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The author investigates the problem of a criminal biography establishment as a form of event history interpretation. On the example of the famous London criminal Jonathan Wilde’s biography by D. Defoe we show how a real historical character life was being transformed into a myth that gained independent life in the collective consciousness and reflected in different spheres of artistic culture over the next centuries. Throughout the paper the writer structures the facts, leading the reader to the logical conclusion about the hero’s tragic fate. This text began to serve as a resource for subsequent discourses and representations of Wild’s image, who firmly entered the archive of London criminal mythology.

Artykuł dotyczy Marii Faleńskiej z domu Trębickiej (1821-1896), zapomnianej postaci polskiego życia umysłowego początku II poł. XIX wieku. Jednocześnie jest to opowieść o znikaniu kobiet z historii, o bezradności historii literatury, której trudno sobie poradzić z historiami o ludziach ukrytych w cieniu wielkich artystów, o kobietach ukrytych w cieniu otaczających je mężczyzn. Dla historyków tamtej epoki bohaterka tego artykułu była córką zabitego w pierwszym dniu powstania 1831 r. gen. Stanisława Trębickiego. Dla historyków literatury, Trębicka prawie wyłącznie pozostaje korespondentką Cypriana Norwida i żoną Felicjana Faleńskiego. Tymczasem artykuł wskazuje na znaczenie Trębickiej jako współorganizatorki artystycznego środowiska skupione wokół Faleńskiego, jej przyjacielską relację z Heleną Modrzejewską, a przede wszystkim pisarki, publicystki i tłumaczki. The article concerns Maria Faleńska née Trębicka (1821-1896), a forgotten figure of Polish intellectual life at the beginning of the second half of the 19th century. At the same time, it is a story about women’s disappearance from history, about the helplessness of the history of literature, which can hardly cope with telling stories about people hidden in the shadow of great artists, about women hidden in the shadow of the men surrounding them. For historians of that era, the heroine of this article is the daughter of General Stanisław Trębicki, killed by the insurgents on the first day of the 1831 uprising. For historians of literature, Trębicka almost exclusively remains Cyprian Norwid’s correspondent and the wife of Felicjan Faleński. Meanwhile the article concerns the importance of Trembicka as a co-organizer of the artistic milieu centered around her houseban, friendship with Helena Modjeska and her own work as writer, publicist and translator.

A review of the collective monograph by researchers of the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the RAS into the origins and evolution of the biography as a genre. The first section of the book discusses composing a writer’s biography with the examples of Shakespeare and Samuel Johnson, the myth and the truth in Camões’ biography, as well as the specific features of this genre in the Latin American tradition. The second section of the monograph covers the history of the genre in Russia. Here, the authors discuss a wide range of problems, from the historical and cultural context of Simeon Polotsky’s biography to attempts of the genre’s theoretical interpretation. Also considered is P. Furman’s project, a series of biographies adapted for children’s reading. The third section focuses on documents at the source of poets’ biographies, criminal proceedings of the Decembrists, and case files of our contemporaries who fell victim of the Stalin terror.

A report from King’s College London that listed 26 papers coauthored by the eminent psychologist Hans Eysenck as “unsafe” fell well short of the true target, Eysenck’s biographer has said. The real total should be at least 88, said Rod Buchanan, an Australian writer and teacher whose 2010 biography of Eysenck is the most comprehensive study of the controversial figure whose personality and ideas dominated British psychology for so long.1 Eysenck’s critics have been calling for decades for the retraction of a series of papers he wrote that used data collected by the German sociologist Ronald Grossarth-Maticek. The King’s College report, compiled by an anonymous group at the college’s Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, singled out 26 papers coauthored by the two men, agreeing that …

In current scholarship the obscurity of the early years of Thomas Dekker is akin to his opacity in Philip Henslowe's Diary, which awaits full analytical interpretation. While the Diary usefully tells us about Henslowe's theatre business, it also imparts interwoven stories about many playwrights whose works are being rigorously tested in today's theatres. In this essay Chi-fang Sophia Li offers a theatre-based critique of the early life of Dekker, when, she argues, he quickly became a ‘fully paid-up member’ of the theatrical community. Thus his theatrical strengths, productive potential, writing interests, collaborative patterns, earning power, and working relationships with Michael Drayton, Anthony Munday, and Henry Chettle can be interpreted afresh. The Diary supplies frequent, intensive sightings of Dekker, whose biographical implications mutually inform a cultural life of Dekker's peers. This is the first attempt to elucidate in full Dekker's presence in the Henslowe–Alleyn papers alongside other historical and literary documents. Chi-fang Sophia Li is Associate Professor in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literature at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. She has published in Shakespeare Bulletin, Notes and Queries, English Studies, New Theatre Quarterly, and in Chinese in Review of English and American Literature. She gave public lectures for the anniversaries of Shakespeare's birth and death for the Globe Theatre on tour to Taiwan in 2014 and for the Shakespeare Exhibition in 2015 for the National Museum of Taiwan Literature and the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.

We present a brief biography of Dr. Cleide Costa, eminent entomologist from Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). She has been dedicating the last six decades to the study of adults and immatures of Coleoptera. Dr. Costa is the pioneer in collecting and rearing immature beetles in Brazil, being responsible for establishing the most extensive Latin American collection of reared immatures Coleoptera. We discuss central aspects of her personal history, as well as career landmarks and achievements. A compilation of taxa introduced to science by her, taxa named in her honor, and a full list of her scientific, educational and cultural production are provided in chronological order. More than a biographical account, this publication is an acknowledgment of Dr. Cleide Costa’s legacy to entomology.

We present a brief biography of Dr. Cleide Costa, eminent entomologist from Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). She has been dedicating the last six decades to the study of adults and immatures of Coleoptera. Dr. Costa is the pioneer in collecting and rearing immature beetles in Brazil, being responsible for establishing the most extensive Latin American collection of reared immatures Coleoptera. We discuss central aspects of her personal history, as well as career landmarks and achievements. A compilation of taxa introduced to science by her, taxa named in her honor, and a full list of her scientific, educational and cultural production are provided in chronological order. More than a biographical account, this publication is an acknowledgment of Dr. Cleide Costa’s legacy to entomology.

This article describes how, in contemporary Poland, the questionable nature of the materials in the formerly secret police files is sometimes forgotten, most significantly in the process of lustration. It attempts to explain why the public would support lustration laws and/or engage in gossip stemming from the files, despite knowing their shortcomings. After briefly summarizing the long process by which agreement was reached concerning the Polish lustration bill, and describing some of the unique qualities of Polish lustration, the article presents arguments for why the formerly secret police files might be popularly accepted as the foundation used for the judicial process. The main justification discussed is found in literary and scholarly attempts to read the files biographically and to use them as inspiration for new biographies. The article shows that scholarly queries into secret police files as historically useful sources coincide with Polish popular interest in non-fiction literature and me...

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote prolifically, through private and public correspondence. These writings are collated in volumes of his selected works, through a collection of his letters to chief ministers, and most famously in his three English language books Glimpses of World History, An Autobiography and The Discovery of India. All of those books are replete with Nehru’s fascination for history and historical forces, and have politics, both domestic and international in the foreground. The historiographies he lays out often preface the political. In that respect, his book Rajneeti Se Door (Far from Politics), a much later work is fascinating first, unlike all his other writing, for being written in Hindustani, and second, as presenting a foil to Nehru’s political thought. Put together in the winter years of his life, Rajneeti Se Door is a text laden with reflection, and alternative imaginations about the transformation of politics. This paper will attempt to bring the barely studied book more firmly into the pantheon of Nehru’s writing, while drawing links between Nehru’s philosophical thought and Tagore’s fascination with the apolitical.

This chapter examines the material used for the reconstruction of Attaleiates’ life. It presents to the reader the three main texts—the History, the Diataxis , and the Ponema Nomikon , which open a window into Attaleiates’ world. Next to those texts, we encounter elements from the materiality of Attaleiates’ life. His autograph signature on the manuscript of the Diataxis , his signet ring, and a surviving led seal bring us closer to him. The space itself in Istanbul, on which a church he used to own was located and the lands of Anatolia on which he walked and traveled give us a better sense of the man. Finally, the literary output of the eleventh century, letters by colleagues and state documents of all kinds complete the portrait.

John Sung (1901–1944) was a prominent Chinese Christian evangelist whose enduring influence is still recognized through China and Southeast Asia. His reputation has long been based primarily on his autobiography and excerpts from his diaries that his daughter Levi Sung selected and published. The correspondence, writings, and extensive diaries of Sung recently acquired by the Yale Divinity Library shed new light on his life and work. This article gives a detailed account of provenance, content, and format of all the materials included in the Sung papers. They are invaluable to the study and rediscovery of Sung's life, thought, and ministry as well as the history and development of indigenous Christianity and churches in China and Southeast Asia. This article also examines Sung's English diaries from the period of his hospitalization in a psychiatric facility to reveal complexities in Sung that have been less evident in published biographies and writings. Five additional original diary entries will...

Since long time ago, Indonesia contributes to one of the largest Muslim scholar graduates in the world, these scholars are not only recognized in their countries, but are recognized throughout the world. They are Nuruddin Ar Raniri (Aceh), Sheikh Nawawi al Bantani (Banten), Khalil Bangkalan (Madura), Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al Banjari (South Kalimantan), Sheikh Yusuf al Makassari (South Sulawesi), Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al Minangkabawi and Muhammad Jamil Jambek (West Sumatra), Sheikh Mahfudz Tremas (Java), following Hadhratus Sheikh KH. Hasyim Asy'ari (founder of Nahdatul Ulama), KH. Ahmad Dahlan (founder of Muhammadiyah), Prof. Dr. Hasbi ash- Shidiqqey (initiator of Indonesian jurisprudence), Prof. Buya Hamka, and so on. The number of scholars in Indonesia will never be exhausted to be studied, because scholars always grow and develop in the community. Some of the scholars have written their biographies, but many of them have not yet been written. The absence of written sources (reading) about the scholar makes the public not familiar with it. So the purpose of writing this short biography is to find out a short biography of one of the scholars, namely Dr. Muhammad Nawawi Yahya Abudrrazak Al Majene, from Mandar, West Sulawesi. Nawawi Yahya is known by the local people by the name of Puang Masser, because most of his life was spent in Egypt in the context of studying. From the undergraduate program until the doctoral program was completed in Egypt. Nawawi Yahya or Puang Masser managed to write a dissertation entitled "Az Zakah wa an Nadzum al Ijtima'iyah al Mu'ashirah", Zakat and the Order of the Contemporary Society. What's interesting about the dissertation is its thickness reaches 3,593 pages, which is divided into six chapters. The work has now been published by the Research Center for Literature and the Religious Khazanah of the Indonesian Ministry of Religion's Research and Development Agency. This study used interviews, observations, and documentation in collecting data as well as qualitative research in general.

Fars edebiyatının geçmişine bakıldığında kadına bakışın çeşitli aşamalardan geçtiği görülmektedir. Klasik Fars edebiyatında kadın, erkeğe itaat etmekle görevli bir varlık olarak resmedilmiştir. 1979 devrimi öncesi modern İran edebiyatında ise kadın konusu, siyasi ve toplumsal eleştirinin gölgesinde kalmış ve edebiyatçılar kadınların sorunlarından bahsetmek yerine toplumu devrime hazırlamak için çabalamışlardır. 1979 devrimi sonrasında ise sansür ve yasaklamalar gölgesinde siyasi hiçbir mesaj içermeyen kadın romanları hızla artarken kadınların gördüğü baskıyı feminist bir yaklaşımla işleyen edebiyat eserleri de telif edilmiştir. Özellikle, İran dışında yaşayan İranlılar tarafından erkek egemenliğini ve kadınların uğradığı haksızlıkları eleştiren birçok kitap yazılmıştır. Âzer-i Nefîsî'nin ABD'de İngilizce yayımladığı 'Tahran'da `Lolita` Okumak' ve 'Hakkında Sustuğum Şeyler' adlı iki kitabı bu türün öncü eserleri arasına girmiş, Nefîsî'nin İran'da kadınların sorunları ile ilgili görüşleriyle tanınan isimlerden biri olmasını sağlamıştır. Âzer-i Nefîsî, `Klasik Fars Edebiyatı ve Çağdaş İran Romanında Kadın Tasviri` başlıklı makalesi ile de Fars edebiyatında kadın konusunun neden gerektiği gibi işlenemediğine dair görüşlerini ortaya koymuştur. Nefîsî'ye göre İranlı kadınların baskı görmesi dahil çeşitli toplumsal sorunların kaynağı diyalog kültürünün eksikliğidir ve bunun etkileri hem İran toplumunda hem de modern İran edebiyatında kendini göstermektedir. An inquiry into the past of Persian literature reveals that the attitude towards women has passed through a number of stages. In classical Persian literature, woman is depicted as a being whose sole purpose is obedience to man. In pre-1979 modern Iranian literature, the issues pertaining to women were eclipsed by political and social criticism and authors and poets worked to prepare the society for the revolution rather than discuss the problems of women. After the 1979 revolution, while a genre of women's novels devoid of any political message spread under the shadow of censorship and prohibitions, works of literature that developed a feminist approach in dealing with the oppression of women also flourished. Especially, Iranians living outside Iran wrote many books that criticize the patriarchy and the injustice suffered by women. Azar Nafisi's books `Reading Lolita in Tehran` and `Things I've Been Silent About`, both publishedin English and in USA, are among the pioneers of Iranian diaspora literature. Thanks to these tow booksi Nafisi has become one of the top authors who write on the issues of Iranian women. In her academic paper titled `Images of Women in Classical Persian Literature and the Contemporary Iranian Novel`, Nafisi conveys her views on the lack of a proper approach to women's issues in Persian literature. According to Nafisi, many of Iran's social ills including the oppression of women are caused by the lack of the culture of dialogue, the repercussions of which are seen both in Iranian society and the modern Iranian literature. 143

Artist Mary Evans has been working in cut paper since the mid-1990s. In her chosen medium, Evans investigates signs and signifiers of the way humans tend to classify certain races and nationalities, particularly in visual terms. Over the course of her career, her work has evolved to reveal the ways in which racism, the history of slavery, and the legacy of the British Empire are embedded in such practices. For over twenty years, Evans has been exploring recurring motifs that resonate not only with her personal biography as a Lagos-born, London-based artist, but also with contemporary identity politics and issues of belonging and alienation. An analysis of Evans’s recent work, including Willow Plate series (2013), Gingerbread (2012), and Held (2012), explicates the ways in which cultural and national ideologies are articulated through an exploration of personal and historical narratives of human experience. Evans’s silhouetted figures evoke racial and sexual stereotypes and thus powerfully communicate humanity’s historical tendency to categorize and prejudge. An investigation of how her early training, experiences abroad, and artist residencies specifically impacted her professional development contextualizes the works. In addition, a comparison of Evans’s work with the well-known oeuvre of Kara Walker highlights striking thematic differences despite intriguing similarities in both form and subject and demonstrates each artist’s unique talents in the medium of cut paper installation.

John Campbell is the author of highly respected biographies of some of the major political figures of the twentieth century. In this article he shares his memories of the experience of working with...

Dr. Elihu S. McIntire (1832â€"1899) grew up on farms in Ohio and Indiana and was a physician who served as an assistant surgeon with the 78th Illinois Infantry Regiment during the Civil War. He practiced briefly in Dallas City, Illinois, and Grantsburg, Crawford County, Indiana, before settling in Mitchell, Lawrence County, Indiana, where he spent the last 30-plus years of his life. He served as editor and proprietor of the Mitchell (IN) Commercial from 1872 to 1883. This dissertation in the form of a cultural biography traces his life story based on 13 personal diaries and more than 100 issues of the Commercial that have survived to the present day. It applies James Carey’s approach to cultural history in attempting to capture the “way in which men in the past have grasped reality,” “how action made sense from the standpoint of historical actors,” and the “structure of feeling” that existed in McIntire’s time and place. It attempts to paint McIntire as a real person, considering both his fine points and flaws in the many roles he fulfilled as husband, father, doctor, journalist, and citizen. This dissertation identifies how McIntire’s life experiences shaped his journalism and how the practice of his craft later influenced his declining years. It also uses framing and textual silences as analytical tools to consider how McIntire himself, his contemporaries, and this biographer employed these two devices in the telling of McIntire’s story. It also argues that framing and textual silences cannot be studied or employed independently of each other and suggests that they can be combined in historiography generally and in cultural biography specifically.

The Catalogue of Scientific Papers, published by the Royal Society of London beginning in 1867, projected back to the beginning of the nineteenth century a novel vision of the history of science in which knowledge was built up out of discrete papers each connected to an author. Its construction was an act of canon formation that helped naturalize the idea that scientific publishing consisted of special kinds of texts and authors that were set apart from the wider landscape of publishing. By recovering the decisions and struggles through which the Catalogue was assembled, this essay aims to contribute to current efforts to denaturalize the scientific paper as the dominant genre of scientific life. By privileging a specific representation of the course of a scientific life as a list of papers, the Catalogue helped shape underlying assumptions about the most valuable fruits of a scientific career. Its enumerated lists of authors' periodical publications were quickly put to use as a means of measuring scientific productivity and reputation, as well as by writers of biography and history. Although it was first conceived as a search technology, this essay locates the Catalogue's most consequential legacy in its uses as a technology of valuation.