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The article focuses on the ongoing transition from paper-based journalism to digital platforms, highlighting the continuous merger and acquisition activity in the newspaper industry. Topics include the allure of newspaper ownership, the impact of new ownership models on local newspapers, and the challenges faced by traditional printing and paper industries amidst the shift towards digital media.

The article discusses the importance of the use of recycled paper to ensure sufficient supply of printing paper in the graphics art industry amidst the increase in demand. Topics inlcude the incompatibility of some printing technologies with paper recycling systems, the global market demand for paper materials, as well as the paper requirements in regions like Europe, North America and Asia.

This paper examines newspaper cartels, a largely unoccupied field in media history, from the perspective of longevity. We analyse Finnish newspaper industry from the 1910s to 1970s and show that newspapers sought to regulate various aspects of competition, such as subscription prices, advertisement tariffs, and newsprint prices. Data indicates that political rivalry shaped the newspaper cartel collaboration until late 1950s: the cartel was set up by right-wing and centrist papers and, unlike in other Nordic countries, the Social Democratic press remained outside of the association until 1958. Political shocks of the Finnish Civil War in 1918 and the Second World War also changed the composition of the cartel. The era of private cartels in the newspaper industry gradually started to fade away as a result of anti-cartel laws in the 1960s and governmental anti-inflation measures in the 1970s. We conclude that the economics of newspaper industry and the cartelisation of the wider business environment, newsprint suppliers in particular, encouraged newspapers to co-operate with each other. The results of this article increase the understanding on the collaborative and competitive environment of newspaper companies, but also contributes to broader questions on cartels and their inner dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on scandals is a privileged way to explore jointly media and political systems, and the links between them. In this article, we explore how the coverage of political corruption in digital native and paper newspapers has the characteristics of politically oriented scandals (Mancini, 2019), which are more common in polarized pluralist systems, like the Spanish one. To do so, we have studied the scandals related to the former King of Spain, Juan Carlos I. In the research, we have analyzed the evolution of media coverage on the topic between July 1, 2014, and March 1, 2021 in three different paper newspapers (El País, El Mundo and ABC). During this period, 889 journalistic pieces were published in these three newspapers. Also, we have conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a sample of 334 pieces from the last year covered by the research (2020-2021) on El País, El Mundo and ABC and on digital natives El Español and elDiario.es. The results show a political instrumentalization of the scandal, media partisanship (the media support some political parties' positions) in El País, elDiario.es and ABC; and ideological polarization (analyzed content presents two politically opposed groups) in ABC and elDiario.es. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the eighteenth-century newspaper war between journalist Mary Singleton of "The Old Maid" and Mr. Town of "The Connoisseur." Topics discussed include the documentation of the exchanges between Singleton and Mr. Town on issues such as competition and hypocrisy, the way Mr. Town published criticisms of Singleton in "The Connoisseur," and the response offered by Singleton about the involvement of single women in newspaper publishing.

The article analyzes the history of the newspaper industry and attributes the current crisis to managerial short-run decisions from 1985 to 2004. It attributes reduced local market growth to declining circulation and maximized advertising prices. Reasons cited for the decline in circulation include clustering or buying newspapers within the same region to cut costs and reduce competition, lower quality newspapers because of lack of investment in the newsroom and rising costs of advertising.

Text classification involves organizing textual information into predefined classes, a task which is particularly useful in domains like sentiment analysis, spam detection, and content labeling. In India, where a massive amount of information is generated daily through newspapers and social media, Hindi is one of the most widely used and spoken languages. However, there is limited research on Hindi text classification and, particularly, regarding Hindi news classification. This paper presents a research study to classify Hindi news articles published in Hindi-language newspapers in India by using and comparing various Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. To prepare the textual news data for classification, pre-processing and feature engineering techniques, such as count vectorizer, Tf-Idf vectorizer and Doc2Vec, were used and applied to convert texts into vectors. This pre-processing step on the textual data was very challenging due to the presence of multimodal words, conjunctions, punctuation, and special characters in Hindi texts. The study considered Hindi news headlines from predetermined categories (Science, Sports, Entertainment and Business) and, among the different ML and DL models tested and evaluated, Linear Regression with Doc2Vec vectorizer and SGD classifier with Tf-Idf vectorizer produced best accuracies of 97.04% and 96.59%, respectively. The best performing DL model was found to be the Bi-LSTM with an accuracy of approximately 97% on the testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed that the two newspapers published in 18th century about Western European diplomacy seen in Ottoman lands are analysed in the perspective of viatic literature. Those two newspapers are La Gazette and Gazette d'Amsterdam. Both of the newspapers are published in French. La Gazette is published in France and majority of the news which could disturb French sovereignity were censured. As for Gazette d'Amsterdam, it is published in the Netherlands. The news related to diplomacy, economics, royalty, social and daily issues are released. However, in this study we handled the news in terms of distinguished diplomats who worked in diplomatic mission in the Istanbul during 1730. The year 1730 is important in terms of Ottoman history and Western European history since it was the period when the conflicts between the diplomats living in Istanbul took place and Patrona Halil rebellion emerged. In this article, diplomatic issues about English Embassy, Venetian Embassy, French Embassy and Ottoman Consul in Vienna. The diplomats appointed to East are selected intentionally by their sovereignty probably because they were thought to be a successful social observer and a diplomat. Taking this fact into consideration, these diplomats can be evaluated as a voyager as they travel throughout the countries and different cities in the same country by establishing a good communication with the locals with his delegation. They wrote daily official dispatches to their ministry of foreign affairs with a language of diplomacy. Thus, it is suggested in this paper that those papers should be evaluated as sources of diplomatic literature and as a sub-category of voyage literature. The reason why those reports are evaluated as diplomatic literature is that those reports include social, religious, economic issues as daily reports which have its own style, word use and other textual features. In this study, qualitative document analysis method is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we attempt to determine the sources of original information on earthquakes among newspapers published in Russia in 1809–1819. It is revealed that the information presented in periodicals was not used to the full extent in compiling the main historical catalogs of earthquakes in Russia. Paradoxically, instead of the original reports from Russian newspapers, often greatly abridged and distorted information was cited from translated versions and European newspapers, as well as from descriptive catalogs of earthquakes compiled in Paris and London. It is shown that in Russia there were several communication channels for transmitting messages from distant localities to the center. Not all incoming information was published; some of it ended up in the archives, usually as reports to the authorities. Some information remained in personal correspondence. Therefore, research on historical seismicity cannot be limited to searching for information in newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an overview of specific characteristics of newspaper output and publishing trends in Latvia, aiming to assess whether the newspaper output in Latvia plays the roles theoretically ascribed to newspapers, namely, the roles related to democracy and community building. It is argued that media pluralism is crucial for executing these roles. The assessment of pluralism is based on an exploratory analysis of quantitative data on newspaper output in Latvia. The analysis is accompanied by a discussion of challenges experienced in the newspaper publishing field in Latvia and elsewhere that can potentially hinder the ability of newspapers to execute the roles theoretically ascribed to them. Finally, insights gained during the research process are shared regarding research required to further the analysis of newspaper output in terms of plurality in the sense of access to different news sources and, by extension, perspectives and public representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a material semiotic approach to explore how the ontological multiplicity of climate affects the communication of seasonal climate outlooks (SCO). The analysis is based on an ethnography of the UK Meteorological Office's (Met Office) 3‐month outlook, which predicts seasonal climate variability for the whole of the UK over the next 3 months. I advance geographical knowledge by critiquing a tendency among SCO providers to assume that stakeholders only treat the climate as a descriptive index of weather trends. Instead, I propose that the idea of a normal climate, which is central to this mode of communication, is an effect of materially diverse professional practices, such as running seasonal climate models, making contingency plans, or writing and publishing newspaper articles. These socio‐material practices enact multiple understandings, or ontologies, of what the climate is, which then shape how SCO are understood and used. The analysis identifies moments where ontologies of climate converge and diverge and discusses the effect that these moments have on the communication of the Met Office's 3‐month outlook. The paper concludes by assessing the theoretical significance of material semiotic approaches for geographical research into the multiplicity of climate, as well as the practical significance of this work for scientists who are involved in communicating climate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the historical geography of British child migration to New Zealand between 1949 and 1954; a period that marked the 'beginning of the end' of centuries of state-sanctioned emigration of unaccompanied, poor, British children. This particular child migration programme was executed under the dual motivations of boosting the New Zealand economy through population increase, whilst 'rescuing' British children living in poverty. This paper seeks to explore the concept of the commodification of children through an historical account based on thematic analysis of New Zealand newspaper articles published between 1910 and 2017. This analysis demonstrates the way newspaper stories both reflect social discourse – in this instance concerning the desirability of the hosting of British child migrants – and act as a socio-technical device that shapes them – marketing the children to potential host families. The paper demonstrates how transnational geo-political and geo-economic flows of unaccompanied children complicate biocommodification and caring relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quite a few important Slovene politicians joined the Paneuropean Movement of Count Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi, established in Vienna in the early 1920s. This paper deals mainly with the role of Josip Vilfan, the leading political figure of the Slovene minority in the Fascist Italy and President of the Congress of European Nationalities, within the Paneuropean Union of Coudenhove-Kalergi. Together with Anton Korošec, the leading Slovene politician in Yugoslavia at the time, Vilfan also attended the 1st Congress of the Paneuropean Union in Vienna in October 1926 with representatives from 24 nations. In his paper, written upon personal invitation of Coudenhove-Kalergi, Vilfan described the establishment and initial activities of the Congress of European Nationalities. The Paneuropean Movement was very active in the Interwar-Yugoslavia. The Slovene press welcomed the announcement of the European federation that Aristide Briand drafted in 1930 at the request of the League of Nations. Briand was appointed Honorary President of the Paneuropean Union, and one of the consequences of his initiative was the establishment of the Yugoslav section of the Paneuropean Union, headed by Momčilo Ninčić, former foreign minister of Yugoslavia. The Slovene press covered the sway of Paneuropean Movement with outstanding attention. In October 1932, for example, the leading newspaper Slovenec published a series of articles on the 3rd Congress of the Paneuropean Union in Basel, which Vilfan also attended. However, his role was not so prominent as envisaged initially by Coudenhove-Kalergi. Reading Vilfan's letters to Coudenhove-Kalergi, one gets the impression that Vilfan was not ready to intensify relations between the Paneuropean Union and the Congress of European Nationalities. The expansion of the totalitarian regimes on the eve of the Second World War suppressed the activities of both organizations. In Hitler's "New Order" in Europe, there was no room for the Paneuropean cooperation based on the pr otection of minority rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inaugural issue of the Ayine newspaper was published on August 18th, 1921 in Istanbul. It was published weekly, on Thursdays and continued with 72 issues. Although, the sub-title of "Ayine" mentions that "it is a humorous newspaper", it would be more accurate to call it a "journal" as it is produced once a week. Yusuf Ziya signed four of the portrait poems in "Ayine" with the penname "Çimdik," while Faruk Nafiz signing as "Çamlıbel" wrote one. They also published one each under their names as "Yusuf Ziya Bey/Portraits" and "Faruk Nafiz Bey/Portraits". This paper transcribed seven portrait poems from the magazine's early issues into Latin letters, and assessed them in light of the writers' personal histories and personas. In particular, the paper tried to determine the humorous element in the poems and nalyse the lements of humor. The examined portrait poems were then compared with the portrait poems written in previous periods, by poets/personalities who were generally loved, considered masters and respected. Thus, one of the aims of the study was to examine how contemporary poets use verse to expose each other's weaknesses/flaws of poets/personalities. This study, therefore, is unique in that it demonstrates via examples how portrait poetry may also be used to address the flaws of the subject's cherished personalities in addition to the praise and glorification of those individuals. The poems under discussion are especially significant since they are original poems at the intersection of under-picture poetry and portrait poetry traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about one of the most violent and visible form anti-LGBTQI activism in Sweden, conducted by Neo-Nazis. Through a critical discourse analysis of 189 texts published in Swedish newspapers and Neo-Nazi alternative media, it argues that contemporary Swedish Neo-Nazi anti-LGBTQI activism draws upon and constructs transnational heteroactivist discourses. They claim to "protect the nuclear family" to deflate accusations of homophobia while gaining substantial visibility through news media covering their actions. The findings demonstrate the three ways Neo-Nazi texts use heteroactivist strategies. First, the texts argue that LGBTQI rights and feminism are societally harmful. Second, through intertextuality they refer to both local and international alternative media as the basis for their arguments. Third, they rationalise homophobic hatred. This paper contributes to discussions of heteroactivism, revealing the need to grapple with the ways it is intertwined with race and nationalism. Empirically, the analysis also highlights the significance of anti-LGBTQI activism in contemporary white power and extreme-right movements. The inclusion of news media texts that frame and represent heteroactivist strategies reveals that, despite their rationalising efforts, Neo-Nazi anti-LGBTQI activism is represented as homophobic and hateful in news and debate articles describing them. Additionally, news media representations of Neo-Nazi heteroactivist discourse present a nationalist contradiction, with authors re-constructing narratives of Sweden as a "LGBT friendly nation", bringing to light complex relations between heteroactivism, homophobia, racism, and nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "Tribune Buys U-T San Diego for $85M: Los Angeles to Run Paper," which appeared in the May 11, 2015 issue of the newsletter "News Inc." It discusses the acquisition of the daily newspaper "U-T San Diego" and its affiliated weekly newspapers and websites by diversified media company Tribune Publishing Co. for $85 million in the U.S. Details about the terms of the transaction are given.

The aim of this paper is to analyse a corpus of 137 texts published between 1888 and 1899. These texts are included in one of the most successful Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century: Las Novedades (New York, 1876-1918). In the analysis I will determine the linguistic ideologies and the discursive strategies used for the promotion of Hispanism and Spanish language in a sociopolitical context in which the Spanish hegemony was losing all its power at an international level. Thus, the ideologies found are divided in two different categories: the linguistic ideologies that give the language a cultural value and the linguistic ideologies that make reference to the economic and commercial value of the language. The results obtained from this analysis will contribute to understand the role of Spanish language in the United States. Furthermore, this paper presents an unpublished corpus of clear historiographic interest that contributes to clarify the panorama of Hispanism in a country like the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The goal of the paper is to identify, investigate and present the official ways of controlling the press in Australia in the 1930s and the ways in which editors and publishers of Croatian newspapers in Australia avoided censorship. This was the time when publications in foreign languages were checked before granting permission to publish, and within the Australian Croatian community the primary language of communication was Croatian. Based on the research, a list of all Croatian newspapers that were published in Australia in the early 1930s is compiled. Approach/methodology/design. The methods used in the research are the method of structured search of online public institutions' catalogues (primarily libraries and archives in Australia), content analysis of archival sources and publications, and the method of involving the Croatian community in Australia. Results. The research resulted in new findings about publications and their editing in the observed period. The social framework for publishing newspapers was researched and presented, and ways to avoid censorship were identified. Each way to avoid censorship is documented and described on the basis of archival sources or a few preserved publications. The research has identified publications that were published in the observed timeframe; the basic data on their publication and editing practices have been investigated. Originality/value. Two publications discovered during the research are described in the paper (Oganj and Iskra). In addition, one publication (one issue of Borba) was found, which was mentioned in the literature, but the bibliographic elements and technical characteristics have never been analysed and the place of storage was not known. All three publications have been digitized and are freely accessible at the links provided in the paper. Furthermore, the research has shown that one publication, which has so far been cited as the publication of Croats in Australia, was not actually published in Australia (Proleter). A list of publications published by Croats in Australia in the early 1930s was compiled on the basis of archival documents, and the ways of conducting and avoiding censorship were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the recent economic evolution of print press industry in Galicia. In addition to the general economic crisis of 2008, the sector has suffered its own structural crisis caused by the emergence of the Internet. To study the impact of this double crisis and the response of firms in the industry, we have conducted a financial analysis of 13 Galician newspaper publishing companies during the period 2008-2018, focusing on profitability and its main components. The results show a fall in turnover that extends throughout the whole period, including the economic growth phase, a symptom of the decline of paper as a journalistic medium. However, after a crisis stage characterized by negative profitability, companies were able to recover thanks to a reduction in the volume of total assets and operating costs more intense than the drop in sales, becoming smaller and more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several French cartoons making fun of the Fukushima nuclear disaster have caused public outrage in Japan. While nuclear energy is often considered a sensitive issue iii the country. Japanese press cartoonists have nevertheless played with it in various ways since the post-war period. Through the analysis of cartoons and comic strips (four cell mangas) published in the daily newspapers Asabi, Mainichi. and Yomiuri at seven key dates of the nuclear era— from the atomic bombing of Hiroshima (1945) to the nuclear accident of the Fukushima Daiichi plant (2011)-this paper analyzes how press cartoons were able to provide an original perspective on nuclear news in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper analyzes the impact of the contents about Banksy in the four main Spanish newspapers. The aim is to detect the treatment that the press makes about this figure and determine if these newspapers publish content in the same proportion, which is the main theme, what are the graphic resources they use, if there are evaluative connotations, etc. Methodology: Some of the hypotheses suggest that Banksy manages to put the media focus on the cause that his actions vindicate and that the more conservative newspapers are more critical and limit the space dedicated to him. All the publications that contain the word Banksy have been analyzed with a sheet elaborated ad hoc for this study. A total of 2248 items have been recorded, out of 221 pieces analyzed. Results: The ABC newspaper is where the negative evaluative connotations emerges to a greater extent, but also the one that offers the most space to Banksy or his work, followed by El País. The case claimed by Banksy is barely covered by all the newspapers, being null in the case of El Mundo. Conclusions: It is verified that a conservative newspaper such as ABC does not necessarily limit its space to this type of content. In general, the figure of Banksy and his actions, highly adjectived in all the newspapers, take center stage against the cause that he vindicates. The iconic nature of the Banksy concept, used often by newspapers as a brand, can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdulhamid II, one of the longest reigning sultans of the Ottoman Empire, was dethroned in 1909 after his reign that lasted for about thirty-three years. During his reign, he was exposed to negative accusations and ascriptions in the western public opinion because of the measures taken by him firstly in the Balkan Crisis in the mid-1870's, and then, especially in the Armenian Rebellions of 1890's. For Abdulhamid II, being constantly alienated as the Ottoman Sultan, it was used improper expressions like "Red Sultan", "Great Assassin" and "Abdul the Damned". Newspapers became the main element highlighting this negative image in the western public opinion. The similarity can be observed in the newspapers published by the members of the Young Turk movement. As the opponents of the Sultan, negative publications were made against the Ottoman Sultan in newspapers and magazines firstly published in the Ottoman geography and then in many places abroad, causing the image of Abdulhamid II to develop in a negative way. Abdulhamid II, who was called as "exsultan" after his dethronement both in the Ottoman and western newspapers, lived for nine years in exile at first in Thessaloniki and then at Beylerbeyi Palace. After his death in February 1918, he was reported in the Ottoman newspapers as "hakan-i mağfur/forgiven Sultan" and in the foreign newspapers as "death sultan". In this paper, it is aimed to examine the reflections of the death of Abdulhamid II in the national and foreign newspapers. Ottoman newspapers such as Ati, İkdam, Sabah, Tanin, Tasvir-i Efkar, Tercüman-ı Hakikat, Servet-i Fünun and Vakit and the leading newspapers of British, French and American presses constitute the sources of study. In this frame, it is aimed to describe firstly how Abdulhamid's death and funeral ceremony were portrayed, and secondly to determine whether there is any negative/positive change in their perception of the Sultan image in Turkish and foreign newspapers. Thus, it could be possible to compare Turkish and foreign newspapers' approach towards Abdulhamid after nine years of his dethronement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how leading provincial newspapers in Edwardian Liverpool incorporated innovations popularised by the daily mass press into their reporting of election-time politics. Drawn from coverage of four general elections, this paper charts how changes in these Liverpudlian newspapers' political coverage showcased a provincial press that was inspired by powerful national competitors, and utilised some of their innovations to the language and formatting of political reporting to attempt to speak more directly to local readerships. This evolution in content both 'localised' and 'sensationalised' these newspapers' approaches to political reporting, and contributed to a broader, positive recalibration of their purpose as provincial newspapers and their connection to their localities. Through this case study, this paper also challenges historical understandings of the national New Journalism's impact on the provincial newspaper industry, as well as the nature of its political content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we aim to highlight the main characteristics of the Romanian newspapers published for the Transylvanian peasants in the second half of the nineteenth century. These newspapers were a special type of press dedicated to the rural world, in which various issues were debated, from agriculture, food, and medical care to political and daily news. In the first part of the paper, we analyzed the editorial mission statements of the most important gazettes of the second part of the nineteenth century, such as ªezãtoarea and Cãrþile sãteanului român, which appeared for long periods, but also two examples, Opinca and Gazeta economului, which, despite their transient appearance, fully reflected the message and characteristics of this type of press. In the second part we looked at the main common themes, trying to highlight the major subjects that the Transylvanian Romanian elites wanted to raise in the rural areas. The research capitalized on the articles published in the researched periodicals but also on the specialized literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lea Goldberg played a pivotal role in the children literature arena during the Yishuv period. Beginning in 1936, only a year after her immigration to Mandatory Palestine, Goldberg served as associate-editor for Davar Leyeladim , the leading Hebrew children's weekly, published by the official newspaper of the Histadrut (the General Federation of Labor). Additionally, over 500 hundred of her works for children, including poems, stories, translations, essays, literary criticism for young readers, and even comic strips were published in the magazine. It was a tumultuous era. The Arab Revolt (1936–1939), the outbreak of WWII and the publication of the MacDonald White Paper of 1939 all exerted a direct impact on the Jewish communities in Palestine and abroad. These political and national crises of the day also greatly affected the educational and literary fields. Though most pieces in Davar Leyeladim touched on current events, Goldberg declared her unflagging commitment to aesthetic and humanistic universal values even in those anguished times. The poets' role, she claimed, is to remind their readers what is important and beautiful in the world. Her writings for children epitomized this approach at first, but gradually changed as the war in Europe intensified. The article explores Goldberg's unique treatment of current events in her writings for children, and her efforts to reconcile Labor Zionist ideals and aspirations with her own aesthetic convictions. The conflicts and contradictions between local and universal ideals engendered some of her most fascinating works for children that have not as yet assumed center stage in scholarly research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the cooccurrence of heightened media attention after the publication of a paper by Skovlund et al in September 2016 on the link between hormonal contraception and depression or mood on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the UK. Methods: A quantitative analysis of relevant newspaper articles published between January 2014 and December 2017 was performed, as well as a content analysis. ADR reports were collected from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency website and via a Freedom of Information request. A quantitative analysis was performed on ADR reports of hormonal contraceptives for all ADRs and for depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Results: The publication of the Skovlund et al paper did not lead to a peak in relevant newspaper articles, but there was a change in the content of the newspaper articles, which focussed more on the link between hormonal contraceptives and depression or mood. There was an overall increase in ADR reports by women relating to hormonal contraceptives between 2016 and 2017, and for combined contraceptives this was due to an increase in ADR reports of depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Conclusions: The content of media attention appears to affect ADR reporting by women for combined contraceptives. In general, patients report the majority of depressed mood disorders and disturbances ADRs as opposed to health professionals, who report other ADRs. Care providers can anticipate the effect of heightened media attention and help patients when they experience these ADRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the representation of university students in the collective Italian imaginary during '68 through the contemporary articles published in La Stampa and Stampa Sera describing the student uprisings at the University of Turin (Italy). The paper draws on a large amount of articles published in the daily newspapers La Stampa and Stampa Sera (nearly 400, from January to June 1968, the most dynamic phase of the protests) to highlight how journalists constructed the narrative of the rebellion by criticising the image of the rebel students, using words loaded with negative meanings and delegitimising their claims without any effort to understand their motivations. The image of the students that emerges from the articles over the period of time considered is negative, constructed to underline the destructive nature of the demonstrations against the political and social system of Italy in the 1960s. There was an unfailing tendency to highlight the rioting, disturbance of lessons, and physical and verbal attacks against teachers and the police, and the language used were reminiscent of that employed in times of war. The daily national press of the time is a rich source of material, with considerable interpretative and explanatory potential; in reconstructing the events day by day, it enables us to conduct an in-depth investigation into the ideology and the imaginary at play in a given space and time. It explores corners of the history of education that escape official recording and reveals the focus of interest and the priorities of the media groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper uses a historical case study, the controversy over the possibility of climatic extremes caused by hydrogen bomb tests on Pacific Ocean atolls during the 1950s, to show how, in a context of few scientific data and high uncertainty, political affiliations and public concerns shaped two types of argumentation, the "energy" and the "precautionary" arguments. Design/methodology/approach: Systematic analysis of publications 1954–1956: scientific and semiscientific articles, publications of C.-N. Martin and contemporary newspaper articles, especially from the Asia–Pacific region. Findings: First, epistemological and scientific reasoning about the likelihood of extreme natural events aligned to political convictions and pressure. Second, a geographical and social distribution of arguments: the relativizing "energy argument" prevailed in English-language scientific journals, while the "precautionary argument" dominated in popular journals and newspapers published worldwide. Third, while the "energy argument" attained general scientific consensus within two years, it lost out in the long run. The proponents of the "precautionary argument" raised relevant research questions that, though first rejected in the 1950s, later exposed the fallacies of the "energy argument" (shown for the case of the climatologist William W. Kellogg). Originality/value: In contrast to the existing secondary literature, this paper presents a balanced view of the weaknesses and strengths of two lines of arguments in the 1950s. Further, this historical study sheds light on how once-discarded scientific theories may ultimately be reconsidered in a completely different political and scientific context, thus justifying the original precautionary argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newspaper globally known as the Guardian began its life in Manchester as the Manchester Guardian. This paper examines the reactions of readers of the newspaper in the context of the decision to remove the word 'Manchester' from the its title in 1959. It uses 251 letters on the subject sent to the newspaper to assess the usefulness of Anthony Cohen's idea of readers as a symbolic community. This approach defines community in terms of a shared symbol whose meaning may be interpreted differently by individuals. The study concludes that there were two aspects to the readers' relationship with the newspaper – they were attached to ideas about the symbolic nature of Manchester and the north of England more generally but the meaning they ascribed to being part of a community of readers differed in a nuanced way and according to individual interpretations. The newspaper's determination to re-brand as a national rather than a provincial paper caused its readers to try to redefine their identities as members of the symbolic community of the Manchester Guardian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democrat Party (DP) era is one of the contested periods in terms of politics, economy, society and foreign policy in Turkey. Particularly, the government-press relations and Turkey's Middle East policy especially in the late 1950s consist serious challenges and crises. Initially, the DP government conducted a liberal press policy, but in the second half of the decade government-press relations strained. Similarly, Turkey's Middle East policy can be regarded as a success story in the first half of the decade, while Turkey faced serious crises and challenges in the region in the second half. Despite several studies on governmentpress relations in the 1950s in the literature, there is a shortage of specific studies analyzing positions of the press towards DP's Middle East policy. As a result, this paper aims to fill this gap and analyze the positions of the press regarding Turkey's Middle East policy throughout the decade in order to show divergence and convergence between the government and the press. Selected newspapers and journals published in this period will be used as primary sources. This paper concludes that the press in Turkey, regardless of their positions towards the government, supported DP's pro-Western and anti-communist Middle East policy despite some exceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a group of metaphors conceptualising the welfare state as a participant in the ATTACK scenario, as well as several related metaphors involving the use of force, in a corpus of British newspaper articles published between 2008 and April 2015. The analysis draws on a point of convergence between Discourse-Historical Approach and Conceptual Metaphor Theory, focusing on the argumentative functions of these metaphors. The paper finds that these particular metaphors are attested predominantly in the left-leaning newspapers. As a predication strategy with a coercive effect, they typically work to axiologically and emotionally undermine the austerity policies of the Coalition government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes texts from Serbian and German newspapers published in Yugoslavia and Banat during the 1930s and 1940s concerning renewalists, the Nazi element in the German minority. This paper examines the newspapers published in Serbian, as well as the papers published by the German minority organization Kulturbund. The writing of the pro-Nazi newspapers from Banat about the organization which imitated German Nazis and their propaganda methods has been analyzed separately. The religious component has also been analyzed, as well as the relation of the Catholic and Protestant German churches in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia with the renewalists, that is, Nazis. This paper states that the renewalists had a great influence on the German minority in Banat and Yugoslavia, directing it ideologically towards German national-socialism. It can be concluded that the media had a significant role in the Nazi propaganda, as well as in the attempts to suppress Nazism and show the deadly consequences of that totalitarian ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the role of newspaper reports by the New York Times and Washington Post on the anti-palm oil campaign on Malaysia-U.S trade relations concerning anti-palm oil campaign. The campaign was initiated by the American Soybean Association (ASA), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and the National Heart Savers Association (NHSA), with the support of newspaper reports mainly from the New York Times and Washington Post. This paper posits that the campaign published by the newspapers affected the Malaysia-U.S trading relationship, in particular, in relation to palm oil imports and exports. The historical research method was employed for this study analyses both primary and secondary data. In addition, interviews were conducted to validate the findings. This study is crucial in filling the gap in the literature on the anti-palm oil campaign published in newspapers and its impact on Malaysia-U.S. relations. At present, the anti-palm oil campaign remains on the agenda of developed countries and other international green peace groups. The Malaysian government has remained as an active player in promoting the palm oil industry in the U.S. and European countries. This research demonstrates that newspaper reports influenced members of the U.S. Congress to propose a bill on the labeling of tropical oils. Palm oil is seen as a source of saturated fats, which poses a health risk. Newspaper reports were also used as evidence to garner support for the bill in Congress. This anti-oil palm campaign led to a decline in Malaysian palm oil exports to the U.S. These newspaper reports led to tensions in Malaysia, and the anti-palm oil campaign is perceived as an "act of war in a foreign country". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates readers' perceptions of Idikelethu newspaper as a tool for community development, particularly in Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data was collected from two focus group discussions that were held in the areas where Idikelethu newspaper has high readership rates. The findings revealed that development-related issues such as health awareness, education and community safety, among others, are regularly addressed by this community newspaper. Based on the findings and analysis of data, this study concludes that Idikelethu newspaper contributes in many ways to the development of its readers and Alice community in general. It is anticipated that the findings of this paper will play an important role in assisting Idikelethu and other community newspapers to function better as agents of community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to identify features and regularities pertaining to the process of cooperation between two cities under the conditions of a pre-existing socio-political conflict. The study covers the Bydgoszcz and Toruń Integrated Territorial Investments' support area, the only example of a bilateral arrangement in Poland which includes two voivodship capitals. Due to the specificity of the region and the Toruń-Bydgoszcz rancor, the negotiations preceding the formation of the ITI were turbulent. The research was based on a discursive analysis of newspaper reports published by the regional issue of the country-wide daily Gazeta Wyborcza in the period of 2012–2020 and directly related to the making of the Bydgoszcz-Toruń Functional Area. The purpose of the conducted press search was to reconstruct how the bipolar functional area that had enabled the applying for EU funding was formed, and to identify the socio-political conflicts that had lain behind the creation of the support area. It has been evidenced that disputes rooted in the examined cities significantly hinder the creation of a spatially coherent and functionally complementary bipolar system. The functional area is divided due to the core cities' past and the history of mutual animosities deriving from the local ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on Assyrian magazines and newspapers initially published within the Ottoman era and extending into the Turkish Republic while in addition covering the exile activities pushed by Assyrians originating from Ottoman and/or Turkish geography. The first magazines started to be published here. However, the first emerging cultural activities came to an abrupt end with the beginning of World War I and the Christian persecutions and massacres that accompanied it. Leading intellectual figures had to leave the country or were killed. Many emigrated intellectuals of that era were able to follow up on the journalistic activities of the pioneers of the Ottoman period and founded newspapers and magazines in exile. The migration from Turkey led to the establishment of Assyrians and their organizations in the diaspora resulting in increased activities in the field of journalism. This article will provide a comprehensive compilation in the sense of an inventory and a corresponding brief description/profiling of the main publications that can be attributed to contributions and efforts of Assyrians whose roots lie in Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]