211,855 results
Search Results
152. Researcher at University of Innsbruck Releases New Data on Experimental Psychology (Let's do it: Response times in Mental Paper Folding and its execution).
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PAPER arts ,EXPERIMENTAL psychology ,STIMULUS & response (Psychology) ,RESEARCH personnel ,DATA release - Abstract
A recent study conducted at the University of Innsbruck in Austria explored the relationship between action imagery and action execution in experimental psychology. The researchers found that the performance of mental imagery and physical execution tasks were strongly correlated and decreased as the complexity of the task increased. The study also suggested that mental paper folding primarily involves dynamic visual representations rather than being associated with one's own movements. This research provides valuable insights into the cognitive processes involved in action imagery. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
153. Exploring the Boundaries: When Explanation Activities Do Not Improve Comprehension
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Wiley, Jennifer, Guerrero, Tricia A., Hildenbrand, Lena, and Griffin, Thomas D.
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Engaging in explanation while studying expository science texts can improve comprehension. The present study varied the timing of explanation activities and restudy opportunities before taking final comprehension tests on a set of 6 topics studied as part of a course in Introduction to Psychology. When students had the opportunity to restudy in the same session, then comprehension benefited from explanation activities. However, no benefit from explanation activities was seen when they were done in a session prior to the restudy opportunity. [This is online version of paper published in "Preprint Repository for the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Text & Discourse" (No. 9587).]
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- 2023
154. A Position Paper on the Implementation of Learning Technology Tools: Uncovering Faculty Perceptions
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Zhanat Alma Elliston
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Higher education ,business.industry ,Component (UML) ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mathematics education ,Key (cryptography) ,Position paper ,Psychology ,business ,Style (sociolinguistics) ,media_common - Abstract
Effective integration of learning technology tools in classrooms is a key component of 21st century higher education classrooms. The goal of the position paper is to provide a discussion from the results of the research study and to uncover the faculty members’ views and perceptions about implementing learning technology tools. Insights from this study revealed that it is a teaching technique and style of the faculty members in the use of these learning technology tools that determined the nature of their perception of success rather than the learning tools themselves.
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- 2020
155. Rubrics for EFL Oral Presentations A Position Paper
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Magdy M. Aly
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Formative assessment ,Medical education ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Foreign language ,Position paper ,English as a foreign language ,Rubric ,Context (language use) ,Student learning ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The instructional value of rubrics for promoting student learning and aiding teacher feedback to student performance has been extensively reached in the educational literature. There is nonetheless a dearth of studies on students' rubric use in second/foreign language contexts. And fewer studies have investigated the factor affecting rubrics' effectiveness for promoting student learning. The paper Reports a classroom-based inquiry unto students' perceptions of rubric use in self-assessment in English as a foreign language context and the factors moderating its effectiveness. Eighty students at Chinese university participated in the study. The data collected included their reflective journals and six case study informants' retrospective interviews. Results showed that the rubric was perceived as useful for fostering the students' self-regulation by guiding them through the stages of goal-setting, planning, self- monitoring and self-reflection. Both within-rubric and rubric-user factors were identified as affecting the rubric's effectiveness in student self-assessment. The findings are discussed with reference to the design features of rubrics implications are drawn for formative rubric use in student self-assessment
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- 2020
156. Teaching acronyms to the military: A paper-based DDL approach
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Pascual Pérez-Paredes and Yolanda Noguera-Díaz
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050101 languages & linguistics ,Concordance ,05 social sciences ,Rank (computer programming) ,050301 education ,Paper based ,Target population ,English for specific purposes ,Language acquisition ,Mathematics education ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Materials Science ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
This research investigates the use of Data-driven learning (DDL) tasks in the teaching and learning of acronyms in a specialised corpus. Our target population is professional military staff (n=16). The researchers collected and analysed the Salvage and Rescue of Submarines Corpus (SAR) where the patterning of acronyms, neglected in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), plays a substantial role. Using a mixed-methods methodology, this research looked at the students’ interaction with DDL, as well as at the subsequent interviews with the students. Deductive and inductive paper-based DDL tasks with concordance lines of acronyms were used with two groups of students of different rank. Both groups found the tasks challenging and showed mixed reactions towards concordance lines. While there has been a much-needed emphasis on tools and corpus methods training in DDL, we suggest that conversations with adult, professional students about the nature of instructed language learning and language patterning are absolutely essential to promote a more active learner role in DDL approaches.
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- 2020
157. Seeds that bloom on stony ground – Concept paper of the future perspectives of the unexploited capacities of positive clinical psychology in Hungary
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Hungary ,mental disorder ,Mental Disorders ,positive psychology ,SDG 3 – Goede gezondheid en welzijn ,clinical positive psychology ,Clinical ,Mental Health ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Maintainable Positive Mental Health Theory ,Humans ,Psychology ,Positive ,positive psychological assessment measure - Abstract
Positive psychology has fully examined the flourishing among healthy people but neglected to understand how “optimal human functioning” can apply to the life experiences of a vulnerable person. Considering methodological issues, this article gives a brief overview on how the conceptualization of mental health and mental disorders affects the consideration of strengths along with the presence of dysfunction with the emergence of positive psychology. First, we summarize the shortcomings of the applicability of clinical positive psychology, focusing especially on Hungarian clinical practice. Second, we discuss the problems with the conceptualization of mental health in positive psychological framework. Third, we propose a model, the Maintainable Positive Mental Health Theory based on capacities and competences. Finally, we conclude with methodological questions and present a research protocol. The key finding of our review is that the opportunity exists for psychiatrists and psychologists to embrace disability as part of human experiences and to show how people with vulnerabilities can be supported to recover.
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- 2022
158. El paper de la conversa en l’educació demòcrata
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Anna Pagès
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Filosofia de l’educació ,educació i democràcia ,educació a Catalunya ,sistema escolar ,currículum i oralitat. ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
En aquest treball reflexionem sobre la importància de la conversa en una educació demòcrata. Aquest enfocament de l’educació no solament educa per a la democràcia, sinó que la inclou en la pràctica diària a l’escola. Prenent com a punt de partida la banalització de la paraula, de l’antropòleg Lluís Duch, i l’anàlisi de John Dewey a Democracy and Education (1916), proporcionem alguns arguments per a defensar la conversa com a experiència educativa i realitzar una valoració crítica de l’actual currículum de competències lingüístiques a Catalunya. Considerem que la conversa, entesa com una modalitat de relació amb els altres, no pot ser mai entesa com una estratègia de tipus competencial ni ser avaluada per nivells. Cal pensar-la en termes de comprensivitat, inspirant-nos en l’aproximació dels programes dels grups escolars als anys trenta, defensors d’una conversa senzilla entre mestre i alumne com a finalitat principal de la tasca educativa. El fonament antropològic de tota conversa és l’alteritat, la reciprocitat entre mestre i alumnes, que proposa formes d’associació i de comunicació més dignes i humanes, per tal de millorar la societat en la direcció del que Dewey anomenà common understanding o una entesa compartida. Paraules clau: Filosofia de l’educació, educació i democràcia, conversa i educació, educació a Catalunya, sistema escolar, currículum i oralitat.
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- 2020
159. Anne Boykin Institute for the Advancement of Caring in Nursing Use of Robots to Complement Caring Relationships in Nursing Position Paper
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Willa Fuller, Claudia Grobbel, and Susan Bulfin
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Community and Home Care ,Nursing (miscellaneous) ,030504 nursing ,06 humanities and the arts ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Complement (complexity) ,InformationSystems_GENERAL ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Position paper ,Robot ,060301 applied ethics ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Care Planning - Abstract
This position paper expresses current and future concerns about the use of robots in nursing. This statement reflects integration of humanoid nurse robots (HNRs) in nursing education, practice, and research. It is imperative nurses be directly involved in decisions about the design, implementation, and evaluation of the use of HNRs in healthcare. As questions arise about the ethical use of robots in nursing situations, caring theories will inform the implementation of HNRs in nursing to ensure the we protect the safety and the dignity of those entrusted to our care.
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- 2019
160. Partnering to Improve Career and Technical Education for Students With Disabilities: A Position Paper of the Division on Career Development and Transition
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Allison Lombardi, David W. Test, Michael W. Harvey, Amy Szymanski, Catherine Imperatore, Kristy Barnett, Michelle Conrad, and Dawn A. Rowe
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Vocational education ,Transition (fiction) ,Pedagogy ,Position (finance) ,Position paper ,Division (mathematics) ,Special education ,Psychology ,Teacher education ,Education ,Career development - Abstract
This article describes the Division of Career Development and Transition’s (DCDT) position regarding Career Technical Education (CTE) and provides recommendations regarding more intense collaboration to improve access to and persistence in CTE for students with disabilities. Professional groups, such as the DCDT and the Association for Career and Technical Education, as well as policy makers, should strengthen collaboration in this area. This position paper: (a) explores CTE’s effectiveness as a secondary special education and transition service; (b) summarizes relevant federal legislation; and (c) presents key recommendations for policy, practice, personnel preparation and professional development, and research. Policy and practice recommendations emphasize access and equity, personnel preparation and professional development recommendations promote an understanding of related legislation and instructional practices, and research recommendations emphasize collaborative high-quality research.
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- 2019
161. The representation of argumentation in scientific papers: A comparative analysis of two research areas.
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Wang, Xiaoguang, Song, Ningyuan, Zhou, Huimin, and Cheng, Hanghang
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SEMANTICS , *LIBRARY science , *PSYCHOLOGY , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *COMPARATIVE studies , *THEORY , *INTELLECT , *RESEARCH funding , *ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *LITERATURE reviews , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Scientific papers are essential manifestations of evolving scientific knowledge, and arguments are an important avenue to communicate research results. This study aims to understand how the argumentation process is represented in scientific papers, which is important for knowledge representation, discovery, and retrieval. First, based on fundamental argument theory and scientific discourse ontologies, a coding schema, including 17 categories was constructed. Thereafter, annotation experiments were conducted with 40 scientific articles randomly selected from two different research areas (library and information science and biomedical sciences). Statistical analysis and the sequential pattern mining method were then employed; the ratio of different argumentation units and evidence types were calculated, the argumentation semantics of figures and tables analyzed, and the argumentation structures extracted. A correlation analysis between argumentation and rhetorical structures was also performed to further reveal how argumentation was represented within scientific discourses. The results indicated a difference in the proportion of the argumentation units in the two types of scientific papers, as well as a similar linear construction with differences in the specific argument structures of each knowledge domain and a clear correlation between argumentation and rhetorical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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162. Call for Papers
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Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2018
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163. Some Guidelines for Reporting National Regulations on Clinical Psychology for Papers in the Section 'Politics and Education' of CPE
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Anton-Rupert Laireiter, Winfried Rief, and Cornelia Weise
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Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2019
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164. Calculating and reporting effect sizes on scientific papers (3): Guide to report regression models and ANOVA effect sizes
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Helena Maria Amaral Espirito Santo and Fernanda Daniel
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ANOVA ,Análise de regressão ,Tamanho do efeito ,Valor p ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In the first issue of the Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, the importance of calculating, indicating, and interpreting the effect sizes for the differences of means of two groups (d family of effect sizes) was reviewed. Effect sizes are standard metrics that allows the comparison of the results of statistical analyzes of different studies. Effect sizes also report on the impact of a factor on the variable under investigation and the association between variables. After reviewing the effect sizes for the mean differences between two groups (Espirito-Santo & Daniel, 2015) and most of the r family (Espirito-Santo & Daniel, 2017), the review of effect sizes for analysis of variance was lacking. Analysis of variance can be understood as an extension of the d family to more than two groups (ANOVA) or as an r subfamily in which the proportion of variability is attributable to one or more factors. In the r subfamily reviewed in this study, we analyse the change in the dependent variable that results from one or more independent variables. This analysis is focused on general linear models, including regression models and ANOVA. This article provides the formulas for calculating the most common effect sizes by reviewing the basic concepts of the statistics and providing illustrative examples computed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The guidelines for the interpretation of effect sizes are also presented, as well as the cautions in their use. Also, the article is accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet to facilitate and expedite the calculations for interested readers.
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- 2018
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165. Psychology as an Evolving, Interdisciplinary Science: Integrating Science in Sensation and Perception from Fourier to Fluid Dynamics
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Ebersole, Tela M. and Kelty-Stephen, Damian G.
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This article outlines the theoretical rationale and process for an integrated-science approach to teaching sensation and perception (S&P) to undergraduate psychology students that may also serve as an integrated-science curriculum. The course aimed to introduce the interdisciplinary evolution of this psychological field irrespective of any presumed distinctions between hard and soft science. The class began with perceptual science's foundations in Fourier decomposition and culminated in more recent developments with the perceptual science's interest in pattern-formation phenomena from fluid dynamics, and class illustrated this transition with various applications in music, art, and materials science. Post-course responses to the Research on Integrated Science Curriculum survey demonstrated that our students made significantly large gains in course elements, specifically making the most of the students pre-existing experiences. We find that students are ready and willing to engage in the study of S&P by setting aside neuroscience's sometimes constraining assumptions.
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- 2017
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166. Scientific Paper Production by Iranian Dental Schools Between 2015 and 2019
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Mehrdad Vossoughi, Aira Sabokseir, Ali Golkari, Seyyed Taghi Heydari, and Heshmatollah Heidari
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Medical education ,Dental research ,Scopus ,Paper production ,Christian ministry ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Accreditation - Abstract
Background: Journal articles published by Iranian dental school faculty members have followed an upward trend Since 2000, based on: (1) the global growth rate; (2) the increase in the number of country’s dental schools and their relatively higher number of faculty members; and (3) the health ministry’s emphasis on research and scientific publications. Hence, it is important to keep ourselves up to date about the trend of scientific articles published by Iranian dental schools. Objectives: This study aimed to extract the number and quantitative value of articles authored by faculty members of Iranian dental schools that are indexed in three databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, and the Web of Science (WoS/ISI) from 2015 to 2019. Methods: A five-year cross-sectional study was conducted on the above-mentioned databases, using a similar strategy for all databases. Words “Iran” and “dent*” were searched in affiliations. The obtained results were investigated in-depth. The details of search results were checked out one by one. Only those articles with at least one author genuinely affiliated to an Iranian dental school were included for further assessment. The “number of articles” authored by at least one author and those with the “first author” affiliated to an Iranian dental school were counted. Then, the “quantitative value” or share of each author was calculated by dividing one by the number of authors of the article. The three variables were compared among databases, dental schools, and study years. Results: A total of 3922, 2473, and 2345 articles were retrieved from SCOPUS, PubMed, and WoS, respectively. Concerning SCOPUS and WoS databased, all three study variables had an increasing trend from 2015 to 2018 but decreased in 2019. In PubMed, however, the decline started from the beginning of the study period. Conclusions: The observed decline in the number of scientific papers produced or published at the end of the study period is worrying. The novel variable of “quantitative value” that was calculated in this study can be regarded as an appropriate and feasible indicator to determine the number of scientific papers published by individuals, dental schools, and the whole country’s dental research society, compared to other variables. Policymakers should rethink facilitating publication in accredited journals, especially those indexed in PubMed.
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- 2021
167. Testing the Effects of a Utility Value Intervention in an Online Research Methods Course: A Conceptual Replication of Hulleman Et Al. (2017, Study 2)
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Paul C. Price, Kiana Crisosto, Anthony Carvalho, Constance J. Jones, Meaghan McCready, Amber Shaver, and Andrea N. Wiemann
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Background: Utility-value (UV) classroom interventions typically involve students completing assignments that involve writing about the usefulness of the course material. They are widely recommended and have received some empirical support. Objective: This study tested the effectiveness of a UV intervention in an online research methods course. It was a conceptual replication of a study by Hulleman et al. (2017, Study 2). Method: Students (N = 264) were randomly assigned to complete three assignments that required them to write about the usefulness of course material or three assignments that required them to summarize course material. The groups were compared in terms of their scores on a research methods knowledge test, their final papers, their final exams, and their final point totals, along with measures of the interestingness and usefulness of the course material. Results: There were no differences between conditions on any of the outcome variables. Conclusion: The UV intervention was ineffective. Further research is needed to establish the conditions under which such interventions are and are not effective. Teaching Implications: UV interventions do not necessarily improve student performance. Instructors who use them should consider doing so in a way that allows for an assessment of their effect in their local context.
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- 2024
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168. Calculating and reporting effect sizes on scientific papers (2): Guide to report the strength of relationships
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Helena Espírito Santo and Fernanda Daniel
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Tamanho do efeito ,Coeficientes de correlação ,Apresentação estatística ,Interpretação estatística ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In the first issue of the Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, it was described the importance of calculating, indicating and interpreting the effect sizes for the differences between means of two groups. The PJBSR intends to continue to remind of the importance of reporting effect sizes for other statistical tests. The magnitude of the strength of the relationships was not indicated in the previous paper, and it may not be known that correlation is an effect size. Thus, this paper intends to provide some guidelines to the authors on the procedures for calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and some correlation coefficients for special data (Spearman Rho, Kendall’s Tau, Point-biserial and biserial, Phi, Cramér’s V, and Eta). For this purpose, the formulas, steps in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), assumptions and precautions, classification of values and their interpretation will be presented. Since SPSS does not compute all the mentioned coefficients, five spreadsheets (3 ways of comparing correlations, point-biserial and biserial, and correction of correlations for samples < 60) were included in the article supplements.
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- 2017
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169. Title: Call for papers – Gestalt psycology and philosophy / Gestaltpsychologie und Philosophie Wolfgang Metzger Award 2019 / Wolfgang-Metzger-Preis 2019 Young Academics Achievement Award / Nachwuchs – Förderpreis
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Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2017
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170. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE RUSSIAN VOCABULARY AND TEXTS WITHIN ONE LINGUISTIC SCHOOL: EXPERIENCE OF SUMMARY AND METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTION IN HINDSIGHT. PAPER 2
- Author
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Nikolay D. Golev
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experiment ,linguistics ,semasiology ,lexicography ,linguistic research methodology ,the principles of linguistic experimentation ,l. v. sherba ,History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics ,DK1-4735 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The content of the article up consists in methodological reflections about general principles of experimenting in linguistics on the whole and in Russian linguistics in particular. In this regard the article deals with the studies which are within the tradition starting in the works of I. A. Baudeuine de Courtenay, L. V. Sherba and other linguists who thought the address to the language consciousness (language feeling) to give the relevant information about the language itself. The other line is the reflection over axiomatization and absolutization of this principle in modern anthropocentric linguistics. Though these two lines present different subjects coming from different sources and different research presumptions, they are put in close connection and interrelation. In conclusion, the author states that a full and deep view of language cannot be created without studies based on the other contrary presumption.
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- 2017
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171. Information Literacy as a Key to Academic Success: Results from a Longitudinal Study
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Mayer, Anne-Kathrin, Krampen, Günter, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Liu, Ting, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Kurbanoğlu, Serap, editor, Boustany, Joumana, editor, Špiranec, Sonja, editor, Grassian, Esther, editor, Mizrachi, Diane, editor, Roy, Loriene, editor, and Çakmak, Tolga, editor
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- 2016
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172. Comparisons of Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Performances between Computer-and Paper-based Test in Children with Language Development Delay
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Ji Suk Park, Seong Hee Choi, Chul-Hee Choi, and Kyoung jae Lee
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Linguistics and Language ,business.industry ,Communication ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,Test (assessment) ,Speech and Hearing ,Language development ,Expressive vocabulary ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Psychology ,computer ,Natural language processing - Abstract
배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 언어발달지연 아동의 한국판 수용 · 표현 어휘력 검사에서 컴퓨터 기반(태블릿 PC) 매체와 종이 기반 매체를 이용하여 매체의 변화가 아동의 언어 수행력에 차이를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구의 대상은 생활 연령이 만 3-7세의 언어발달지연 아동 27명을 대상으로 하였다. 언어발달지연 정도와 통합언어연령에 따라 각각 두...
- Published
- 2020
173. PERCEPTIONS OF PAPER-BASED LECTURE HANDOUTS AMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS AT AL-KINDY MEDICAL COLLEGE
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Abdu Al Kareem Ali Hassan, Hasoon Fadhel Abdulla, Al-Ealam Medical Sector M.B.Ch.B. M.Sc., and Haifaa Rashid Hamid
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Medical education ,Paper based ,Psychology - Published
- 2020
174. Factors Influencing Homosexuality in Men: A Term Paper
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Margie P. Vito
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Term paper ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Homosexuality ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2020
175. Assessing Energy Intake in Daily Life: Signal-Contingent Smartphone Application Versus Event-Contingent Paper and Pencil Estimated Diet Diary
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Saskia Wouters, Viviane Thewissen, Mira Duif, Lilian Lechner, and Nele Jacobs
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Signal-contingent ,Event-contingent ,Between-meal snacking ,Experience Sampling Method (ESM) ,Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) ,Estimated Diet Diary ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Objectives: Investigating between-meal snack intake and its associated determinants such as emotions and stress presents challenges because both vary from moment to moment throughout the day. A smartphone application (app), was developed to map momentary between-meal snack intake and its associated determinants in the context of daily life. The aim of this study was to compare energy intake reported with the signal-contingent app and reported with an event-contingent paper and pencil diet diary. Methods: In a counterbalanced, cross-sectional design, adults (N = 46) from the general population reported between-meal snack intake during four consecutive days with the app and four consecutive days with a paper and pencil diet diary. A 10-day interval was applied between the two reporting periods. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to compare both instruments on reported momentary and daily energy intake from snacks. Results: Results showed no significant difference (B = 11.84, p = .14) in momentary energy intake from snacks between the two instruments. However, a significant difference (B = –105.89, p < .01) was found on energy intake from total daily snack consumption. Conclusions: As at momentary level both instruments were comparable in assessing energy intake, research purposes will largely determine the sampling procedure of choice. When momentary associations across time are the interest of study, a signal-contingent sampling procedure may be a suitable method. Since the compared instruments differed on two main features (i.e. the sampling procedure and the device used) it is difficult to disentangle which instrument was the most accurate in assessing daily energy intake.
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- 2016
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176. Innovation in Psychotherapy, Challenges, and Opportunities: An Opinion Paper
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Janina Isabel Schweiger, Kai G. Kahl, Jan Philipp Klein, Valerija Sipos, and Ulrich Schweiger
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psychotherapy development ,psychotherapy innovation ,randomized controlled clinical trails ,metacognitive therapy (MCT) ,scientific base of psychotherapy ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Psychotherapy as a field tends toward conservativism, and the rate of innovation and development of new evidence-based effective treatments has been slow. The paper explores important barriers to innovation like the dodo bird verdict and the habit of starting the development of therapeutic methods from techniques. The paper looks at the opportunities for translating basic science in psychology into psychotherapeutic techniques. Metacognitive therapy stands out from other psychotherapies by its development from basic science. The paper describes the development of the techniques detached mindfulness and attention training, how they were derived from basic science and tested for their suitability in the therapy of patients with anxiety disorders. By this process, metacognitive therapy may be an important model for the innovation process in psychotherapy.
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- 2019
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177. Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals in Ghana : A Position Paper
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Lucy Boahemaa, Ama Boafo-Arthur, Maxwell Opuni Antwi, Fanglin Li, and Elvis Adu
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Health professionals ,Work engagement ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,Organizational commitment ,Work environment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychological well-being ,0502 economics and business ,Job involvement ,Position paper ,Job satisfaction ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychology ,050203 business & management - Abstract
There is a growing interest in the health professionals’ performance sustenance and work- related attitudes research. This is primarily because health professionals experience on daily basis some undesirable variables like fatigue, `well-being, stress, emotional drain, psychological need frustration and job dissatisfaction which affect performance and its sustenance. Health managers quest to resolve issues of performance sustenance, have resulted in difficulties in their attempt to motivate health professionals to be highly functional and effective to sustain performance. In a lower-middle income country like Ghana, there has not been a lot of success in this regard considering the enormity of psychological challenges and the seemingly disturbing work environment health professionals engage their services in. These continue to affect performance fundamentally because they keep experiencing negative development psychologically. Additionally, it has been documented severally in the extant literature how these negative psychological developments affect the performance of healthcare professionals which unreservedly requires a new dimension in the way work environment is managed. A gap our study intends to address through the incorporation of positive psychological capital which we seek to use in moderating the work related attitudes that has the capacity to address the negativity that has engulfed work environment among healthcare professionals.
- Published
- 2019
178. A Response to the CPA Position Paper on Training in Cultural Psychiatry in February 2021
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Emmanuel Persad and L. Kola Oyewumi
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Psychotherapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Race (biology) ,Psychotherapist ,Ethnopsychology ,Cultural Psychiatry ,Stigma (botany) ,Position paper ,Humans ,Psychology ,Training (civil) - Published
- 2021
179. Data from Paper ‘Terror Management in a Multicultural Society: Effects of Mortality Salience on Attitudes to Multiculturalism Are Moderated by National Identification and Self-Esteem Among Native Dutch People’
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Mandy Tjew-A-Sin and Sander Leon Koole
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Mortality Salience ,Self-Esteem ,National Identification ,thnocentrism ,Multicultural Society ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The dataset includes data from the two studies reported in our '‘Terror Management in a Multicultural Society’' paper. The data was collected at the psychology lab at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2013/2014 among Dutch-speaking student samples. The dataset consists of the measures described in the paper. The data can be used for replication purposes, meta-analyses, and exploratory analyses, as well as cross-cultural comparisons of mortality salience effects. The authors also welcome collaborative research based on re-analyses of the data.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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180. Factors Associated with the Equivalence of the Scores of Computer-Based Test and Paper-and-Pencil Test: Presentation Type, Item Difficulty and Administration Order
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Hsiang-Chun Chen, Tzu-Hua Wang, and Chien-Hui Kao
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Pencil test ,Renewable energy sources ,Presentation ,Achievement test ,GE1-350 ,item difficulty ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,multiple-choice test ,media_common ,Multiple choice ,administration order ,Data collection ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Perspective (graphical) ,Test (assessment) ,Environmental sciences ,paper-and-pencil test ,Psychology ,computer-based test ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Since schools cannot use face-to-face tests to evaluate students’ learning effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools implement computer-based tests (CBT) for this evaluation. From the perspective of Sustainable Development Goal 4, whether this type of test conversion affects students’ performance in answering questions is an issue worthy of attention. However, studies have not yielded consistent findings on the equivalence of the scores of examinees’ answering performance on computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-and-pencil tests (PPT) when taking the same multiple-choice tests. Some studies have revealed no significant differences, whereas others have exhibited significant differences between the two formats. This study adopted a counterbalanced experimental design to investigate the effects of test format, computerised presentation type, difficulty of item group, and administration order of item groups of different difficulty levels on examinees’ answering performance. In this study, 381 primary school fifth graders in northern Taiwan completed an achievement test on the topic of Structure and Functions of Plants, which is part of the primary school Natural Science course. The achievement test included 16 multiple-choice items. After data collection and analysis, no significant differences in the answering performance of examinees were identified among the PPT, CBT with single-item presentation, and CBT with multiple-item presentation. However, after further analysis, the results indicated that the difficulty of item group and the administration order of item groups of different difficulty levels had significant influences on answering performance. The findings suggest that compared with a PPT, examinees exhibit better answering performance when taking multiple-choice tests in a CBT with multiple-item presentation.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Serious Games for seniors: Learning safe behaviors on the web : Position paper
- Author
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Jose Henrique Pereira Sao Mamede, Jose Manuel Emiliano Bidarra de Almeida, Iolanda Bernardino, and Ricardo Baptista
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World Wide Web ,Action (philosophy) ,Process (engineering) ,SAFER ,Information system ,Position paper ,Lack of knowledge ,Action research ,Psychology ,Theme (narrative) - Abstract
In a modern society, seniors want to be a part of the digital world and the research in progress seeks to present whether through Serious Games can help their learning process and understanding of cybersecurity when online browsing, namely, deciding which actions to make when facing an eminent threat. this position paper aims to presents a new research on how Serious Games can help seniors to become more aware in the cybersecurity theme and how to be more careful when search the web. In this research the methodology apply is the Action Research, by identifying the problem –lack of knowledge that seniors have on the online threats and promoting an action –the Serious Game played to teach and motivate the senior to become safer online.
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- 2021
182. Ethical issues in two parallel trials of personalised criteria for implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention: the PROFID project-a position paper
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Ayca Kocar, Alireza Seperhi Shamloo, Georg Lindinger, Georg Schmidt, Hanno Tan, Marieke A. R. Bak, Dick Willems, Gerhard Hindricks, Nikolaos Dagres, Ethics, Law & Medical humanities, General practice, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Personalized Medicine, Cardiology, APH - Methodology, and APH - Digital Health
- Subjects
Research design ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,Decision Making ,Myocardial Infarction ,Harmonization ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medical ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Superiority Trial ,Viewpoint ,Artificial Intelligence ,Health care ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Humans ,Medical physics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,outcome assessment ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ,research design ,ethics ,health care ,3. Good health ,Test (assessment) ,Defibrillators, Implantable ,Primary Prevention ,Death, Sudden, Cardiac ,Scale (social sciences) ,RC666-701 ,Position paper ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychology ,business ,heart arrest - Abstract
AimTo discuss ethical issues related to a complex study (PROFID) involving the development of a new, partly artificial intelligence-based, prediction model to enable personalised decision-making about the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in postmyocardial infarction patients, and a parallel non-inferiority and superiority trial to test decision-making informed by that model.MethodThe position expressed in this paper is based on an analysis of the PROFID trials using concepts from high-profile publications in the ethical literature.ResultsWe identify ethical issues related to the testing of the model in the treatment setting, and to both the superiority and the non-inferiority trial. We underline the need for ethical-empirical studies about these issues, also among patients, as a parallel to the actual trials. The number of ethics committees involved is an organisational, but also an ethical challenge.ConclusionThe PROFID trials, and probably other studies of similar scale and complexity, raise questions that deserve dedicated parallel ethics and social science research, but do not constitute a generic obstacle. A harmonisation procedure, comparable to the Voluntary Harmonization Procedure (VHP) for medication trials, could be needed for this type of trials.
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- 2021
183. Position paper: sports psychiatric care provision in competitive sports
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A Schorb, J Hefert, E Klostermeier, Erich Seifritz, F Helmig, Johannes Scherr, M Allroggen, Andres R. Schneeberger, J Niebauer, C Gonzalez Hofmann, Stefan Fröhlich, T Freyer, Malte Christian Claussen, University of Zurich, and Claussen, Malte Christian
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Physical Therapy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,610 Medicine & health ,Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Care provision ,2732 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Nursing ,10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics ,Position paper ,10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,3612 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Psychology ,human activities - Abstract
Mental stress and illness are common health problems in competitive sports that can reduce performance and have effects beyond the end of a career as sport-specific and unspecific disorders. The promotion of mental health and safe handling of mental problems and illnesses require appropriate education and train-ing. However, child, adolescent and adult psychiatrists with specific expertise in competitive sports (sports psychiatrists) are not yet an integral part of the structure of medical care provision in competitive sports. This position paper gives an overview about existing care structures in competitive sports for the promotion of mental health, and investigated them with proposals for the further development of sports psychiatric care in competitive sports. Sports physicians, sports psychiatrists, as well as interdisci-plinary and interprofessional collaboration, are at the center of mental health efforts in competitive sports. Further aspects that will be discussed are the education and training of athletes and the environment in competitive sports, as well as the promotion of coaches’ health. Key Words: Elite sports, Prevention, Mental health problems and disorders, Sports psychiatry, Sports Medicine
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- 2021
184. Normative Emotional Agents: A Viewpoint Paper
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Estefania Argente, Daniel Perez-Garcia, Elena del Val, and Vicente Botti
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Human-Computer Interaction ,Multiagent systems ,Intelligent agents ,Affective computing ,Normative ,Psychology ,LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS ,Social psychology ,Social agents ,Software - Abstract
[EN] Human social relationships imply conforming to the norms, behaviors and cultural values of the society, but also socialization of emotions, to learn how to interpret and show them. In multiagent systems, much progress has been made in the analysis and interpretation of both emotions and norms. Nonetheless, the relationship between emotions and norms has hardly been considered and most normative agents do not consider emotions, or vice-versa. In this article, we provide an overview of relevant aspects within the area of normative agents and emotional agents. First we focus on the concept of norm, the different types of norms, its life cycle and a review of multiagent normative systems. Secondly, we present the most relevant theories of emotions, the life cycle of an agent¿s emotions, and how emotions have been included through computational models in multiagent systems. Next, we present an analysis of proposals that integrate emotions and norms in multiagent systems. From this analysis, four relationships are detected between norms and emotions, which we analyze in detail and discuss how these relationships have been tackled in the reviewed proposals. Finally, we present a proposal for an abstract architecture of a Normative Emotional Agent that covers these four norm-emotion relationships., This work was supported by the Spanish Government project TIN2017-89156- R, the Generalitat Valenciana project PROMETEO/2018/002 and the Spanish Goverment PhD Grant PRE2018-084940.
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- 2022
185. The challenges of feedback in higher education. A brief discussion paper based on a review of selected literature
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Sandra Edith Meiras
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Higher education ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Face (sociological concept) ,Paper based ,Literacy ,General partnership ,Mass education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Key (cryptography) ,Mathematics education ,Psychology ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Feedback is integral to the process of education but is not a simple process and in mass education and global systems presents numerous additional challenges. This paper, which is intended as an informative awareness-raising paper, provides a review of recent literature on the challenges that educators and students face when feedback is given and received. It conceptualizes feedback as a process that requires multiple inputs and should support the partnership between educators and students through dialogue and engagement. Feedback literacy that incorporates the role of emotion is seen as a key aspect of professional and student development to motivate and engage students.
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- 2021
186. The most 100 cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. A bibliometric cross-sectional analysis
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Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent, Juan Carlos Valderrama Zurián, Lourdes Castelló Cogollos, Francisco J. Bueno Cañigral, Generalitat Valenciana, and Ayuntamiento de Valencia
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Marijuana Abuse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biomedical Research ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scientific literature ,Bibliometrics ,Toxicology ,Heroin ,Cocaine-Related Disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Social network analysis ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,biology ,Heroin Dependence ,Addiction ,Subject (documents) ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,United Kingdom ,United States ,Cited papers ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Substance related disorders ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Cannabis ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The number of citations a peer-reviewed article receives is often used as a measure of its importance and scientific impact. This paper identifies, describes and categorizes the highly cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. Highly cited papers were identified in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Several bibliometric indicators were calculated. Social network analysis was applied to draw groups of authors and institutions with the greatest number of collaborations and co-words. The number of citations for the top 100 cited articles ranged from 649 to 4,672. The articles were published in 40 journals. The subject category Substance Abuse included 10 papers. The United States was the most productive country (79 papers), followed by the United Kingdom (9). The main funding institutions were the National Institutes of Health in the United States. The network of collaboration between authors distributes the 352 researchers into 53 groups. The three most cited works address the neural basis of drug craving as an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction, the clinical and research uses of the Addiction Severity Index, and the neurocircuitry of addiction. Scientific literature on addictions is widely dispersed both in multidisciplinary and specific journals of neurology, psychiatry and addictions, with relatively few publications providing most of the citations. An ongoing challenge for this field is the concentration of highly cited papers coming from a select number of countries, with the United States being the research hub of the world, with the highest volume of publications and total citations., This work have been funding by Servicio de Drogodependencias (PMD/UPCCA-València). Concejalía de Sanidad y Consumo. Ajuntament de València.
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- 2021
187. Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 1: An introduction to research on harms
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Tianjing Li, Riaz Qureshi, and Evan Mayo-Wilson
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Research Report ,Epidemiology ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Research Personnel ,Terminology ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,Identification (information) ,Systematic review ,Harm ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Meta-analysis ,Humans ,Psychology ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Objective : Most systematic reviews of interventions focus on potential benefits. Common methods and assumptions that are appropriate for assessing benefits can be inappropriate for harms. This paper provides a primer on researching harms, particularly in systematic reviews. Study Design and Setting : Commentary describing challenges with assessing harm. Results : Investigators should be familiar with various terminologies used to describe, classify, and group harms. Published reports of clinical trials include limited information about harms, so systematic reviewers should not depend on these studies and journal articles to reach conclusions about harms. Visualizations might improve communication of multiple dimensions of harms such as severity, relatedness, and timing. Conclusion : The terminology, classification, detection, collection, and reporting of harms create unique challenges that take time, expertise, and resources to navigate in both primary studies and evidence syntheses. Systematic reviewers might reach incorrect conclusions if they focus on evidence about harms found in published reports of randomized trials of a particular health problem. Systematic reviews could be improved through better identification and reporting of harms in primary studies and through better training and uptake of appropriate methods for synthesizing evidence about harms.
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- 2022
188. WAIMH position paper: Infants’ rights in wartime
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Miri Keren, Ghasson Abdallah, and Sam Tyano
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Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Human Rights ,Developmental Disabilities ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Developmental psychology ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Child Development ,Adverse Childhood Experiences ,Pregnancy ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Physician's Role ,Exposure to Violence ,War Exposure ,Infant mental health ,Humanitarian aid ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Infant Welfare ,Infant ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Armed Conflicts ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental Health ,Rape ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Position paper ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The World Association for Infant Mental Health (WAIMH) decided to compose a position paper on infants' rights in wartime, as there is still a general lack of attention paid to the impact of war-related traumas on infants' development and psychological health. Though there are numerous areas of violent conflicts around the globe, there have been few published studies that relate specifically to infants. Consequently, humanitarian aid programs tend to overlook infants' psychological needs and to pay more attention to those of older children. This position paper first reviews the studies identified through a literature search, about the impact of war-related traumas during pregnancy and postnatal periods, then describes the existing recommendations that have been added to the Children Rights Convention and their implications for infant mental health clinicians.
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- 2019
189. COMPARISON BETWEEN PAPER-BASED AND WEB- BASED TEST IN THE CLINICAL SKILLS LABORATORY OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
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Doni Widyandana
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Working hours ,web-based learning, time efficiency, undergraduate, clinical reasoning ,Medical education ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Clinical reasoning ,lcsh:Medicine ,Sample (statistics) ,Paper based ,Test (assessment) ,Web application ,Duration (project management) ,Psychology ,business ,lcsh:L ,Clinical skills ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Background : E-Learning or web-based technology can be used to train undergraduate medical students’ clinical reasoning skills. Currently, many learning methods are being developed using web-based environment to replace paper-based because they are more efficient in terms of paper usage and are flexible for a student in accessing materials. This study aims to explore student’s working durationaccess time and scores upon the usage of webbased test, to compare students’ scores to paper-based test scores, to explore the advantages anddisadvantages, and suggestions to improve the web-based learning method. Method : This study randomly enlisted 60 medical students of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and divided them into web-based (n = 30) and paper- based test (n = 30) groups. Students answered 15 disaster management questions and completed a questionnaire. The scores and times needed to answer the questions were compared using the Mann-Whitney and Independent Sample tests. Results : The duration to answer in the web-based group was shorter than in paper- based group (p = 0.001), but the average scores difference was not significant (p = 0.169). In the web-based group, similar numbers of students accessed the website during and after working hours. Survey questionnaire results showed that most students realized the advantages of this program and gave appropriate suggestions. Conclusion : Practicing clinical reasoning skills using web-based learning method is more time-efficient compared to the paper-based test. Its high-accessibility improves the learning interest and motivation of the student, with an equal outcome to the paper-based test.
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- 2019
190. A systematic review of research on reading in English on screen and on paper
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Ferit Kiliçkaya and Kenan Çetin
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Linguistics and Language ,Higher education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Teaching method ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,050801 communication & media studies ,Language and Linguistics ,0508 media and communications ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,reading ,Reading (process) ,Mathematics education ,media_common ,business.industry ,paper ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,on screen ,lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,Trend analysis ,Reading comprehension ,traditional ,Electronic publishing ,Psychology ,business ,0503 education ,Mobile device - Abstract
The introduction and wide use of devices, especially mobile ones, has changed the way learners read and do research for a variety of reasons, and this trend has attracted a number of studies conducted regarding reading on screen and on paper in addition to those dealing with the students’ behavior in using online resources to print ones. This paper aims at identifying the major findings and trends in reading research by describing the current state of knowledge and practice in the studies comparing reading on screen and on paper and to provide guidance for practitioners by analyzing and summarizing the existing research. The current review adopted a systematic review as the research methodology as well as the article selection and screening process. The articles published between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed, and 37 articles were included in the analysis. The review revealed that the research on onscreen and paper-based reading focused on comparing the learners’ performances in reading activities in both contexts and sharing preliminary findings and students’ views. However, the findings are inconclusive as mixed findings were produced as to the effects of reading on screen and on paper. Moreover, the review also indicates that practitioners are also interested in examining the factors and affordances in reading on screen. As a result, there is still further research needed to establish the factors affecting reading and comprehension while reading on screen and on paper.
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- 2019
191. Comparison of pharmacy students’ perceptions and attitudes toward spirometry first-hand experience versus paper-based active learning
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Osama A. Shoair, Rachel A. Sharpton, and Frank S. Yu
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Adult ,Male ,Spirometry ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Pharmacy ,Pharmacy curriculum ,Perception ,medicine ,Humans ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,media_common ,Medical education ,Community pharmacies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Teaching ,Paper based ,Test (assessment) ,Students, Pharmacy ,Education, Pharmacy ,Active learning ,Female ,Curriculum ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
Background and purpose Spirometry is often technically challenging for patients. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of spirometry in the community pharmacy setting. This study compared pharmacy students' perceptions and attitudes toward performing spirometry, as well as implementing spirometry in clinics and community pharmacies through experiencing spirometry first-hand versus completing paper-based active learning exercises. Educational activity and setting First-year (N = 102) and second-year (N = 70) pharmacy students were provided with the same pre-class materials to learn about the spirometry process. During class, first-year (P1) students performed spirometry tests, while second-year (P2) students completed paper-based active learning exercises about spirometry without performing the test. A survey was provided to each group at the end of the class to: (1) compare students’ perception of the difficulty of performing spirometry, and (2) identify patient, clinic, and pharmacy barriers to implementing spirometry testing. Findings P1 students perceived performing spirometry as significantly more difficult compared to P2 students. Both P1 and P2 students perceived correct posture and breathing technique, and patient discomfort as the most difficult parts of performing spirometry. Significantly more P1 students (91.1%) perceived spirometry as a “helpful and noninvasive tool to screen for pulmonary diseases” than P2 students (54.1%). Summary Students who experienced spirometry perceived it to be more difficult than those who completed paper-based active learning exercises. Incorporating spirometry into a pharmacy curriculum could be an opportunity to increase students’ insight of the difficulty of performing spirometry and their appreciation for the clinical services pharmacists can provide.
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- 2019
192. Potential Impact of a Paper About COVID-19 and Smoking on Twitter Users’ Attitudes Toward Smoking: Observational Study
- Author
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Destiny Diaz, Long Chen, Chunliang Tao, Dongmei Li, Zidian Xie, and Richard J O'Connor
- Subjects
cross-sectional ,020205 medical informatics ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,social media ,Population ,Twitter ,MEDLINE ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,perception ,infodemiology ,smoking ,dissemination ,Infodemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,infoveillance ,0302 clinical medicine ,infodemic ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Social media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,observational ,education ,Multinomial logistic regression ,education.field_of_study ,Original Paper ,research ,COVID-19 ,Computer Science Applications ,Infoveillance ,attitude ,impact ,Medicine ,Observational study ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Background A cross-sectional study (Miyara et al, 2020) conducted by French researchers showed that the rate of current daily smoking was significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 than in the French general population, implying a potentially protective effect of smoking. Objective We aimed to examine the dissemination of the Miyara et al study among Twitter users and whether a shift in their attitudes toward smoking occurred after its publication as preprint on April 21, 2020. Methods Twitter posts were crawled between April 14 and May 4, 2020, by the Tweepy stream application programming interface, using a COVID-19–related keyword query. After filtering, the final 1929 tweets were classified into three groups: (1) tweets that were not related to the Miyara et al study before it was published, (2) tweets that were not related to Miyara et al study after it was published, and (3) tweets that were related to Miyara et al study after it was published. The attitudes toward smoking, as expressed in the tweets, were compared among the above three groups using multinomial logistic regression models in the statistical analysis software R (The R Foundation). Results Temporal analysis showed a peak in the number of tweets discussing the results from the Miyara et al study right after its publication. Multinomial logistic regression models on sentiment scores showed that the proportion of negative attitudes toward smoking in tweets related to the Miyara et al study after it was published (17.07%) was significantly lower than the proportion in tweets that were not related to the Miyara et al study, either before (44/126, 34.9%; P Conclusions The public’s attitude toward smoking shifted in a positive direction after the Miyara et al study found a lower incidence of COVID-19 cases among daily smokers.
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- 2021
193. Narrative comprehension and engagement with e-books vs. paper-books in autism spectrum condition
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Melissa L. Allen, Bethany R Wainwright, and Kate Cain
- Subjects
education ,autism ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Spectrum (topology) ,Developmental psychology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,e-books ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Association (psychology) ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,SoE Language Literacies and Education Network ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,SoE Centre for Psychological Approaches for Studying Education ,medicine.disease ,Narrative comprehension ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,narrative comprehension ,Autism ,Psychology ,engagement - Abstract
Background and aims Children with autism spectrum condition often have specific difficulties with narrative comprehension, a skill which has a strong association with both concurrent and longitudinal reading comprehension. A better understanding of narrative comprehension skills in autism spectrum condition has the potential to provide insight into potential later reading comprehension difficulties and inform early targeted intervention. In the current study, the main objective was to investigate how differences in the medium of story presentation (paper-book vs. e-book) and differences in story narration (adult narration vs. in-app narration) would influence narrative comprehension in general, and between groups (autism spectrum condition and a receptive language-matched control group). We were also interested in how task engagement (visual attention and communication) differed between group and conditions and whether task engagement was related to narrative comprehension. Method Forty-two children with autism spectrum condition and 42 typically developing children were read a story either via a paper-book or an e-book with interactive and multimedia features. The e-book was either narrated by the experimenter (adult narrated iPad condition) or narrated by an in-app voiceover (e-book narrated iPad condition). Children’s behaviour during storybook reading was video recorded and coded for engagement (visual attention and communication). They then completed two measures of narrative comprehension: multiple-choice questions (measuring recall of literal information) and a picture ordering task (measuring global story structure). Results Contrary to predictions, we did not find any significant group or condition differences on either measure of narrative comprehension, and both groups demonstrated a similar level of narrative comprehension across the three conditions. We found differences in engagement between conditions for both groups, with greater visual attention in the e-book conditions compared to the paper-book condition. However, visual attention only significantly correlated with narrative comprehension for the typically developing group. Conclusion Overall, this study suggests that children with autism spectrum condition are just as able as language-matched peers to comprehend a narrative from storybooks. Presenting a story on an iPad e-book compared to a paper-book does not influence narrative comprehension, nor does adult narration of the story compared to in-app narration. However, on-task engagement is linked to narrative comprehension in typically developing children. Implications: Taken together, our findings suggest that e-books may be more successful than paper-based mediums at encouraging visual attention towards the story, but no better at supporting narrative comprehension and eliciting communication.
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- 2022
194. Being heard - Supporting person-centred communication in paediatric care using augmentative and alternative communication as universal design: A position paper
- Author
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Juan Bornman, Stefan Nilsson, Gunilla Thunberg, Ensa Johnson, and Joakim Öhlén
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Parents ,Adolescent ,Universal design ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Legislation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient-Centered Care ,Health care ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,General Nursing ,media_common ,Medical education ,030504 nursing ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Communication ,Universal Design ,Distress ,Augmentative and alternative communication ,General partnership ,Position paper ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
Person-centred care, with its central focus on the patient in partnership with healthcare practitioners, is considered to be the contemporary gold standard of care. This type of care implies effective communication from and by both the patient and the healthcare practitioner. This is often problematic in the case of the paediatric population, because of the many communicative challenges that may arise due to the child's developmental level, illness and distress, linguistic competency and disabilities. The principle of universal design put forth in conventions and legislation means that the design of products and services should be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible. Augmentative and alternative communication encompasses strategies, for example pictures and apps, that are typically used with people with communication disability. In this position paper, we argue for the universal use of augmentative and alternative communication to support person-centred communication and care for children, regardless of age or potential disability. Clinical examples are shared from three different paediatric care settings where pictorial supports were applied universally. Interviews were conducted with children and adolescents (with and without disabilities), parents and healthcare practitioners, and the principles of universal design were used as a framework to demonstrate how person-centred communication is supported in paediatric care.
- Published
- 2021
195. Documentation for paper 'Ecological Momentary Assessment and Applied Relaxation: Results of a Randomized Indicated Preventive Trial in Individuals at Increased Risk for Mental Disorders'
- Author
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Beesdo-Baum, Katja
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,Psychology - Abstract
Documentation for paper "Ecological Momentary Assessment and Applied Relaxation: Results of a Randomized Indicated Preventive Trial in Individuals at Increased Risk for Mental Disorders", including study protocol, raw data, and analytic code
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. Understanding Human Goal Setting as a Means for Supporting Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering
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Bøegh, Jørgen, Yueming, Lu, editor, Xu, Wu, editor, and Xi, Zhang, editor
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- 2015
- Full Text
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197. One Size Doesn’t Fit All – Effectiveness and Subjective Evaluations of Adaptable Information Literacy Instruction
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Mayer, Anne-Kathrin, Peter, Johannes, Leichner, Nikolas, Krampen, Günter, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Chen, Phoebe, Editorial Board Member, Du, Xiaoyong, Editorial Board Member, Kara, Orhun, Editorial Board Member, Liu, Ting, Editorial Board Member, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Editorial Board Member, Washio, Takashi, Editorial Board Member, Kurbanoglu, Serap, editor, Boustany, Joumana, editor, Špiranec, Sonja, editor, Grassian, Esther, editor, Mizrachi, Diane, editor, and Roy, Loriene, editor
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Fostering Information Literacy in German Psychology Students: Objective and Subjective Evaluation of a Blended Learning Course
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Leichner, Nikolas, Peter, Johannes, Mayer, Anne-Kathrin, Krampen, Günter, Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Liu, Ting, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Zvacek, Susan, editor, Restivo, Maria Teresa, editor, Uhomoibhi, James, editor, and Helfert, Markus, editor
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- 2015
- Full Text
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199. Identifying 'hot papers' and papers with 'delayed recognition' in large-scale datasets by using dynamically normalized citation impact scores
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Lutz Bornmann, Fred Y. Ye, and Adam Yongxin Ye
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Field-normalized impact scores ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,Hot paper ,Library and Information Sciences ,Scientometrics ,050905 science studies ,Citation impact ,Article ,Computer Science Applications ,Delayed recognition ,Paper with delayed recognition ,Family medicine ,medicine ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences ,Citation ,Psychology - Abstract
“Hot papers” (HPs) are papers which received a boost of citations shortly after publication. Papers with “delayed recognition” (DRs) received scarcely impact over a long time period, before a considerable citation boost started. DRs have attracted a lot of attention in scientometrics and beyond. Based on a comprehensive dataset with more than 5,000,000 papers published between 1980 and 1990, we identified HPs and DRs. In contrast to many other studies on DRs, which are based on raw citation counts, we calculated dynamically field-normalized impact scores for the search of HPs and DRs. This study is intended to investigate the differences between HPs (n = 323) and DRs (n = 315). The investigation of the journals which have published HPs and DRs revealed that some journals (e.g. Physical Review Letters and PNAS) were able to publish significantly more HPs than other journals. This pattern did not appear in DRs. Many HPs and DRs have been published by authors from the USA; however, in contrast to other countries, authors from the USA have published statistically significantly more HPs than DRs. Whereas “Biochemistry & Molecular Biology,” “Immunology,” and “Cell Biology” have published significantly more HPs than DRs, the opposite result arrived for “Surgery” and “Orthopedics.” The results of the analysis of certain properties of HPs and DRs (e.g. number of pages) suggest that the emergence of DRs is an unpredictable process.
- Published
- 2018
200. Identifying the Factors Affecting Papers’ Citability in the Field of Medicine: an Evidence-based Approach Using 200 Highly and Lowly-cited Papers
- Author
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Mousa Yaminfirooz and Farzaneh Raeesi Ardali
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Evidence-based practice ,business.industry ,Scopus ,Library science ,Subject (documents) ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Field (computer science) ,Checklist ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Citability papers ,Quartile ,Publishing ,Medicine Evidence-based study ,business ,Citation ,Psychology ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, publishing highly-cited papers is important for researchers and editors. In this evidence-based study, the factors influencing the citability of published papers in the field of medicine have been identified. Material and Methods: 200 papers indexed in Scopus (in two groups: highly-cited and lowly-cited) with 100 papers in each were studied. Needed data were manually collected with a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was done in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Variables such as journal IF, journal rank, journal subject quartile, the first/corresponding author’s h-index, the number of documents produced by the first/corresponding author, SJR and SNIP had significantly positive correlation with paper citability (p< .05). Other variables, including among others, paper age, paper type, the number of references, the number of authors, indexing institute and journal kind had not any relationship with paper citability (p> .05). Conclusion: the factors affecting the citability are among indicators relating to authors, publishing journals and published papers. Determining the extent to which these factors influence the citability of a paper needs further large-scaled research. Authors and editors searching for high-citedness should consider these factors when authoring and publishing papers.
- Published
- 2018
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