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13 results on '"Anna Pazdur"'

1. THE USE OF TiO2 TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE FOR AIR PURIFICATION IN THE CITY

Author

Meryem Alagöz and Anna Pazdur-Czarnowska

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

This paper explores the possibilities of the use of architectural design in benefiting the human condition in polluted cities and shows the role of art in shifting people's ideas about its influence on an urban wellbeing. The authors depict the possible usage of titanium dioxide (TiO2) technology as a component of building materials and its impact on clearing the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides. This research is focused on shaping the architectural form to promote light-active building materials for ecological thinking. The results of the academic research programme undertaken at WPUT (West Pomeranian University of Technology) in Szczecin, in cooperation with the Necmettin Erbakan University in Konya, are presented here.

Published
2022

4. Holocene environmental changes in northern Poland recorded in alkaline spring-fed fen deposits – A multi-proxy approach

Author

Danuta Urban, Natalia Piotrowska, Radosław Dobrowolski, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Małgorzata Mazurek, Danuta Drzymulska, Zbigniew Osadowski, Anna Pazdur, and Witold Paweł Alexandrowicz

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanic climate, Macrofossil, Climate change, Geology, Context (language use), Ecological succession, 01 natural sciences, Paleoclimatology, Physical geography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Groundwater, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Spring-fed fen deposits (peat-tufa sequences) from northern Poland were investigated for Holocene environmental reconstruction (climate and hydrology) using multi-proxy analysis (lithofacies, molluscs, pollen, plant macrofossils, geochemistry, and stable oxygen- and carbon-isotopes). The main aims of these studies were: (1) comparison of several similar sites with the same type of groundwater supply and sedimentation on a widespread space scale, (2) detailed reconstruction of their long-term development, assessing their sensitivity to climate change, (3) verification of the synchronicity of the record of different proxies in distant sites in the context of Holocene climate changes in relation to specific well-known global and/or regional climate events (so-called Bond events), and (4) discussion on permafrost degradation as a driver of spring-fed fens development. Based on our palaeogeographical data, we have distinguished an asynchronicity of the beginning of the development of spring-fed fens in the eastern and western parts of the studied region that is associated with different times of ascending groundwater supply unblocking after complete permafrost degradation. Therein, asynchronicity of permafrost degradation was brought about by multiple climatic, geological and structural conditions. Our results also indicate significant differences in the trends of succession (ecological and lithological) caused by the geographical location of the studied sites. Asynchronicity of the occurrence of wet and dry phases, as well as significant differences in their duration were noted. This depended upon the influence of oceanic (western part) or continental climates (eastern part). Warm and humid oceanic climate promoted the domination and longer duration of wet phases (especially in the Eo- and early Mesoholocene), while the harsh continental climate promoted the more frequent occurrence of dry phases, with short episodes of increased humidity. From the middle Mesoholocene, this marked regional diversification becomes less pronounced. Results also allowed for the recognition of several palaeoclimatic events on a regional scale. Four main cold episodes (Bond events 8–5): during LG/H transition (11.5 ky cal BP), Eo- (∼10.25 ky cal BP, ∼9.4 ky cal BP) and at the beginning of the Mesoholocene (∼8.2 ky cal BP) are well-documented by multiple proxies at all study sites. Other cold episodes (Bond events 4–0) are slightly less documented and are not clear for interpretation. The results of our study demonstrate the importance of spring-fed fen deposits for detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on a regional scale.

Published
2019

5. Human Activity Recorded in Carbon Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 in Gliwice Urban Area and Surroundings (Southern Poland) in the Years 2011–2013

Author

Natalia Piotrowska, Barbara Sensuła, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Konrad Tudyka, Andrzej Z. Rakowski, and Anna Pazdur

Subjects
Archeology, Isotope, chemistry.chemical_element, Vegetation, Woodland, Combustion, Atmospheric sciences, law.invention, Suess effect, chemistry, Isotopes of carbon, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Radiocarbon dating, Carbon
Abstract

In this paper, a record of the 14C and 13C isotope content of atmospheric CO2 for Gliwice is presented for samples collected on a weekly basis in the years 2011–2013. In addition, measurements were performed on the early and late wood from the annual rings of pine trees from five sites located 3–6 km from the atmospheric CO2 sampling point. The concentration of 14C in CO2 samples from the air was much lower relative to the concentration of this isotope in “clean air,” indicating a pronounce Suess effect, with a mean Δ14C lower by ca. 60‰ than Jungfraujoch data when the 15% of the highest differences are excluded, which leads to the FFCO2 estimate of 5.8%. In winter, the main source of fossil CO2 was fuel combustion, as confirmed by significant correlations with air pollutants. In the vegetation seasons, the Δ14C was highly variable due to biogenic influence and more variable winds. The isotopic results were also affected by an additional significant CO2 source for the Gliwice air, which was a closed mine shaft. The Δ14C and δ13C in tree rings did not record a strong Suess effect in the years 2008–2013 in woodland areas around Gliwice city.

Published
2019

6. Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

Author

Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, V. R. Switsur, Adomas Vitas, Christina E. Reynolds-Henne, Michel Stievenard, Marek Krąpiec, Luigi Todaro, Neil J. Loader, Eloni Sonninen, Gerhard H. Schleser, Martin Weigl, Monique Pierre, Katja Rinne-Garmston, David Frank, Matthias Saurer, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Malgorzata Szymaszek, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Gerhard Helle, Markus Leuenberger, M. Filot, Hamid Marah, Emmi Hilasvuori, John S. Waterhouse, Kerstin Treydte, Anna Pazdur, Antonio Saracino, Jordi Voltas, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Rupert Wimmer, Valérie Daux, Zdzisław Bednarz, Högne Jungner, Octavi Planells, Maarit Kalela‐Brundin, Rūtilė Pukienė, Angelo Rita, Frank Berninger, Emilia Gutiérrez, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Shestakova, Ta, Voltas, J, Saurer, M, Berninger, F, Esper, J, Andreu-Hayles, L, Daux, V, Helle, G, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, Masson-Delmotte, V, Saracino, Antonio, Waterhouse, J, Schleser, Gh, Bednarz, Z, Boettger, T, Dorado-Liñán, I, Filot, M, Frank, D, Grabner, M, Haupt, M, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, Kalela-Brundin, M, Krąpiec, M, Marah, H, Pawełczyk, S, Pazdur, A, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukienė, R, Reynolds-Henne, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Rita, Angelo, Sonninen, E, Stiévenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szychowska-Krąpiec, E, Szczepanek, M, Todaro, L, Treydte, K, Vitas, A, Weigl, M, Wimmer, R, Gutiérrez, E, Hickler, T., Rinne‐Garmston , Katja T., The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Tree‐Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, University of Naples Federico II, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften [Jülich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‒ UFZ, Halle, Germany, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), School of Geography and Development and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Laboratory of Chronology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Forestry Museum, Lycksele, Sweden, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Laboratoire d'hydrologie isotopique, CNESTEN, Maroc., Chercheur indépendant, Silesian University of Technology, Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Basilicata, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Environmental Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania, Holzforschung Austria, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, IFA-Tulln, University of Barcelona, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [University of Arizona] (LTRR), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Fractionation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Dendroecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Evapotranspiration, ddc:550, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Tree rings, Carbon isotopes, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tree (data structure), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, carbon isotopes, climate change, dendroecology, drought stress, European forests, latitudinal gradients, Pinus, Quercus, stomatal control, tree rings, European forests
Abstract

Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree‐ring cellulose (Δ13Ci). Results We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Δ13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60° N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought‐prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental). Main conclusions At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming‐induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture‐sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades. Spanish Government, Grant/Award Number: AGL2015‐68274 ‐C3 ‐3‐R; Sixth Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: EVK2‐2001 ‐00237; Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: COST ‐STSM ‐ECOST ‐STSM ‐FP1304‐140915‐066395 and ERANET‐Mundus program (Grant agreement 20112573)

Published
2019

7. THE USE OF TiO2 TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE FOR AIR PURIFICATION IN THE CITY.

Author

Meryem, Alagöz and Anna, Pazdur-Czarnowska

Subjects
ARCHITECTURAL design, AIR purification, TITANIUM dioxide, CONSTRUCTION materials, NITROGEN dioxide
Abstract

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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8. Variations of tree ring width and chemical composition of wood of pine growing in the area nearby chemical factories

Author

Laurence Monin, Sławomir Wilczyński, Anna Pazdur, Mohammed Allan, Barbara Sensuła, and Nathalie Fagel

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, La icp ms, Environmental chemistry, Botany, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Trace element, Dendrochronology, Environmental science, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This study reports the variation of tree-ring widths and annual variation of concentration of metals (Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in pine growing nearby chemical factories. The conifers (Pinus silvestris L.) investigated in this study covered the time span from 1920s to 2010 AD. Tree-ring widths were measured, dated and rechecked using the COFECHA. Radial trace-element profiles were determined by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The combined usage of tree ring width and chemical composition of wood provides historic records of anthropogenic impact on the environment and allows identifying the behavior adaptation of trees to the pollution. Data of pine tree cores collected from the sites nearby chemical factories show increasing levels of pollution linked to the increasing of industrial activities in Poland and subsequent dust fallout around the site. This study evidences that tree rings can be used as archives of past environmental contamination.

Published
2017

10. Record of Anthropocene pollution sources of lead in disturbed peatlands from Southern Poland

Author

Nathalie Fagel, Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, B. Palowski, Anna Pazdur, François De Vleeschouwer, Nadine Mattielli, Beata Smieja-Król, Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Liège, and Silesian University of Technology

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ombrotrophic, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Isotopic signature, Galena, Anthropocene, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Bog, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Period (geology), Environmental science
Abstract

The importance of human impacts on Earth has led to the proposal of a new geologic epoch called the Anthropocene. However markers, recognizable in all records, are required to define this period. Here we combine elemental geochemistry with stable lead (Pb) isotopes and mineralogical analyses to decipher the sources of lead in two exploited ombrotrophic peat bogs (Puścizna Mala and Puścizna Krauszowska) from Southern Poland. The most disturbed parts of the cores, distinguished using bulk density and age–depth models (22–45 cm in PM and 22–46 cm in PK), were excluded from the interpretation. The two studied cores record ca. 2000 years of variations in lead accumulation rates and isotopic compositions. In the lowest part of the cores (2nd to 4th century AD for Puścizna Mala and 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD for Puścizna Krauszowska), the 206Pb/207Pb ratios (1.188) are consistent with natural supplies from the erosion of the nearby Tatra Mountains. From the 9th to the 19th century AD, 206Pb/207Pb ratios (1.176–1.179) are similar to the signatures obtained from Polish galena ores. The highest Pb accumulation rates are found around 1950 AD and reflect the primary influence of bituminous coal combustion together with the secondary influence of leaded gasoline. This result agrees with the occurrence and abundance of spheroidal aluminosilicates, an unambiguous marker of human industrial activity and coal burning as well as with the acceleration of Zn, Cd and Fe accumulation rate. Our results provide evidence that similar geochemical patterns exist in both analysed cores despite differences in the history of peatland exploitation. Therefore, given that extra care is taken to identify the disturbed peat layers, exploited peatlands can be used to record past changes in lead isotopic signature during the Anthropocene.

Published
2018

13. Water-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene

Author

M. Kalela-Brundin, Nicolas Viovy, Benjamin Poulter, Emilia Gutiérrez, Katja T. Rinne, H. Marah, Markus Leuenberger, Kerstin Treydte, Z. Bednarz, Mark R. Lomas, Emmi Hilasvuori, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Philippe Ciais, John S. Waterhouse, Gerhard H. Schleser, David Frank, Stephen Sitch, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Samuel Levis, Anna Pazdur, Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Gerhard Helle, Carmela Miriam D’Alessandro, Monique Pierre, Högne Jungner, V. R. Switsur, M. Filot, Matthias Saurer, Eloni Sonninen, Pierre Friedlingstein, Marek Krapiec, M. Szczepanek, C. E. Reynolds-Henne, Octavi Planells, Valérie Daux, Frank Berninger, Chris Huntingford, Luigi Todaro, Anders Ahlström, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, Neil J. Loader, Martin Weigl, Michel Stievenard, Antonio Saracino, R. Pukiene, Montana State University (MSU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: National Centre for Earth Observation (CTCD), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), University of Helsinki, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Polish Geological Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], CNESTEN, cnesten, inconnu, Inconnu, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Frank, D. C., Poulter, B., Saurer, M., Esper, J., C., Huntingford, Helle, G., Treydte, K. S., Zimmermann, N. E., G. H., Schleser, A., Ahlström, P., Ciai, P., Friedlingstein, S., Levi, M., Loma, S., Sitch, N., Viovy, Andreu Hayles, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Boettger, T., D’Alessandro, C. M., Daux, V., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, M., Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N. J., Marah, H., Masson Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds Henne, C. E., Rinne, K. T., Saracino, Antonio, Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V. R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J. S., and Weigl, M.

Subjects
hiilidioksidi, Stomatal conductance, hiili, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ta1171, vesi, Growing season, Climate change, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, tree-ring, chemistry.chemical_compound, hydrologinen kierto, dioxide, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, kasvit, ilmasto, Water cycle, Water-use efficiency, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, climate, CO2 fertilization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transpiration, Hydrology, ilmakehä, atmospheric CO2, elevated CO2, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Global warming, varastointi, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, gas-exchange, rising CO2, chemistry, 13. Climate action, stomatal conductance, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, aineiden kierto, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), carbon-isotope discrimination
Abstract

Considering the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and climate change drivers on plant physiology leads to a modest increase in simulated European forest transpiration in spite of the effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1,2,3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4,5,6 and consequences7,8 of the physiological responses9,10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ∼0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.

Published
2015

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