1,021 results
Search Results
2. Puerto Rico and Health - Pushing in Silence: Modernizing Puerto Rico and the Medicalization of Childbirth. By Isabel M. Córdoba. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. Pp. xi, 234. Map. $90.00 cloth; $29.95 paper
- Author
-
Ann Zulawski
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Silence ,History ,Medicalization ,Ethnology ,Childbirth - Published
- 2019
3. Individual and country-level variables associated with the medicalization of birth: Multilevel analyses of IMAgiNE EURO data from 15 countries in the WHO European region.
- Author
-
Miani C, Wandschneider L, Batram-Zantvoort S, Covi B, Elden H, Nedberg IH, Drglin Z, Pumpure E, Costa R, Rozée V, Otelea MR, Drandić D, Radetic J, Abderhalden-Zellweger A, Ćerimagić A, Arendt M, Mariani I, Linden K, Ponikvar BM, Jakovicka D, Dias H, Ruzicic J, de Labrusse C, Valente EP, Zaigham M, Bohinec A, Rezeberga D, Barata C, Pfund A, Sacks E, and Lazzerini M
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Multilevel Analysis, Pandemics, World Health Organization, COVID-19 epidemiology, Medicalization
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate potential associations between individual and country-level factors and medicalization of birth in 15 European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: Online anonymous survey of women who gave birth in 2020-2021. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models estimating associations between indicators of medicalization (cesarean, instrumental vaginal birth [IVB], episiotomy, fundal pressure) and proxy variables related to care culture and contextual factors at the individual and country level., Results: Among 27 173 women, 24.4% (n = 6650) had a cesarean and 8.8% (n = 2380) an IVB. Among women with IVB, 41.9% (n = 998) reported receiving fundal pressure. Among women with spontaneous vaginal births, 22.3% (n = 4048) had an episiotomy. Less respectful care, as perceived by the women, was associated with higher levels of medicalization. For example, women who reported having a cesarean, IVB, or episiotomy reported not feeling treated with dignity more frequently than women who did not have those interventions (odds ratio [OR] 1.37; OR 1.61; OR 1.51, respectively; all: P < 0.001). Country-level variables contributed to explaining some of the variance between countries., Conclusion: We recommend a greater emphasis in health policies on promotion of respectful and patient-centered care approaches to birth to enhance women's experiences of care, and the development of a European-level indicator to monitor medicalization of reproductive care., (© 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Judging Addicts: Drug Courts and Coercion in the Justice System. By Rebecca Tiger. New York & London: New York Univ. Press, 2013. 208 pp. $23.00 paper
- Author
-
Erez Garnai
- Subjects
Medical model ,Sociology and Political Science ,Recidivism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Punitive damages ,Prison ,Criminology ,Medicalization ,Law ,Sociology of knowledge ,Sociology ,media_common ,Criminal justice ,Disease model of addiction - Abstract
Judging Addicts: Drug Courts and Coercion in the Justice System. By Rebecca Tiger. New York & London: New York Univ. Press, 2013. 208 pp. $23.00 paper.Drug courts began to proliferate in the mid-1990s, following the War on Drugs, at a time when the prison boom was at its peak. The ailing criminal justice system, faced with a mass of drug-related offenders, high recidivism rates, and a general feeling that "nothing works," needed a cure. Drug courts were established as a potential remedy. By now, celebrating their 25th anniversary, there is a rare consensus on the success of drug courts within a criminal justice system often criticized for being either "soft on crime" or overly punitive. In Judging Addicts, Rebecca Tiger, a professor of sociology at Middlebury College, traces the roots of this consensus. Grounded in a sociology of knowledge perspective, the book delineates the success of drug courts by focusing on the development of our ideas about addiction. Drug courts, claims Tiger, are a manifestation of the "historical triumph" of the disease model of addiction. Moreover, it is a triumph that certifies the formal integration of the medical model into the heart of the state's judicial procedure-profoundly altering the character of "judgment."From a philosophy of punishment perspective, the rise of drug courts in particular, and problem-solving courts in general, is somewhat perplexing, given the collapse of the rehabilitative ideal in the 1970s and the proliferation of extremely punitive forms of punishment ever since. In what is her most original contribution to the limited (yet growing) critical literature on drug courts, Tiger addresses that conundrum by shifting our focus from developments within the criminal justice system to trends and forces outside the system, without which the success of drug courts would have been "unthinkable" (p. 112). In very clear and accessible language, Tiger presents a compelling investigation of how we got to "this place where people see coerced drug treatment with the threat of incarceration as an enlightened and humane approach to drug use" (p. 26). The medicalization of addiction, she argues, in part the result of controversial discoveries about the neurological origins of addiction, has managed to transform the idea of addiction into a disease, whose origins are in the brain and requires cure. The role of medicine, however, is limited; it provides the diagnosis but is not (yet?) able to provide the cure, which is left for the criminal justice system to deal with. Only within this "gray area"-in the gap between the diagnosis and the treatment-could a hybrid such as drug courts have emerged, a crossbreed that mixes therapeutic and punitive approaches in treating its subjects as both "sick" and "bad."Tiger's overarching project is to question two of the central dogmas underlying the success of drug courts. First among these is the common perception of drug courts, in the eyes of its proponents and in the media, as enlightened and innovative. Relying on the work of historian Michael Willrich (2003), Tiger shows how the supposedly revolutionary combination of newly discovered scientific knowledge, together with a legal system eager to take an active social role in the transformation of people's lives, dates back to the Progressive Era. …
- Published
- 2014
5. Current scenario of diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in urban India: a pilot study
- Author
-
Basu, Sandhya and Banerjee, Bidisha
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Medical diagnosis of dyslexia in a Swedish elite school: A case of "consecrating medicalization".
- Author
-
Holmqvist M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Schools, Sweden, Young Adult, Attitude to Health, Dyslexia diagnosis, Dyslexia psychology, Medicalization methods, School Teachers psychology, Students psychology
- Abstract
Based on qualitative data of an upper-secondary school in Sweden's primary elite community, Djursholm, I propose how medical diagnosis of students as dyslexics contributes to consecrating them by offering a short cut to successful performance, while at the same time reproducing differences between social classes. The study suggests how students that do not score top can be labeled dyslexic and the social and moral consequences of that. I introduce the concept of "consecrating medicalization" in order to discriminate between the effects of medical diagnosis of members of different social classes. In this way, this paper contributes to further examining some key problems in medical sociology and the sociology of elites, by offering a framework of synthesis and integration., (© 2020 London School of Economics and Political Science.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Historicizing health and education : Investigations of the eyesight of school children in the early nineteenth century
- Author
-
Milewski, Patrice
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Healthcare providers’ images of refugees and their use of health services: an exploratory study
- Author
-
Van den Bos, Nellie, Sabar, Galia, and Tenenboim, Shiri
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Discursive Construction of 'Sex Addiction': A Comparative Analysis of the Media Perspectives on 'Sex Addiction' in the U.S. Pre and Post the Case of Tiger Woods.
- Author
-
Dobson-Smith, DDS
- Subjects
SEX addiction ,COMPULSIVE behavior ,HETERONORMATIVITY ,MEDICALIZATION ,SOCIAL medicine - Abstract
In a 2010 online Reuter's news article, Andrew Stern claimed that Tiger Woods placed the condition known as 'sex addiction' in the spotlight. Accordingly, this article discusses the extent to which 'sex addiction' is discursively produced within, and by, the media and explores the extent to which Stern's claim can be substantiated. This paper presents an analysis of articles retrieved from nytimes.com that were published between February 18th, 2009, and February 20th, 2011. It goes on to summarize four key findings: (1) 'sex addiction' was more directly and openly discussed as a concept in the year following Stern's article than it was in the year prior; (2) 'sex addiction' was discursively constructed as a male problem and regarded as an underlying reason for them to commit extramarital affairs; (3) in the year before Stern's article 'sex addiction' was discursively positioned as a social problem; and (4) in the year following Stern's article, 'sex addiction' was also discursively positioned as a medical problem. The paper concludes that the concept of 'sex addiction' is discursively constructed, and that Tiger Woods did, indeed, place a spotlight on the topic. As a result, the author argues that the media has a significant impact on the production, interpretation, and understanding of what many consider to be a sexual problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Intersex Epistemologies? Reviewing Relevant Perspectives in Intersex Studies.
- Author
-
Suess-Schwend, Amets
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,INTERSEX people ,ORGANIZATIONAL citizenship behavior ,THEMATIC analysis ,THEORY of knowledge ,FRAMES (Social sciences) ,HUMAN rights ,HUMAN rights violations - Abstract
Over the last decades, intersex studies has achieved increasing development as a field of critical knowledge, in tight collaboration with discourses developed by intersex activism and human rights bodies. This paper proposes a self-reflexive review of epistemological perspectives in intersex studies within broader discursive fields, through a thematic analysis and comparative framing analysis. This analysis is based on a narrative literature review of academic contributions, activist declarations, and documents issued by human rights bodies conducted over the last decade as a work-in-progress project. Furthermore, it includes results of a scoping review of recent knowledge production in intersex studies carried out in Scopus within the subject area 'social sciences'. This paper focuses on the analysis of the following epistemological perspectives: human rights frameworks, legal perspectives and citizenship theories, reflections on biopolitics, medicalization and iatrogenesis, sociology of diagnosis framework, depathologization perspective, respectful health care models, and reflections on epistemological, methodological, and ethical aspects. The literature review raises questions about the existence of specific intersex epistemologies in intersex studies, their interrelation with discourses contributed by intersex activism and human rights bodies, and the opportunities for a contribution of theory making in intersex studies to the human rights protection of intersex people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A Narrative Review of Mental Health Services for Indigenous Youth in Canada: Intersectionality and Cultural Safety as a Pathway for Change.
- Author
-
Weerasinghe, Navisha, Wright, Amy L., VanEvery, Rachel, and Mohammed, Shan
- Subjects
CULTURAL identity ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,WELL-being ,SUICIDE ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,MENTAL depression ,MEDLINE ,ANXIETY ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
Objectives: Indigenous youth who identify themselves as First Nations, Métis or Inuit living in Canada between the ages of 12-25 experience higher rates of depression and suicide than non-Indigenous youth. Using narrative review, this paper provides a critical analysis of the scholarly literature to explore the current delivery and accessibility of mental health services among Indigenous youth and suggests areas for improvements in system recovery. Research Design and Methods: The narrative review selected papers from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, APA PsychInfo, and Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada to capture literature from several academic disciplines between August 2020 to May 2022. Data was then synthesized to deliver broad perspectives on this topic. Results: Three categories describe how the accessibility of mental health services for Indigenous youth is impacted by (1) research, (2) current mental health practice, and (3) the location of care services. The medicalization of mental health services, and its emphasis on individual causation and intervention, grounded this discussion. Intersectionality and cultural safety offered a counterpoint to medicalization since these ideas encourage the consideration of social, political, economic, and historical forces. These concepts inform possibilities for change at the micro, mezzo, and macro system levels to address this growing issue. Conclusion: Future implications for improving mental health services and mental health recovery among Indigenous youth include advancing research and implementing innovative solutions that promote intersectionality and culturally safe care across multiple system levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Medicalisation of the Female Body and Motherhood: Some Biological and Existential Reflections
- Author
-
Zairu Nisha
- Subjects
Modern medicine ,Original Paper ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Bioethics ,Medical law ,Biological determinism ,Existentialism ,Epistemology ,Philosophy ,Medicalization ,Medicine ,Meaning (existential) ,business - Abstract
Maternity is a biological process that has increasingly changed into an authoritative medicalized phenomenon and requires techno-medical intervention today. Modern medicine perceives women’s procreative functions as pathological that need medical involvement and control. Medical biologists claim that the female body is destined to procreate in which medical sciences can assist them with techniques. But is a woman’s body biologically evolved merely for procreation? Or is it a sexist interpretation of her socially situated self? How can we justify the idea of universality and neutrality of medical sciences in a social context? Arguing against deterministic biology, existential feminists advocate that female body is not merely a biological fact but rather a social situation under which the maternal act has become the essence of being a woman. Social situations influence medicine in a way that they are used as a rhetorical tool to achieve social desires authoritatively. The present paper explores and examines the increasing medicalization of female body and maternity through the lenses of biological determinism and phenomenological existentialism. I argue that medically supported theories of female body are socially interpreted that perpetuate the traditional role of women as mothers instead of emancipating them from their immanence. The paper discusses how the scientific model of medicine is implicitly influenced by socio-cultural forces and, consequently, tries to reduce social phenomena into biological factors to justify women’s inevitable destiny as motherhood. Thus, we need a de-medicalized model of medicine in order to comprehend the true meaning of maternal body and self.
- Published
- 2021
13. Old and New Actors and Phenomena in the Three-M Processes of Life and Society: Medicalization, Moralization and Misinformation.
- Author
-
Alarcão, Violeta and Pintassilgo, Sónia
- Subjects
MEDICALIZATION ,HOMOSEXUALITY ,PHYSICIANS ,NATURAL childbirth - Abstract
Giami [[22]], in his concept paper, provides a very interesting analysis of the various forms of the medicalization of sexuality and gender, and demonstrates that medicalization is a very complex process, making a valuable addition to the literature. These articles represent the various forms of the medicalization of society, such as biobanks and biomedical research, the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth, the medicalization and moralization of beauty and aging, the social construction of vaccination, the processes of medicalization and demedicalization, the depathologization and pharmacologization of sexuality, and the movement of medicalization critique, providing an insightful consideration of the range of complex aspects of medicalization processes and their implications for health and society. Medicalization has been a key concept in the field of the sociology of health and illness over the past 50 years, capturing the expanding social control of everyday life by medical experts [[1], [3]]. Cunha and Raposo [[23]], in their concept paper "A New Time of Reckoning, a Time for New Reckoning: Views on Health and Society, Tensions between Medicine and the Social Sciences, and the Process of Medicalization", provide an extensive and deep reflection with an enlarged knowledge-based orientation for standardizing the relationships between the health-illness-medicine complex and society. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Aging biomarkers and the measurement of health and risk
- Author
-
Sara Green and Line Hillersdal
- Subjects
Aging biomarker ,Risk ,Gerontology ,Aging ,History ,Disease ,050905 science studies ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Medicalization ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,Good citizenship ,Anthropology, Cultural ,Ethics ,Original Paper ,Successful aging ,05 social sciences ,Personalized nutrition ,06 humanities and the arts ,Cognitive reframing ,Philosophy of aging ,Healthy aging ,060105 history of science, technology & medicine ,Health ,Philosophical analysis ,Normative ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Prevention of age-related disorders is increasingly in focus of health policies, and it is hoped that early intervention on processes of deterioration can promote healthier and longer lives. New opportunities to slow down the aging process are emerging with new fields such as personalized nutrition. Data-intensive research has the potential to improve the precision of existing risk factors, e.g., to replace coarse-grained markers such as blood cholesterol with more detailed multivariate biomarkers. In this paper, we follow an attempt to develop a new aging biomarker. The vision among the project consortium, comprising both research and industrial partners, is that the new biomarker will be predictive of a range of age-related conditions, which may be preventable through personalized nutrition. We combine philosophical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork to explore the possibilities and challenges of managing aging through bodily signs that are not straightforwardly linked to symptomatic disease. We document how the improvement of measurement brings about new conceptual challenges of demarcating healthy and unhealthy states. Moreover, we highlight that the reframing of aging as risk has social and ethical implications, as it is generative of normative notions of what constitutes successful aging and good citizenship.
- Published
- 2021
15. The Tree of Life, Health, and Risk Through the Lens of Biblical Wisdom.
- Author
-
Gregory, Bradley C
- Subjects
WISDOM ,CHRISTIANITY ,LONGEVITY ,MEDICALIZATION ,DECISION making - Abstract
As a way forward in assessing how the Old Testament wisdom tradition might speak to decisions in a modern medical context, in this paper, I propose exploring the iconographic function of the "tree of life" in the Old Testament, which is consistently associated with both wisdom as well as life and health, in order to tease out two-related issues that can help in providing a Christian theological framework for thinking about the problem of the medicalization of risk: first, how should the natural and good human desire for health and long life be framed in terms of the pursuit of wisdom? And, second, how might a sapientially formed character approach risk and uncertainty in making medical decisions? The answers to these questions help establish a framework in which more specific questions related to the medicalization of risk can be assessed. As such, this paper is deliberately programmatic and perspectival rather than prescriptive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Vagueness in Medicine: On Disciplinary Indistinctness, Fuzzy Phenomena, Vague Concepts, Uncertain Knowledge, and Fact-Value-Interaction
- Author
-
Bjørn Hofmann
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Modern medicine ,Original Paper ,030503 health policy & services ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Fact-value ,Uncertainty ,Vagueness ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Epistemology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Philosophy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,Medicalization ,Ontology ,Borderline ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,0305 other medical science ,Discipline - Abstract
This article investigates five kinds of vagueness in medicine: disciplinary, ontological, conceptual, epistemic, and vagueness with respect to descriptive-prescriptive connections. First, medicine is a discipline with unclear borders, as it builds on a wide range of other disciplines and subjects. Second, medicine deals with many indistinct phenomena resulting in borderline cases. Third, medicine uses a variety of vague concepts, making it unclear which situations, conditions, and processes that fall under them. Fourth, medicine is based on and produces uncertain knowledge and evidence. Fifth, vagueness emerges in medicine as a result of a wide range of fact-value-interactions. The various kinds of vagueness in medicine can explain many of the basic challenges of modern medicine, such as overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, and medicalization. Even more, it illustrates how complex and challenging the field of medicine is, but also how important contributions from the philosophy can be for the practice of medicine. By clarifying and, where possible, reducing or limiting vagueness, philosophy can help improving care. Reducing the various types of vagueness can improve clinical decision-making, informing individuals, and health policy making.
- Published
- 2021
17. La epidemia de la depresión: cuando la ciencia no se revisa a sí misma.
- Author
-
MONTERDE FUERTES, Alberto
- Abstract
Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. 'I just need to know what they are and if you can help me': Medicalization and the search for legitimacy in people diagnosed with non-epileptic attack disorder.
- Author
-
Peacock M, Bissell P, Ellis J, Dickson JM, Wardrope A, Grünewald R, and Reuber M
- Subjects
- Humans, Seizures psychology, Medicalization, Epilepsy diagnosis
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the struggles for legitimacy expressed by people with non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), one of the most common manifestations of functional neurological disorder presenting to emergency and secondary care services. Nonepileptic attacks are episodes of altered experience, awareness, and reduced self-control that superficially resemble epileptic seizures or other paroxysmal disorders but are not associated with physiological abnormalities sufficient to explain the semiological features. "Organic" or medicalized explanations are frequently sought by patients as the only legitimate explanation for symptoms, and consequently, a diagnosis of NEAD is often contested. Drawing on narrative interviews with patients from a small exploratory study and using a sociological perspective, we propose that a psychological account of NEAD does not provide a sufficiently legitimate path into a socially sanctioned sick role. This is a reflection of the dominance of biomedicine and the associated processes of medicalization. These processes are, we argue, the sole route to achieving legitimacy. The stress-based or psychologically oriented explanations offered to patients in contemporary medical models of the etiology of NEAD engender an uncertain identity and social position and fail to provide many patients with an account of the nature or origin of their symptoms that they find satisfactory or convincing. These struggles for legitimacy (shared by others with functional or somatoform conditions) are sharpened by key features of the contemporary healthcare landscape, such as the increasing framing of health through a lens of 'responsibilization'., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Foucault and medicine: challenging normative claims
- Author
-
Suijker, Chris A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Exploring entertainment medicine and professionalization of self-care
- Author
-
Tania Moerenhout, Katleen Gabriels, and Philosophy & Ethics
- Subjects
Information management ,Self-Recorded Health Data ,Male ,020205 medical informatics ,education ,Self care ,Health Informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,Professionalization ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,0302 clinical medicine ,self care ,Medicalization ,Qualitative research ,Physicians ,self-recorded health data ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,MANAGEMENT ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,wearable electronic devices ,MEDICALIZATION ,Self Care/methods ,Original Paper ,Contextualization ,Medical education ,Quantified Self ,business.industry ,Interviews as Topic/methods ,Delivery of Health Care/methods ,Mobile Applications ,mobile applications ,quantified self ,PERSPECTIVES ,LIFE-STYLE ,Female ,HEALTH ,Thematic analysis ,Psychology ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,qualitative research ,Meaning (linguistics) - Abstract
Background: Nowadays, digital self-tracking devices offer a plethora of possibilities to both healthy and chronically ill users who want to closely examine their body. This study suggests that self-tracking in a private setting will lead to shifting understandings in professional care. To provide more insight into these shifts, this paper seeks to lay bare the promises and challenges of self-tracking while staying close to the everyday professional experience of the physician. Objective: The aim of this study was to (1) offer an analysis of how medical doctors evaluate self-tracking methods in their practice and (2) explore the anticipated shifts that digital self-care will bring about in relation to our findings and those of other studies. Methods: A total of 12 in-depth semistructured interviews with general practitioners (GPs) and cardiologists were conducted in Flanders, Belgium, from November 2015 to November 2016. Thematic analysis was applied to examine the transcripts in an iterative process. Results: Four major themes arose in our body of data: (1) the patient as health manager, (2) health obsession and medicalization, (3) information management, and (4) shifting roles of the doctors and impact on the health care organization. Our research findings show a nuanced understanding of the potentials and pitfalls of different forms of self-tracking. The necessity of contextualization of self-tracking data and a professionalization of self-care through digital devices come to the fore as important overarching concepts. Conclusions: This interview study with Belgian doctors examines the potentials and challenges of self-monitoring while focusing on the everyday professional experience of the physician. The dialogue between our dataset and the existing literature affords a fine-grained image of digital self-care and its current meaning in a medical-professional landscape. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(1):e10]
- Published
- 2018
21. Medicalizing disabled people's emotions—Symptom of a dis/ableist society.
- Author
-
Wechuli, Yvonne
- Subjects
ABLEISM ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,MEDICAL care ,EMOTIONS ,SADNESS ,SOCIAL medicine - Abstract
The theoretical–conceptual article at hand explores how emotional discourses shape social relations by specifically focusing on the medicalization of disabled— and chronically ill—people's emotions. Medicalization is a concept from medical sociology that describes medicine's expansion into non-medical life areas, for instance into the realm of emotions, sometimes in order to challenge this expansion. The emotions of disabled people are often presented as a medicalized problem, rather than recognizing their embeddedness in a dis/ableist socio-cultural context. Such discourses instrumentalize feelings in order to individualize the responsibility for disability. For a contextualized and emancipatory approach, this study reviews papers on medicalized emotions from Disability Studies—a research program that can provide a rich archive of experiential accounts yet to be theorized through a comprehensive emotional perspective. The medicalization of disabled people's emotions can manifest in different ways: (1) In a dis/ableist society, able-mindedness is compulsory; i.e., we fail to question that a healthy mind is the norm and something to strive for unconditionally. This is also true on an emotional level; after all, some medical diagnoses are based on the wrong degree or temporality of emotionality. (2) Unpleasant feelings such as sadness are misunderstood as symptoms of impairment rather than effects of discrimination. (3) The expression of hurt feelings, e.g., related to discrimination, can easily be dismissed as hysterical. This assumption epistemologically disables patients. (4) Love and desire are delegitimized as fetish, for example, the desire for a disabled lover or the wish to start a family despite a chronic illness. The medicalization of disabled people's emotions individualizes and delegitimizes unpleasant emotions that emerge in a dis/ableist society. Different facets of medicalization enforce medical treatment instead, albeit in different ways. Disabled and sick people are cast as not feeling and desiring the right way, while hegemonic discourse prescribes psychological treatment against the effects of discrimination and bodily symptoms it cannot explain. Beyond the dismissal of disabled people's experience, adverse effects on healthcare delivery and health outcomes can be expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Gender Critique of The Scientific and Medical Construction of the Female Body in Women's Artworks.
- Author
-
Đurić, Dubravka
- Subjects
MEDICALIZATION ,POSTFEMINISM ,DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
In this paper I will develop a gender critique of scientific and medical idealizations of the human body and its health, which was performed out of gender and feminist studies, pointing also to women's art. In the discourses of medicine, healthy and beautiful human - and especially the female human - body is revealed as an ideological construction, an affective agent and a biopolitical ideal that controls and regulates gender differences. My intention is to demonstrate that the discourses of medicine, feminism, and art are in a dialogue historically in relation to these topics. Following Tasha N. Dubriwny's discussion of medical discourse and practice, I will map three phases in the development of Western medical discourses and point to the fact that they are in dialogue with feminist discourses and with the way how art treats and represents beautiful bodies, and/or sick bodies, with particular focus on female bodies. Discussion of the first phase of medical development points to the fact that visual art and photography were used to performatively help doctors to construct the female body as sick and deviant, as Didi Huberman showed. The second phase was the medicalization era, in which human bodies are expected to adhere to a standardized norm. In this period, within the framework of second wave feminism, feminist health activists appeared, forming the women's movement for health. Special attention will be directed to the third phase, the biomedicalization era or inclusion-and-difference paradigm, in which postfeminist discourses appeared and in relation to which I will discuss artworks by Hannah Wilke, Katarzyna Kozyra, and Orlan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Awareness and Potential Impacts of the Medicalization of Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-sectional Survey Among Adolescents in China
- Author
-
Joseph Lau, Yanqiu Yu, and Jibin Li
- Subjects
Male ,China ,Adolescent ,disease awareness ,Cross-sectional study ,Exploratory research ,030508 substance abuse ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Health Informatics ,Disease ,gaming disorder ,high-risk subgroups ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,immune system diseases ,ICD-11 ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicalization ,Humans ,awareness ,Young adult ,Original Paper ,ICD ,hemic and immune systems ,disorder ,Checklist ,030227 psychiatry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health promotion ,Video Games ,internet gaming ,impact ,young adult ,game ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Inclusion (education) ,Internet Addiction Disorder ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background The Eleventh Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) newly listed gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), as a disease. The level of awareness and potential positive and negative impacts of this medicalization among adolescents were unknown. Objective This study investigated the levels, associated factors, and potential positive and negative impacts of awareness of the medicalization of IGD among adolescents in China. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, 1343 middle school students in Guangzhou, China, self-administered an anonymous questionnaire in classrooms (October to December 2019). Three risk subgroups were identified: those who scored ≥5 items in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition checklist (IGD-S), those who self-perceived having IGD currently (IGD-PC), and those who self-perceived having IGD within 12 months (IGD-P12M). Results Of the internet gamers, 48.3% (460/952) were aware of the medicalization of IGD; they were more likely to belong to the IGD-P12M/IGD-S risk subgroups. Within the IGD-PC/IGD-P12M (but not IGD-S) risk subgroups, IGD medicalization awareness was positively associated with favorable outcomes (reduced internet gaming time in the past 12 months, seeking help from professionals if having IGD, and fewer maladaptive cognitions). After being briefed about the ICD-11 inclusion of IGD, 54.2% (516/952) and 32.8% (312/952) expressed that it would lead to the reduction of gaming time and help-seeking behaviors, respectively; however, 17.9% (170/952), 21.5% (205/952), 15.9% (151/952), and 14.5% (138/952) perceived self-doubt for being diseased, stronger pressure from family members, negative emotional responses, and labeling effect, respectively. With a few exceptions, such perceived positive or negative impacts were stronger among the IGD-S, IGD-PC, and IGD-P12M risk subgroups. Conclusions The exploratory study shows that the medicalization of IGD may have benefits that need maximization and potentially harmful effects that need minimization. Future studies should test the efficacies of health promotion that increases IGD medicalization awareness.
- Published
- 2021
24. The Medicalization of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in Indonesia: A Complex Intersection of Tradition, Religion, and Human Rights
- Author
-
Hidayana, Irwan Martua
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Reframing the Australian Medico-Legal Model of Infertility.
- Author
-
Stuhmcke, Anita
- Subjects
HUMAN reproductive technology laws ,ADOPTION ,BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model ,INFERTILITY ,BIOETHICS ,CHILDLESSNESS - Abstract
Australian law affirms a binary construction of fertility/infertility. This model is based upon the medical categorization of infertility as a disease. Law supports medicine in prioritizing technology, such as in vitro fertilization, as treatment for infertility. This prioritization of a medico-legal model of infertility in turn marginalizes alternative means of family creation such as adoption, fostering, traditional surrogacy, and childlessness. This paper argues that this binary model masks the impact of medicalization upon reproductive choice and limits opportunity for infertile individuals to create families. While medical technology should be available to enhance reproductive opportunity, infertile individuals will benefit from regulatory change which disentangles the medico-legal construct of infertility as a disease from the desire to create a family. This paper suggests that the medico-legal model of infertility should be reframed to support all opportunities for family creation equally, including non-medical opportunities such as adoption, fostering, and childlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Prolonged grief as a disease?: Ethics of advance bereavement planning and the case for pediatric palliative care.
- Author
-
Lutz, Ronja, Eibauer, Cornelia, and Frewer, Andreas
- Abstract
Copyright of Ethik in der Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Medicalization in Global Context: Current Insights, Pressing Questions, and Future Directions Through the Case of ADHD.
- Author
-
Bergey, Meredith
- Subjects
ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,MENTAL health services ,MENTAL illness ,MEDICALIZATION ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the increased emergence and global application of medicalized meanings and practices related to mental health, with cases of contestation, adoption, as well as resistance observed. Such globalization raises a number of important sociological questions about the nature and consequences of such practices, as well as what they might mean for the changing nature of medicalization. Focusing on a classic case within medicalization studies, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, this paper reviews existing insights on medicalization and mental health diagnosis and treatment in global context, future lines of inquiry, and related challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Quaternary prevention: reviewing the concept
- Author
-
Carlos, Martins, Maciek, Godycki-Cwirko, Bruno, Heleno, and John, Brodersen
- Subjects
Physician-Patient Relations ,quaternary prevention ,Concept Formation ,Prevention ,General Practice ,patient involvement (empowerment ,self-management) ,overdiagnosis ,Article ,Medically Unexplained Symptoms ,Medicalization ,Opinion Paper ,Humans ,health ethics - Abstract
Background: According to the Wonca International Dictionary for General/Family Practice Quaternary Prevention is defined as: ‘Action taken to identify patient at risk of overmedicalization, to protect him from new medical invasion, and to suggest to him interventions, which are ethically acceptable.’ The concept of quaternary prevention was initially proposed by Marc Jamoulle and the targets were mainly patients with illness but without a disease. Objectives: The purpose of this opinion article is to open the debate around a new possible definition and a new conceptual model of quaternary prevention based on the belief that quaternary prevention should be present in physicians’ minds for every intervention they suggest to a patient. Discussion: The debate around quaternary prevention is vital in the context of contemporary medicine and has expanded worldwide. The human being may suffer harm from medical interventions from conception, during their childhood, during their entire healthy lifetime as well as during a self-limited disease, a chronic disease, or a terminal disease. The current definition of quaternary prevention has limitations because it excludes patients and medical interventions where a quaternary prevention perspective would be needed and useful to protect patients from harm. In this context, a new definition and conceptual model of quaternary prevention is proposed. Conclusion: In this new proposal, quaternary prevention is defined as an ‘action taken to protect individuals (persons/patients) from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good.’
- Published
- 2018
29. اقتصاد سیاسی کنکور تبیینی از گرایش دانش آموزان به رشته تجربی.
- Author
-
محمد فرهادی, فاطمه نوری, and وکیل احمدی
- Abstract
Copyright of Sociological Review (1010-2809) is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Tanı Bir Damgalama mı Yoksa Meşrulaştırma mı? Tıbbileştirme Söylemi ve Lacanyen Psikanalitik Teori Kapsamında Bir Tartışma.
- Author
-
BALTACI, Sinem, GENÇÖZ, Tülin, and SARI, Sevda
- Subjects
PSYCHOTHERAPY ,SOCIAL change ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,SOCIAL structure ,DIAGNOSIS ,PREJUDICES ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Copyright of AYNA Clinical Psychology Journal is the property of AYNA Clinical Psychology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Health Care in Service of Life: Preventative Medicine in Light of the Analogia Entis.
- Author
-
Hirschfeld, Mary
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,MEDICALIZATION ,MEDICAL economics - Abstract
The medicalization of risk rests on foundational assumptions shared by economics and public health. Economists, however, think in terms of pursuing an array of goods, and hence, they offer useful critiques of the irrationality involved in trying to subordinate all goods to one narrow good, like avoiding death from a particular disease. Many of our approaches to health do not appear to be fully rational, suggesting that the deeper motivation lying behind our concerns about health are to be found in something other than the impulse to extend human lives as much as possible. This paper draws on the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas to sketch a richer way of thinking about the goods we pursue in health care that can help us to avoid the pitfalls associated with the medicalization of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Role of Vitrification in Spanish Reproductive Labs: A Cryo-revolution Led by Strategic Freezing.
- Author
-
Lafuente-Funes, Sara
- Subjects
VITRIFICATION ,FREEZING ,FERTILITY preservation ,OVUM ,REPRODUCTIVE technology ,THAWING ,MEDICALIZATION - Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies have expanded vastly and are frequently addressed using the language of revolution. The last two decades witnessed important transformations in Spanish repromarkets, some of which are linked to one freezing technique: vitrification. This cryotechnique tends to be presented by professionals as revolutionary as well, even if in a humbler way: a technique with the capacity to revolutionize reproductive labs. Celebrated for its ability to freeze oocytes, the introduction and assimilation of vitrification have implied many transformations in Spanish clinics and the broader reproductive industry in Spain. This paper describes the role of vitrification from the point of view of the labs, drawing on interviews with professionals and observations of laboratory work, and focusing on the changes, which include but are not restricted to freezing oocytes. I argue that vitrification has increased the role of cryopreservation in reproductive labs overall in Spain, expanding the use of strategic, short-term freezing of embryos. This is discussed as part of a "cryomedicalized" turn, using Charlotte Kroløkke and Anna Sofie Bach's term, which enlarges the scope of medicalization through optimization and prevention, in the context of late reproduction and a strong reproductive market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Dějiny, šílenství, psychiatrie. K otázce „šílenství“, proměn lidské psychiky a psychiatrie jako předmětu kritické historické reflexe.
- Author
-
TINKOVÁ, Daniela
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the key tendencies in writing the “history of madness” and of psychiatry in the 20th (and early 21st) century. It contributes to the historiography of the (natural) sciences, namely to the relationship between the natural and social sciences: medicine, psychology, and historiography. It aims to show perspectives in relation to psychiatric and psychological science (view from inside vs. outside), i.e., interpretation from the perspective of history of a specific field written by psychiatrists (or psychoanalysts), and from the perspective of concepts developed by social sciences, including historiography. It also shows how the relationship of madness and psychiatry differs when it is an object of study of medicine and psychiatry and when it is an object of study of social sciences, humanities, and history. The first part of this study demonstrates to what extent history written by “insiders” of the professional community was part of the field and its auto-legitimizing strategies. This applies mainly to internalist, “modernist” interpretations of the history of psychiatry, but also to their critics (the anti-psychiatry movement). The subchapter devoted to psychohistory, which sought to “psychiatrise history” and was usually promoted by psychoanalysts with a social science or humanities background, presents a contrasting approach. From the 1970s and 1980s onwards, as the humanities, social sciences and history entered the field of medical history, the perspective changed – the non-specialist ‘lay’ view, the externalist ‘outside’ view, made it possible to look at the history of madness, psychiatric disciplines, and practices without a priori assumptions about what the ‘right’ knowledge and scientific ‘truth’ should be. This helped to broaden the “psychiatric field” to include a more complex social, cultural, and political context, a background of political interests, social practices and the broader ideological context that affected shaping of “psychiatry” (including the patient’s view). Moreover, it enriched the “psychiatric field” with phenomena, opinions and practices considered by internalist history as “unsuccessful” or “pseudo-scientific” or “uninteresting”. This allowed for a “secondary historicization” of the psychiatric discipline, which anchored the whole process more firmly in the background of a specific epoch without the necessary link to the contemporary state of knowledge and “scientific truth” and resulted in a more consistent historicization of this “scientific truth” itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. LA MATERNIDAD CIENTÍFICA A PARTIR DE LA LABOR DE LAS GOTAS DE LECHE DE VALPARAÍSO: GOTA CENTRAL Y GOTA DE LECHE DEL HOSPITAL DE NIÑOS (1918-1944).
- Author
-
Neves Guzmán, Camila and Benedetti Reiman, Laura
- Subjects
CHILDREN'S hospitals ,INFANT mortality ,NEWSPAPERS ,BREASTFEEDING ,BREASTFEEDING promotion ,CHILD welfare ,MEDICALIZATION ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,SOCIAL medicine ,WOMEN'S history - Abstract
Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
35. La construcción del currículum del Grado en Enfermería en España: aproximación histórica desde un enfoque de equidad.
- Author
-
González López, Claudia and Trillo Alonso, José Felipe
- Subjects
COLLEGE curriculum ,NURSING education ,CURRICULUM ,SOCIAL reality ,MEDICALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Cuaderno de Pedagogia Universitaria is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Izkušnje parov v obporodnem obdobju v času epidemije covida-19 v Sloveniji.
- Author
-
Ferfolja, Anamarija and Hadalin, Deja Čuk
- Abstract
Copyright of Socialna Pedagogika (14082942) is the property of Socialna Pedagogika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
37. Birth, attitudes and placentophagy: a thematic discourse analysis of discussions on UK parenting forums.
- Author
-
Botelle, Riley and Willott, Chris
- Subjects
MEDICALIZATION ,PLACENTA ,DISCOURSE analysis ,POSTPARTUM depression ,INTERNET & society - Abstract
Background: The post-partum consumption of the placenta by the mother (placentophagy) has been practiced since the 1970s in the global North and is seemingly increasing in popularity. Maternal placentophagy is not known to have been practiced in any other time period or culture, despite being near-ubiquitous in other placental mammals. An in-depth qualitative exploration as to the reasons for the practice, its increasing popularity and how it is narratively incorporated into discourses surrounding "ideal" natural and medical births are given in this paper.Methods: 1752 posts from 956 users across 85 threads from the parenting forums Mumsnet and Netmums were identified for inclusion. A thematic discourse analysis was performed using NVivo.Results: Three main themes were identified: women recounted predominantly positive attitudes towards their own experiences of placentophagy, and they were respectful of others' views and experiences; some had negative views, particularly around the concept of disgust, but again, they were respectful of others' experiences. By far the most common method of consumption of the placenta was encapsulation.Conclusions: This paper identifies the motivation for placentophagy to almost universally be for medical benefits, most commonly the prevention or treatment of post-natal depression (PND). Whilst disgust is a common reaction, discussion of risks is rare, and positive experiences outweigh negative ones. The increasing popularity of the practice is ascribed in part to the comparative palatability of encapsulation and the use of the internet to share resources and remove barriers. Parenting forums are important spaces to negotiate normative birth practices, including placentophagy, and act to build communities of women who value personal experience over medical evidence and highly value personal choice and bodily autonomy. Placentophagy is discussed in terms of its relation to natural and medical births with arguments being made using both discourses for and against the practice. This paper argues that placentophagy is practiced as a resistance to medicalisation as an assertion of control by the mother, whilst simultaneously being a medicalised phenomenon itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Medicalização da vida e análise alínica do comportamento.
- Author
-
da Silva Ferreira, Tiago Alfredo, Alves Matos, João Pedro, Mattos Souza, Mateus, and Silva Rodrigues, Sidarta da
- Subjects
ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,BEHAVIOR analysts ,BEHAVIORAL assessment ,CRITICAL thinking ,MEDICALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. MEDICALIZAREA TRANSILVANIEI. ASPECTE ALE IMPLEMENTĂRII UNUI SISTEM DE SĂNĂTATE PUBLIC LA 1900.
- Author
-
Dumănescu, Luminița and Hegedűs, Nicoleta
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,DATABASES ,MEDICAL statistics ,SOCIAL work research ,DIGITAL technology ,ELECTRONIC health records - Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to offer a glimpse of the public health system in Transylvania in 1900 and to identify the state medical staff in the provincial administration based on the data contained in the Transylvanian Health Database, a new digital tool dedicated to Transylvanian physicians in the past, currently under construction at the Centre for Population Studies of the “Babeș-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca. In order to outline the framework in which these doctors worked, the study reviews the legislation in the field of public health. Health statistics in Hungary, provided by the Magyar Statisztikai Évkönyv, asses the situation of the public health system at county level in numerical values. The picture is completed by the nominal list of doctors who occupied the main posts in this system in Transylvania in 1900. The paper can also be seen as an introduction to the Transylvanian Health Database as a working tool for research in social history and medical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
40. Neuroqueer frontiers: Neurodiversity, gender, and the (a)social self.
- Author
-
Barnett, Jessica Penwell
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,NEURODIVERSITY ,GENDER nonconformity ,SELF ,GENDER ,GROUP identity ,ETHNICITY - Abstract
This paper critically synthesizes leading edge scholarship on neurodiversity, arguing that sociology could expand its account for the relationship between self and society through attention to the (a)social practices of those constructed as neurologically disabled. Autistic scholar‐activism birthed the neurodiversity paradigm, which claims respect for neurological diversity and its social manifestations. Sexual and gender variation are among those. I review research on the confluence of neurological, sexual, and gender variance, pointing to opportunities for documenting the roles of social institutions in constructing and regulating divergent bodyminds, as well as new intersectional identities and social movements. Next, I synthesize nascent literature developing neuroqueer theory. "Neuroqueer" articulates the queer nature of neurodivergence and examines the entwinement of the two. Centering the epistemic authority of bodyminds problematized as lacking self‐control/intent, perspective‐taking, and reliance on the social symbolic, neuroqueer scholars forward (a)social ways of knowing, communicating, communing, and being human. Focusing on neuronormativity, interdependent with better‐recognized normativities (e.g., gender, ethnicity, etc.), neuroqueer theory offers fresh perspective on how dominant concepts and relations render some bodyminds problematic—legitimate objects of exclusion, marginalization, and "rehabilitation." In doing so, it troubles sociological ideas about agency, sociality, communication, and what it means to be/have a (social) self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Bodies of evidence: The 'Excited Delirium Syndrome' and the epistemology of cause-of-death inquiry.
- Author
-
Fischer, Enno and Jukola, Saana
- Subjects
- *
DELIRIUM , *POLICE brutality , *FORENSIC medicine , *SYNDROMES , *THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
"Excited Delirium Syndrome" (ExDS) is a controversial diagnosis. The supposed syndrome is sometimes considered to be a potential cause of death. However, it has been argued that its sole purpose is to cover up excessive police violence because it is mainly used to explain deaths of individuals in custody. In this paper, we examine the epistemic conditions giving rise to the controversial diagnosis by discussing the relation between causal hypotheses, evidence, and data in forensic medicine. We argue that the practitioners' social context affects causal inquiry through background assumptions that enter inquiry at multiple stages. This analysis serves to better understand the wide usage of the controversial diagnosis of ExDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Is Aging a Disease? The Theoretical Definition of Aging in the Light of the Philosophy of Medicine.
- Author
-
Saborido C and García-Barranquero P
- Subjects
- Humans, Philosophy, Medicalization
- Abstract
In the philosophical debate on aging, it is common to raise the question of the theoretical definition of aging in terms of its possible characterization as a disease. Understanding aging as a disease seems to imply its medicalization, which has important practical consequences. In this paper, we analyze the question of whether aging is a disease by appealing to the concept of disease in the philosophy of medicine. As a result of this analysis, we argue that a pragmatist approach to the conception of disease is the best alternative to highlight the relevance of the medicalization of aging. From this pragmatist perspective, it can be seen that the notion of aging is going through a conceptual change, and aging can today be understood as a not radically different process from any other condition that is usually considered a disease., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Social Construction of a Pandemic. Medicalization of Social Life - Anxiety, Frustration and Ethical Risks.
- Author
-
SANDU, Antonio
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,FRUSTRATION ,PANDEMICS ,MEDICALIZATION ,SOCIAL anxiety ,ANXIETY - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the social construction process of the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of the anxiety and frustration felt by the citizens as a threat to their own lives and health and to analyze the perceived severity of the Covid-19 infection during March-June 2020. The present research aims to understand the changes that society is going through in the context of the pandemic, to analyze the social construction elements of the pandemic and the infodemic, in the context of a public health crisis, and also to identify the social perception on the pandemic among the affected population. Social anxiety can be understood: as a side effect of the process of social construction of the person's identity, thus being correlated with the cultural particularities of the social environment of origin, mainly related to the social distinctions between individualism and collectivism; as an instance for the social construction of the idea of pandemic; as a constructive instance for the medicalization of social life in the pandemic and post-pandemic period; as being socially constructed through the mechanisms of the interpretive adrift of the meaning of role performance. The research was carried out between March and June 2020 and it was based on a qualitative methodology derived from Grounded Theory. Data collection was done through the technique of a semi-structured interview, applied online on a sample of 103 people, mostly in the N.E. Region of Romania using an opportunity sample based on the snowball method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. ÖLÜM SOSYOLOJİSİ: GELENEKSEL VE MODERN TOPLUMDA ÖLÜMÜN TOPLUMSAL ANLAMLARI.
- Author
-
ERBUĞ, Ece
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Social & Cultural Studies / Toplum ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social & Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Stratified medicalization of schooling difficulties.
- Author
-
Fish RE
- Subjects
- Child, Cognition, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Students, Medicalization, Schools
- Abstract
Medicalization is a central topic of concern in the sociology of disability and of health and illness. In this paper, I examine how medicalization is inequitably applied and circulates in the context of schools, specifically in serving students with educational disabilities. My aim is to advance understandings of medicalization through this case. Using a mixed-methods design, I first show, descriptively, how race and gender intersectionally predict educational disability status in a dataset of all Wisconsin public school students. Next, I examine how racial and gender disparities in disability status are produced at the micro level, using interviews with 27 Wisconsin teachers, including in-depth discussions of 73 individual students that were struggling academically or behaviorally. My quantitative findings show variation by race, gender, and disability category: White children have higher probability of special education receipt than comparable children of color for academic difficulties, but lower probability for behavioral difficulties, and girls have lower probability than comparable boys overall. My interview data suggest that these disparate outcomes reflect stratified medicalization processes, in which institutional constraints, status beliefs, and cultural discourses of race and gender shape both stratified noticing of schooling difficulties and stratified interpretation of those difficulties as medicalized conditions., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Social policy with tunnel vision: problems of state efforts to curb adolescent pregnancy in post 1988 Brazil.
- Author
-
Burattini, Beatriz
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,PREGNANCY ,HUMAN sexuality ,CITIZENSHIP ,MEDICALIZATION - Abstract
The current moralistic take on adolescent sexuality in Brazil raises the importance of sexual citizenship when examining adolescent fertility policies. Literature on the capacity contract lends a useful lens for understanding the ramifications of the construction of adolescents as sexual citizens. This paper investigates how the conceptualisation of adolescents within the capacity contract may relate to the problematisation of adolescent pregnancy in Brazil. To investigate this, I conduct a Foucauldian discourse analysis of federal level documents. These pertain to adolescent sexual and reproductive health programmes, guidelines and a campaign between 1989 and 2020. To examine the visibility of adolescents and adolescent pregnancy, I conduct a content analysis of health indicators and surveys from health registries from the same period. My evidence shows that adolescents found themselves in contradictory and dynamic positions within the capacity contract. Notably, when adolescents were attributed less agency, they were governed more paternalistically. Their choices and vulnerabilities regarding fertility seemed then more likely to be ignored. I conclude that this way in which adolescents were constructed as sexual citizens may have hindered a holistic policy approach to adolescent pregnancy. This highlights how the capacity contract falls short of protecting those deemed incapable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The discursive transformation of grief throughout history.
- Author
-
Gravesen, Janni Dahlgaard and Birkelund, Regner
- Subjects
GRIEF ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS ,NOSOLOGY ,LANGUAGE & languages ,DISCOURSE analysis ,PHILOSOPHY ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,MENTAL illness ,BEREAVEMENT ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) - Abstract
In recent decades, the phenomenon of grief, when you lose a loved one, has been the subject of exploration and discussion among researchers. Because of this, prolonged grief is now recognized as a possible mental disorder as the latest version of the diagnosis manual; 'International Classification of Diseases' (ICD‐11) being published in 2018 is featuring a new diagnosis called 'prolonged grief disorder'. The commencement of this new disorder indicates a shift in the way grief is being articulated why the notion of rupture from the French philosopher Michel Foucault is applied as a philosophical approach in this paper. A Foucault‐inspired discourse analysis has been prepared and by considering the issue historically and tracing how the concept of grief has been articulated in different time periods throughout history, the aim is to map out the discursive transformation that has taken place and to gain insight into how the societal context has supported and enabled this transformation. This paper takes a historical look back from the 1800s to present and identifies when changes can be observed in the way grief is being articulated. These changes or ruptures are identified in the work of Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, Sigmund Freud and Margaret Stroebe & Henk Schut who all must be assumed to have contributed significantly to how grief is perceived in various historical time periods. The discourse analysis identifies how prominent thinkers have articulated grief in each period and how today's perception of grief, as a possible mental disorder, both relates to these prominent thinkers but also reflects dominant societal values and ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The biomedical securitization of global health.
- Author
-
Holst, Jens and van de Pas, Remco
- Subjects
MEDICALIZATION ,WORLD health ,GLOBAL burden of disease ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has shifted the course in the global health debate further towards health security and biomedical issues. Even though global health had already played a growing role in the international policy agenda, the pandemic strongly reinforced the interest of the media, the general public and the community in cross-border infectious diseases. This led to a strengthening of the already dominant biomedical understanding of global health and the securitization of health in foreign policy. Methods: This paper critically provides a narrative, iterative review of the health security literature available to date, with a special focus on the development of the currently prevailing concept of health security and the dual trend towards the securitization and biomedicalization of global health. Findings: In a world increasingly determined by power asymmetries, unequal distribution of opportunities and resources, and inadequate governance structures, securitizing health has become a key feature of global governance. Health security is predominantly based on a concept that neglects the global burden of disease determined by non-communicable conditions rather than by infectious diseases. Moreover, it exhibits a trend towards biomedical solutions and neglects root causes of global health crises. Conclusions: As important as health security is, the underlying concept driven by biomedical and technocratic reductionism falls short. It widely neglects the social, economic, political, commercial and environmental determination of health. Beyond improved health care and prevention, health-in-all policies are ultimately required for ensuring health security and reducing one of its main challenges, health inequalities within and between countries. Global health security must first and foremost seek to guarantee the universal right to health and therefore emphasise the social, economic, commercial and political determination of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. THE EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS FOR TOLERANCE AND SOCIAL HUMANISM DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION AND MEDICINE: A POST-CAPITALIST DISCOURSE.
- Author
-
UTIUZH, Irina, KOVTUN, Nataliia, HREBIN, Svitlana, VLASENKO, Fedir, and VOLKOVA, Valeriya
- Subjects
DEVIANT behavior ,MODERN society ,DISCOURSE ,MEDICALIZATION ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
The article is concerned with the substantive nature of late capitalism, which determines all spheres of social existence. It is clarified that neoliberal ideology forms a special type of socio-cultural relations, in which the politics' technocratic nature disregards humanitarian and cultural aspects and doubts the very existence of the social. Under the circumstances of IT intensified development and real crisis of capitalism, the fundamental process of human-human interaction is ignored, consequently resulting in the loss of the human's fundamental feature, that is, his sociality. Socio-philosophical research in modern realities is assigned to actualize the issues of spiritual production related to preservation of the social as the ontological essence of society existence in the future. Therefore, our paper aims to analyze the socio-productive function of education and medicine in the formation of a humanitarian and anthropological model of preserving social partnership and tolerance in modern society as opposed to the disappointing and disturbing experience of chronic social pathologies, medicalization and formation of the "remission society" model within the framework of capitalism. The formation of a humanitarian and anthropological model of preserving the social consists in actualizing the evolutionary mechanisms for social humanism, which is the basic characteristic of the post-capitalist reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Medicalização do sofrimento psíquico na Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município do interior do Ceará.
- Author
-
Gonçalves dos Santos, Jomábia Cristina, Sampaio Cavalcante, Dimas, Lopes Vieira, Camilla Araújo, and Dias Quinderé, Paulo Henrique
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,PRIMARY health care ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,CONTENT analysis ,CARE of people ,MEDICALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva is the property of CEPESC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.