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This paper presents an analysis of syntactic collocations that include the constraints on an adjective phrase (AP) and adverbs or final particles (X) in the ɬwa:n⁵ + AP + X construction, as well as its pragmatic features and grammatical functions in the Kam language. ɬwa:n⁵ functions as an exclamative marker (EM) that conveys the expressive meaning of the speaker's attitude. The primary lexical meaning of ɬwa:n⁵ is 'to calculate' or 'to regard as', and the word is borrowed from Chinese (算 suàn, 'to count', 'to calculate', 'to regard as'). The role of ɬwa:n⁵ in the construction ɬwa:n⁵ + AP + X will mainly be discussed in this paper. In addition, the adjectives that can collocate with ɬwa:n⁵ are subject to a gradeability restriction, that is, only gradable adjectives can collocate with ɬwa:n⁵. In general, the ɬwa:n⁵ construction is used to express that the speaker expected an existing situation with a gradable property; in reality, the degree follows a particular scalar and surpasses the expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to investigate the role of dictionary form (paper versus electronic) in language reception, production and retention. The body of existing research does not give a clear answer as to which dictionary medium benefits users more. Divergent findings from many studies into the topic might stem from differences in research methodology (including the various tasks, participants and dictionaries used by different authors). Even a series of studies conducted by one researcher (Dziemianko, 2010, 2011, 2012b) leads to contradictory conclusions, possibly because of the use of paper and electronic versions of existing dictionaries, and the resulting problem with isolating dictionary form as a factor. To be able to argue with confidence that the results obtained follow from different dictionary formats, rather than presentation issues, research methodology should be improved. To successfully generalize about the significance of the medium for decoding, encoding and learning, the current study replicates previous research, but the presentation of lexicographic data on paper and on screen is now balanced, and the paper/electronic opposition is operationalized more appropriately. A real online dictionary and its paper-based counterpart composed of printouts of screen displays were used in the experiment in which the meaning of English nouns and phrases was explained, and collocations were completed with missing prepositions. A delayed post-test checked the retention of the meanings and collocations. The results indicate that dictionary medium does not play a statistically significant role in reception and production, but it considerably affects retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy of explicit lexical collocation instruction via the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). To improve competence in lexical collocation and writing performance and to examine whether collocational competence and writing performance have a linear interrelation, 16 international English for Academic Purposes students received training on the use of the COCA interface. They were asked to first analyze the lexical collocations used in an academic paper, then search COCA for collocations to see how they are used pragmatically, and, finally, write an academic research paper on their own. A dependent t-test measured significant differences in performance, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient identified the strength of the correlation between lexical competence and writing performance and their association with each other, respectively. The results showed that when students are given explicit instruction on how to utilize COCA to identify lexical collocations and their use in various contexts, both their lexical collocational competence and writing performance improves and, furthermore, these improvements correlate with each other. Implications for teaching lexical collocation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovo a Slovesnost is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents a corpus linguistic perspective on two adjectival suffixes -al and -ell in the German language. Its attention is focused on the distributional frequency of the derived adjectives, the semantic motivation and contextual occurrence through the lens of retried adjective + noun collocations. On top of that, the paper attempts to determine the superiority of such derived adjectives in the specialised vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the introductory article to this special issue, the two editors first provide a brief insight into how it arose and then give an overview of the contents of the individual papers, all of which are dedicated to phraseography or metaphraseography. These two fields of linguistic research belong to both phraseology and (meta-)lexicography and deal with the inclusion of phrasemes in dictionaries and the corresponding practical and theoretical issues. The articles also have in common that they focus on various diatopic Romance varieties spoken in Italy (Genoese, Trentino, Piedmontese, Tuscan, regional Italian of Rome, Sardinian, Catalan of Alghero), Croatia (Istriot), Spain and Latin America (regional varieties of Spanish). Since the term phraseme is used in a broad sense in this publication, numerous different phraseological categories are discussed in the papers, including, for example, syntagmatic verbs and partially lexically filled constructions, in addition to more classical categories such as idioms, proverbs and collocations. Finally, it will be briefly argued why this special issue, which is inspired by the two research projects GEPHRAS and GEPHRAS2, can be regarded as particularly innovative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the Italian multiword expression fuga dei cervelli (en. 'brain drain'), used since the 1960s and, nowadays, pivot of an ideologically oriented storytelling. This work aims to shed some light, in particular, on the following points: frequency evolution (in comparison to English, French, Spanish and German synonimes); lexical integration strategies and paths; transformations (variants, derived collocations, parodic reformulations, etc.); used synonimes; referential scope (who fugge 'runs away' from where?); conclusions are dedicated to outline future steps of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at exploring the semantic innovation paszport 'passport' in Polish. The analysis involves a comparison of the traditional meanings of the word (taken from dictionaries of Polish: USJP, WSJP PWN, and WSJP PAN) and new meanings in texts excerpted from the Internet. Additionally, OED is consulted for the definitions of its English counterpart (passport). The study shows that the word paszport appears in new meanings and new collocations (usually triggered by English), and its development in Polish can be seen as multidirectional. Additionally, the author discusses a word from the normative point of view and concludes that it is often overused and its new uses are not always warranted and necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics / Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada (John Benjamins Publishing Co.) is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the difficulties of translating Chinese expressions frequently used in communicating governmental policies to the public. In particular, we focus on the expression wenming 文明, a term with manifold meanings and uses, which often ends up being translated into English simply as 'civilised'. This translational convention is problematic because wenming in Chinese tends to be used in many collocations where the English civilised sounds distinctly alien. In order to systematically investigate this translational problem, we propose a bottom-up tri-partite approach to the study of Chinese policy expressions in general and wenming in particular. This novel mixed-method approach not only allows us to go beyond essentialist generalisations about expressions frequented in Chinese political discourse, but more importantly it allows us to unearth and label practical difficulties faced by translators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpus linguistic methods can now be easily employed in a wide range of studies within sub-disciplines of linguistics and well beyond. In a two-part paper, Gries (2022a, 2022b) challenges some of the most widely used 'association measures' of what many might feel to be powerful aspects of text patterning: collocation and key words. While the additional association measure offers some new possibilities, this paper highlights the strong influence of another frequency parameter on odds ratio and Gries's suggested association measure, and questions the applicability of his cautions for many different kinds of corpus research. Nevertheless, having been inspired to look at different aspects of association and dispersion more carefully, the author presents some new visualizations which were designed to communicate some of the important lessons to be learned from Gries's papers, especially for learners and teachers using corpus tools in Second Language classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyse critically media headlines of leading Indian e-papers during the crisis of Pulwama phase igniting from 14th of February to 31st of March 2019. The study has included five newspapers from India. The research has examined role of concordance of lexicon and collocations for angling news headlines. The research design is qualitative in approach. For the analysis of news headlines Fairclough's 3-D model (1992) is employed to expose ideological representation through semantic devices (concordance and collocations). Theoretical framework includes selected features of Paul Chilton's Model of Deictic Space Theory (2004) like, Proximization, and Wieczorek's (2013) Clusivity to analyse the text. The results give deeper understanding of indian journalistic discourse that shows Concordance of use of words like terrorist/s, attack, JeM, dangerous and phrases like punishing Pakistan, threats of surgical strike, reflects the trend to be so grave and lethal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man's discernments or perspectives about the truth are molded and formed by the language in which they are communicated. In this way, our insight into ethical quality is communicated in the language we use. This paper looks at the interrelatedness of language and ethical quality utilizing the lattice of Gabriel Okara's 'The Voice'. It investigates the connection among language and ethical quality, and how they highlight in the genuine situation. It uses the technique for literary examination and hermeneutic phenomenology in doing the exploration. It presumes that language and profound quality are indivisibly bound together. It suggests a reappraisal of Okara's origination of language and profound quality inside the structure of African morals. Past linguistic examinations on Gabriel Okara's 'The Voice' have focused on the trial procedure of literal interpretation which the creator embraced in the message, in light of the waiting issue of language in African writing. Such investigations definitely stand out to talk highlights utilized by the creator, which are basic to the portrayal of the language of the text. With Halliday's foundational practical sentence structure, inside the expansive talk elaborate hypothetical system, as the scientific model, this review, consequently, looks at the message as friendly talk, zeroing in on paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations like synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and collocation, separately, which help the creator not exclusively to convey meaning, yet additionally to accomplish union and rationality in the message. The review upgrades the comprehension and understanding of the language of Gabriel Okara's text specifically and literary discourse in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Applied Linguistics Journal is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this paper is to test productive collocational competence of German as a foreign language students at the University of Debrecen. The test aims to analyze compensational strategies that are used by students in their texts. In the first part of this paper we take a look at the terms collocation and collocational competence and the second part aims to show the results of the written test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In language teaching, a study of the corpora gives teachers access to authentic texts and the language of these texts is the language used in real-life communication. Social structures and culture-defined representations of gender influence sexist language or choice of words based on gender bias. Based on the premise that adjectives as 'describing words' help define and express human behaviour, attitude and psyche, this research paper tries to explore and compare collocational behaviour of adjectives using four pairs of female and male nouns for marital relationships (bachelor and spinster, bridegroom and bride, husband and wife, and widower and widow) in the British and the Indian contexts. Considering that these four noun pairs sequentially represent the four stages in a marital relationship, this comparative analysis tries to demonstrate with collocational evidence the categorization of social identity and power distribution, the presence of sexism in language usage, and analyzes and interprets the cultural meanings they embody. By examining the gendered adjective-noun collocational frequencies and dispersions in the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English (KC), this paper seeks to present certain key perspectives in gender representations in two diverse socio-cultural and historical backgrounds and analyze how gendered language is used by native and non-native speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a corpus-driven Sinclairian analysis of five high-frequency Slovene verbs covering the lexical paradigm 'to express orally' in combination with their premodifying adverbs of manner. One of the main goals of the paper is to establish how frequent the phenomenon of semantic prosody actually is among high-frequency lexical items (here, adv-v pairs). A methodology aiming to provide an answer to this question has been proposed featuring the top-down approach (i.e., in order of decreasing frequency of occurrence). It involves setting up the widest possible parameters of searching for so-called 'extended units of meaning' and their semantic prosody amongst the most frequent lexical patterns in a language. A total of twenty-six adv-v pairs have been examined. Results indicate a strong correlation between the frequency of multi-word lexical items and their tendency to develop semantic prosodies: high-frequency collocations are thus more likely to have semantic prosodies compared to their lower-frequency counterparts. Overall, results also corroborate the trend of semantic prosody to be found with mainly negative meanings and to a lesser extent in neutral meanings, while no positive semantic prosody has been determined in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MWE knowledge is key in the process of learning a foreign language, but its teaching remains hindered by the lack of list of expressions connected to pedagogical aims. In this paper, we present an extended version of the PolylexFLE database, containing 4,525 French multiword expressions (MWE) of three types: idioms, collocations or fixed expressions. In order to propose exercises following the difficulty scale of the European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), we used a mixed approach (manual and automatic) to annotate 1,186 expressions according to the CEFR levels. The paper focuses mostly on the automatic procedure that first identifies the expressions from the PolylexFLE database (and their variants) in a corpus of pedagogical texts (with CEFR labels) using a pattern-based system. In a second step, their distribution in this corpus is estimated and transformed into a single CEFR level. The automatic approach proposed is finally evaluated by 52 French as foreign language learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify what archaic words/word groups were still known and used both among language speakers and Turkish National Corpus (TNC) as an indication of lexical change in Turkish from 1900 to 2020. The present study explores the diachronic variation of lexical change in Turkish by combining the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic approach with the perspective of historical sociolinguistics. The words/collocations thought to be outdated from the original version of "Eylül" novel, written in 1900, were selected and randomly subsampled using a computer-based randomization algorithm. A survey was formed using the outdated words/collocations along with the context. The results indicated that demographical variables did not affect word knowledge and that the archaic words were unfamiliar to all participants uniformly. The overall comparison of words/collocations tested in TNC and survey indicated similar results as the most and the least frequently used words were also the most and least abundantly present in TNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fluminensia is the property of Fluminensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines how adverbs of degree tend to collocate with particular words produced by Georgian Learners of English, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. Various collocation measures are used to show the strength of the bond between selected amplifiers (maximizers and boosters). The research is based on the contrastive corpus analysis of native speakers' corpus (Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers) and Georgian learners' corpora (compiled by me in accordance with international learner corpus research guidelines). The aims of our research are: a) To investigate whether natives and Georgian Learners of English demonstrate similar patterns of saliency and agreement in their judgments of adverb + adjective collocations; b) To reveal the difference between the syntactic patterns and lexical meaning of the adverb + adjective collocations produced in written language by Georgian learners of English and native speakers? It is hoped that in the light of the corpus-based evidence on the nature of collocations presented in this study, metalexicographers and learners will be informed about the gaps in terms of collocations acquisition and performance. Amplifier collocations might be expected to have a more explicit and prominent place in learner lexicographic research and the language teaching curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a corpus-based discourse analysis approach, this paper presents a diachronic-cum-contrastive study of institutional translators' mediation of Chinese political discourse through personal pronouns and their collocations with modal verbs, with a view to identifying how interpersonal relations and power distance are diachronically mediated between the author and the readers when recontextualized. The corpus comprises six Work Reports of the Communist Party of China and their corresponding English translations from the 1990s to the 2010s. Textual analysis reveals that there has been a diachronically shifting trend across the six TTs towards constructing a closer and more symmetrical relationship with the target readers vis-à-vis the STs by manipulating personal pronouns. Moreover, the prevalent collocational patterns of 'we' with modal verbs tend to shift from encoding obligation in the earlier TTs to emphasizing inclination in more recent TTs. Further critical analysis of the metadiscourse of China's institutional translation of political discourse suggests that such shifts over time have been motivated by a major ideological evolution in the Chinese political context and the changing target readership. Our findings suggest that a corpus-based diachronic perspective on translation may unveil subtle, patterned variations in minor linguistic signs that provide important clues to broader contextual transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a novel methodological approach to the study of prescriptive language norm dissemination. It reports the result of a study which uses Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (cads) inductively, to identify lexis and discursive patterns indicative of normativity and prescriptivism, in a corpus of literary reviews from Late Modern English. Previous attempts to identify prescriptivism using corpus-based approaches have tended to proceed deductively, using pre-defined indicators of prescriptivism. However, this study uses a speculative research model which proceeds inductively, allowing the datatset to direct the analysis. Thus, whereas research using pre-defined 'indicators of prescriptivism' risks overlooking significant patterns of usage, this approach facilitates a synergy of quantitative and qualitative corpus methods which both yields a broad overview of usage patterns and enables in-depth analysis of relevant discourses. Keywords are used to engage quantitatively with a purpose-built corpus, before collocation and concordancing are used iteratively, allowing immersion of the researcher in the dataset. This methodology yields a set of lexical items which identify moments of prescriptivism and/or normativity in the purpose-built corpus. The findings reported demonstrate the promise of using discourse analytic procedures to examine the performance and dissemination of normativity, in a way that could ultimately be replicated in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research employing psycholinguistic techniques to assess the on-line processing of collocation by native and non-native speakers has flourished in the past few years. This line of research aims (among other things) at exploring actual performance in real time as opposed to the traditional paper-and-pencil testing techniques that have been extensively employed in collocation research. The present paper reviews some of the pertinent research on the on-line processing of collocations and argues for the need for more replication studies in the area. It then looks at how two experimental studies on the topic – Millar (2011) and Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) – may be replicated in order to gain deeper understanding of the key factors behind collocation processing and to obtain more valid and generalizable results that can find their way into language teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines patterns of representation of gender in a domain-specific heritage corpus. To accomplish this, a heritage corpus of mountaineering texts is examined for the strategies employed in the representation of gendered social actors. The research presented uses the corpus The New Zealand Alpine Journal Corpus, an 8-million-word corpus of the New Zealand Alpine Journal (NZAJ) with more than 5000 texts related to the topic of mountaineering. Mountaineering texts have been relatively overlooked in discourse studies so far, even though, like other leisure and sports discourses, the topic has always been highly political. Furthermore, the topic is outstanding in that it is a sport without spectators that relies almost exclusively on discursive events. The present study looks at frequently occurring patterns and typical ways of how gendered social actors are (re)produced within the NZAJ by looking at adjectival and numeral collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic work is usually evaluated by the quality of its abstract which serves as a concise summary of the research findings. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of Move1 in the abstracts of post-graduate dissertations from both Hard Science and Soft Science disciplines. The paper intends to answer three main questions: how is Move1 manifested in terms of its text length? What are the most frequently used Sub-Move patterns of Move1? What are the most common lexical collocations used in Move1? To answer these questions, the study uses Santos’ (1996) framework to analyze a corpus of 100 abstracts selected randomly, 50 from Hard Science and 50 from Soft Science. The findings have revealed that Move1 in Soft Science might use more sentences than those in Hard Science. The findings have also shown that both disciplines rely on Sub-Move-A, stating current knowledge, and Sub-Move2, stating the research gap, as essential for communicating their ideas while the other Sub-Moves were rarely used. In terms of lexical collocations, while post-graduates in both disciplines frequently used the Adjective+Noun lexical collocation as their preferred structure to construct M1, the use of the other lexical collocations varied in both disciplines. The study concluded that Move1 is considered obligatory in situating the research, establishing its context, and capturing and communicating findings. Besides the pedagogical implications suggested, the study’s findings hopefully contribute to the development of abstract move-schema theory, enhance scholarly understanding of Move1 characteristics, and guide future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of collocations in language learning cannot be overstated, particularly with successful academic writing. Previous research on collocation compilation has focused on identifying and compiling lists of general multiword expressions (MWEs) found in academic genres for pedagogical purposes. However, the wide-angle approach employed by these studies may be insufficient for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses, given certain formalities and conventions associated with academic texts, which are often demonstrated through MWEs unique to each field or domain of study. This paper presents a corpus-based investigation to develop a list of commonly and pedagogically useful noun collocations specific to the Geographical Information System (GIS). The research used a corpus containing 1.5 million words from GIS research articles. An innovative four-step selection process was used to compile this list. The outcomes of this study are twofold. First, the collocations associated with the 20 most frequently encountered nouns (including noun + noun, noun + verb, verb + noun, and adjective + noun combinations) within the GIS research articles were identified. Second, this investigation presented fresh insights into the different categories of noun collocations. The research provides important pedagogical implications for ESP instruction, particularly on how collocations might be better understood and taught. The findings emphasise the necessity of focusing on domain-specific collocations, underscoring the role of context in language learning and teaching. The results are expected to help shape effective instructional strategies and material development in ESP classrooms, particularly in GIS-related contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an overview of the conducted research on Lithuanian multi-word expressions, particularly, collocations, and presents the developed resources. Beginning from the identification, analysis, and lexicographic description of MWEs in general, the focus of the research was narrowed down to collocations and their certain features, such as arbitrariness, during the later stages. Arbitrary collocations were seen as having lexically motivated relations and a certain degree of restricted collocability of constituents. Within the framework of the two projects, PASTOVU (2016-2018) and ARKA (2020-2022), corpus-driven approaches were applied to extract and document Lithuanian collocations and develop a number of lexical resources to be discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the model of English writing using artificial intelligence algorithms of neural networks. Based on word vectors, the unsupervised disambiguation, and clustering of multimedia contexts extracted from massive online videos, the disambiguation accuracy reaches over 0.7, and the resulting small-scale multimedia context set can cover up to 90% of vocabulary learning tasks; user experiments show that the multimedia context learning system based on this method can improve the effectiveness and experience of ESL vocabulary learning, as well as the long-term word sense memory of learners. The results are 30% better. Based on the dependency grammatical relations and semantic metrics of collocations on a large-scale professional corpus, we established a collocation intention description and retrieval method in line with users' linguistic cognition and doubled the usage rate of collocation retrieval on the actual deployment system after half a year, becoming a user "sticky" ESL writing aid, and further defined style. Dictionaries only provide basic lexical definitions, and, even if supported by example sentences, they still cannot meet the needs of ESL authors in terms of expressive accuracy and richness. However, the current machine translation is based on the black box deep neural network construction, and its translation process is not understandable and interactive. Among the three algorithmic models constructed in this paper, the multitask learning model outperforms the conditional random field model and the LSTM-CRF model because the multitask learning model with auxiliary tasks solves the problem of sparse data to a certain extent, allowing the model to be trained more adequately in the case of uneven label distribution, and thus performs better than other models in the task of grammatical error detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the analysis of any specialized language should have a representative set of terms, this paper describes the selection of specific Romanian business terms, extracted and processed from a self-compiled corpus, to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Romanian business terminology in order to build an updated Romanian-English glossary of business terms and collocations. The analysis of these linguistic structures is based on the use of analytical techniques that belong to corpus linguistics as it would be impossible to detect them intuitively. The study focuses on the design of a real corpus extracted from the Romanian business environment. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology followed in order to compile a corpus for Romanian business language and propose a list of 100 most frequent business words in Romanian. This proposal is made after the compilation and analysis of a study corpus of approx. 1 million words extracted from 8 genres belonging to written business communication. The present paper is part of a larger study that carried out a contrastive analysis of the Romanian and English business languages in order to find similarities and differences between the two target languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatica et Slavica Iadertina is the property of University of Zadar, Department of Croatian & Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the theoretical background of data-driven learning (DDL) and its hands-on application in French Language Teaching, as well as the didactic potential of using text corpora functionalities to extract collocations. The second part focuses on the analysis of a project conducted among students of Romance Philology. Its objective was a corpus analysis of selected French terms and their Polish equivalents on the theme of social issues. The study reported a good understanding of the principles of corpus analysis by the students and an attempt to draw conclusions based on word frequency and extracted collocations. It was found that DDL could effectively deepen the development of lexical competence, especially as regards lexical combinations. Another conclusion points out that this approach allows the acquisition of extralinguistic competences - the student's autonomy in learning a foreign language, critical thinking and heuristic skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a corpus-driven approach, this paper will address an important aspect of formulaicity in travel journalism, an under-researched genre that has hitherto received scarce attention on the part of academics in general and linguists in particular. In order to compile three 1-million-word comparable corpora, travel articles were downloaded from the online versions of the Guardian, La Repubblica, and Gazeta, to constitute representative samples of the genre in English, Italian and Polish. The texts were annotated for part-of-speech and lemma using TreeTagger. Collocate pairs were then extracted from the annotated data using tailor-made Perl scripts. Subsequently a dispersion filter of presence in at least 20 different texts was applied. The resulting collocate pairs were placed into thematic groups, including: ACCOMMODATION, FOOD, NATURE, SPORT, CULTURE+HISTORY, PEOPLE, PLACE, TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, PRICE, ACTIVITY, EVALUATION, ROUTE, BUSINESS and TIME. The first five categories were subjected to further analysis, and it emerged that there were notable differences in their relative proportions between the three languages. The results show a number of collocations that could be identified amongst the collocate pairs in the three languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates verbal polysemy in a trilingual French-Italian-Romanian corpus by analyzing the arguments that can occur in the predicative structure of three verbs that are used in legal and general language: engager, intenter, introduire and their equivalents in Italian and Romanian. This intralinguistic and interlinguistic comparison allows us to address verbal polysemy by focusing on the morphological and syntactic properties of the verbs, which will be analyzed at three levels. Firstly, we focus on the construction of the arguments (subject and object); secondly, we present the lexical and semantic classes to which the elements that can be found in argument position belong to; and thirdly, we analyse the equivalents in Italian and Romanian of the French verbal collocations formed around the three verbs. We therefore adopt "a method of rational resolution of the phenomena of linguistic polysemy of terms" (Escoubas-Benveniste 2012). On this basis, we will then discuss the implications and applications of the contrastive analysis in teaching legal translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse an orthogonal pseudospectral collocation semidiscrete discretization the r-variable of the nonhomogeneous wave axial symmetric and continuous in the variable t. The analysis is based on an approximation property converges to the Gauss-Radau interpolation operator. We investigate the stability and the convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word-Embedding models have enabled massive advances in natural language understanding tasks and achieved state-of-the-art performances in multiple natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present an original method based on an "easy" meta-embedding to automatically detect and correct Arabic real-words errors that are semantically inconsistent with the context of the sentence. Due to the lexical proximity of words in Arabic, the risk of having this type of errors in documents is relatively high compared to other languages. Our method uses three word embedding techniques and their combination, namely SkipGram, FastText and BERT for both detection and correction. It checks the semantic affinity of words with the immediate context in a collocation and the near context of the sentence. Experiments have shown that the proposed meta-embedding improves the overall performance of our system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of collocations is essential for English academic writing. However, there are few academic collocation referencing tools available and there is a pressing need to develop more. In this paper, we will introduce the ACOP (Academic Collocations and Phrases Search Engine), a newly developed corpus-based tool to search large academic corpora. Using the AntCorGen corpus crawling tool, 100,000 articles from 10 academic areas were downloaded from the PLOS One journal database. A multidisciplinary 500-million-word academic corpus was thus created. Our team further developed the ACOP to allow users to search for collocations and phrases in the academic corpus that we compiled. Additionally, this new tool will allow learners to search for not only bigrams but also for three- to five-word strings. Learners can further search using parts of speech. To validate whether the new tool can assist EFL learners in finding appropriate academic collocations, we compared this tool with BYU's state-of-the-art COCA corpus search tool. The 35 students who participated in the study were randomly divided into two groups. One group used BYU's COCA tool and the other used the ACOP tool. Both groups were asked to identify suitable collocates for 25 gap-fill questions. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that both groups showed a significant improvement in the posttest when they had access to the collocation retrieval systems. However, statistically, the results showed no significant difference between the two tools, as they were equally useful in helping the students find appropriate collocates. According to the users' surveys, compared with the COCA group, the participants in the ACOP group found the ACOP easier to use and the interface was clearer and simpler. The Mann-Whitney U tests of the two groups showed significant differences in the aspect of the interface. The preliminary results indicated that the ACOP can assist EFL learners in finding suitable academic collocations and phrases, and the users' surveys showed positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper dealt with the fact that despite its far reaching importance for language proficiency, collocation competence is one of the most neglected studies in L2 pedagogy. The last few decades have witnessed a growing interest in vocabulary items consisting of more than a single word in the field of language pedagogy. The study adopted descriptive survey, and has as its population the senior secondary students (SSS) three of Nigerian Turkish International College (NTIC), Abuja. 60 SS III students (30 males and 30 females) were randomly selected for the study who responded to a 15-item researcher-designed collocation questionnaire (RDCQ). Reliability index of the instrument, having dealt with its validity process, was determined via test re-test statistical device which produced 0.61 reliability index at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings of the analysis indicate that majority of the respondents ranging from 91.67o/o to 100o/o correctly responded to the RDCQ. For these, it was concluded that the respondents are to a greater extent good in vocabulary which has assisted them in collocation study, and also a good pointer for better performance in their senior school certificate examination (SSCE). Having concluded thus, it was recommended among others that students should be asked to read different types of textbooks, newspapers as well as periodicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia recorded a significant spike after the Sabah State Election, which was held on 26 September 2020. This paper aims to examine news reporting strategies before, during, and after the Sabah Election Day in Malaysia. Related articles from two online local newspapers (one mainstream and one alternative) are compiled into a corpus for this purpose and compared against each other. Using the corpus-assisted discourse approach, #LancsBox6.0 was used to compare statistically significant keywords and their collocates to analyse differences in the way the election was portrayed in both media channels. Findings revealed that both newspapers described news in relation to the number of COVID-19 cases in proximity to reporting of the state election. Arguably, reporting of events is (slightly) different and therefore has repercussions on the way news is represented in mainstream and alternative media. For example, although both online sources reported the significance of the Sabah state election to the rise in COVID-19 cases in Malaysia, The Star used more explicit referencing (e.g., is from Sabah; cases in Sabah) and had a more speculative type of reporting as some of the collocations were found to be from politicians' verbatim that indicated their weak arguments while Malaysiakini provided reports that proved the elections to have had a spill-over effect on the total number of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. Collocation networks also proved to show differences in the way words are used in language and discourse and can be further explored in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores whether the presence or absence of ut in the subjunctival complementation of uolo in Archaic Latin – specifically Plautus and Terence – has any underlying rule. In more than two-thirds of their instances, inflected forms of uolo appear in juxtaposition with their subjunctival clauses, i. e. without a conjoining ut. This juxtaposition occurs most often in some high-frequency collocations, with larger distances between main and subordinate verbs, and in interrogative sentences. The most relevant criterion, however, turns out to be the morphology of uolo itself: 91 % of all 'uolo + subjunctive' tokens are restricted to only three forms. These results indicate that the usage of uolo + subjunctive was already specialized in Archaic Latin. To test this theory, data from Cicero show that the subjunctive complementation of uolo as a whole, with or without a subordinating ut, was under a process of fossilization: the existing tendencies of Archaic Latin are intensified in Classical Latin. The results for uolo are finally compared with similar data for facio (Mazzanti 2020), and similar results are evidenced: distance between main and subordinate verbs and main verb morphology are the main factors determining the use of the conjunction. Subjunctive subordinate clauses without an introductory ut therefore seem to have undergone a process of fossilization between Archaic and Classical Latin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper focuses on the usability of learner corpus in foreign language research. Teachers, lexicographers and researchers use learner corpus data to measure the most fundamental aspect of second/foreign language knowledge – lexical profiles of the learners. Learner corpora provide a mirror for the learners’ language competence. The paper aims to analyze an ongoing project on the learner corpus of Georgian EFL (English as a foreign language) university students. The language productions that make up our yet ‘baby’ learner corpus include written texts. The reason for bringing learner productions into a corpus rather than examining them individually is the desire to arrive at generalizable findings about language acquisition, i.e. which words can the learners produce and with what degree of appropriateness. Our research seeks to answer the following questions: a) what kind of lexical behaviour is represented in the learner corpus data, and b) what is the potential of giving learners/teachers access to the learners' data? The study and the quantitative information described in the work reflect the characteristics of learner English in terms of part-of-speech distribution and collocation usage. The usefulness and advantages of the corpus-based approach will be demonstrated by employing learner corpus-based activities that can be implemented in an educational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of transferring and contriving the perspective and message from a collection of written or spoken text, in the context of teaching English writing as foreign d language. The entire research was conducted with a view to create a writing strategy for use in the popular EFL workbook, New Interchange 3. The research further developed into concept mapping the learners' ability at a pre-writing stage on English as a foreign language (EFL) to generate better argumentative essays. On the basis of the results achieved through analytical and experimental case study, the paper intended to design a course plan for the non-native learners of English in the TEFL Writing classes at the College of Languages and Translation, King Saud University. The paper further evaluated and examined the usefulness of the language tools of corpus, collocation and context as pre-writing strategies. It has been the desired objective of the researcher to observe, analyze, and establish the importance of corpus, collocation and context (C3) as viable pre-writing tools. A case study was conducted to ascertain and present the scientific practicability of the teaching of transferring and manipulating a context as a pre-writing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web has often been considered too vast to be consulted for linguistic purposes or for language learning. This paper will explore whether second language learners can be taught how to navigate the web (i.e., how to perform Google linguistic research, or "Googleology"), in order to improve their language skills. To this aim, a 2 h trial lesson was organized. The trial lesson was delivered to 78 apprentices, divided into groups of 10–15, over a period of six months. During the lesson, the participants were taught how to work with Google Advanced Search syntax. At the end of the lesson, they applied the newly-acquired skills by completing a few tasks concerning term and/or collocational search. The paper findings will highlight that, despite initial hesitation or inaccuracies in completing the exercises, the tasks were performed well. The participants considered the lesson interesting, useful and enjoyable. They felt engaged irrespective of the level of their second language (L2) knowledge, and were more confident in approaching Google Search for linguistic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpus consultation with concordancers has been recognized as a promising way for learners to study and explore language features such as collocations at their own pace and in their own time. This study examined 1.5 million search queries sent to a collocation consultation tool called FlaxCLS (Flexible Language Acquisition Collocation Learning System; http://flax.nzdl.org) over a period of two years to identify learners' collocation look-up patterns. This paper examines and characterizes learners' look-up patterns as they entered search queries, clicked on the query formation aids provided by the system, and navigated through the different levels of collocation information returned by the system to support collocation learning. We looked at how learners formulated query terms, and we analyzed the characteristics of query words learners entered, the characteristics of collocations they preferred, and the sample sentences they checked. Our collocation look-up pattern analyses, similar to traditional user query analyses of the web, provide interesting and revealing insights that are hard to obtain from small-scale user studies. The findings provide valuable information and pedagogical implications for data-driven learning (DDL) researchers and language teachers in designing tailored collocation consultation systems and activities. This paper also presents multidimensional analyses of learner query data, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been explored in DDL research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]