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Theories of scientific and technological change view discovery and invention as endogenous processes 1,2 , wherein previous accumulated knowledge enables future progress by allowing researchers to, in Newton's words, 'stand on the shoulders of giants' 3-7 . Recent decades have witnessed exponential growth in the volume of new scientific and technological knowledge, thereby creating conditions that should be ripe for major advances 8,9 . Yet contrary to this view, studies suggest that progress is slowing in several major fields 10,11 . Here, we analyse these claims at scale across six decades, using data on 45 million papers and 3.9 million patents from six large-scale datasets, together with a new quantitative metric-the CD index 12 -that characterizes how papers and patents change networks of citations in science and technology. We find that papers and patents are increasingly less likely to break with the past in ways that push science and technology in new directions. This pattern holds universally across fields and is robust across multiple different citation- and text-based metrics 1,13-17 . Subsequently, we link this decline in disruptiveness to a narrowing in the use of previous knowledge, allowing us to reconcile the patterns we observe with the 'shoulders of giants' view. We find that the observed declines are unlikely to be driven by changes in the quality of published science, citation practices or field-specific factors. Overall, our results suggest that slowing rates of disruption may reflect a fundamental shift in the nature of science and technology., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

The 2019 13 th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in New Orleans, LA, USA on April 1-5, 2019 with an attendance of over 1000 representatives from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day, week-long event - a full immersion week of bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity and gene therapy. As usual, it was specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small- and large-molecule bioanalysis involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, LBA cell-based/flow cytometry assays and qPCR approaches. This 2019 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2019 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1) covers the recommendations on Innovation in Small Molecules and Oligonucleotides & Mass Spec Method Development Strategies for Large Molecules Bioanalysis. Part 2 (2018 FDA BMV Guidance, 2019 ICH M10 BMV Draft Guideline and regulatory agencies' input on bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity and gene therapy) and Part 3 (New Insights in Biomarkers Assays Validation, Current & Effective Strategies for Critical Reagent Management, Flow Cytometry Validation in drug discovery & development & CLSI H62, Interpretation of the 2019 FDA Immunogenicity Guidance and The Gene Therapy Bioanalytical Challenges) are published in volume 11 of Bioanalysis , issues 23 and 24 (2019), respectively.

We report the top ten papers published by the Journal ofInnovation in Health Informatics in 2017.

In the context of China's strategic goal of carbon neutrality, the realization of green technology innovation to reduce the risk of manufacturing default will help promote the green transformation of firms and achieve high-quality economic development. The study explored the relationship between green technology innovation and default risk by taking the manufacturing industry of listed enterprises in China from 2001 to 2020 as research samples. The results showed that green technology innovation is negatively correlated with default risk. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the benefit effect of heavy-polluting enterprises, state-owned enterprises, and large-scale enterprises was more significant. The mechanism analysis showed that green technology innovation can reduce default risk through market position and capital structure. In addition, the study further distinguished that environmental protection tax was conducive to green technology innovation to reduce the occurrence of default risk. In theory, the study expanded the research paradigm between green technology innovation and default risk in theory, and provided new evidence and enlightenment for reducing the default risk of enterprises and supported the green and sustainable development of enterprises in practice., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In the complex international society, the economic development and defense construction of BRICS countries have attracted increasing attention. This article incorporates technological innovation, militarization, and environmental change into a unified analytical framework to assess the potential impact of technological progress and defense military expenditure on the environment in BRICS countries. Based on CSD tests, unit root tests, and cointegration tests, this study constructs a CS-ARDL model to examine the long-term and short-term relationships among various variables from 1990 to 2021. The results show that technological innovation, military expenditure, and economic growth can significantly increase ecological footprint in the long run, while in the short term, technological innovation and economic growth significantly increase ecological footprint, and the impact of military expenditure is not significant. It is suggested that BRICS countries should focus on supporting low-carbon technology policies and research and development investment, while also considering the use of cutting-edge technology to improve military intelligence capabilities in order to reduce the negative impact of technological innovation and military activities on the environment., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The EKC hypothesis expresses the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and environmental quality. In the literature, the role of technological innovations and income inequality on pollution is a relatively recent discussion in the studies testing the EKC hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of technological innovations, income inequality, exports, urbanization, and growth on CO 2 emissions in EU-27. In addition, while investigating this relationship, exports and urbanization are also considered and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) analysis is applied for the 2005-2019 period. According to the coefficient estimation results, while income inequality, exports, and urbanization increase pollution, technological innovations contribute to environmental quality. Also, the results demonstrated that the EKC hypothesis is invalid in these countries and there is a U-shaped relationship between growth and emissions. The causality test results revealed the presence of unidirectional causality running from all explanatory variables to CO 2 emissions. Moreover, impulse-response graphs demonstrated that the reply of emissions to the shocks in the explanatory variables is similar to the long-run coefficient results. In conclusion, all available empirical evidence for this relationship highlights that income inequality and technological innovations should be considered in policy-making processes to ensure environmental quality in EU-27 countries., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Technological innovation is considered one of the most significant production variables. The influence of natural resource rents on this factor is crucial to the success of nations' sustainability with abundant natural resources. Driven by a theoretical argument, this research investigates the impact of natural resource rents on technological innovation by engaging the "instrumental variable fixed-effect method." With "Driscoll-Kraay's robust standard errors," the research accounts for "cross-sectional dependency" in a panel of 79 economies from 1995 to 2021. The empirical results confirm that natural resource rents positively and significantly impact innovation measured with trademark and patent applications. The findings also indicate that the components of natural resource rents, such as oil and natural gas rents, significantly promote technological innovation. The findings also indicate the roles of human development, financial development, and trade economies in the impact of natural resource rents on technological innovation. Due to heterogeneity, the analysis categorizes countries based on their economic development into "developed," "transition," and "developing" economies. The article finishes with policy implications, arguing that natural resource rent support a more resource-efficient economy and move toward a more circular economy targeted for sustainability. Therefore, emerging markets that initiate natural resource rents can support human capital and financial services through financial sector development and trade in maximizing technological innovation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Theories of innovation emphasize the role of social networks and teams as facilitators of breakthrough discoveries 1-4 . Around the world, scientists and inventors are more plentiful and interconnected today than ever before 4 . However, although there are more people making discoveries, and more ideas that can be reconfigured in new ways, research suggests that new ideas are getting harder to find 5,6 -contradicting recombinant growth theory 7,8 . Here we shed light on this apparent puzzle. Analysing 20 million research articles and 4 million patent applications from across the globe over the past half-century, we begin by documenting the rise of remote collaboration across cities, underlining the growing interconnectedness of scientists and inventors globally. We further show that across all fields, periods and team sizes, researchers in these remote teams are consistently less likely to make breakthrough discoveries relative to their on-site counterparts. Creating a dataset that allows us to explore the division of labour in knowledge production within teams and across space, we find that among distributed team members, collaboration centres on late-stage, technical tasks involving more codified knowledge. Yet they are less likely to join forces in conceptual tasks-such as conceiving new ideas and designing research-when knowledge is tacit 9 . We conclude that despite striking improvements in digital technology in recent years, remote teams are less likely to integrate the knowledge of their members to produce new, disruptive ideas., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

The connection between ecological footprint and economic complexity has significant implications for environmental sustainability regarding the policy. Additionally, institutional quality is crucial in ensuring environmental sustainability and moderating the link between economic complexity and ecological footprint. The task of achieving sustainable environmental development and preventing further degradation of the environment poses a formidable challenge to policymakers. This study delves into the significance of technology innovation and renewable energy in creating a more sustainable environment. Recognizing the need for a more critical review, this research establishes the dynamic linkage between ecological footprint, renewable energy consumption, and technological innovation, especially in conjunction with a moderating component, particularly institutional quality, in G20 countries from 1990 to 2021. We employ advanced panel approaches to address panel data analysis concerns, such as cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, unit root, cointegration test and CS-ARDL. The long-term estimator indicates that renewable energy and technological innovation negatively but significantly impact the ecological footprint. Whilst economic growth, FDI, and urbanization have shown a positive and significant impact on ecological footprint; institutional quality negatively moderates the relationship between ecological footprint, renewable energy, and technological innovation in the G20 countries. Further evidence from the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality test shows that efforts to expand access to renewable energy, technological advancements, and economic growth will significantly affect environmental impacts. Based on our results, it is imperative to introduce more favorable legislation and encourage technological advancements in the field of renewable energy if we want to achieve our sustainable development objectives., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Asides from renewable energy consumption, technological innovation and remittances are mostly ignored as critical tools and resources that can be adopted to ameliorate environmental worries, even when remittances have more considerable resource inflow than official development aids. Based on this information, the current research investigates the implications of technological innovation, remittances, globalization, financial development, and renewable energy on CO 2 emissions in top remittances-receiving countries from 1990 to 2021. To obtain reliable estimates, we use a battery of advanced econometric techniques and method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) method. The AMG results suggest that innovation, remittances, renewable energy, and financial development alleviate CO 2 emanations, whereas globalization and economic growth worsen environmental sustainability by increasing CO 2 emissions. Besides, the MMQR results confirm that renewable energy, innovation, and remittances decrease CO 2 emissions across all quantiles. A bidirectional causality exists amid financial development and CO 2 emanations, and across remittances and CO 2 emissions. However, one-way causality flows from economic growth, renewable energy and innovation to CO 2 . This study suggests some essential measures for ecological sustainability in light of the findings., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Invention of problem situations and experimental objects to study others' thinking is a special kind of creativity worthy of scientific interest. The objects are considered in terms of Latour's actor network theory (as nonhuman actants), cultural psychology (as cultural tools), and Gibson's theory of affordances (as meta-affordances). A fundamental problem of validity in studies of curiosity and exploration is discussed. The author's experience of inventions of exploratory objects to be experimented with is analyzed. An inter(trans)-disciplinary insight penetrating and integrating all levels of the work on an exploratory object is described. An example of participants' revealing of an object's unexpected faculties ("serendipities") undesirable from the experimenter's point of view is given. It is shown that an object designed to study thinking in one sample can be used in another sample with unexpected results. It is argued that automatic generation of problem posing-and-solving situations and exploratory objects, beginning from some levels of their novelty and complexity, is hardly possible because of fundamental limitations of "standard means to generate or score non-standard ends"., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The study assesses the relationship between technology innovation and renewable energy in the G10 countries. According to the findings, technology innovation has a significant impact on renewable energy in various countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the USA. It argues that technological innovation is one of the most important elements in renewable energy in these countries because of their strong innovative base and huge spending on research and development. However, the results for the remaining countries show no causation from technology innovation to renewable energy, implying that variables other than technology innovation drive renewable energy development. On the other hand, renewable energy does Granger cause technology innovation in Germany, the Netherlands, and the USA. These countries need to invest in implementation instead of spending on the existing infrastructure. Furthermore, the increased dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy may leave renewables undeveloped, with less emphasis on renewable-technology diffusion., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This paper studies the impact of financial inclusion on energy consumption in China since the new millennium by using provincial data in China from 2000 to 2019. A financial inclusion index is first constructed, and the spatial-temporal evolution of China's financial inclusion and energy consumption are explored. Second, a spatial econometric model is applied to investing their relationship. Third, the mechanism on how financial inclusion may affect energy consumption is investigated through the mediation effect model. Results show that both financial inclusion and energy consumption show signs of polarization in China. Besides, most provinces saw a significant increase in their per capita energy consumption. Further, the relationship between financial inclusion and energy is U-shaped. Lastly, economic growth and technology upgrading mediate the impact of financial inclusion on energy consumption, with the direct effects (II) dominating the mediation effects. Some policy suggestions are also given., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

As the global climate problem becomes increasingly serious, the green technology innovation to achieve "carbon peak and carbon neutral" has gradually become the global consensus of major countries, and how the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology affects green technology innovation (GTI) has received a great deal of attention in the field of economics. Therefore, based on China's inter-provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019, the system GMM, dynamic panel threshold model, and quantile regression model were constructed to examine various influences of AI development on GTI under different environmental regulation intensity, research and development (R&D) investment, and institutional environmental threshold conditions. The findings presented that AI development significantly contributes to GTI and GTFP, with an impact coefficient of 0.0122 and 0.0084, and this influence is mainly reflected in the western region of China and is more obvious in the 2006-2012 period. AI development mainly enhances green technological efficiency, and it has dampening effects on green technological progress during the period 2013-2019. Additionally, there are non-linear threshold effects in the relationship between the level of AI development and GTI when environmental regulatory intensity, R&D investment, and institutional environment are in different level intervals. AI development will boost GTI only when the intensity of environmental regulation and institutional environment is above a certain threshold value. However, the AI development represented by industrial robot applications still has no obvious effect on GTI even when the R&D investment exceeds a certain threshold. Furthermore, the growth effect of AI development on GTI indicates a decreasing nonlinear pattern as the GTI's quantile rises under the condition that R&D investment and institutional environment intensity cross the threshold, while this growth effect increases gradually with the rise of GTI's quantile when the environmental regulation is above the threshold., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and ecological innovation on carbon (CO 2 ) emissions in a panel of 18 developed countries from 2005 to 2018 using second-generation time-series panel data techniques. We use three robust long-run estimators, namely two-stage least squares (2SLS), panel generalised method of moments (GMM) and generalised least squares (GLS), to resolve heterogeneity, endogeneity and simultaneity in the panels. We further performed causality tests to ascertain the direction of causality between the variables. Our estimations suggest three innovative findings. First, economic growth contributes significantly and positively to CO 2 emissions; however, this happens at an optimal level of growth after which carbon emission reduces, indicating that our sample exhibits an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship. Second, the impact of EPU on CO 2 emissions is diverse: high levels of EPU have a significant influence on CO 2 emissions only in high-polluting countries but not in low-polluting ones. Thirdly, research and development (R&D), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanisation and renewable energy (RE) usage were also found to have varying effects on CO 2 emissions. These findings highlight the heterogeneous relationship between carbon emissions and economic indicators even in advanced economies, as the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) holds true in high-pollution countries while the pollution halo effect holds for low-pollution ones. A key policy implication of this work is that the quest to mitigate emissions should not be a one-size-fits-all approach because not every country's urbanisation rate, FDI inflows, R&D and renewable energy consumption directly affect CO 2 emissions in the face of economic policy uncertainties., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

China's GDP grew 9% annually during the end of the twentieth century. This economic growth degrades China's ecology, making it the world's greatest polluter. This position forced China to invest in developing nations and to take advantage of low-cost labor and increased pollution quotas from the World Trade Organization (WTO) to meet sustainable development objectives without environmental harm. The significance of this study is, first, this study examines the influence of Chinese outward foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, trade openness, technological innovation, and energy consumption on carbon emissions in Asian countries (Turkey, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, India, Indonesia, and Cambodia). Secondly, the panel autoregressive distributed lag cointegration (ARDL) technique was used on data from 2000 to 2020 to investigate the pollution halo/haven hypothesis and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for south Asian nations. This analysis demonstrated that Chinese outbound foreign direct investment increases carbon emissions and confirms the pollution halo concept. Except for India and Pakistan, these nations show a U-shaped link between Chinese foreign direct investment and carbon emissions. So, policy implications recommended by the results of this study are foreign direct investment inflows with modern and ecofriendly technological transfer and enhancement in labor, and conservational management practices will benefit emerging countries to attain their sustainable development goals., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Green technological innovation is an overarching approach to tackling environmental pollution, and mitigating the inequality in green technological innovation between regions can contribute to environmental equity. This study measures the inequality in green technological innovation via an index and examines the influence of digital finance on that inequality using data from 285 cities in China from 2011 to 2018. The results are as follows: (1) Digital financial development alleviates the inequality in green technological innovation, and the greater the inequality is, the stronger the effect of digital finance. The development of digital finance can help regions lagging behind in terms of green technology to catch up. (2) When the financial supervision and environmental restrictions within a region are strict, the development of digital finance is more effective at reducing the inequality in green technological innovation; a higher capacity for governance in the local government and a smaller digital divide strengthen the positive effects of digital finance. (3) The development of digital finance alleviates interregional inequality in green credit, reduces market segmentation, and increases spending on environmental protection, thus narrowing the gap in the capacity for green innovation between regions. These findings not only enrich the literature on digital finance and green technological innovation but also serve as a reference for governmental departments as they optimize their strategy for developing digital finance and coordinating green development across regions., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Achieving global climate change mitigation targets requires low-carbon production in agriculture. In such an endeavor, a new classification of climate-adaptive technology is defined to affect agriculture towards the low-carbon direction, but such an impact has seldom been empirically tested in the literature. In this paper, we investigate the impact of climate-adaptive technological innovation on agricultural carbon efficiency, a proxy for low-carbon agriculture. We use a stochastic directional distance function framework and a cross-country dataset covering 38 OECD countries. Additionally, we test the heterogeneous impact, considering that regional economic development is a crucial condition for deploying advanced technologies. The findings show that climate-adaptive technological innovation can promote carbon efficiency in agriculture, and this aggregate effect hides significant heterogeneity at different levels of economic development. The higher the economic development level is, the better climate-adaptive technological innovation contributes to improving agricultural carbon efficiency. Then, related policy implications are set forth., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The study aims to analyze the impacts of capital misallocation and technological innovation on green development efficiency in China by using the panel data from 2000 to 2018. We employ the Super-SBM model to evaluate green development efficiency and use the system generalized method of moments (GMM) for empirical estimation. The results suggest that capital misallocation has a significant inhibitory effect on green development efficiency. Moreover, capital misallocation restrains technological innovation, which plays an important role in improving green development efficiency. Further research on the effect of regional heterogeneity indicates that the negative impact of capital misallocation on green development efficiency is more significant in the central and western regions, while the effect is not significant in the eastern region. Our findings provide useful policy implications for improving green development efficiency in China., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The double-wheel driven of manufacturing and producer services industrial co-agglomeration is of great significance for transforming the economic growth mode driven by a single industry, integrating and extending regional resources, and improving energy efficiency. Based on panel data from 2004 to 2019, this paper uses the spatial Dubin model to analyze the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) and its regional heterogeneity. Moreover, the mediating model is employed to examine the mediating effect of green technological innovation in the industrial co-agglomeration affects TFEE. Last but not least, the threshold panel regression model is conducted to verify the nonlinear relationship between industrial co-agglomeration and TFEE. The results show that there is a U-shaped curve relationship between industrial co-agglomeration and TFEE. Moreover, there are obvious regional heterogeneities in the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on TFEE and its spatial spillover effect. Meanwhile, industrial co-agglomeration has a significant indirect impact on TFEE through green technological innovation. In addition, there is a single threshold effect on the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on TFEE, only when the industrial co-agglomeration degree crosses the threshold value of 0.6329, can it positively promote the improvement of TFEE., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Global warming is the buzzword these days, where researchers and policymakers are working hard to figure out its causes and how we can achieve sustainable development goals. Several research studies have been conducted to determine the key factors that influence environmental degradation. However, studies have ignored the role of financial institutions in achieving sustainable development goals. Therefore, the present study evaluates the influence of financial stability on consumption-based-carbon emission for BRICS countries in the presence of renewable energy, technological innovation, industry value-added, and international trade over the period of 1995 to 2018. This study has simulated its analyses by utilizing the spatial Durbin model through the spatial time-fixed effect technique due to the cross-border spillover effect. The results show that financial stability, technological innovation, economic growth, and imports contribute to consumption-based carbon emissions, whereas renewable energy and exports negatively influence consumption-based carbon emissions. In the case of cross-border spillover analysis, the study's findings revealed that only renewable energy has a positive spillover effect among the variables with a significant effect, whereas economic growth and bilateral export have a negative effect on consumption-based carbon emission., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The present research scrutinizes the influences of trade diversification, air transportation, technological innovation, and economic complexity on ecological footprint from 1990 to 2019. The findings of the both time series unit root (with and without structural break) tests confirm that none of a single variable is stationary more than the first difference. Furthermore, the Wald and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag bound methods check asymmetry and long-term cointegration relationship between the intended variables, respectively. Moreover, this study uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to estimate the short-run and long-run coefficients/elasticity of the ecological footprint function. Following the empirical evidence, the findings revealed that positive (negative) components in trade diversification curtail the ecological footprint in the long-run. In addition, a positive shock in air transportation leads to an increase in ecological footprint in the long-run. Nevertheless, a negative shock in air transportation exerts a significant and adverse influence on the level of ecological footprint in the long-run. Furthermore, a positive (negative) shock in technological developments significantly reduces environmental pollution in the US economy in the long-run. Besides, the outcomes from economic complexity discovered a positive shock will significantly overcome the pressure on the environment in the long-run. However, in the short-run, it is observed that negative shock in trade diversification will lead to increase the ecological footprint level in USA. Similarly, a positive shock in air transportation will lead to increase the pollution level in the short-run. In contrast, a negative shock in air transportation will lead to reduce the pressure on the environment in the short-run. Besides, in terms of policy realization, the present research recommends adopting trade synchronization, harmonic trade strategies, and investment in technological innovations to diminish the existing level of ecological footprint in the region. For sustainable development, this study put forward for instantaneously encouraging the expansion of the digital economy and reducing air pollution, accelerating the green transformation, and impelling the industrial agglomeration process in the USA., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A carbon market is a widely used policy tool worldwide. This study employs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to estimate the impact of a carbon trading policy on green technology innovation and applies a spatial DID (SDID) model to investigate its spatial spillover effects. The findings suggest that China's carbon market effectively promotes green technology innovation, as green invention patent applications for listed enterprises increase by 28.8% when implementing the carbon trading policy. Moreover, implementing a carbon trading policy promotes local green technology innovation and has spatial spillover effects on neighboring cities. Furthermore, heterogeneity test results show that the spatial spillover effects differ by geographical region, economic development levels, ownership type (state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises), and degree of government intervention. Therefore, we suggest enhancing enterprises' technological innovation by providing policy support and prioritizing the development of carbon markets in regions with high economic development levels., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Science and technological innovation play a crucial role in achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. They are also vital for improving the scale, structure, and allocation of input and output factors, as well as enhancing the marginal efficiency of production factors. This study investigates the impact of science and technological innovation on carbon productivity using data from 30 provinces (cities, and autonomous regions) in China spanning the period from 2004 to 2020. The findings are as follows: First, the spatial characteristics of carbon productivity in China have gradually evolved into "low in the northern regions and high in the southern regions." The spatial distribution of science and technological innovation in China shows a gradual decrease from the southeast to the northwest. Second, employing the fixed effect model, we find that science and technological innovation has a significant positive effect on carbon productivity, with regional variations in the magnitude of the effect. Furthermore, we identify industrial structure rationalization, industrial structure advancement, and industrial structure ecology as important mechanisms through which science and technological innovation influence carbon productivity. The mediation effects are measured at 3.37%, 8%, and 73.94%, respectively. These research findings provide valuable insights for enhancing technological innovation capabilities, realizing low-carbon development, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The aim of this approach is to establish a relation between ecological footprint and technological innovations by using panel data techniques and taking Union for the Mediterranean member countries as the case. On the one hand, the Mediterranean region is an alarming region when it comes to environmental degradation; on the other hand, existing intergovernmental organizations such as the Union for the Mediterranean may provide a sound ground to take common action among all members against such a degradation. The approach takes eleven member countries from the Union for the Mediterranean (Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Türkiye) and observes them for the time frame 1992-2020. By using panel unit root tests and cross-sectional dependency tests, the data is being analyzed for further evaluation using mean group, common correlated effect mean group, and augmented mean group analysis. Regarding the observed variables, we could not identify a common trend for these eleven countries. For the sample of eleven countries, the impact of technological innovations was not significant, but country-level augmented mean group analysis results indicated that for Portugal, this impact was significant and positive., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The article discusses the topics related to scientific papers, patents, and invention which includes invention considered to solve a specific problem, the patent is an exclusive right granted to a patentee for using his invention with a commercial purpose and scientific paper is more humane.

The role of expanding the proportion of high-tech products in the export trade of various countries to identify the appropriate export structure has gradually attracted the attention of governments and scholars. While there is some knowledge on how high-tech product exports affect carbon dioxide emissions, the mechanisms involved in that link have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. This study is based on China's inter-provincial panel data from 2006 to 2017 and uses the stepwise regression method and the bootstrap method to systematically investigate the mediating effects of industrial structure supererogation, low-carbon technological innovation, and human capital accumulation, operating in the impact of high-tech product export trade on regional carbon performance. Since the Pesaran's CD test and the P&Y slope homogeneity test confirm the presence of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity in the panel data, we use the CADF and CIPS unit root tests to verify the stationarity of the variables and therefore employ the CCEMG and DCCE estimators for regression estimation. The research results show that high-tech product exports can help improve regional carbon performance. The mediating variables, industrial structure supererogation, low-carbon technological innovation, and human capital accumulation separately have positive and complete mediating effects on the link between high-tech product export trade and regional carbon performance. The research results highlight the important part of expanding high-tech product exports in improving regional carbon performance and have significance in promoting China's green and low-carbon transition., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Whether high-speed rail (HSR) can promote the coordination between the economy and environment is a critical issue that needs to be investigated. We used balanced panel data of 281 prefecture-level or above cities in China from 2005 to 2017 to consider the opening of HSR as a quasi-natural experiment. We integrated the difference-in-differences (DID) model, the spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) model, and social network analysis (SNA) to empirically investigate the impact of HSR on urban environmental efficiency (UEE). The results showed that HSR significantly improved UEE by 4.6% annually during the study period, although the effect of HSR on UEE exhibited a time lag and varied dramatically in different cities. An analysis of the mechanism showed that the effect of technological innovation and the structural effect brought by the opening of HSR were the main contributors to the improved UEE. Further analysis showed that HSR service centrality also significantly improved UEE and HSR opening and HSR service centrality both had positive spatial spillover effects on the UEE of neighboring cities. Several policy implications are proposed accordingly to make full use of the advantages of HSR to improve UEE for China., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Economic activities, technological innovation and diffusion, energy consumption and financial development have been significant in BRICS countries over the last three decades. Corresponding to it, BRICS have been facing substantial environmental deterioration. The growth of such factors needs a comprehensive analysis. Hence, this paper examines the impact of technological innovation and diffusion, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and financial development on ecological footprint under the Kuznets framework in BRICS countries over the time from 1990 to 2018. To confirm the long- and short-run relationship, we apply the second-generation and heterogeneity panel techniques. Where, to measure the impact of technological innovation and diffusion, energy consumption and financial development and other control variable on ecological footprint we use Westerlund Co-integration and pooled mean group (PMG) model for this interest. The results reveal that technological diffusion and non-renewable energy consumption deteriorate environmental quality in the long run. In contrast, renewable energy and technological innovation improve environmental sustainability/quality significantly. Further, results also confirm the existence of the EKC hypothesis. The study suggests that the government should encourage technological innovation and renewable energy consumption to improve environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG)., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

South Asia is a hub for encompassing air contamination, with 37 of the top tiers of the 40 most contaminated urban communities around the globe (IQAIR, 2020). From this perspective, this research aims to explore the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve while controlling for the impacts of technological innovation and energy consumption on the sustainable economic growth-environmental pollution nexus in the backdrop of South Asian economies by using panel dataset from 1998 to 2018. Therefore, this analysis adopts a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approach for examination, which affirms the EKC hypothesis existence, suggesting that the environment in South Asia is deteriorating while technological innovations have moderated the impact. Moreover, the empirical findings indicate that energy consumption as well as technological innovations both have a significant positive impact on the CO 2 emanations, which harms biodiversity., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Global warming remains the most devastating environmental issue embattling the global economies, with significant contributions emanating from CO 2 emissions. The continued rise in the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions serves as a compelling force which constitutes the core of discussion at the recent COP26 prompting nations to commit to the net-zero emission target. The current research presents the first empirical investigation on the roles of technological advancement, demographic mobility, and energy transition in G7 pathways to environmental sustainability captured by CO 2 emissions per capita (PCCO2) from 2000 to 2019. The study considers the additional impacts of structural change and resource abundance. The empirical backings are subjected to pre-estimation tests consisting of cross-sectional dependence, second-generation stationarity, and panel cointegration tests. The model estimation is based on cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag, dynamic common correlated effects mean group, and augmented mean group for the main analysis and robustness checks. The findings reveal the existence of EKC based on the direct and indirect effects of the components of economic growth. The indicators of demographic mobility differ in the direction of influence on PCCO2. For instance, while rural population growth negatively influences PCCO2 in the short-run alone, urban population growth increases PCCO2 in the short-run and long-run periods. Nonrenewable energy, information computer technology (ICT) imports, and mobile cellular subscriptions serve as positive predictors of PCCO2, while ICT exports and renewable energy moderate the surge in PCCO2. Policy implications that enhance environmental sustainability are suggested following the empirical verifications., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Geopolitical risk (GPR) and other social indicators have raised many somber environmental-related issues among government environmentalists, and policy analysts. To further elucidate whether or not these indicators influence the environmental quality, this study investigates the impact of GPR, corruption, and governance on environmental degradation proxies by carbon emissions (CO 2 ) in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, using data over the period 1990 to 2018. The cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) methods are used for empirical analysis. First and second-generation panel unit root tests report a mixed order of integration. The empirical findings show that government effectiveness, regulatory quality, the rule of law, foreign direct investment (FDI), and innovation have a negative effect on CO 2 emissions. In contrast, geopolitical risk, corruption, political stability, and energy consumption have a positive effect on CO 2 emissions. Based on the empirical outcomes, the present research invites the concentration of central authorities and policymakers of these economies toward redesigning more sophisticated strategies regarding these potential variables to protect the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Continual development necessitates innovation. One must discover seeds of innovation and then concentrate resources on these seeds. To do so, one must recognize technology trends and then adopt and execute appropriate innovation strategies. This study used advanced change point detection method to investigate leading indicators that represent changes in technology trends. We examine patents, papers, and newspaper articles in Japan and US for 55 technologies. Results suggest that patents can be more appropriate as leading indicators than either papers or newspapers. This result can contribute to appropriate innovation strategies for planning and updating, and can provide tools that are useful to decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing interest in researches on the impact of technological development on carbon emissions, the effect of technological innovation on the other indicators of environmental degradation is of little interest. In order to close this gap, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of technological innovation on both carbon emission and ecological footprint for big emerging markets (BEM) countries. In doing so, the environmental impacts of the financialization process are also explored, in line with the fact that these countries face constraints in financing technological developments. In this context, the effects of technological development, financialization, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation are examined through the second-generation panel data methods for the period 1995-2016. The findings indicate that technological innovation is effective in reducing carbon emissions, but does not have a significant impact on the ecological footprint, namely a 1% increase in technological innovations reduces carbon emission by 0.082-0.088%. Moreover, it is found that financialization harms environmental quality for both indicators of the environment because a 1% increase in financialization increases carbon emissions by 0.203-0.222% and increases ecological footprint by 0.069-0.071%.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of climate change technologies on green growth for a panel of overall European economies, Eastern, and Western European economies over 2000 to 2017. The study estimates the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) and IPAT (human impact, population, affluence, and technology) models with a particulate focus to address the issue of cross-sectional dependence and cross-sectional heterogeneity in the model by using Westerlund cointegration approach and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approach. After confirming the cointegration relationship, the findings indicate that in the case of IPAT model, energy-related climate change technology contributes towards green growth, while in case of STRIPAT model, environment-related budget tends to have favorable impact on green growth. However, other variables, such as transport and production-related climate change technologies along with energy consumption, tend to have negative impact on green growth. The findings are almost robust concerning Eastern and Western Europe. The findings indicate that renewable energy is pro-growth and thus the authorities concerned need to promote and encourage the use of renewable energy. In this regard, the role of public-private-partnership is important as well as policymakers need to allocate environment-related specific budget and extend exemption in taxes on the use of environment-friendly technologies. Renewable energy programs ensure an improved return on green growth, although costly to implement. Attention needs to be focused on technologies related to wind power, solar electricity, biogas for electricity and heat generation, and biofuels for transport from low initial levels. Thus, policymakers should focus on the positive impact of environmental regulations. Polluting industries should be taxed to adopt clean technologies and clean industries should be supported with tax exemption as an incentive. Moreover, the research and development (R&D) budget should be increased.

Over the years, nursing research and practice have been through remarkable transformations in response to evolving and emerging healthcare systems and practices. Regarding research, nurses moved beyond merely using the quantitative methodology to combining qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. In practice, nurses have transitioned from the delivery of medical-based care to nursing theory-guided practice, evidence-based practice, knowledge translation and transformative practice. Some domains of nursing research and practice became progressive, while others degenerated. This paper aims to examine how different domains of nursing research and practice progress and degenerate using Imre Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs. Lakatos differentiated scientific and pseudoscientific knowledge and coined the idea of scientific research programs. He believed that science in any discipline develops so that some programs are more progressive and others' degenerative. The degeneration and progression of programs occur steadily and rationally and are determined based on the extent of development and programs' potential to predict new solutions to old problems. Adopting this idea could enable nurses to critically analyse research programs in everyday knowledge development to use valid and legitimate programs for informing nursing practice., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The Yellow River Economic Belt (YREB) is a fundamental ecological protection barrier for China. Its carbon pollution issues are currently severe owing to the extensive energy consumption and unsatisfactory industrial constructions. In this context, this paper estimates carbon emission efficiency (CEE) based on the panel data from 56 cities in the YREB during the period 2006-2019 and analyzes its spatial distribution characteristics. Additionally, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is utilized to examine the effect of technological innovation (TI) on CEE as a result of the moderating effects of government support (GS) and marketization (MA), respectively. The results indicated that (i) in the YREB, CEE exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation characteristics; (ii) TI negatively affected local CEE; (iii) the moderating effect of local GS on the relationship between TI and CEE in the local area was negative, but its spatial spillover effect was still not significant; (iv) the moderating effect of local MA on the relationship between TI and CEE in the local area was also negative, but positive in the surrounding areas. Based on the empirical analysis, a series of policy suggestions are proposed to improve the YREB's CEE., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

With rapid economic growth in the twenty-first century, innovation has become an essential component of national development, and industry-university-research regional collaborative innovation is the key to implementing China's innovation plan. Using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China (excluding Tibet Autonomous Region) from 2011 to 2018, this paper employs the two-stage dynamic DEA model to develop a rating index system of regional collaborative innovation performance, which is divided into knowledge innovation stage and technology innovation stage, and measures the collaborative innovation efficiency of 30 provinces in China. The environmental regulation score is then determined by using the entropy method. Finally, an experimental application of the panel Tobit model is conducted to investigate the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on regional collaborative innovation. The results reveal that the collaborative innovation efficiency values of the majority of provinces are between 0.5 and 0.7, leaving ample room for growth. When the efficiency value of collaborative innovation is broken down by region, the eastern, central, and western regions show a pattern of "rising in the east, stable in the center, and falling in the west." The findings of the Tobit regression reveal that the effect of environmental regulation on regional collaborative innovation performance follows a "U"-shaped distribution, confirming the "Porter Hypothesis." This study proposes remedies and proposals to enhance regional collaborative innovation performance from the perspective of environmental regulation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Energy technology innovation is the necessary way and fundamental means to lead, promote, and support the revolution of energy production and consumption. While natural hazards, as an unavoidable external risk in the long-term development of human society, may affect the regional energy innovation level. In this study, we use the SDM bifixed model to investigate the direct, indirect, and aggregate effects of natural hazards on energy technology innovation for data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. Results indicate that (1) Natural hazards not only have a significant negative impact on local energy technology innovation, but also inhibit energy technology innovation in neighboring regions, with significant spatial spillover effects. (2) Natural hazards have a more pronounced effect in western cities. (3) Natural hazards can enhance energy technology innovation through increasing environmental regulation and reducing FDI. Our study offers suggestions for strengthening post-natural disaster reconstruction and sub-regional resilience to disaster shocks, improving environmental regulation laws and regulations, and attracting more foreign direct investment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In the face of climate change and environmental degradation, reducing emission of greenhouse gases has become a key factor for environmental sustainability. Therefore, the present research is intended to explore the roles of renewable energy consumption, institutional quality, technological innovation, and GDP on carbon dioxide emissions in the 14 EU countries. In doing so, this study employed novel method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) using annual data from 2000 to 2019. Also, a number of other estimators were applied for robustness check including the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and the fixed effect ordinary least square (FE-OLS). The empirical findings indicate that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces CO 2 emissions across all quantiles (0.1-0.9). Furthermore, institutional quality and technological innovation improve environmental quality in 0.1-0.7 quantiles, although GDP enhances carbon emissions significantly in all quantiles. In addition, the FMOLS, DOLS, and FE-OLS results confirmed the MMQR results. The outcomes of this study suggest insights for the policymakers to mitigate carbon emissions through promoting innovative technologies for environmental protection and investing more in the development of renewable energy., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In recent years, the value of green innovation in achieving high-quality development in China has been increasingly recognized. However, studies on different types of green innovation under various environmental regulations have not established a systematic framework; especially, those considering external financing constraints are lacking. This study subdivides both environmental regulation and green innovation. Specifically, environmental regulation is divided into command-and-control regulation, market-incentive regulation, and public-participation regulation. Green technology innovation is divided into cleaner production technology innovation and end-of-pipe technology innovation. Moreover, this study explores whether and how environmental regulation affects green technology innovation, and investigates the moderating effect of external financing constraints, by matching the data from China Environmental Yearbook and China Industrial Enterprise Database. The results show that both command-and-control regulation and market-incentive regulation have the U-shaped relationship with cleaner production technology innovation. Meanwhile, public-participation environmental regulation significantly and positively affects cleaner production technology innovation, whereas market-incentive regulation and public-participation regulation have the inverted U-shaped relationship with end-of-pipe technology innovation. In addition, the external financing constraints have a moderating effect on the relationship between environmental regulation and cleaner production technology innovation., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)