201. Organic cultivation practices enhanced antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites in giant granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis L.)
- Author
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Huei Hong Lee, Nur Shahirah Shahbani, Muta Harah Zakaria, Shiamala Devi Ramaiya, Yong Jun Xiao, and Japar Sidik Bujang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Leaves ,Antioxidant ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flavonoid ,Phytochemicals ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,Mass Spectrometry ,Passiflora ,Anthocyanins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metabolites ,Food science ,Secondary Metabolites ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Organic Agriculture ,Principal Component Analysis ,Microscopy ,Multidisciplinary ,Giant granadilla ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Plant Anatomy ,Discriminant Analysis ,Eukaryota ,Light Microscopy ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Phytochemical ,Physical Sciences ,Metabolome ,Medicine ,Agrochemicals ,Research Article ,Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching ,Science ,engineering.material ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Fruits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Isomerism ,Phenols ,medicine ,Fertilizers ,030304 developmental biology ,Flavonoids ,Plant Extracts ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Terpenoid ,Plant Leaves ,Metabolism ,Fruit ,engineering ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Passiflora quadrangularis L. belongs to the family Passifloraceae which bears larger fruit with edible juicy mesocarp and pulp known as a good source of phytochemicals. Cultivation and plant management practices are known to influence the phytochemical compositions of agricultural produce. This study aimed to examine the influence of the cultivation practices on the antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites of the organically and conventionally grown P. quadrangularis. Findings revealed organically treated P. quadrangularis plants showed enhancement in their antioxidant properties and secondary metabolites profiles. Among the plant parts, leaves of P. quadrangularis grown organically possessed higher antioxidant activities compared to the conventional in all assays evaluated. The antioxidant activities in the edible parts of the P. quadrangularis fruit have also been enhanced through organic cultivation with significantly higher total phenolic content and DPPH in mesocarp, and the pulp showed higher total flavonoid content, DPPH and FRAP. This observation is supported by a higher level of vitamins and secondary metabolites in the samples. The secondary metabolites profile showed mesocarps were phenolic rich, the pulps were flavonoids rich while leaves showed good composition of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids with outstanding antioxidant activities. The common secondary metabolites for organically produced P. quadrangularis in different plant parts include 2-isopropyl-3-methoxycinnamic acid (mesocarp and pulp), myricetin isomers (pulp and leaves), and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside isomers (pulp and leaves). This study confirmed that organic cultivated P. quadrangularis possessed higher antioxidant activities contributed by its vitamins and secondary metabolites.
- Published
- 2021