic felsic dykes are characterized by high FeOt/MgO (8.2–11.9) and Ga/Al (3.3–3.8) ratios, high zircon saturation temperatures (888–929°C), and remarkable negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.25–0.42) anomalies, indicating they are akin to A‐type granites. The Late Permian adakitic magma resulted from the partial melting of thickened lower crust, and was formed during collisional orogenesis related to subduction of Palaeo‐Asian Ocean crust. The Late Jurassic A‐type magmas were probably generated by the partial melting of amphibolite‐facies lower crustal materials. The melting occurred in response to the upwelling of asthenospheric material caused by collapse of thickened crust, due to gravitational instability during closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Subsequently, the latest stage of magmatic activity in this area and elsewhere in NE China was controlled mainly by subduction of Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed perception tests are already used in several countries as part of the driver licensing curriculum; however, this test is not compulsively required in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between speed perception and eye movement for different driver groups. Forty-eight drivers, including 28 crash-involved (CI), with rear-end or side collisions, and 20 crash-not-involved (CNI) drivers, were recruited for the speed perception experiments. Drivers' reaction characteristics as well as eye movement data were analyzed. The results showed that CI drivers were more likely to overestimate the speed of visual stimuli and react in advance. The speed perception of CI drivers was more accurate than that of CNI drivers for visual stimuli with middle to high moving speeds, indicating that CNI drivers are more cautious and conservative when driving. Regarding eye movement, significant differences in saccade speed were found between the CI and CNI drivers in the occlusion area under high speed and the occlusion ratio. The relationship between visual pattern and speed perception accuracy was found to some extent. Implications of the speed perception test for the driver aptitude test were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• O2O development strategies are adopted to sustain WEEE collection business in China. • Three typical cases of O2O WEEE collection are analyzed using Business Model Canvas. • O2O model develops proper systems and channels to support the three flows. • Mechanisms of participation, cooperation and profit are built in O2O model. • O2O model reduces transaction costs, expands collection scope and scale, and is eco-friendlier. WEEE has become a global focus because of its environmental pollution and human health risk and the valuable resources contained. China's ban on solid waste imports reconstructs the global WEEE flow, leading to a more complicated situation for global WEEE recycling that asks for innovative development. The advanced development of the Internet opens new doors to WEEE collection-the first step of recycling, O2O (integrating online platform and offline collection) development strategies are adopted by many companies in China. The exploration of the new model and experiences of WEEE collection in China can provide lessons for other countries. In this study, we decode the business model of three typical cases in China using Business Model Canvas, and discuss and summarize the types, structure characteristics, operating mechanisms and effects of O2O WEEE collection model. The results show that: there are three typical types of O2O WEEE collection model in China, first one derived from internet corporate, second one derived from recycling corporate and third one served as a third-party platform. To ensure the fluency and sustaining of information flow, material flow, and fund flow, O2O WEEE collection model builds information support platforms with user-friendly interfaces, various distribution channels, and accurate pricing systems. To operate the business smoothly, attractive participation mechanism, cooperation mechanism, and multi-level profit mechanism have been constructed. The O2O WEEE collection model enjoys popularity in the capital market and customers for reducing the transaction costs, expanding the collection scope and scale and contributing to efficient and effective WEEE recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ~100,000 km2 granitoid belt in the Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Ranges (LXZR) is an important component of the Phanerozoic granitic provinces (known as the 'granitoid ocean') in NE China. To reveal the mechanisms of Mesozoic magmatism and crustal growth in the LXZR, we present systematic geologic data, lithofacies information, zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and element geochemical data for the Dong'an granites in the northern LXZR. The results show the following: (1) the Dong'an granites can be subdivided into three lithofacies, namely, medium- to coarse-grained alkali-feldspar granite, fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite, and granitic aplite, which were emplaced during the Early Jurassic (187–178 Ma); (2) the Dong'an granites are characterized by high SiO2 and total alkali contents and low Fe2O3t contents and Mg# values, and they are enriched in LILEs (e.g., Rb and K) and depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb and Ta); and (3) the zircons from these granites yield εHf(t) values of −2.4 to +5.7 and two-stage model ages of 772–1542 Ma. These results indicate that the Dong'an granites were emplaced during the Early Jurassic, are highly fractionated I-type (HFI) granites and were likely derived from partial melting of the thickened lower crust. Regionally, the Dong'an granites and the Early-Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks (201–163 Ma; 90,000 km2) in the LXZR show a trend of comagmatic evolution controlled by fractional crystallization, and they were successively emplaced during magma evolution. The HFI granites that are geochemically similar to the Dong'an granites formed in the later stage of magma evolution. Combined with regional geological observations, we conclude that the granitic rocks in the LXZR formed in an active continental margin setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. This process may record an important episode of crustal accretion in the LXZR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A three-dimension model is developed to evaluate high-tech urban mines in China. • Future trends of high-tech urban mines in China are divided into four types. • Distribution of high-tech urban mines shows a trend of polarization, with shrinks of the range along all the three indexes. • Specific strategies - key development, digestion, reserve and transfer - should be adopted. High-tech metals are necessary materials for strategic emerging industries but their primary ores are generally difficult to be extracted because of economic and technical limitations. Urban mines have become a potential pool of secondary high-tech metals, called high-tech urban mines (HUMs). It is important and urgent to make a dynamic evaluation to understand the potential and technical feasibility for HUMs development. In this study, we construct the strategic development index (SDI) from three aspects - resource, technology, and environmental (R-T-E) to assess HUMs in China from 2015 to 2050. Furthermore, development strategies are proposed based on the dynamic evaluation results. Here we show that, there are four patterns of future trends of HUMs in China - sustainable growth, first increase and then decrease, continuous decline, and fading out. The distribution of HUMs in "R-T-E" shows a trend of polarization with continuously shrinks of the range along all the three indexes. According to the evaluation results, different strategies - key development strategy, digestion strategy, reserve strategy and transfer strategy - should be adopted to develop HUMs. Wind turbines, fluorescence lamps, smartphones, EVs, Li-ion batteries and computers will be main reservoirs of secondary high-tech metals for a long time, they should be the focus of technology, funds and policy from both the government and enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to rapidly growing number of old adults and diminishing supportive functions of family in China, the issue of willingness to use institutional care is of high priority, especially for disabled seniors. The objective of this study is to compare the willingness of institutional care and its determinants between disabled and non-disabled seniors in China.Methods: 2493 seniors (60+) were randomly selected from a cross-sectional study conducted in three urban districts and three rural counties in Jiangsu Province. Binary logistic regression model was employed to examine differences towards the preference for institutional care between two subgroups, and to identify factors associated with willingness of institutional care between disabled and non-disabled seniors.Results: Of 2493 respondents, 402 (16.1%) were disabled seniors. Overall, 14.2% of the participants had willingness for institutional care in Jiangsu, China. The willingness for institutional care among non-disabled seniors (OR = 0.513; 95%CI 0.387-9.680) was significantly lower than that among disabled ones. The preference for institutional care of both disabled and non-disabled seniors was associated with household income. The willingness of institutional care was also related to age, education and living arrangement among disabled seniors. Meanwhile, non-disabled seniors who had non-communicable diseases were found to be more likely to choose elder care in institution.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the willingness for institutional care among disabled seniors was significantly higher than that among non-disabled ones. Household income was determinant of utilization willingness for institutionalization both in disabled and non-disable seniors. Different policies should be made or modified for disabled and non-disabled seniors separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the progression of dialysis techniques,  the mortality of hemodialysis (HD) patients is still high in China. Here, a retrospective study was performed to investigate the neglected risk factors of all-cause mortality during maintenance HD (MHD). Methods: We investigated 117 MHD patients who died between 2011 and 2016 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University HD center. In order to analyze the risk factors of 48 months all-cause death, the methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used. Results: Multivariate analyses of adjusted age and gender showed that MHD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <7 or >10 mL/min/1.73 m2 and anemia (hemoglobin <100 g/L) at the initiation of dialysis are independently associated with the higher death risk. Using central venous catheter vascular access, cerebrovascular comorbidities, diabetes, low-flux dialyzer, and dialysis frequency ≤2 times weekly were also the independent risk factors of death within 48 months. Conclusions: This study indicated that the status of HD initiation is a risk factor of long-term survival in MHD patients, which were usually ignored for lacking of nephrology care prior and could potentially be identified and modified to improve the survival prognosis. Video Journal Club "Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco" at  https://www.karger.com/Journal/ArticleNews/223997?sponsor=52 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the 21 century, in order to effectively solve the problem of declining offshore living resources, maritime countries have started to exploit deep-sea marine bioresources to provide a substantial resource foundation for fisheries development, marine medicine research and genetic research. Recently, due to the unbalanced distribution of resources and technologies in the world, the deep-sea bioresources cooperative development projects have successively been initiated among countries. In the present study, in order to speed up the deep sea research processes in China and promote the international cooperation, the factors that affect the international cooperative development for deep-sea bioresources were identified firstly. Nine factors were identified as funding level, technical level, policy, politics and diplomacy, economy, resources, ecology, geography and culture. The ternary fuzzy DEMATEL method was used to analyze the impact level of these factors. According to prominence, the direct influences of the factors were analyzed. The top three influencing factors are economic environment, politics and diplomacy environment, and technical level, while ecological environment has the least impact. According to relation, the indirect influences of the factors were also identified, revealing that policy, political and diplomacy, economy, geography, culture environment and resources level have indirect influence. It was suggested that these six factors firstly influence the other three factors, and then the six factors indirectly influence the international cooperative development for deep-sea bioresources. Based on the above analysis, from the aspects of economy, political diplomacy, policy, funding, culture, ecology and the relationship among the influencing factors, suggestions were put forward to promote the rapid and sustainable development of the international cooperative development for deep sea marine bioresources. Highlights • Impact degrees of influencing factors were analyzed with ternary fuzzy DEMATEL method. • Economic environment, politics and diplomacy environment, and technical level are the major influencing factors. • Strategy and measures especially economic globalization were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the increase in energy consumption in China, the influential factors and contributions to such increase have received more attention. In this paper, the decomposition of energy consumption and energy intensity in China from 1995 to 2015 was conducted by using a complete decomposition model. This study focuses on regional difference, which is not in line with the existing studies. The decomposition results indicate that the economic growth has a significant driving effect on the energy consumption, while the energy intensity effect reduces the growth of the total energy consumption. The structural effect plays a negative role but has less effect on the growth of the energy consumption. The contribution rate on the growth of the energy consumption in the eastern region gradually decreases. However, in the western region it grows fast and even exceeds that of the eastern region to become the highest energy consumption area in China in 2010–2015. The energy intensity declines substantially in China. It is mainly due to the improvement of regional energy efficiency and negligible contribution from the structural effect. In conclusion, the energy consumption and energy intensity in China follow different forms in different regions. Therefore, the application of differentiated regional energy policies is preferable over a single national energy policy. Highlights • The changes in energy consumption at the regional level were decomposed. • The influential factors of energy consumption variation and energy intensity variation in China was studied. • The coupling relationship between China's economic growth and energy consumption growth has gradually weakened. • We find that the western region become the area of China with the highest energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is an antiepileptic drug metabolised to active 10-monohydroxy derivative (MHD) following oral administration. There are no MHD population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models that describe the influence of genetic factors on MHD pharmacokinetics (PK). We developed a PPK model of MHD to investigate gene polymorphism of enzymes associated with MHD PK in Chinese paediatric epilepsy patients and evaluated its utility for dose individualisation.Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 141 paediatric epilepsy patients (aged ≤ 14 years) who received OXC therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The trough concentrations at steady state were determined by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. Patients were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (UGT2B7 802T>C, UGT1A9 I399C>T, ABCB1 3435C>T, and ABCB2 1249G>A). Patient gender, age, body weight (BW), hepatorenal function, and co-administrations were recorded. The PPK model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling software. The clinical performance of the final model was evaluated by including additional paediatric patients (n = 20) in the validation group.Results: Oral clearance of MHD was significantly influenced by BW. The MHD PK was unrelated to the other covariates, such as the four single nucleotide polymorphisms and co-administration with new-generation antiepileptic drugs. The final BW-dependent exponent model showed the best fit with our data and predicted the trough concentrations in the validation group more accurately than the basic model. A new dosing strategy combining the dosage guideline and Bayesian method is proposed to individualise OXC regimens.Conclusion: A PPK model was established to estimate individual MHD clearance in paediatric patients taking OXC to develop individualised OXC dosing regimens for Chinese paediatric epilepsy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract High-tech minerals are essential for strategic emerging industries, and urban mines have become principal potential reservoirs of secondary high-tech mineral resources. In order to evaluate high-tech urban mines to understand their criticality and determine their potential and priority for high-tech minerals recovery, this paper develops a model with three dimensions - resource index, technology index, and environmental index. This model is applied to data from China, and a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to estimate uncertainty. The results show that high-tech urban mines in China are divided into three clusters. The first cluster includes urban mines which have high scores in all three indices, they should be the top priority of collection and recycling. The second cluster covers high-tech urban mines with middle scores in resource index and technology index, and environmental index span from low to high. They are important second resources reservoirs of high-tech metals and should be paid significant attention. In the third cluster, high-tech urban mines have low scores in all three indices, they are not the focus of development but can't be ignored. Spent batteries, mobile phones and magnet motors are key reservoirs of high-tech metals. Furtherly, this paper presents that the evaluation model construction and evaluation results are deeply affected by consumption behavior, technology level, industrial development and the policy direction of the country. Based on the results, this paper proposes that urban mining should be treated as a national strategy to release the dual constraints of resources and environment, catalogue of key urban mining should be made, and to build a dynamic evaluation system and adjust the catalogue over time, and develop technologies for more effective and environment-friendly extraction material of urban mines. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A three-dimension model is developed to evaluate high-tech urban mines in China. • High-tech urban mines in China are divided into three clusters. • Spent batteries, mobile phones and magnet motors are key reservoirs of high-tech metals. • The evaluation is deeply affected by country's actual conditions, and industrial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tourism activities, tourists’ responsible environmental behaviors (REB) are the result of human’s interaction with environment. Most past studies about tourists’ REB paid attention to tourists’ individual factors while the influences of situational factors of sightseeing places on tourists’ REB were left out. Environmental interpretations are the significant component and the main situational factor of tourism environment. This research uses the theory of planned behavior; takes the Huangshan Mountain scenic spot in China as the case-study place based on 534 questionnaire survey samples of tourists; and adopts the method of structural equation model-multiple group analysis (SEM-MGA) to explore the moderating role of environmental interpretations in the sightseeing place on the relationship between tourists’ responsible environmental behavioral intentions (REBI) and REB. Results indicate that (1) tourists’ attitudes toward environmental behaviors and subjective norms positively affect their REBI; their perceived behavioral control positively affects their REBI and REB, and their REBI positively affect REB; (2) environmental interpretations in the sightseeing place positively moderate the relationship between tourists’ REBI and REB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The China Seas possess a variety of marine bioresources; however, many problems have been caused by exploitation and mismanagement of the resources, ecosystem and environment. In present study, the status of Chinese marine bioresources, as well as the issues of exploitation and utilization of resources were analyzed and discussed. Over-fishing, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have resulted in the destruction of bioresources, especially acute degradation of fisheries, as well as a series of impacts such as deterioration of the environment, loss of habitat, decline of biodiversity, imbalance of the marine ecosystem and a reduction of productivity. Precious marine bioresources have been diminished by commercial inadequate processing and insufficient utilization. The principle of protective exploitation and other feasible strategies and management measures were proposed for the conservation, rehabilitation and utilization of marine bioresources in China. There is an urgent need for research on the bioresources and eco-environment of the China Seas, in order to establish controls and administration for protection of the marine environment and conservation of bioresources. It will be necessary to ensure compliance with fishing quota licenses to preserve marine fishery resources. Any exploitation of marine bioresources must be managed scientifically and implement the use of the latest advances in marine biotechnology. Highlights • The status of Chinese offshore marine bioresources was investigated and discussed. • The principle for protective exploitation and sustainable development was proposed. • The study offers basis for exploitation and utilization of Chinese marine bioresources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-tech minerals are key raw materials in national strategic emerging industries. Waste mobile phones contain a variety of high-tech minerals. With rapid economic development and improvements in living standards, mobile phones are becoming one of the most commonly used electronic devices among all electrical and electronic products. Since 2004, China has been world's largest mobile phone-producing and phone-consuming country, and correspondingly, it has generated excessive waste. In this paper, the dynamic material flow method and the Weibull distribution are used to analyze the quantity of waste mobile phones generated and the quantities of the high-tech minerals they contain based on the differentiation between feature phones and smartphones. Additionally, future trends regarding high-tech minerals in waste mobile phones are predicted using a market supply A model. Our research results show an increasing trend of waste mobile phone generation, indicating that a considerable amount of the high-tech minerals they contain can be recycled. Finally, the following recommendations were proposed to further improve the management and development system of waste mobile phones in China: the development of a high-tech mineral data base is urgent; policies should be formulated and implemented by governments to improve the overall waste management system; the ecological design of products should be improved by manufacturers; dismantling and refining technologies should be enhanced by recycling companies to improve the recycling rate; and the public awareness of recycling should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the actor-network theory perspective, this study aims to explore how e-waste online recycling platforms build their business ecosystems through symbiotic strategies. A double-case comparative research has been conducted based on the two selected typical e-waste online recycling platforms in China. The study's findings show that translation plays a significant role in the process of symbiotic strategies promoting the construction of e-waste online recycling business ecosystems. This research proposes that translation is an important action for the implementation of the symbiotic strategy. The different symbiotic strategies need to be implemented in different translation ways. Platforms derived from an Internet company (PDICs), which prefer a mutualistic symbiotic strategy, usually adopt value cocreation translation through the following four steps: scenario definition, benefit sharing, emotional connection, and digital empowerment. Platforms derived from a recycling company (PDRCs)with a predatory symbiotic strategy adopt value capture translation through four steps: pain point identification, benefit allocation, the reputation effect, and rule reconstruction. We found that the difference in translation action triggers a difference in the structural elements of the business ecosystem. Then, two types of e-waste online recycling business ecosystems, embedded and central, are constructed. • The process of e-waste online recycling business ecosystem construction through a symbiotic strategy was revealed. • Translation patterns and actions of e-waste online recycling platform's symbiotic strategy are described in detail. • The types of actors and network structure in e-waste online recycling business ecosystem are described quantitatively. • Management suggestions for e-waste online recycling platform enterprises to construct business ecosystems were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are three categories of deceased donors of kidney transplantation in China, donation after brain death ( DBD), donation after circulatory death ( DCD), and donation after brain death followed by circulatory death ( DBCD) donors. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of kidney transplantation from these three categories of deceased donors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 469 recipients who received deceased kidney transplantation in our hospital from February 2007 to June 2015. The recipients were divided into three groups according to the source of their donor kidneys: DBD, DCD, or DBCD. The primary endpoints were delayed graft function ( DGF), graft loss, and patient death. Results The warm ischemia time was much longer in DCD group compared to DBCD group (18.4 minutes vs 12.9 minutes, P < .001). DGF rate was higher in DCD group than in DBD and DBCD groups (22.5% vs 10.2% and 13.8%, respectively, P = .021). Urinary leakage was much higher in DCD group ( P = .049). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 1-, 2-, and 3-year patient survivals were all comparable among the three groups. Conclusion DBCD kidney transplantation has lower incidences of DGF and urinary leakage than DCD kidney transplant. However, the overall patient and graft survival were comparable among DBD, DCD, and DBCD kidney transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) is related to a low cardiovascular disease risk profile. This study aimed to investigate CVH metrics with both the biomarkers and markers of subclinical impairments of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in subjects from central south China.Methods: The ideal CVH score (non-smoking status; ideal body mass index; regular physical activity; healthy diet; and an optimal serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose profile; 1 point for each; total score: 0-7) was collected from 3009 participants without a history of CVDs. Subclinical biomarkers were assessed using C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and microalbuminuria. The presence of subclinical disease markers was defined as having at least one of the following: increased carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or a reduced ankle-brachial index. The association of biomarkers and markers with the CVH score was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression and linear regression analyses.Results: Only 0.2% of the study participants met all 7 ideal CVH metrics (CVH score = 7). Compared to the female participants, the male participants had poorer CVH profiles and a higher incidence of subclinical lesions (P < 0.05). In the fully adjusted models, per 1-unit increase in the CVH score was inversely associated with the biomarker levels (β = -0.092 - -0.224, P < 0.05 for all) and the odds of the presence of markers (odds ratio, 0.808; 95% confidence interval, 0.755-0.865). Similar relationships were observed in the gender subgroups and were stronger in the females.Conclusion: A clear inverse association was observed between the biomarkers or markers of subclinical impairments and the CVH score in a central south Chinese population, implying the importance of ideal CVH for the primordial prevention of CVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]