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2. Dear Diary: It was just a paper bag Login or create an account
- Author
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Altarejos, Amanda
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Apple ,News, opinion and commentary ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
Byline: Amanda Altarejos This column combines the intimacy of a diary-like narrative with the writer's own experiences of things little in life and things big: politics and culture. Dear Diary, [...]
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- 2023
3. Effect of Paper-Bagging on Apple Skin Patterning Associated with MdMYB10 Promoter Methylation
- Author
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Hye Jeong Cho, A Reum Han, and Cheol Choi
- Subjects
anthocyanin ,apple ,bag treatment ,DNA methylation ,MYB transcription factor ,skin patterning ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Paper-bagging is an efficient method to maximize apple skin color, but a relationship between this technique and fruit skin patterning has not been demonstrated. Here, the ‘Fuji’ fruit with red-striped skin changed to red-blushed skin under re-exposure to light after bag treatment. Higher expression of MdMYB10, a transcription factor that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apples, correlated with increased anthocyanin concentration in bag removal fruit. At the mature stage, a comparison of methylation status in the MdMYB10 promoter revealed that the methylation level in the region from −2585 to −2117 bp was reduced in bag removal fruit, especially for CHG context. It can be regulated by the downregulated expression of DNA methyltransferases such as MdMET, MdCMT, and MdDRM. Our results suggest that the bag removal treatment in this cultivar causes a change in skin patterning from striped to blushed pigmentation by inducing DNA demethylation of MdMYB10.
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- 2022
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4. Effect of Paper-Bagging on Apple Skin Patterning Associated with MdMYB10 Promoter Methylation.
- Author
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Cho, Hye Jeong, Han, A Reum, and Choi, Cheol
- Subjects
- *
FRUIT skins , *DNA methyltransferases , *METHYLATION , *DNA demethylation , *TRANSCRIPTION factors - Abstract
Paper-bagging is an efficient method to maximize apple skin color, but a relationship between this technique and fruit skin patterning has not been demonstrated. Here, the 'Fuji' fruit with red-striped skin changed to red-blushed skin under re-exposure to light after bag treatment. Higher expression of MdMYB10, a transcription factor that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apples, correlated with increased anthocyanin concentration in bag removal fruit. At the mature stage, a comparison of methylation status in the MdMYB10 promoter revealed that the methylation level in the region from −2585 to −2117 bp was reduced in bag removal fruit, especially for CHG context. It can be regulated by the downregulated expression of DNA methyltransferases such as MdMET, MdCMT, and MdDRM. Our results suggest that the bag removal treatment in this cultivar causes a change in skin patterning from striped to blushed pigmentation by inducing DNA demethylation of MdMYB10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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5. Grower Trials Grab-and-Go Paper Pack for Larger Apples
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Farmers ,Apple ,Construction and materials industries - Abstract
Wash.-based tree fruit grower and packer Stemilt Growers is trialing a new-to-the-U.S.-market, grab-and-go paperboard package for its larger-sized fruitapples, in particularthat offers consumers a curbside-recyclable option for bulk fruit and [...]
- Published
- 2022
6. Sensory-directed approach to explore cider typicity: the case of ciders from the Canary Islands (Spain)
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Di Fede, Roberto Salvatore, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Marivel, Parga-Dans, Eva, Alonso Gonzalez, Pablo, Fernández-Zurbano, Purificación, Peña del Olmo, María Cristina, and Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar
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- 2024
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7. How to successfully compete in modern export fruit markets? Lessons from a leading export producer in Argentina
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Stubrin, Lilia Inés, Marin, Anabel, Yeyati Preiss, Lara, and Palacín Roitbarg, Rocío
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- 2022
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8. Drivers of liking and value perception for a new apple cultivar in Italy
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Rivaroli, Sergio, Spadoni, Roberta, Tartarini, Stefano, Gregori, Roberto, Riedel, Bettina, Draicchio, Paola, Folini, Luca, Altintzoglou, Themistoklis, and Canavari, Maurizio
- Published
- 2023
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9. APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING.
- Author
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Dokic, Kristian, Mikolcevic, Hrvoje, and Snajder, Ivica
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DEEP learning ,CYBERNETICS ,APPLE growing ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks - Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of papers related to machine learning and the application of machine learning in various fields of science. Belmonte et al. observed that between 2010 and 2018, the growth in the number of papers related to machine learning topics and big data was exponential. They analysed 4240 scientific publications from the Web of Science citation database [1]. Xu et al., in the analysis of publications in the International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, noted that from 2010 to 2017, the number of publications, the cooperation rate, the total number of authors, and the degree of cooperation had shown an increasing trend [2]. Dokic et al. analysed the publication of papers in which deep learning is applied in the field of agriculture and noticed that the first papers were published in 2014, and in the second half of the second decade of the 21st century, exponential growth in the number of published papers was observed [3]. The objectives of this paper are primarily to analyze the literature related to the application of deep learning in apple growing, to propose the division of these papers depending on the area, and to analyze the observed trends in publishing papers related to this topic. In the analysis, only papers published in scientific journals were considered, and the condition is that they be found in the citation databases of the Web of Science or Scopus. The second section gives a brief overview of deep learning and its development and a presentation of the importance of apple growing in agriculture. The third section is an overview of papers that use deep learning methods and solve some problems in growing apples. The third section is divided into four parts, depending on the area the paper deals with. The fourth section is a discussion and conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Social media analytics for end-users' expectation management in information systems development projects
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Banerjee, Snehasish, Singh, Jyoti Prakash, Dwivedi, Yogesh K., and Rana, Nripendra P.
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- 2021
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11. Brand repulsion: consumers’ boundary work with rejected brands
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Dessart, Laurence and Cova, Bernard
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- 2021
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12. People, Paths, and Paper.
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Baker, Mary
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ANIMATED films ,UBIQUITOUS computing ,AUGMENTED reality ,HUMAN facial recognition software ,COMPUTER vision - Abstract
This installment of Notes from the Community covers the first animated feature film rendered entirely in a game engine, bad design methods, customizable tattoos, debugging paper jams, and other topics to take your mind off your worries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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13. Estimation of market equilibrium values for apple attributes
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Choi, Jong Woo, Yue, Chengyan, Luby, James, Zhao, Shuoli, Gallardo, Karina, McCracken, Vicki, and McFerson, Jim
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- 2018
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14. Exploring the therapeutic potential of apple extracts against thrombocytopenia in rat experimental models
- Author
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Abbas, Munawar, Saeed, Farhan, Arshad, Muhammad Umair, Nadeem, Muhammad Tahir, Bader-Ul-Ain, Huma, Hassan, Zohaib, and Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul
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- 2018
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15. The Evolution of the World's Most Valuable Brands in the Period 2018-2023.
- Author
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Toma, Sorin-George
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BRAND name products ,QUALITATIVE research ,ORDER picking systems - Abstract
The competition between enterprises has become more fiercely as they have the possibility to easily move across national boundaries to exploit opportunities in other countries or markets. The turbulent market environment imposes enterprises, irrespective of their size, industry and geographical region, to permanently adapt to its everchanging conditions. This is why they have tried to identify and implement various techniques and methods in their activities and processes in order to attain high levels of competitiveness. One of them is branding, a powerful marketing tool and an important aspect of any business. The paper aims to briefly define the brand concept and present the evolution of ten world's most valuable brands in the period 2018-2023. In this respect, the author used a qualitative research method. The results of the paper concludes that the American brands have dominated the hierarchy. Amazon and Apple were the two main competitors for the global supremacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
16. 基于图像融合的不同成熟阶段苹果果实识别.
- Author
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刘茗洋, 崔凯, 宫金良, and 张彦斐
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. An apple a day keeps the doctor away? - a review of health benefits of apples.
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Bator, Piotr, Razik, Michał, Rozwadowska, Patrycja, Ramian, Jan, Rybak, Jakub, Magiera, Barbara, Magiera, Karol, Grabowska-Szczurek, Martyna, Grabarczyk, Alicja, and Razik, Wiktor
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PHYSICIANS ,DIETARY fiber ,WELL-being ,APPLE growing ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,ORCHARDS ,APPLES - Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Apples are a widely consumed fruit globally and are known to be a great source of nutrition. Studies have shown that apples contain high levels of antioxidants, dietary fiber, and vitamins that contribute to numerous health benefits. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of apples on human health. State of knowledge: The paper reviews the current literature on the health benefits of apples, focusing on their impact on various health conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Additionally, it examines the role of apples in improving intestinal, immune, and cognitive function. The paper also discusses the potential mechanisms by which apples exert their health benefits, such as high levels of flavonoids, polyphenols, and dietary fiber. Summary: In conclusion, the vast body of evidence reviewed in this paper supports the notion that consuming apples regularly can contribute to better health outcomes. They may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, as well as promote healthy gut microbiota and immune function. Despite the controversy surrounding the use of pesticides in apple cultivation, the benefits of consuming apples outweigh the risks. Therefore, it is highly recommended to include apples as part of a balanced and nutritious diet to promote optimal health and wellbeing. As the saying goes, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Auxin‐activated MdARF5 induces the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes to initiate apple fruit ripening
- Author
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Hui Yuan, Aide Wang, Liu Zhi, Weiting Liu, Tianxing Lv, Haidong Bu, Pengtao Yue, Yaxiu Xu, Qian Lu, and Xinyue Li
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Malus ,Ethylene ,Physiology ,fruit ripening ,apple ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Auxin ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,ethylene ,ARF5 ,Transcription factor ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,DNA methylation ,biology ,Full Paper ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Chemistry ,Research ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Promoter ,Ripening ,Full Papers ,Ethylenes ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Fruit ,Plant hormone ,Climacteric ,auxin ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Summary The gaseous plant hormone ethylene induces the ripening of climacteric fruit, including apple (Malus domestica). Another phytohormone, auxin, is known to promote ethylene production in many horticultural crops, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.Here, we found that auxin application induces ethylene production in apple fruit before the stage of commercial harvest, when they are not otherwise capable of ripening naturally.The expression of MdARF5, a member of the auxin response factor transcription factor (TF) family involved in the auxin signaling pathway, was enhanced by treatment with the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Further studies revealed that MdARF5 binds to the promoter of MdERF2, encoding a TF in the ethylene signaling pathway, as well as the promoters of two 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) genes (MdACS3a and MdACS1) and an ACC oxidase (ACO) gene, MdACO1, all of which encode key steps in ethylene biosynthesis, thereby inducing their expression. We also observed that auxin‐induced ethylene production was dependent on the methylation of the MdACS3a promoter.Our findings reveal that auxin induces ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit through activation of MdARF5 expression.
- Published
- 2020
19. Research Progress of Rapid Non-Destructive Detection Technology in the Field of Apple Mold Heart Disease.
- Author
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Li, Yanlei, Yang, Zihao, Wang, Wenxiu, Wang, Xiangwu, Zhang, Chunzhi, Dong, Jun, Bai, Mengyu, and Hui, Teng
- Subjects
HEART diseases ,APPLE blue mold ,NEAR infrared spectroscopy ,ELECTRONIC noses ,INFRARED technology ,DIETARY fiber - Abstract
Apples are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber and are one of the essential fruits in people's daily diet. China has always been a big apple consumer, and with the improvement of people's life quality, nutrition, and health requirements, the demand for high-quality apples has increased year by year. Apple mold heart disease is one of the main diseases affecting apple quality. However, this disease cannot be easily detected from the surface, so it is difficult to detect mold heart disease. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of seven non-destructive detection technologies, including near infrared spectroscopy technology, hyperspectral technology, Raman spectroscopy technology, electronic nose technology, acoustic technology, electrical technology, and magnetic technology, summarizes their application status in the detection of apple mold heart disease, and then analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Combined with the current rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, this paper proposes the future development trends of using non-destructive technologies to detect apple mold heart disease. It is expected to provide basic theory and application references for the intelligent detection of apple mold heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Evaluation of an ohmic assisted vacuum evaporation process for orange juice pulp
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Filiz Icier and Serdal Sabanci
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Citrus ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Evaporation ,Concentrate ,Analytical chemistry ,engineering.material ,Membrane Processes ,Biochemistry ,Electrical current ,Vacuum evaporation ,Cooking ,Exergy ,Ohmic contact ,Orange juice ,Energy ,Pulp (paper) ,Apple ,Quality ,Pomegranate Juice ,Clarification ,Ohmic heating ,Heat generation ,Scientific method ,Exergy efficiency ,engineering ,Electrical-Conductivity ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
An ohmic assisted vacuum evaporation (OAVE) processes was used to concentrate orange juice from 11.4% total soluble solid content (TSSC) to 42% TSSC by applying 13 V/cm constant voltage gradient at different temperatures. The evaporation temperatures were adjusted to 100 degrees C, 85 degrees C, 75 degrees C and 65 degrees C by setting absolute system pressures of 101.32 kPa, 58 kPa, 39 kPa and 25 kPa, respectively. The total time for the processes, including heating and evaporation, was 34, 40, 48, and 54 min for 100, 85, 75, and 65 degrees C, respectively. As the evaporation temperature increased, the applied energy required for phase change decreased while maximum current values increased from 0.6 A at 65 degrees C to 2.52 A at 100 degrees C. During any given run, the current value increased as the orange juice pulp heated up, but then decreased after it began to boil, leading to a reduction in the rate of heat generation. Increasing evaporation temperature has a positive effect on evaporation rates, energy efficiency, specific water removal ratio (SWRR), exergy efficiency, and Improvement Potential (IP) (p < 0.05). The reduced energy requirement with higher temperature is partially due to reduced work from the vacuum pump at the higher absolute pressure. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers.
- Published
- 2022
21. Mapping the Preferences of Apple Consumption in Romania.
- Author
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Vlad, Ionela Mițuko, Butcaru, Ana Cornelia, Fîntîneru, Gina, Bădulescu, Liliana, Stănică, Florin, and Toma, Elena
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CONSUMER profiling ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,DATABASES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CLIMATE change ,APPLE growing - Abstract
The fruit sector in Romania and, particularly, the apple production sector, is considered to have been in decline in recent decades. Changes in the behavior and consumption habits of the population, together with climate change and the increase in fruit imports, have caused shortages in this sector. Apples are regarded as a national fruit in Romania, but recently, there have been significant transformations in apple production and consumption. In order to practically observe the recorded information published in a database for this sector, we developed a questionnaire, which was completed by people in Romania. The aim of this paper was to identify the types of apple consumer profiles in Romania. The reason for choosing this specific fruit was linked to the investigated objective of the projects to which this article is related. Regarding the approached methodology, the paper focused on analyzing descriptive statistics, frequencies and clustering, by which means we designed a pattern of the apple consumer profiles in Romania. Furthermore, the profiles of respondents from two regions of Romania (South-Muntenia and South-East Regions) were explored in more detail. The findings of this research indicate a young, educated consumer profile and a distinct pattern revealed by the three clusters from the specific regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. Phosphorylation of a malate transporter promotes malate excretion and reduces cadmium uptake in apple
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Hui Kang, Yu-Jin Hao, Jing Lu, Chun-Xiang You, Meihong Sun, Da-Gang Hu, and Qi-Jun Ma
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inorganic chemicals ,cadmium ,Physiology ,Transgene ,Malates ,apple ,malic acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Plant Roots ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bimolecular fluorescence complementation ,Phosphorylation ,Protein kinase A ,Plant Proteins ,Cadmium ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,Transporter ,ALMT14 ,heavy metal ,Research Papers ,SOS2L1 ,Crop Molecular Genetics ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Malus ,Toxicity ,bacteria ,Malic acid - Abstract
Protein kinase SOS2L1 phosphorylates the malate transporter ALMT14, resulting in malate excretion from root to rhizosphere to improve cadmium tolerance in apple., Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase SOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to be involved in the regulation of malate excretion, and to inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14, a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner. This study sheds light on the roles of the MdSOS2L1–MdALMT14 complex in physiological responses to cadmium toxicity.
- Published
- 2020
23. Influence of Ultrasound and the Conditions of Convective Drying with Dehumidified Air on the Course of the Process and Selected Properties of Apple Tissue
- Author
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Magdalena Dadan, Artur Wiktor, Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert, and Aleksandra Matys
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Health (social science) ,Materials science ,Sonication ,apple ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,convective drying ,01 natural sciences ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Article ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Ultrasound treatment ,Drying time ,Browning ,Air drying ,business.industry ,ultrasound ,dehumidified air ,Chemical technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Ultrasound ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,040401 food science ,0104 chemical sciences ,quality ,Air temperature ,Scientific method ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
The conditions of convective drying induce a negative effect on the quality of the dried products, and thus, innovative solutions, such as the utilization of ultrasound and dehumidified air are gaining importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ultrasound pretreatment and variable air temperature on the kinetics of convective drying with dehumidified air and the quality of dried apples. Apples were dried with dehumidified and non-dehumidified air at 55, 70 and 85 °C. Preliminary ultrasound treatment was conducted by immersion for 60 min. The effect of both ultrasound and dehumidified air utilization was more prominent in the terms of drying time reduction, when lower drying temperatures were used. Drying of apples with dehumidified air, preceded by ultrasound pretreatment, resulted in a greater rehydration capacity of the products, and limited the browning process. Dehumidified air increased the lightness of the dried products, while sonication darkened them. The use of ultrasound before drying coupled with a drying with dehumidified medium at a temperature of 70 °C reduced the exposure of the product to a high temperature and oxygen. Products treated before dehumidified air drying with ultrasounds were characterized by high total phenolic content and the greatest antioxidant activity. This was because such technological treatment reduced exposure of the product to a high temperature and oxygen.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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24. Selected Compary in Spectacle Society: Case Study of 'Paradise Documents'
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Šola Vujčić, Tena and Hromadžić, Hajrudin
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tax havens ,offshore companies ,Paradise Papers ,Wilbur Ross ,tax evasion ,Elizabeth II ,Apple ,Nike ,Appleby ,Süddeutsche Zeitung ,Glencore ,Vladimir Putin - Abstract
Dokumenti, nazvani Rajski dokumenti, datiraju u razdoblju od 1950. do 2016. i naziv su za 13.4 milijuna dokumenata koji dokazuju navodnu umiješanost brojnih osoba iz javnog života, uključujući mnogobrojne poduzetnike i političare, ali i sportaše, pjevače i međunarodne korporacije, u financijske nepravilnosti, pranje novca i utaje poreza putem offshore tvrtki sa sjedištima u poreznim oazama. Dokumenti potječu iz odvjetničke tvrtke Appleby osnovane na Bermudama i tvrtke Asiaciti Trust iz Singapura. Njemački list Süddeutsche Zeitung došao je do navedenih dokumenata i podijelio ih s javnošću početkom studenoga 2017. U radu, Rajskim dokumentima pristupit ću kao ekonomsko-političkom i društvenom problemu enormnih razmjera s elementima medijsko-spektakularnog uprizorenja. Rajske dokumente i njegove pojedinačne slučajeve proučavat ću na temelju podataka i članaka objavljenih na internetskom portalu Süddeutsche Zeitunga - Süddeutsche.de. Pojedinačnim slučajevima Rajskih dokumenata pristupit ću metodom kvalitativne analize. S obzirom na opsežan broj imena uključenih u aferu Rajskih dokumenata, analizu ću usmjeriti na one slučajeve koji imaju veliki značaj i utjecaj na javnost. Pri tome, analizirat ću poslovanje švicarske korporacije Glencore kongoanskim rudama; offshore poslovanje kraljice Elizabete II.; poslovanje SAD-ova ministra trgovine Wilbura Rossa s ruskom energetskom tvrtkom Sibur; posljedice aneksije Krima ruskog predsjednika Vladimira Putina, te offshore poslovanje međunarodnih korporacija Apple i Nike. Cilj je rada ukazati na istovremeno postojanje dva paralelna svijeta: jednog koji pripada nekolicini svjetskih moćnika, za koje zakoni ne vrijede i onog drugog, svijeta običnih smrtnika koji se svakodnevno bore za vlastitu egzistenciju i čiji su postupci podvrgnuti daleko strožem režimu., The documents, named Paradise Papers, which date from 1950 to 2016 and represent 13.4 million documents that prove the presumed involvement of many persons from public life, including many entrepreneurs and politicians, but also athletes, singers and international corporations in financial irregularities, money laundring and tax evasion through offshore companies with headquarters in tax havens. The documents originate from the Appleby attorney company established in Bermuda and from Asiaciti Trust in Singapore. The german newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung came in possession of the mentioned documents and shared them with public at the beginning of November 2017. In my work I will approach the Paradise papers documents as an economical, political and social issue of enormous proportions with elements of media and spectacular appearance. I will study the documents and their individual cases based on the dates and articles published on the website of Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper. The individual cases of Paradise Papers I will approach with the method of qualitative analysis. Given the extensive number of names involved in the Paradise Papers scandal I will focus my analysis on those cases that have great significance and impact on public life. During my work I will pay my attention on the business of the swiss corporation Glencore with congolese ores; offshore business of Queen Elizabeth II; business between U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross and russian energy company Sibur; the consequences of the annexation of Crimea by Russian President Vladimir Putin; offshore business of international corporations Apple and Nike. The aim of my work is to point out the simultaneous existence of two parallel worlds: one belonging to a few powerful world leaders, who do not have to respect the law nor the law applies to them, and to the other, the world of ordinary mortals, who are struggling for their own existence on a daily basis and who are subjected to far more rigid regimes.
- Published
- 2018
25. Metabolomic Characterization of Commercial, Old, and Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties
- Author
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Adriana Teresa Ceci, Peter Robatscher, Michele Bassi, Fulvio Mattivi, Pietro Franceschi, Walter Guerra, and Michael Oberhuber
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0106 biological sciences ,Group based ,Antioxidant ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,apple ,antioxidant activity ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,Article ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Metabolomics ,medicine ,metabolomics ,polyphenols ,mass spectrometry ,Cultivar ,Food science ,Settore CHIM/10 - CHIMICA DEGLI ALIMENTI ,Quality characteristics ,Molecular Biology ,apple, metabolomics ,anthocyanins ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,fungi ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,QR1-502 ,Polyphenol ,engineering ,Metabolic profile ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In this study, a metabolomic investigation was presented to correlate single polyphenolic compounds in apple pulp with quality characteristics such as antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in apple skin. Since the concentration of these compounds is influenced by environmental factors, the twenty-two apple cultivars originate from the same site. The polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and anthocyanins were evaluated on the sunny and the shady sides of apple skin by spectrometric assays. In old apple varieties, the measured parameters were higher than in the commercial and red-fleshed varieties. By contrast, the profile of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins was variable amongst commercial and red-fleshed varieties. The partial least square (PLS) method was applied to investigate the association between the skin proprieties and the metabolic profile of the pulp. The highest coefficients of determination in prediction (Q2) were obtained for compounds quantified in old cultivars. These results provided information to define the old apple varieties as a reliable group based on the pathway of the antioxidant compounds and anthocyanins content. Our results show the possibility to find cultivars with promising health features based on their content of polyphenols suitable for commercialization or breeding.
- Published
- 2021
26. Effect of cultivars on tree growth, yield and quality attributes of apple on espalier architecture under high density planting system
- Author
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O C Sharma, Dinesh Kumar, K K Srivastava, and S. R. Singh
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Yield efficiency ,apple ,High density ,chroma ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Horticulture ,Positive correlation ,01 natural sciences ,espalier ,coe-red –fuji ,SB1-1110 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Yield (wine) ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Cultivar ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Mathematics ,Crop yield ,Plant culture ,Sowing ,Espalier ,030104 developmental biology ,yield efficiency ,tree architecture ,high density planting ,Original Research Papers ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Annual extension growth (AEG), an indicator of tree vigor, was recorded maximum (145.63 cm) in Granny Smith and minimum (111.04cm) in Spartan, where as correlation matrix showed negative relation between trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and AEG. Granny Smith exhibited maximum (184.09 g) fruit weight and it was minimum (128.68 g) in Spartan, the correlation matrix between fruit weight and yield efficiency exhibited significant positive correlation over the years. Yield tree-1 was maximum (29.45 kg tree-1) in Coe red Fuji and minimum (16.04 kg/tree) in Spartan. Significant and positive correlation coefficient (0.870) observed between yield and TCSA. TCSA has positive correlation with fruit weight and yield efficiency, maximum mean yield efficiency (1.11 kg/cm2) was recorded in Granny Smith. All the cultivars trained on this architecture had high chroma values (color intensity).
- Published
- 2019
27. Impact of foliar fertilization on apple and pear trees in reconciling productivity and alleviation of environmental concerns under arid conditions
- Author
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Anna Dronik, Natalya Tyutyuma, Antonina Tumanyan, Elizaveta Ivanenko, Meisam Zargar, and Elena Pakina
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,apple ,drought ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nutrient ,high stress ,parasitic diseases ,Foliar fertilization ,Productivity ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,foliar nutrition ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,PEAR ,Crop yield ,fungi ,food and beverages ,pear ,Limiting ,Arid ,Heat stress ,Agronomy ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Paper - Abstract
Drought and heat stress are significant factors limiting fruit crop yield in arid conditions. Foliar fertilization is a common practice of supplying fruit crop production with mineral nutrients, especially under limited soil nutrient availability conditions. To evaluate potential effectiveness of the foliar application of macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators on dynamics of physiological parameters of the pear and apple cultivars under abiotic stresses, three–year experiments were carried out under arid conditions at the Russian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture during the 2015–2017 growing seasons. It has been revealed that foliar nutrition reduces the negative influence of heat stress, stabilizes the functional state of plants, thereby enhancing resistance to drought. During the most severe drought periods of vegetation, under the influence of foliar nutrition, there was a significant increase in the total water content (TWC), relative leaf turgidity (RLT) and water retention capacity (WRC); and also index of leaf water deficiency (LWD) was improved as compared to the non-treated control. All foliar treatments involving the macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators significantly enhanced fruit crop yield of pear and apple varieties over the control, yield enhancement was obtained 2.7–22.0 t ha−1 for the Talgar beauty (pear variety), 2.2–19.3 t ha−1 for the Renet Symirenko (apple variety), and 1.6–10.5 t ha−1 for the Starkrimson (apple variety). The most effective treatments for water consumption coefficient (WCC) were plantafol and speedphol. The results suggest that foliar plantafol and speedfol could be used as part of an efficient, sustainable fertilizer program for apple and pear trees for maintaining or improving fruit quality, productivity, and avoiding negative efficacy of abiotic stresses.
- Published
- 2019
28. Intercropped relationship change the developmental pattern of apple and white clover
- Author
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Huike Li, Jianfeng Yang, Rongqin Zhang, Yuanji Wang, and Tairan Zhang
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,0106 biological sciences ,Arable crop ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,apple ,Bioengineering ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Medicago ,root morphology ,Plant diversity ,Root morphology ,biomass ,biology ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,Malus ,Complementarity (molecular biology) ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,intercropping ,Research Paper ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Intercropping can introduce greater plant diversity and functional complementarity in an arable crop system but inter- and intracompetition can between intercropped crops. The rhizo-box was established of apple-white clover intercropped system to examine the competitive relationship between intercropped crops on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the competitive relationship between intercropped crops was dynamic and changed with the crop competitiveness. Crop competitiveness was characterized by root development, although intercropping inhibited the development and nutrient accumulation aboveground of apple trunks and branches, intercropped apples still maintained a larger root system than under monoculture and the root morphology of intercropped apples changed significantly. White clover had lower competitiveness than apple at the beginning of the year, which was reflected in the inhibited development in May. However in July and October, intercropped white clover had more biomass and nutrient accumulation than under monoculture., Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2019
29. Drying characteristics and quality attributes of apple slices dried by a non-thermal ultrasonic contact drying method
- Author
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Luis Vargas, Ozan Kahraman, Amir Malvandi, and Hao Feng
- Subjects
Materials science ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Water activity ,Food Handling ,QC221-246 ,Color ,Titratable acid ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Freeze-drying ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Original Research Article ,Desiccation ,Water content ,QD1-999 ,Microstructure ,Total phenols ,Moisture ,business.industry ,Ultrasonic drying ,Organic Chemistry ,Mist ,Acoustics. Sound ,Apple ,Temperature ,Water ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Antioxidant capacity ,Chemistry ,Ultrasonic Waves ,Malus ,Food processing ,Ultrasonic sensor ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Highlights • US-CD significantly improved antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of dried apples. • US-CD reduced drying time by nearly 45% compared to traditional hot air drying (HAD). • US-CD reserved the micro-structure of the dried apples better than the HAD samples. • US-CD samples had improved rehydration ratio, color, and textural properties compared to the HAD treatment., Drying is one of the most prevalent methods to reduce water activity and preserve foods. However, it is also the most energy-intensive food processing unit operation. Although a number of drying methods have been proposed and tested for the purpose of achieving a time- and energy-efficient drying process, almost all current drying methods still rely on thermal energy to remove moisture from the product. In this study, a novel use of power ultrasound was explored for drying of apple slices without the application of heat. The non-thermal ultrasound contact drying (US-CD) was performed in the presence of an air stream (26–40 °C) flowing over product surface to remove mist or vapor produced by the ultrasound treatment. The effects of the non-thermal US-CD, hot-air drying (HAD), and freeze drying (FD) on the changes in rehydration ratio, pH, titratable acidity, water activity, color, glass transition temperature, texture, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, and microstructures of the samples were evaluated. The moisture content of the apple slices reached below 5% (w.b.) after 75–80 min of US-CD, which was about 45% less than that of the HAD method. The antioxidant capacity and total phenol contents of the US-CD samples were significantly higher than that of the AD samples. The non-thermal ultrasonic contact drying is a promising method which has the potential to significantly reduce drying time and improve product quality.
- Published
- 2021
30. Evaluating Apple Inc Mobility Trend Data Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: Statistical Analysis
- Author
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Yasushi Ohkusa, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Junko Kurita, and Tamie Sugawara
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Basic Reproduction Number ,Health Informatics ,01 natural sciences ,Disease Outbreaks ,Herd immunity ,effective reproduction number ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,Statistics ,Humans ,Public Health Surveillance ,Statistical analysis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Estimation ,Original Paper ,Apple ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Reproducibility of Results ,Outbreak ,Normal level ,peak ,mobility trend data ,Critical level ,Geography ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,TRIPS architecture ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,countermeasure ,Cell Phone - Abstract
Background In Japan, as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 outbreak, both the national and local governments issued voluntary restrictions against going out from residences at the end of March 2020 in preference to the lockdowns instituted in European and North American countries. The effect of such measures can be studied with mobility data, such as data which is generated by counting the number of requests made to Apple Maps for directions in select countries/regions, sub-regions, and cities. Objective We investigate the associations of mobility data provided by Apple Inc and an estimate an an effective reproduction number R(t). Methods We regressed R(t) on a polynomial function of daily Apple data, estimated using the whole period, and analyzed subperiods delimited by March 10, 2020. Results In the estimation results, R(t) was 1.72 when voluntary restrictions against going out ceased and mobility reverted to a normal level. However, the critical level of reducing R(t) to Conclusions We demonstrated that Apple mobility data are useful for short-term prediction of R(t). The results indicate that the number of trips should decrease by 10% until herd immunity is achieved and that higher voluntary restrictions against going out might not be necessary for avoiding a re-emergence of the outbreak.
- Published
- 2021
31. Pectin modifications in raw fruits alter texture of plant cell dispersions
- Author
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Alexandre Leca, Agnès Rolland-Sabaté, Alexandra Buergy, Catherine M.G.C. Renard, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Fruit processing ,food.ingredient ,Pectin ,General Chemical Engineering ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,Polysaccharide ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrolysis ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,food ,Rheology ,0103 physical sciences ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Food science ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Particule size ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molar mass ,010304 chemical physics ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Apple ,food and beverages ,Puree ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Chemistry ,040401 food science ,engineering ,Particle size ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Food Science - Abstract
International audience; The texture of pureed fruits and vegetables depends primarily on the original tissue structure and cell wall (CW) properties. However, how variations in the raw fruits’ cellular and molecular structure determine the rheological behaviour of the purees is little understood, though pectin degradation appears to play a key role. Cultivars, fruit load and post-harvest storage were used to obtain raw apples with different tissue structures, which were processed into purees under simulation of an industrial process. The rheological behaviour of the purees was then compared to particle size, pulp wet mass and serum viscosity. The polysaccharide composition of soluble and insoluble CW material were determined after preparation of alcohol insoluble residue. Macromolecular size and molar mass distributions of soluble pectins were analysed using high performance size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering and online viscometry. Variations in the raw material, especially induced by post-harvest storage, generated a wide range of different puree’s textures. Rheological behaviour of apple purees was driven by particle size, which decreased during prolonged post-harvest storage due to reduced cell adhesion. This was correlated with pectic side chain hydrolysis and modifications in pectin molar mass and structure. Similar trends during storage were observed with different apple cultivars and agricultural practices.
- Published
- 2020
32. 苹果类黄酮物质及其代谢调控研究进展.
- Author
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姚 佳, 王佳傲, 刁 饶, and 李 驰
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 果生刺盘孢致病关键转录因子 CfCrzA 的功能.
- Author
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卢一鸣, 刘广利, 杨文睿, 梁晓飞, 孙广宇, and 张荣
- Subjects
LEAF spots ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,COLLETOTRICHUM - Abstract
Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Analysis of Phenolic Components and Related Biological Activities of 35 Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Cultivars
- Author
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Jinping Cao, Xin Li, Tailin Zhu, Bo Song, Qiong Lin, Yue Wang, Xiao Liang, and Sijia Yang
- Subjects
Malus ,Antioxidant ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,phenolics ,Phytochemicals ,Pharmaceutical Science ,apple ,biological activity ,engineering.material ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Article ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Phenols ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Cultivar ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,Plant Extracts ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Polyphenols ,food and beverages ,Biological activity ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Hep G2 Cells ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,Proanthocyanidin ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Fruit ,high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) ,engineering ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) is a popular fruit with high economic values and various biological activities that are beneficial to human health. In this study, 35 apple cultivars were collected and were evaluated for their basic quality indexes, phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. The compositions of phenolics were detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) assays. The antioxidant activities of peel and pulp extracts from 35 apple cultivars were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results showed that the contents of phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins showed significant correlations with the antioxidant activities. Phenolic-rich extracts significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, with the inhibition activity varied significantly between cultivars. &lsquo, Gold Delicious&rsquo, pulp extract, &lsquo, Xiboliyabaidian&rsquo, peel and pulp extracts showed protective effects on H2O2-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). &lsquo, Red Fuji&rsquo, peel extract, &lsquo, peel and pulp extracts, as well as &lsquo, peel extract, significantly increased glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This research may provide theoretical guidance for further nutritional investigation of the apple resources.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Influence of processing conditions of atmospheric freeze-drying/low-temperature drying on the drying kinetics of sliced fruits and their vitamin C retention
- Author
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Koichi Nishimura, Kyuya Nakagawa, Toshiko Yasunobu, Akane Horie, and Maya Nakabayashi
- Subjects
Materials science ,Vitamin C ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Agriculture (General) ,Kinetics ,Apple ,Kiwi ,Pulp and paper industry ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,S1-972 ,Degree (temperature) ,Freeze-drying ,Drying time ,Air temperature ,Drying kinetics ,TX341-641 ,Shrinkage ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Atmospheric freeze-drying ,Food Science - Abstract
Sliced fruits (apple and kiwi) were dried under atmospheric freeze-drying (AFD) and/or low-temperature drying (LTD) conditions, and the drying kinetics, resultant degree of shrinkage, and vitamin C retention were evaluated. The air temperature programs were set in the range of −20 to 10 °C, and the impact of the sub-zero temperature setting was investigated. As expected, shortening the sub-zero temperature time and increasing the air temperature led to a shorter total drying time. Notably, the application of freezing had an effect to reduce the drying time. The application of the LTD condition without freezing significantly increased the total drying time compared with that of the drying condition with freezing. When the temperature was increased stepwise from −20 to 10 °C, the total drying time was effectively reduced when the sub-zero temperature was maintained for a relatively long time. This was the most practical drying program for maintaining product quality. It was found that drying at sub-zero temperatures has advantages in reducing product shrinkage; however, the impact was not remarkable. The application of sub-zero temperature conditions was advantageous for vitamin C retention for both apple and kiwi drying. However, if the negative effect of freezing on quality is significant, simple LTD conditions may be a good compromise for balancing total drying time and product quality.
- Published
- 2021
36. Characteristics of Acute Childhood Illness Apps for Parents: Environmental Scan
- Author
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Lisa Hartling, James Benoit, Michelle Chan, and Shannon D. Scott
- Subjects
Parents ,knowledge translation ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ehealth ,Health Behavior ,digital health ,marketplace ,review ,Health Informatics ,Health literacy ,Android ,Rating scale ,Knowledge translation ,mental disorders ,medicine ,eHealth ,Humans ,environmental scan ,Child ,mobile health ,app ,mHealth ,caregiver ,Original Paper ,mobile phone ,acute childhood illness ,Apple ,Information quality ,mobile application ,Mobile Applications ,Digital health ,parent ,Family medicine ,internet ,Psychology ,Delivery of Health Care ,First aid - Abstract
Background Providing parents with resources that aid in the identification and management of acute childhood illnesses helps those parents feel better equipped to assess their children’s health and significantly changes parental health-seeking behaviors. Some of these resources are limited by accessibility and scalability. Remote locations and staffing limitations create challenges for parents aiming to access their child’s health information. Mobile health apps offer a scalable, accessible solution for improving health literacy by enabling access to health information through mobile devices. Objective The aim of our study is to create an inventory of acute childhood illness apps that are available to North American parents and caregivers, assess their quality, and identify the areas in which future apps can be improved. Methods We conducted an environmental scan to identify and summarize app information for parents and digital health researchers. The Google and Apple app marketplaces were used as search platforms. We built a list of search terms and searched the platforms for apps targeted at parents and related to acute pediatric illnesses in the United States and Canada. We assessed apps meeting the inclusion criteria using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), a validated tool for assessing the quality of health apps. The MARS examines apps on 5 subscales: engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information quality, and subjective quality. Data were analyzed by MARS subscale averages and individual item scores. Results Overall, 650 unique apps were screened, and 53 (8.2%) were included. On a scale of 1-5, apps had an average engagement score of 2.82/5 (SD 0.86), functionality score of 3.98/5 (SD 0.72), aesthetics score of 3.09/5 (SD 0.87), information quality score of 2.73/5 (SD 1.32), and subjective quality score of 2.20/5 (SD 0.79). On the same scale of 1-5, app scores ranged from 2.2/5 to 4.5/5 (mean 3.2, SD 0.6). The top 3 MARS-scored apps were Baby and Child First Aid (4.5/5), Ada (4.5/5), and HANDi Paediatric (4.2/5). Taken together, the top 3 apps covered topics of emergency pediatric first aid, identification of (and appropriate response to) common childhood illnesses, a means of checking symptoms, and a means of responding to emergency situations. There was a lack of Canadian-based app content available to parents in both marketplaces; this space was filled with content originating primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States. In addition, published evidence of the impact of the included apps was poor: of 53 apps, only 5 (9%) had an evidence base showing that the app had been trialed for usability or efficacy. Conclusions There is a need for evidence-based acute childhood illness apps of Canadian origin. This environmental scan offers a comprehensive picture of the health app landscape by examining trends in acute childhood illness apps that are readily available to parents and by identifying gaps in app design.
- Published
- 2021
37. Multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclases and cytochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of apple fruit triterpenic acids
- Author
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Sylvain Legay, Matthew Punter, William A. Laing, Amélie Deleruelle, Jean-Francois Hausman, Yvan Larondelle, Janine M. Cooney, Cyril Brendolise, Christelle M. Andre, Marc Lateur, Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen, and UCL - SST/ISV - Institut des sciences de la vie
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Triterpene ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Sequence Analysis, Protein ,Betulinic acid ,Malus × domestica ,Cloning, Molecular ,germanicol ,Intramolecular Transferases ,Oleanolic acid ,Phylogeny ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Principal Component Analysis ,Oxidase test ,Full Paper ,Full Papers ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,oxydosqualene cyclase ,Biochemistry ,Malus ,Squalene ,cytochrome P450 ,apple ,ursolic acid ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,03 medical and health sciences ,betulinic acid ,Ursolic acid ,Tobacco ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Oleanane ,Lupeol ,Research ,Cytochrome P450 ,Triterpenes ,Biosynthetic Pathways ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,triterpene ,Fruit ,biology.protein ,Sequence Alignment ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Summary Apple (Malus × domestica) accumulates bioactive ursane-, oleanane-, and lupane-type triterpenes in its fruit cuticle, but their biosynthetic pathway is still poorly understood. We used a homology-based approach to identify and functionally characterize two new oxidosqualene cyclases (MdOSC4 and MdOSC5) and one cytochrome P450 (CYP716A175). The gene expression patterns of these enzymes and of previously described oxidosqualene cyclases were further studied in 20 apple cultivars with contrasting triterpene profiles. MdOSC4 encodes a multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase producing an oleanane-type triterpene, putatively identified as germanicol, as well as β-amyrin and lupeol, in the proportion 82 : 14 : 4. MdOSC5 cyclizes 2,3-oxidosqualene into lupeol and β-amyrin at a ratio of 95 : 5. CYP716A175 catalyses the C-28 oxidation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol and germanicol, producing ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, and putatively morolic acid. The gene expression of MdOSC1 was linked to the concentrations of ursolic and oleanolic acid, whereas the expression of MdOSC5 was correlated with the concentrations of betulinic acid and its caffeate derivatives. Two new multifuntional triterpene synthases as well as a multifunctional triterpene C-28 oxidase were identified in Malus × domestica. This study also suggests that MdOSC1 and MdOSC5 are key genes in apple fruit triterpene biosynthesis.
- Published
- 2016
38. Performance analysis of solar and solar-infrared dryer of mint and apple slices using energy-exergy methodology
- Author
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Seyfi Şevik, Ekin Can Dolgun, Mustafa Aktaş, Erhan Arslan, Azim Doğuş Tuncer, Hitit Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Elektrik ve Enerji Bölümü, and [Belirlenecek]
- Subjects
Solar dryer ,Exergy ,Thermal efficiency ,Energy ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Apple ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Solar Drying ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solar energy ,Pulp and paper industry ,Infrared Drying ,Heat transfer ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Exergy efficiency ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Air dryer ,Mint - Abstract
In this study, double-pass solar air dryer (DPSAD) and infrared assisted double-pass solar air dryer (DPSAIRD) were designed and tested. The effects of using infrared energy have been experimentally investigated to ensure continuity in climatic conditions (cloudy, etc.) where solar energy is insufficient. Comparative experiments were carried out in the summer and autumn. Energy and exergy analysis, mass and heat transfer, performance coefficient, specific energy consumption, drying efficiency, energy efficiency and error bars have been used as criteria for evaluating thermal and structural performance of solar dryer and to see the effects of infrared energy on dried products (apple slices and mint leaves). The highest thermal efficiency of the collector was obtained as 83.56%. For DPSAIRD and DPSAD, exergy efficiency values were calculated as 49.17%, 59.07%, 59.06% and 69.35%, respectively. Energy efficiencies varied between 1.15% and 8.59% for DPSAIRD, 2.20% and 26.46% for DPSAD. Despite the low radiation values in autumn and the lower ambient temperature, it was found that the drying times are almost the same as in the summer months, thanks to the use of infrared energy. The IR lamp significantly increased energy consumption; however, in cases where the collector was insufficient, it supported both the collector and protected the products against deterioration. © 2019 2-s2.0-85060332980
- Published
- 2019
39. Apple: Global Ethics and Transformational Leadership.
- Author
-
Ahmed, Bisma
- Subjects
TRANSFORMATIONAL leadership ,SOCIAL responsibility of business ,SUPPLY chain management ,INDUSTRIAL management - Abstract
Apple Inc. is an American technological company that designs, manufactures, and sells various products such as laptops, phones, accessories, streaming services, licensing services, and so much more. The paper explores the corporate responsibility and unethical business practices that arise from the global sourcing of Apple's products. The company established many relationships with suppliers in East Asia to meet the rigorous demands of consumers, promising high-quality products at the expense of factory workers. However, global sourcing comes with unethical business practices. There have been various cases against Apple's suppliers. This research highlights unfair working conditions, overworking employees, and environmental pollution that Apple's suppliers are guilty of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A Life Cycle Cost Analysis—Relevant Method Supporting the Decision to Establish an Apple Orchard in an Organic System.
- Author
-
Vlad, Ionela Mițuko, Butcaru, Ana Cornelia, Fîntîneru, Gina, Bădulescu, Liliana Aurelia, Stănică, Florin, and Mihai, Cosmin Alexandru
- Subjects
LIFE cycle costing ,APPLE orchards ,ORCHARDS ,OPERATING costs ,LABOR costs - Abstract
The life-cycle cost analysis is a method used to assess long-term economic efficiency among equivalent competing processes or products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature and level of costs for an organic orchard located in Southern Romania, using a complex approach covering the entire chain of production, through its life span. The research results, based on a dynamic analysis and an integrated evaluation of the orchard's performance, were ranked on investment and operational costs and broken down into three categories (establishment, production, post-harvest, transport costs). The highest costs, representing 151,726 EUR/ha/20 years, about 52.72% of the total operational costs and 50.4% of the total farm costs/ha/20 years, were recorded in the exploitation stage. The scenarios for the sensitivity analysis considered different levels of average yields (40 and 60 tons/ha, respectively) with different rates of sold productions (85%, optimistic scenario; 70%, pessimistic scenario). The hot points identified at the production stage were the use of agricultural machinery, several pesticides, the costs of seedlings, anti-hail nets, plastic boxes, and labor costs, while at the post-harvest stage, there were those related to labor and energy consumption. The transport stage had important costs with respect to tractor operations and the track. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. 快速无损检测技术在苹果霉心病检测中的 应用研究进展.
- Author
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李岩磊, 杨梓豪, 董 俊, 张春芝, 王祥伍, 王文秀, 惠 腾, and 孙文明
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
42. Effects of Aerated and Magnetized Irrigation Water on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Gala Apple in Xinjiang.
- Author
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WEI Xuesong, MU Weiyi, WANG Quanjiu, DUAN Xiaoxian, and SUN Yan
- Subjects
FRUIT yield ,FRUIT quality ,IRRIGATION water ,APPLE orchards ,LEAF area index ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Objective Pre-treating water prior to irrigation is an innovative technology increasingly used in modern irrigation. This paper compares the effect of irrigation using aerated (A) and magnetized (M) water on growth, yield and fruit quality of Gala apple in Xinjiang province. Method The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard, with freshwater irrigation treated as the control (CK). In each treatment, we measured the growth of the apple in different growth stages, as well as its ultimate fruit yield and quality. Result All irrigations significantly improved growth, fruit yield and quality of the apple. Compared with CK, aeration combined with magnetization increased the final shoot length and fruit size by 24.6% and 61.4%, respectively, while aerating the water alone increased leaf area index by 24.7%. Compared to CK, Magnetization and aeration working separately or in combination increased fruit yield by 19.2%-35.5%; their combination increased the fruit yield up to 37 239.93 kg/hm2. Compared with CK, magnetization and aeration working alone or in combination increased fruit hardness, soluble solid content, soluble sugar and Vc contents by 4.5%-7.9%, 13.9%-15.98%, 6.6%-28.2% and 15%-19.7%, respectively, and reduced detectable acid by 7.08%-18.35%. On average, magnetization- aeration combination was most effective in improving fruit yield and quality. Conclusion Irrigating the apple using the combination of magnetized and oxygenated water in Xinjiang can promote apple growth and improve its fruit yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Corn-Based Gluten-Free Snacks Supplemented with Various Dried Fruits: Characteristics of Physical Properties and Effect of Variables.
- Author
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Różańska-Boczula, Monika, Wójtowicz, Agnieszka, Piszcz, Magdalena, Soja, Jakub, Lewko, Piotr, Ignaciuk, Szymon, Milanowski, Marek, Kupryaniuk, Karol, and Kasprzak-Drozd, Kamila
- Subjects
DRIED fruit ,SNACK foods ,BERRIES ,WHITE mulberry ,FRUIT growing ,CUTTING force ,EMPLOYEE reviews - Abstract
Featured Application: Extrusion-cooked corn-based crisps with apple, white mulberry, goji berry, elderberry or/and blackberry addition may be attractive and natural products popular in the snack food market. The results presented in the paper reveal the effects of fruit type and amount and processing screw speed on expansion, bulk density, textural characteristics and color profiles of ready-to-eat snack products. The recommended levels of fruit additives allow selecting appropriate recipes suitable for being scaled up to industrial levels. The market of extruded products is constantly growing and the incorporation of fruit items into their recipe, can made a crisp snack product a healthy one of acceptable flavor. The subject of this work is the evaluation of the effects of production screw speed, fruit type and amount on selected physical properties (expansion index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility, texture profile and color balance) of corn-based gluten-free crisps supplemented with various amounts (0–20%) of dried fruits (apple, white mulberry, goji berry, elderberry, blackberry) processed at variable screw speeds (80, 100 and 120 rpm). This work demonstrates that it is possible to obtain marketable extruded snacks with natural color coming from the incorporated dried fruits and with adequate expansion and texture if addition was up to 10% of all the tested fruits. Moreover, very good aeration, crispy texture and acceptable natural color was found if dried elderberry and blackberry were added to snacks even at 15 and 20%. Application of 15 or 20% of apple, white mulberry and goji berries showed similar color profiles and caused decrease in texture and expansion of snacks. The rotational screw speed effect differs significantly only in hardness and cutting force of the supplemented corn crisps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FRUIT PRODUCTION IN SERBIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLE ORCHARDS.
- Author
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Kljajić, Nataša, Paraušić, Vesna, and Vuković, Predrag
- Subjects
ORCHARDS ,APPLE orchards ,APPLE growing ,FARMS ,VARIABLE costs ,BAEL (Tree) ,FAMILY farms - Abstract
Copyright of Ekonomika is the property of Society of Economists 'Ekonomika' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. IoT-Smart Agriculture: Comparative Study on Farming Applications and Disease Prediction of Apple Crop using Machine Learning.
- Author
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Islam, Shahidul, Jamwal, Sanjay, Mir, Mahmood Hussain, and Khan, Qamar Rayees
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,MACHINE learning ,SMART devices ,CROPS ,PRECISION farming ,INTERNET of things ,APPLE growing ,APPLES - Abstract
Recently, the Internet of Things has emerged as an encouraging technology that is scaling up new heights towards the modernization of real word physical objects into smarter devices in several domains. Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions in agriculture drives farming into a smart way through the proliferation of smart devices to enhanced production with minimal human involvement. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the role of IoT in prominent applications of farming, wireless communication protocols, and the role of sensors in precision farming. In this research article, the existing frameworks in IoT-based agriculture systems with relevant technologies are presented. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of the apple disease prediction system concerning different types of disease found in the apple crop are discussed. In addition, this paper presents the contributions made by numerous researchers over the past few years in the apple disease prediction system. The aim of this research is to support the development of smart agriculture applications that would be helpful in precision farming for the optimization of resources with the help of IoT in agriculture and early disease prediction in apple crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Study on apple damage detecting method based on relaxation single-wavelength laser and convolutional neural network.
- Author
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Ning, Jingyuan, Ye, Haifen, Sun, Yuqi, Zhang, Jingyu, Mei, Zhenghao, Xiong, Siyi, Zhang, Sujie, Li, Yuquan, Hui, Guohua, Yi, Xiaomei, Gao, Yuanyuan, and Wu, Peng
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,APPLES ,LASERS - Abstract
Apple is usually damaged by mechanical factors, including harvesting methods and transportation. The mechanical damage to apples induces great economic loss every year. Current methods can only conduct qualitative determination for apple injection. Fuji apple damage detection method based on relaxation single-wavelength laser (RSWL) and convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed in this paper. Red Fuji apple was selected as research object, and RSWL detecting system was designed and fabricated. The laser intensity was controlled by a laser current driver. RSWL measurement data of apple samples was obtained and processed by SNV and MSC algorithms. CNN was utilized to establish apple damage determination model. Results indicated that RSWL signals could discriminate apples with different mechanical damage. MSC algorithm presented better damage discrimination effects than SNV algorithm. The prediction accuracy of MSC is 93%. RSWL combined with CNN proposed in this paper has some advantages, including small volume, easy operation, and low price. It provides a novel way for fruit damage fast determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Valuing Apples: from the Mystic Apple to the Digital Apples of the 21st Century.
- Author
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PEMBECİOĞLU, Nilüfer and AKGÜN ÇOMAK, Nebahat
- Subjects
DIGITAL technology ,MEDIA literacy ,FARMERS ,AGRICULTURE ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
Apple is one of the first pieces of food mentioned in the earliest stories and books of mankind and different values were attributed to apple throughout the whole history. Various societies contributed to the appreciation of it placing it in their lullabies or fairy tales as well as in their daily communication and diet. Even if it seems to be so common, humble, and accessible, the lack of it is also interpreted in different ways. Yet, nowadays, it became one of the main food of the 21st century as well. Following a quantitative and descriptive methodology and analyzing the values attributed to Apple, this paper provides a glimpse of its history and aims to analyze the 'Apple' case in Turkey regarding it not only as a 'mystic' product affecting the whole humanity but also as an agricultural product to be paid attention with the new trends in food processing in its developing aspects. Whereas the agricultural people spend more time and energy in producing better crops all around the world, the apple case in Turkey puts a shade on modernity placing apple growers away from sustainability, innovation, and productivity. Dwelling on the media coverage of the past few years regarding the apple as a content, the paper aims to introduce the main value of the apple as a product of agriculture and handles the problem of what to do in the case of apple production in its modern sense. Field research is enriched as to provide qualitative reports based on the focus group discussions and interviews with the apple producers and decision-makers as to put forward how apple is priced or degraded. In conclusion, it provides a needs analysis format, a systematic approach to the problem as a process of identifying and evaluating the apple case. As the results put forward, growing apples require valuing them. It also requires better-established facts, better-trained people, and concentrating more on the specific needs of employees, customers, suppliers, etc. These needs are often referred to as "gaps," or the difference between what is currently done and what should be performed. So re-valuing apples requires to bridge the gap between the mystic apples and the digital apples of the 21st century. Today's farmers, should become a part of the network, enrich their cultivation methodology and innovation capacities as to reach to precision agriculture substructure and techniques to be able to become a part of the smart agriculture. Otherwise, they keep on just swallowing the mud of the field or consuming the fake news instead of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
48. Phenolic and mineral profile of Balkan indigenous apple and pear cultivars
- Author
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Nebojša Menković, Gordana Zdunić, Jelena Živković, Katarina Šavikin, and Biljana Dojčinović
- Subjects
autochthonous ,apple ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nutrient ,Chlorogenic acid ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cultivar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,PEAR ,peel ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,fungi ,Arbutin ,food and beverages ,pear ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,body regions ,Horticulture ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Polyphenol ,engineering ,Composition (visual arts) ,cultivar - Abstract
The aim of this study was chemical analysis of phenolic compounds, as well as mineral nutrients in pulp and peel obtained from Balkan indigenous apple and pear cultivars. Phenolic composition assesed by means of HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric methods varied significantly between the cultivars for both peel and pulp. Among apples Mekica cultivar had the highest total phenolic content while Šećerlija and Zlatna Parmenka had the lowest. In the case of pear samples the principal source of total phenolic content was Crna Takiša while their minimum was recorded for Bela Arapka. In most of the investigated samples chlorogenic acid in apples and arbutin in pears were major detected polyphenolic compounds. With regard to mineral analysis K was the most abundant followed by P, Mg, Ca and S. Iron was the dominant microelement in apple peel and pulp samples, while in pear samples the principal microelement was B. Obtained results provide detailed information on chemical composition of tested apple and pear cultivars and therby could encourage their wider cultivation and consumption. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 46013]
- Published
- 2016
49. Time Series for Forecasting Stock Market Prices Based on Sentiment Analysis of Social Media.
- Author
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Sivamani, Babu Aravind, Karthikeyan, Dakshinamoorthy, Arumugam, Chamundeswari, and Kalyan, Pavan
- Subjects
STOCK price indexes ,SENTIMENT analysis ,TIME series analysis ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,SOCIAL media - Abstract
This paper attempts to find a relation between the public perception of a company and its stock value price. Since social media is a very powerful tool used by a lot of people to voice their opinions on the performance of a company, it is a good source of information about the public sentiment. Previous studies have shown that the overall public sentiment collected from sites like Twitter do have a relation to the market price of a company over a period of time. The goal is to build on their research to improve the accuracy of predictions and determine if the public perception surrounding a company is a driving factor of its stock growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Phytochemicals and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of the Methanolic Extracts from the Italian Apple Cultivar Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini
- Author
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Víctor López, Serena Mevi, Joice Guileine Nkuimi Wandjou, Guillermo Cásedas, Francisco Les, Filippo Maggi, and Giovanni Caprioli
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,enzyme inhibitors ,Tyrosinase ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RS1-441 ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Antioxidants ,Alimentos funcionales ,Drug Discovery ,Food science ,functional foods ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,Enzyme inhibitors ,antioxidants ,Phytochemical ,Manzana ,Malus ,Phlorizin ,Molecular Medicine ,Antioxidantes inhibidores de enzimas ,Polifenoles ,Functional foods ,apple ,engineering.material ,Article ,lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nutraceutical ,triterpenes ,Triterpenos ,Lipase ,polyphenols ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,lcsh:R ,Apple ,Polyphenols ,Glycoside ,biology.organism_classification ,Triterpenes ,Investigación aplicada ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Fitoquímica ,Apple Peels ,biology.protein ,engineering ,Cultivo - Abstract
The phytochemical profile of the methanolic extracts (pulp and peel) obtained from two dehydration methods (drying and freeze-lyophilization) of the traditional Italian apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini, as well as their inhibitory properties against some biological enzymes (&alpha, glucosidase, lipase, monoamine oxidase A, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were assessed in this study. HPLC-DAD-MS technique was used for the determination of polyphenolic and triterpenic compounds. The determination of the enzymes inhibitory effect was made through spectrophotometric techniques. The peel extracts were richer in bioactive compounds than the pulp. In this regard, the extracts from freeze-lyophilization displayed higher levels of flavan-3-ols, flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones. However, the extracts obtained from dried material displayed a stronger enzyme inhibition. Notably, the peel extracts showed a higher activity than the pulp ones, especially in terms of &alpha, glucosidase whereby some samples exerted a similar enzymatic inhibition than acarbose (100% inhibition) at high concentrations (1 mg/mL). These results encourage thus further studies on this traditional Italian apple as a potential source of nutraceuticals helpful to prevent the insurgence of some pathologies.
- Published
- 2020
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