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The present paper argues that the conceptualisation of notions like ‘dalit’ or ‘intracaste’ or ‘multiple’ patriarchies results from a misunderstanding of the concept brahmanical patriarchy. The category ‘dalit patriarchy’ is gaining popularity in academic and political discourse of contemporary India. It is introduced by Gopal Guru in his seminal essay ‘Dalit Women Talk Differently’ only to challenge patriarchal practices within ‘lower’ caste groups. But mainstream feminists of India attempted to propagate and proliferate this vague concept. They argue that dalit men, as a part of their exploitation by ‘upper’ caste, also face taunts regarding their masculinity which results in their aggressive behaviour on dalit women; which has been called as ‘dalit patriarchy’. The paper argues that conceptualisation of such notions yields no advancement in our endeavours toward a gender-just society, rather it is misleading. Evaluating articulations in mainstream Indian feminism, we need to think through: what effect does this have on our feminist struggle? what is at stake? what possibly can be a resolution? Thus, by exposing flaws about ‘dalit patriarchy’—including a detailed discussion on the empirical, theoretical, and logical shortcomings—this paper seeks to initiate a theoretical rethinking of feminist as well as dalit scholarship, with employment of analytical, hermeneutical and critical methods.

International audience; Drawing on participant observation and interviews in two yoga studios in the highly socially-stratified city of Marseille, France, this paper explores the understandings of yoga as a health practice that emerge at the intersections between yoga styles and their social contexts of consumption. Its insights emerge from the comparison of three modern yoga styles that were developed for Western English-speaking cultural contexts – Iyengar, Bikram and Forrest – and which differ in form but also in the chronology of their emergence on the global yoga market and that of their reception in France. These three yoga styles are also branded through contrasting mythologies of transformational healing, and the aim of this paper is to explore how a brand conceptualization of yoga as a health practice relates to or resonates with the embodied experiences of practitioners, and to the socio-cultural contexts in which practitioners and their practices are embedded. The paper contributes a new case study to the global yoga scholarship and to a poorly studied French yoga scene, but more importantly, it cross-examines the discourses through which a yoga style is branded, the way it is actually transmitted, and the social context and social positioning of the individuals who practice it. Combining perspectives on the body, narrative and rituals, it identifies how yoga healing is construed in relation to gender, ethnicity and class and the points of consensus and dissent that emerge from the encounters between French social bodies and exogenous yoga styles.

Social status in early-twentieth-century Shanghai hinged on varied markers. Wealth, race, and public conduct each affected social and cultural mobility in complex ways. This paper considers how these themes helped entrench social hierarchies by focusing on non-elite foreigners who occupied racially and socially ambiguous positions in Shanghai. Using the media representation of a murder as a point of access, this paper explores who these non-elites were and what they meant to the society they lived in, arguing that liminality such as theirs induced deep-seated elite anxiety over the stability of Western privilege and white prestige in colonial and semi-colonial environments.

Sexualisation is changing the way we think about romantic love. According to recent research, young people are increasingly confronted by narrowing ideals of sexual attractiveness making romantic intimacy increasingly difficult (American Psychological Association, 2007) forcing a choice between “raunch or romance” (Bale, 2011). This article investigates the alleged distinction between romance and sexualisation, in the process challenging claims that the current crisis of sexualisation is a product of societal change in late modernity. Responding to a call to consider sexualisation from a hitherto neglected historical perspective (Egan and Hawkes, 2012), the paper employs critical discourse analysis to identify the formation of gendered meanings and practices in How the Good Wife Taught Her Daughter, a late medieval advice text for young women, and twenty-first century advice from the MyBliss website. Focusing on sexualised clothing, contact with others, reputation, and social status, the paper argues that in both medieval and modern advice, discourses of romantic love and sexualisation are mutually dependent. In addition, similarities between medieval and modern advice reveal that our current sexualisation crisis is not solely a product of modern life, but is part of a longer pattern of gender normativity and inequality.

Current studies of race, class, and gender inequality in the United States are centered in a paradigm of intersectionality. Emerging from feminist studies and racial/ethnic scholarship, this new paradigm analyzes the connections between race, class, and gender as they structure inequality and its supporting ideologies. This paper reviews the major tenets of U.S. race, class, and gender studies and discusses the historically changing conditions in the United States that necessitate this kind of analysis. It then investigates the implications of this model for understanding the ideology of neutrality and , ideology of dependency that currently underlie dominant group beliefs about race, class, and gender. The paper, concludes by suggesting the new directions for race, class, and gender studies and discussing the implications of this paradigm for analyses of race and gender stereotypes.

Cultural production is crucial in shaping society. Recent scholarship has drawn attention to the way that the occupations involved with cultural production, brought together under the banner of cultural and creative industries (CCIs), do not reflect the demographics of British society. In particular, research has demonstrated significant exclusions based on gender (e.g. Conor et al 2015), race and ethnicity (e.g. Saha 2018, Nwonka and Malik 2018), and class (e.g. Hesmondhalgh 2018). This paper seeks to understand how these inequalities are maintained by looking at a comparatively under-researched group: senior men in positions of power making decisions in CCIs. The paper presents data from 32 interviews with senior men across a range of CCI occupations, conducted as part of a larger set (N=237) of interviews on inequality and careers in CCIs. The analysis shows that misrecognition and outright rejection of inequalities is now unusual; that ‘inequality talk’ and the recognition of structural barriers for marginalised groups is a dominant mode for senior CCI men; that gentlemanly tropes and the idea of luck, rather than structural advantages, were used by senior men to explain their own success and separate and distance them as individuals from the inequalities they described; and that men felt they had limited capacity to effect genuine change in the context of a set of occupations they understood as fairer than other professions. Overall, the analysis shows how ‘inequality talk’ and the awareness of structural issues differs significantly from senior CCI men’s own accounts of their career success. This difference, and the distance between the discourse of career luck and ‘inequality talk’ helps to explain the persistence of exclusions from the workforce for those who are not white, middle class origin, men. This has important implications for inequality in other professions and areas of social life.

This dissertation focuses on the expanding paid care work sector as a key terrain for examining labor market inequalities in the United States and China, with three papers attending to different aspects of social stratification. In the U.S., men’s presence in care work jobs remains rare despite the fast job growth in education and health care and the decline in traditionally male-dominated manufacturing sectors. Despite growing public interest, little is known about the reasons and pathways of men’s transition into care work jobs. The popular discourse attributes men’s reluctance to a matter of gender identity, whereas scholars adopting a structural approach argue that men have little incentive to enter care work jobs mainly because those jobs are underpaid. The first paper examines how well the structural and cultural approaches, respectively, explain why men enter care work jobs or not. Moreover, care work jobs have been increasingly polarized in terms of pay and job security since the 1970s, and the polarizing pattern of care work job growth is characterized by racial disparity. Is such pattern driven by racial disparity in education and labor market experience, and/or by racial discrimination? The second paper addresses this question by examining the changing determinants of entering into low-paying versus middle-to-high-paying care work jobs between two cohorts of young men who joined the workforce under different labor market conditions. Findings suggest a persisting logic of a racialized “labor queue” underlying the changing patterns of racial inequality. In the context of urban China, the transformation from a centrally planned socialist economy to a profit-oriented market economy has ended welfare-based, life-long employment in the cities, and fundamentally changed the social organization of care. The third paper examines how care workers fared in terms of earnings relative to non-care workers since the early 2000s and the factors contributing to the earnings disadvantages of care workers. Taken together, this dissertation aims to provide a better understanding of intersecting inequalities by gender, race, and class in the paid care work sector under changing social and economic contexts.

The night-time economy is often described as repelling consumers fearful of the ‘undesirable Others’ imagined dominant within such time-spaces. In this paper we explore this by describing attitudes towards, and reactions to, one particularly contentious site: the ‘lap dance’ club. Often targeted by campaigners in England and Wales as a source of criminality and anti-sociality, in this paper we shift the focus from fear to disgust, and argue that Sexual Entertainment Venues (SEVs) are opposed on the basis of moral judgments that reflect distinctions of both class and gender. Drawing on documentary analysis, survey results and interview data collected during guided walks, we detail the concerns voiced by those anxious about the presence of lap dance or striptease clubs in their town or city, particularly the notion that they ‘lower the tone’ of particular streets or neighbourhoods. Our conclusion is that the opposition expressed to lap dance clubs is part of an attempt to police the boundaries of respectable masculinities and femininities, marginalizing the producers and consumers of sexual entertainment through ‘speech acts’ which identify such entertainment as unruly, vulgar and uncivilized. These findings are considered in the light of ongoing debates concerning the relations of morality, respectability and disgust.

This study examines the lived realities of Haitian Americans residing in Miami, Florida. By drawing on theories of global capitalism, migration, transnationalism, and diaspora it explores how the experience of Haitian migrants living in the Miami community of Little Haiti offer insights as to whether transnational, diasporic communities are uniquely placed to become socially aware and political active within their diasporic communities . Most studies on Haitians in the United States focus on New York. However, those residing in the global city of Miami are a unique population of mostly working-class Haitians who, marginalized by U.S. politicians, the media, and migrant groups in Florida, are rendered precarious. Such experiences can push Haitian migrants to maintain transnational links and form diasporic communities in areas such as the ethnic enclave of Little Haiti.Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with Haitian volunteers and employees at the Little Haiti Community Support Center (LHCSC), in July 2014 I explored the lived experiences of politically engaged Haitian migrants residing in this diasporic community. From the interviews emerged a hybrid, at times ambivalent, diasporic political and cultural consciousness maintained through transnational forms of solidarity. Political consciousness developed in community and in strategic collaborations with other Black diasporic groups. Cultural consciousness functioned as a tool of empowerment and a medium for critiques of U.S. policies, aspects of Haitian culture, and gender norms. Activism solidified communities and families and cultivated new practices to pass on to the next generation. Using the LHCSC as an example of a transnational, politically active site of community, this paper explores how an ethnic community becomes unified as diaspora, and more socially and globally aware as a consequence of their migrant experience.

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar a importância do estudo inaugural de Heleieth Saffioti, A mulher na sociedade de classes: mito e realidade (1969), tanto para o desenvolvimento do pensamento feminista brasileiro quanto para a pesquisa sociológica desenvolvida por e sobre mulheres na América Latina. Seguindo as instruções de Antonio Candido (2013), analisamos o livro como quem observa um tríptico: como centro, a teoria do materialismo histórico; na lateral esquerda, uma profunda análise do papel que a mulher ocupa nas sociedades ocidentais capitalistas em geral e no Brasil, em particular; na lateral direita, uma crítica feroz aos mitos que cercam as ideias sobre o proceder científico de homens e mulheres. Abstract: This paper aims to highlight the importance of Heleieth Saffioti’s inaugural study A mulher na sociedade classes: mito e realidade (1969) both for the development of the Brazilian feminist thinking and for Latin American sociological research developed by and for women. Following Antonio Candido’s instructions (2013), we analyze the book as one who observes a triptych. In the triptych’s center is historic materialism; in its left side is a profound analysis of the role carried out by women in western capitalist societies in general and in Brazilian society in particular; in its right side is a fierce critic of the myths surrounding the notions about the way in which men and women approach science.

The article analyzes the discourses on domestic workers by Brazilian employers on two online social networks. We have sought to understand from the speeches, what relationships these have with race, gender, and social class categories. The speeches analyzed in this paper strengthen the gender inequalities concerning domestic labor and present classists and racists ideologies that disseminate the inferiority of the Black and the impoverished people while manifesting a nostalgia for enslavement relations. Este artículo analiza discursos sobre trabajadoras del hogar publicados en dos redes sociales producidos por personas que se ponen en el lugar de contratistas de trabajadoras del hogar. Buscamos comprender las relaciones de los discursos con las categorías de raza, género y clase. Los discursos analizados reflejan las desigualdades de género relacionadas con el trabajo doméstico, y reproducen ideologías clasistas y racistas que configuran un proceso histórico de subordinación de los pobres y negros, manifestando un anhelo por las relaciones de esclavitud. Este artigo analisa discursos sobre trabalhadoras domésticas publicados em duas redes sociais produzidos por pessoas que se colocam no lugar de contratantes de trabalhadoras domésticas. Buscamos entender as relações dos discursos com as categorias de raça, gênero e classe. Os discursos analisados refletem as desigualdades de gênero relacionadas ao trabalho doméstico, e reproduzem ideologias classistas e racistas que configuram um processo histórico de subalternização de pessoas empobrecidas e negras, manifestando um saudosismo das relações escravocratas.

Research in social stratification tends to focus on class differences in educational and occupational attainment, with particular attention to primary and secondary effects in the former, and class reproduction in the latter, domain. Research in ethnic studies tends to focus, however, on ethnic penalty or premium. Many studies have been conducted in each tradition on specific issues but little research is available that examines class, gender and ethnic effects simultaneously or in tandem with contextual effects, let alone on the whole trajectory from compulsory schooling, through further and higher education, to labor market position. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, this paper shows pronounced class differences but remarkable gender progress in each of the educational domains. With regard to ethnicity, people from minority ethnic heritages had lower GCSE scores due to poorer family conditions but achieved higher transition rates to A-Level study, higher university enrollment and, for some groups, greater attendance at elite universities, resulting in an overall higher rate of degree-level attainment than did whites. One might expect members of ethnic minority backgrounds to fare equally well in their earlier careers in the labor market, but only to find them more vulnerable to unemployment, less likely to have earnings, and more disadvantaged in terms of disposable incomes.

Over the past decade, incidents of rape, sexual discrimination, honour killing, acid attacks and sex-related murders in Indian cities have come under much media and public scrutiny, significantly impacting conceptions of gender, risk and women’s safety in urban spaces. The city itself has become a dominant trope for underscoring the anxieties, discourses and exegeses of sexual violence, as exemplified in the oft-cited designation of Delhi as the ‘rape capital of India’. This introduction to the themed section critically engages with ‘the urban’ in its attempts to understand sexual violence in India, and focuses on the multiple public (workplace, leisure, street lives) and private (domestic, intimate) arenas of urban life where sexual violence is encountered, and the resources they provide to counter it. The co-editors engage with the interdisciplinary research papers by contributing authors that show how sexual violence is ‘(en)countered’ in women’s right-wing politics, processes of cultural production, community health activism, experiences of aggressive relationships, and men’s growing anxieties about women’s self-determination in Indian cities. With a specific ethnographic emphasis on women’s experiences, rhetoric, representation and resistance to harassment, the theme section analyses sexual violence through the lens of urban, social and spatial transformations in the region.

Lucky Jim is one of the novels that mark the beginning of a small subgenre of contemporary fiction called the campus novel. It was written and published in the 1950s, a period when more women and working-class people started attending universities. This paper analyses the representation of women in terms of their gender and class.

The Applied Hermeneutics department of the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (Argentina), Fundación MenteClara Internacional’s Peer-Reviewed Journal and the history department of Savitribai Phule Pune University (India) call for papers addressing the following topics egalitarian philosophies of caste, class, gender, and life choices looking for relationships between humanist philosophies, existential phenomenology, and their influence on the work and thinking of those who fostered the evolution of shudras and dalits from ignorance and slavery in India, just as Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, Savitribai Phule, Sathyavani Muthu, and others have done in other continents. This call aims at discussing and integrating concepts as well as creating new academic tools to emancipate individuals and bring them to the same condition of being by gathering, in a common forum, different disciplines that contribute to solve and make inequalities of caste, class, gender, and life choices visible. We will have in particular consideration (financing projects) empirical research related to the critical analysis of the discourse of contemporary social actors to identify, in those leading or influencing the destinies of regions, tendencies to segregate, massify or emancipate people in verbal or body language. ................> See full articl here

El presente artículo aplica la metodología del tiempo discrecional al caso de la sociedad española. Mientras que la noción de tiempo libre en los estudios sobre usos del tiempo es generalmente construida como el remanente tras sustraer el tiempo efectivamente empleado en el empleo, el trabajo doméstico y los cuidados personales, el tiempo discrecional usa en su lugar el mínimo tiempo que es necesario emplear en las rúbricas indicadas. Al emplear estándares de necesidad en lugar de elecciones concretas, se configura como una aproximación más adecuada a la autonomía temporal de la que disfrutan los individuos y, por extensión, a su respectivo bienestar individual. Con el objetivo de desvelar las diversas segmentaciones existentes en la sociedad española en lo tocante al tiempo, el énfasis recaerá primordialmente en las intersecciones existentes entre las relaciones de género y la clase socioeconómica de origen This paper applies the ‘discretionary time’ methodology to the Spanish case. Whereas the notion of free time in time-use studies is generally constructed as the remainder once the time dedicated to paid work, domestic work and personal care, respectively, has been subtracted, the notion of discretionary time considers instead the minimum necessary time that is to be dedicated to the above-mentioned groups of activities. By using standards of necessity in place of actual time allocations, it stands as a more accurate approach to temporal autonomy enjoyed by the individuals and, by extension, to their respective personal welfare. In order to unveil existing time-related segmentations in the Spanish society, special emphasis will be put upon the intersections between gender relations and the socio-economic class SI

O texto esta construido a partir da longa ambientacao dos autores na docencia de ensino de Historia e nas pesquisas acerca da cultura escolar e das questoes de raca e genero. Fruto dessa prolongada insercao, a proposta e compreender a complexidade etnico-racial do territorio escolar, tomando como base a analise de um recorte de processo pedagogico: a construcao de narrativas historicas situadas. Tais narrativas foram elaboradas pelas alunas e alunos de escola de ensino fundamental a partir de um exercicio de analise interseccional de fontes historicas primarias, ligadas aos bens culturais aos quais a comunidade escolar atribui sentido de patrimonio. Posteriormente, foi tecida, em documentario audiovisual, uma producao feita com tecnicas simples de gravacao. O trabalho de pesquisa opera com percursos investigativos acerca da Historia das mulheres de uma vila de classe popular em Porto Alegre, onde a escola se localiza e com quem mantem estreitas relacoes. O texto cruza marcadores de raca, genero e classe e avanca o conceito de ensino de Historia situado, valendo-se da nocao de escrevivencias. E fruto de projeto de pesquisa conjunto dos autores e dialoga com o campo do que tem sido chamado ensino de temas sensiveis, questoes socialmente controversas ou passados vivos. Traz excertos de falas de alunos e alunas, e detalha acoes pedagogicas feitas com intencao de pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Historia. Raca. Classe. Genero. Ensino de historia situado. ABSTRACT This paper is written from the authors’ long-standing teaching history and research on school culture and issues of race and gender. As a result of this long term insertion, the proposal is to understand the ethnic-racial complexity of the school territory, based on the analysis of a pedagogical process: the construction of “placed on” historical narratives. These narratives were elaborated by the students of elementary school from an exercise of intersectional analysis of primary historical sources, linked to the cultural assets to which the school community attributes a sense of Heritage. Subsequently, they were woven into an audiovisual documentary, produced using simple recording techniques. The research work deals with research on the history of women in a popular class village in Porto Alegre, where the school is located and with whom it maintains close relationships. The text crosses markers of race, gender and class, and advances the concept of teaching of situated History, using the notion of “escrevivencias”. It is the result of a joint research project of the authors, and dialogues with the field of what has been called teaching of sensitive issues, socially controversial issues or past living. It brings excerpts from student and student speeches, and details pedagogical actions done with research intent. Keywords: Teaching history. Race. Gender. Class. Placed on historical narratives.

Research in environmental epigenetics explores how environmental exposures and life experiences such as food, toxins, stress or trauma can shape trajectories of human health and well-being in complex ways. This perspective resonates with social science expertise on the significant health impacts of unequal living conditions and the profound influence of social life on bodies in general. Environmental epigenetics could thus provide an important opportunity for moving beyond long-standing debates about nature versus nurture between the disciplines and think instead in ‘biosocial’ terms across the disciplines. Yet, beyond enthusiasm for such novel interdisciplinary opportunities, it is crucial to also reflect on the scientific, social and political challenges that a biosocial model of body, health and illness might entail. In this paper, we contribute historical and social science perspectives on the political opportunities and challenges afforded by a biosocial conception of the body. We will specifically focus on what it means if biosocial plasticity is not only perceived to characterize the life of individuals but also as possibly giving rise to semi-stable traits that can be passed on to future generations. That is, we will consider the historical, social and political valences of the scientific proposition of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The key question that animates this article is if and how the notion of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance creates new forms of responsibilities both in science and in society. We propose that, ultimately, interdisciplinary conversation and collaboration is essential for responsible approaches to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in science and society.

In this article, I examine the ways in which governing bodies at the Finnish national and also European Union levels talk about young people and our shared future in Finland. I use their youth policy documents as material for critical discourse analysis. My argument is that, besides presenting visions of a desired future, these papers also produce and reproduce divisions between young people that reflect gender and class positions. Young people are divided into those who have potential, those who will take care of others’ needs, and those who are at risk of marginalisation. I also argue that the Nordic policy tendency to conceive of youth as a resource rather than as a problem is not consistent. Finnish youth policy has changed, firstly because of the changing economic environment – the politics of austerity – and secondly because of Europeanisation.

This article asks why classical music in the UK, which is consumed and practiced by the middle and upper classes, is being used as a social action program for working class children in British music education schemes inspired by El Sistema. Through exploring the discourse of the social benefits of classical music in the late nineteenth century, a particular classed and gendered morality in relation to music can be traced that has parallels today. This paper argues, first, that classical music education fits with a middle-class disposition by rewarding investment in a future self; second, that it cultivates an ideal of hard work as a moral project; and third, that classical music allows young women to perform a “respectable” female identity. UK Sistema-inspired programs, in drawing on Victorian ideas of the “civilising influence” of culture, symbolise hope for the continuation of the bourgeois social project into the future.