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The role of strain in material properties is well-established, serving as a tool for altering atomic positions and defect formation, adjusting electronic structures and lattice vibrations, and influencing phase transitions, physical characteristics, and chemical properties. In this study, we conducted theoretical calculations of the binding energy and photoionization cross section (PCS) within a spherical core/shell quantum dot (CSQD) for the different transitions between the ground state of a donor impurity and the four low-lying conduction band states. During our study, we employed the finite element method to determine the energy levels and wave functions of the system within the effective mass approximation. Subsequently, we investigated the changes in PCS and binding energy while varying shell width under the influence of an applied electric field, considering both cases with and without the effect of strain. The strain effect was incorporated based on Hooke's law, and we developed specific expressions and utilized the continuum linear elasticity mechanical model for a single spherically symmetric shell. The results demonstrate that the strain correction enhances the binding energy of the four low-lying energy levels, leading to a shift of the PCS peaks toward higher energies. Conversely, the application of an external electric field has varying effects depending on the specific transition being considered. We compared our theoretical results with available experimental data and found them to be in good agreement. The pronounced blue-shift and substantial enhancement in magnitude of PCS spectra concerning shell width, electric field, and strain make CSQDs highly promising candidates for applications in adjustable nano-optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed convection is commonly used in electronic cooling processes and nuclear reactor technology. As a result, this study aims to demonstrate the mathematical formulation of fluid flow, heat and mass transfer under the controlling physical parameters such as mixed convection, buoyancy ratio, suction, magnetic field, and rotation angle of the sheet. The variation in the wall shrinking velocity, temperature and concentration is expressed as an exponential function. Since controlling equations are partial differential equations, similarity transformations convert these partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Finally, these ordinary differential equations are considered as a non-linear and non-dimensional boundary value problem. The final solution of these ordinary differential equations is obtained numerically by applying the Matlab bvp4c programme. Stability analysis which determines the most stable numerical solution between duel solutions is also made using the Matlab bvp4c programme. Comparing the obtained computational results to previously published data shows a good agreement. All numerical results are graphically illustrated and explained, including the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit a variety of impairments in nonmotor symptoms including emotional processing and cognitive control that have implications for speech production. The present study sought to investigate whether impairments in cognitive processing in individuals with PD impact emotional sentence production as indicated by changes in speech rate. Thirty-six individuals (20 individuals with PD, 16 healthy controls) completed subtests 8A and 8B of the Florida Emotional Expressive Battery (FEEB) to elicit speech samples in five different emotional tones (happy, sad, angry, fear, and neutral). Sentences contained either semantically emotional or neutral information, resulting in conditions of congruency (same semantics-tone) and incongruency (different semantics-tone). Speech rate was impacted by the emotional tone of all participants. Individuals with PD demonstrated faster speech rates under conditions of conflicting semantic information than healthy older adults. Changes in speech rate under emotional conditions were not influenced by global measures of cognition or depression. The results of this study indicate that individuals with PD struggle to manage irrelevant information present during emotional speech production. Speech rate is a simple, easy-to-measure metric that may reflect cognitive processing impairments in PD., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The Nurse Professional Development Model (NPD) has been utilized to improve quality of care for several conditions. Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are susceptible to higher risks while in the hospital. Educational efforts for this patient population are challenged by the small, disbursed number of patients as well as increased turn-over and reliance on temporary nursing staff. To properly care for this patient group, any education has to be hospital wide and ongoing for maintenance of competency. We have used the NPD Model to initiate education for new incoming nurses as well as for continued education for a program that requires hospital-wide reach. Our utilization of the NPD Model for this high risk, low volume patient population has helped us improve the safety of this patient population in the hospital. With this manuscript we detail the need and the educational platform with the hope of it serving as a reference for other institutions facing similar challenges., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Bobek, Pascarelli, Cocoziello and Azmi.)

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are often configured to address challenges and improve patient safety for persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP). For example, EHR systems can help identify Parkinson's disease (PD) patients across the hospital by flagging a patient's diagnosis in their chart, preventing errors in medication and dosing through the use of clinical decision support, and supplementing staff education through care plans that provide step-by-step road maps for disease-based care of a specific patient population. However, most EHR-based solutions are locally developed and, thus, difficult to scale widely or apply uniformly across hospital systems. In 2020, the Parkinson's Foundation, a national and international leader in PD research, education, and advocacy, and Epic, a leading EHR vendor with more than 35% market share in the United States, launched a partnership to reduce risks to hospitalized PWP using standardized EHR-based solutions. This article discusses that project which included leadership from physician informaticists, movement disorders specialists, hospital quality officers, the Parkinson's Foundation and members of the Parkinson's community. We describe the best practice solutions developed through this project. We highlight those that are currently available as standard defaults or options within the Epic EHR, discuss the successes and limitations of these solutions, and consider opportunities for scalability in environments beyond a single EHR vendor. The Parkinson's Foundation and Epic launched a partnership to develop best practice solutions in the Epic EHR system to improve safety for PWP in the hospital. The goal of the partnership was to create the EHR tools that will have the greatest impact on outcomes for hospitalized PWP., Competing Interests: AW is a volunteer member of the Epic Neuroscience Specialty Steering Board. BW serves as Section Head of Movement Disorders at the Cleveland Clinic. Over the years, he has received research grants from the NIH and Parkinson’s Foundation. He has served as site investigator and/or co-investigator for clinical research studies sponsored by grants from Industry to Cleveland Clinic. Currently, he is the site PI for Neuroderm (Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma), Discern (Great Lakes Neurotech/NIH R44), Tempo 2, and Tempo 3 studies (Cerevel Therapeutics) and a grant from the Parkinson’s Foundation to improve the inpatient care of People with PD. He has served as a consultant or speaker for Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Abbott. AB Director of Strategic Initiatives, Parkinson’s Foundation EB Associate Director of Strategic Initiatives, Parkinson’s Foundation. KA was supported by the Michael J Fox Edmund J. Safra Fellowship in Movement Disorders from July 2017–July 2019. She previously served as Investigator and/or medical monitor for clinical trials supported by Aptinyx Inc. Genentech Roche Ltd., EIP Pharma Inc., Michael J Fox foundation for PD research, NINDS, and Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Biogene. She previously served as Co-I of a Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence site. The work presented here was supported by a Parkinson Foundation Community Grant (awarded to IR). IR serves as Director of the University of Rochester Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence and her contributions to this article were supported by a Parkinson’s Foundation Community Grant, Parkinson’s Disease Hospital Optimization Project (PD-HOP) for which she served as PI. IR has received research and/or training grants from NIH, Parkinson’s Foundation and the Michael J. Fox Foundation. IR has served as a site investigator and/or co-investigator for clinical research studies sponsored by grants from Industry to the University of Rochester, currently including F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Acadia Pharm, and Jazz Pharmaceuticals. KM is an employee of Epic, a health IT software company which licenses electronic health record software and provides related services to health care organizations that pay Epic for such software and services. She and Epic have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest related to this article. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Wu, Walter, Brooks, Buetow, Amodeo, Richard, Mundth and Azmi.)

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at increased risk for hospital acquired complications. Deviations from home medication schedules and delays in administration are major contributing factors. We had previously developed a protocol to ensure adherence to home medication schedules using "custom" ordering. In this study we are assessing the impact this order type may have on reducing delays in PD medication administration in the hospital., Material and Methods: We reviewed 31,404 orders placed for PD medications from January 2, 2016 to April 30 2021. We evaluated the orders to determine if they were placed in a Custom format or using a default non-custom order entry. We further evaluated all orders to determine if there was a relationship with the order type and timely administration of medications. We compared medications that were administered within 1 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min of due times across custom orders vs. non-custom default orders. We also evaluated the relationship between ordering providers and type of orders placed as well as hospital unit and type of orders placed., Results: 14,204 (45.23%) orders were placed using a custom schedule and 17,200 (54.77%) orders were placed using non-custom defaults. The custom group showed a significantly lower median delay of 3.06 minutes compared to the non-custom group ( p <.001). Custom orders had a significantly more recent median date than non-custom default orders (2019-10-07 vs. 2018-01-06, p <0.001). In additional analyses, medication administration delays were significantly improved for custom orders compared to non-custom orders, with likelihoods 1.64 times higher within 1 minute, 1.40 times higher within 15 minutes, and 1.33 times higher within 30 minutes of the due time ( p <0.001 for all comparisons)., Conclusion: This is the largest study to date examining the effects of order entry type on timely administration of PD medications in the hospital. Orders placed using a custom schedule may help reduce delays in administration of PD medications., Competing Interests: JMP is employed and hold equity in Superior Medical Experts, Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Azmi, Cocoziello, Ruzicka, Clar, Pederson, Jacob, Thomas, Rocco, Bobek, Pereira-Argenziano, Roth and Thomas.)

Vitamin D deficiency is a hot topic as it affects about 50% of the world's population. Beyond its extra-osseous effects, notably on the cardiovascular system. In recent years many epidemiological studies have looked at the role of vitamin D status in modulating blood pressure. It appears that there is an inverse association between serum vitamin D levels and blood pressure. It is in this context that our prospective study on the Moroccan population allows having global knowledge of the association between vitamin D and arterial hypertension. This is a descriptive study of vitamin D status in Moroccan hypertensive patients in whom blood samples were taken for serum 25(OH)D determination. The data collected were anonymised and entered into SPSS software. X2 and ANOVA tests were used to investigate the existence of correlations between vitamin D status and age, age at menopause, body mass index, sex and hypertension.  1015 hypertensive patients were included in this study with a female predominance of 84.2%, mainly over 50 years old in 80.8%, of whom 31.5% were overweight or obese, 13.2% had a hypertensive parent and 70.8% had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D regulates at least 3% of the human genome with receptors throughout the body, including vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, where it acts by vasodilation and by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to lower blood pressure. There is a relationship between low serum vitamin D levels and high blood pressure. Our study concluded that there is an association between hypovitaminosis D and the pathology of hypertension. However, further randomised studies are needed and in the meantime, clinicians could propose it in the therapeutic arsenal of Moroccan hypertensive patients.

The major roles of vitamin D in the genesis of breast cancer and as an immunomodulator against acute and chronic infections have been the subject of much research in recent years. A low vitamin D status could decrease the function of blocking the cell multiplication cycle of the cancer process and weaken the immune system. In this context, we were interested in the implication of vitamin D status in women with human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced breast cancer. Our study included 63 women, 53 with breast cancer and 10 healthy women, and we measured the plasma 25(OH)D3 level and looked for the presence of HPV by PCR in our population. 90.6% had low serum 25(OH)D3 levels and HPV was found in 41% of cases. In this regard, the data in the literature are discordant. Vitamin D status could explain the concomitance of the two conditions, breast cancer and HPV; it would be desirable to broaden the sample in order to better define its impact.

This paper introduces a novel robust adaptive fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) observer design approach for a class of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainty, unknown system fault and time-varying internal delays. The conditions for the existence of the proposed FDD are obtained based on the well-known Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) technique. Using Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptation laws for updating the observer weights and unknown faults estimation are derived based on which the convergence of the state estimation error to zero and asymptotic stability of the error dynamics are proven. Toward this, a new structural algorithm for FDD observer design is also derived based on LMIs. The performance of the proposed method is also investigated while applying to some industrial systems. Simulation results illustrate superior performance of the proposed method for the systems subject to time-varying unknown delays on states, uncertainty in nonlinear system modeling and unknown system faults., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction There has been a recent increase in the number of spinal procedures that can be performed in ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). Studies have found that patients who undergo procedures at ASCs tend to have lower complication rates following procedures, including lower infection rates. Furthermore, ASCs offer significantly lower costs of procedures to patients and health insurance companies as compared to the costs of procedures performed in a hospital. Despite precautions and screening in place by ASCs, patients may be hesitant to undergo procedures outside of the hospital. Conversely, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created hesitancy for many to go to the hospital for care due to the presence of COVID patients.  Objective To assess patient preferences in the location of elective spine procedures between ASCs and hospitals, the authors conducted a survey of spine surgery candidates in a single practice. Methods A survey measuring patient age, vaccination status, fear of contracting COVID-19, and preference of surgery location was given to spinal surgery candidates at a single practice between fall 2021 and winter 2022. Statistical differences between the means of response groups were measured by a two-sample Z-score test. Results A total of 58 surveys were completed by patients. No difference in preference was observed by age. A difference was observed between genders, with 66% of females preferring ASCs to 40% of males (α=0.03). Patients with a fear of contracting COVID-19 preferred to have their procedure performed in an ASC. No difference was observed in location due to vaccination status, but unvaccinated patients had a significantly lower fear of contracting COVID-19 (α=0.02). Conclusion The differences in patient preferences have no clear cause, highlighting the need for better patient education in regard to the risks and benefits of each location of surgery. The fear of contracting COVID-19 on the day of surgery appears to be more ideological than rational for unvaccinated patients, who had less fear of contracting COVID-19 than vaccinated patients, despite being more likely to contract COVID-19 than vaccinated patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Cassimatis et al.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia can have a large impact on patients, their families, and for the society as a whole. Current medical treatments have not shown enough potential in treating or altering the course of the disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown great neuromodulatory potential in Parkinson's disease, and there is a growing body of evidence for justifying its use in cognitive disorders. At the same time there is mounting interest at less invasive and alternative modes of neuromodulation for the treatment of AD. This manuscript is a brief review of the infrastructure of memory, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of AD, and the body of preclinical and clinical evidence for noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation modalities for the treatment of cognitive disorders and AD in particular., Competing Interests: None