27,904 results on '"Bhargava, A."'
Search Results
2. Energy Estimation of Last Mile Electric Vehicle Routes
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Snoeck, André, Bhargava, Aniruddha, Merchan, Daniel, Davis, Josiah, and Pachon, Julian
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Last-mile carriers increasingly incorporate electric vehicles (EVs) into their delivery fleet to achieve sustainability goals. This goal presents many challenges across multiple planning spaces including but not limited to how to plan EV routes. In this paper, we address the problem of predicting energy consumption of EVs for Last-Mile delivery routes using deep learning. We demonstrate the need to move away from thinking about range and we propose using energy as the basic unit of analysis. We share a range of deep learning solutions, beginning with a Feed Forward Neural Network (NN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and demonstrate significant accuracy improvements relative to pure physics-based and distance-based approaches. Finally, we present Route Energy Transformer (RET) a decoder-only Transformer model sized according to Chinchilla scaling laws. RET yields a +217 Basis Points (bps) improvement in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) relative to the Feed Forward NN and a +105 bps improvement relative to the RNN.
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- 2024
3. Mesh Simplification For Unfolding
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Bhargava, Manas, Schreck, Camille, Freire, Marco, Hugron, Pierre-Alexandre, Lefebvre, Sylvain, Sellán, Silvia, and Bickel, Bernd
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Computer Science - Graphics - Abstract
We present a computational approach for unfolding 3D shapes isometrically into the plane as a single patch without overlapping triangles. This is a hard, sometimes impossible, problem, which existing methods are forced to soften by allowing for map distortions or multiple patches. Instead, we propose a geometric relaxation of the problem: we modify the input shape until it admits an overlap-free unfolding. We achieve this by locally displacing vertices and collapsing edges, guided by the unfolding process. We validate our algorithm quantitatively and qualitatively on a large dataset of complex shapes and show its proficiency by fabricating real shapes from paper., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures
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- 2024
4. An areal continuum model for mixed traffic
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Maiti, Nandan and Chilukuri, Bhargava Rama
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs - Abstract
A novel continuum model has been developed to address the vehicle size heterogeneity in mixed traffic. By incorporating the principle of vehicle area conservation, a new set of traffic flow variables centered on the concept of vehicle area has been introduced. These variables, namely areal flow and areal density, exhibit the remarkable characteristic of being conserved across time and space and seamlessly related to the traditional space mean speed. Next, the study successfully established a bi-variate relationship among these newly introduced area-based traffic variables based on empirical data from three locations for stream and mode-specific. It is shown that the conventional solution methods for the hyperbolic conservation laws remain applicable to the proposed continuum model. Finally, a multi-class cell transmission model numerical scheme is developed and used to illustrate the performance of the proposed model in replicating the seepage and platoon dispersion behavior in mixed traffic conditions.
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- 2024
5. The Llama 3 Herd of Models
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Dubey, Abhimanyu, Jauhri, Abhinav, Pandey, Abhinav, Kadian, Abhishek, Al-Dahle, Ahmad, Letman, Aiesha, Mathur, Akhil, Schelten, Alan, Yang, Amy, Fan, Angela, Goyal, Anirudh, Hartshorn, Anthony, Yang, Aobo, Mitra, Archi, Sravankumar, Archie, Korenev, Artem, Hinsvark, Arthur, Rao, Arun, Zhang, Aston, Rodriguez, Aurelien, Gregerson, Austen, Spataru, Ava, Roziere, Baptiste, Biron, Bethany, Tang, Binh, Chern, Bobbie, Caucheteux, Charlotte, Nayak, Chaya, Bi, Chloe, Marra, Chris, McConnell, Chris, Keller, Christian, Touret, Christophe, Wu, Chunyang, Wong, Corinne, Ferrer, Cristian Canton, Nikolaidis, Cyrus, Allonsius, Damien, Song, Daniel, Pintz, Danielle, Livshits, Danny, Esiobu, David, Choudhary, Dhruv, Mahajan, Dhruv, Garcia-Olano, Diego, Perino, Diego, Hupkes, Dieuwke, Lakomkin, Egor, AlBadawy, Ehab, Lobanova, Elina, Dinan, Emily, Smith, Eric Michael, Radenovic, Filip, Zhang, Frank, Synnaeve, Gabriel, Lee, Gabrielle, Anderson, Georgia Lewis, Nail, Graeme, Mialon, Gregoire, Pang, Guan, Cucurell, Guillem, Nguyen, Hailey, Korevaar, Hannah, Xu, Hu, Touvron, Hugo, Zarov, Iliyan, Ibarra, Imanol Arrieta, Kloumann, Isabel, Misra, Ishan, Evtimov, Ivan, Copet, Jade, Lee, Jaewon, Geffert, Jan, Vranes, Jana, Park, Jason, Mahadeokar, Jay, Shah, Jeet, van der Linde, Jelmer, Billock, Jennifer, Hong, Jenny, Lee, Jenya, Fu, Jeremy, Chi, Jianfeng, Huang, Jianyu, Liu, Jiawen, Wang, Jie, Yu, Jiecao, Bitton, Joanna, Spisak, Joe, Park, Jongsoo, Rocca, Joseph, Johnstun, Joshua, Saxe, Joshua, Jia, Junteng, Alwala, Kalyan Vasuden, Upasani, Kartikeya, Plawiak, Kate, Li, Ke, Heafield, Kenneth, Stone, Kevin, El-Arini, Khalid, Iyer, Krithika, Malik, Kshitiz, Chiu, Kuenley, Bhalla, Kunal, Rantala-Yeary, Lauren, van der Maaten, Laurens, Chen, Lawrence, Tan, Liang, Jenkins, Liz, Martin, Louis, Madaan, Lovish, Malo, Lubo, Blecher, Lukas, Landzaat, Lukas, de Oliveira, Luke, Muzzi, Madeline, Pasupuleti, Mahesh, Singh, Mannat, Paluri, Manohar, Kardas, Marcin, Oldham, Mathew, Rita, Mathieu, Pavlova, Maya, Kambadur, Melanie, Lewis, Mike, Si, Min, Singh, Mitesh Kumar, Hassan, Mona, Goyal, Naman, Torabi, Narjes, Bashlykov, Nikolay, Bogoychev, Nikolay, Chatterji, Niladri, Duchenne, Olivier, Çelebi, Onur, Alrassy, Patrick, Zhang, Pengchuan, Li, Pengwei, Vasic, Petar, Weng, Peter, Bhargava, Prajjwal, Dubal, Pratik, Krishnan, Praveen, Koura, Punit Singh, Xu, Puxin, He, Qing, Dong, Qingxiao, Srinivasan, Ragavan, Ganapathy, Raj, Calderer, Ramon, Cabral, Ricardo Silveira, Stojnic, Robert, Raileanu, Roberta, Girdhar, Rohit, Patel, Rohit, Sauvestre, Romain, Polidoro, Ronnie, Sumbaly, Roshan, Taylor, Ross, Silva, Ruan, Hou, Rui, Wang, Rui, Hosseini, Saghar, Chennabasappa, Sahana, Singh, Sanjay, Bell, Sean, Kim, Seohyun Sonia, Edunov, Sergey, Nie, Shaoliang, Narang, Sharan, Raparthy, Sharath, Shen, Sheng, Wan, Shengye, Bhosale, Shruti, Zhang, Shun, Vandenhende, Simon, Batra, Soumya, Whitman, Spencer, Sootla, Sten, Collot, Stephane, Gururangan, Suchin, Borodinsky, Sydney, Herman, Tamar, Fowler, Tara, Sheasha, Tarek, Georgiou, Thomas, Scialom, Thomas, Speckbacher, Tobias, Mihaylov, Todor, Xiao, Tong, Karn, Ujjwal, Goswami, Vedanuj, Gupta, Vibhor, Ramanathan, Vignesh, Kerkez, Viktor, Gonguet, Vincent, Do, Virginie, Vogeti, Vish, Petrovic, Vladan, Chu, Weiwei, Xiong, Wenhan, Fu, Wenyin, Meers, Whitney, Martinet, Xavier, Wang, Xiaodong, Tan, Xiaoqing Ellen, Xie, Xinfeng, Jia, Xuchao, Wang, Xuewei, Goldschlag, Yaelle, Gaur, Yashesh, Babaei, Yasmine, Wen, Yi, Song, Yiwen, Zhang, Yuchen, Li, Yue, Mao, Yuning, Coudert, Zacharie Delpierre, Yan, Zheng, Chen, Zhengxing, Papakipos, Zoe, Singh, Aaditya, Grattafiori, Aaron, Jain, Abha, Kelsey, Adam, Shajnfeld, Adam, Gangidi, Adithya, Victoria, Adolfo, Goldstand, Ahuva, Menon, Ajay, Sharma, Ajay, Boesenberg, Alex, Vaughan, Alex, Baevski, Alexei, Feinstein, Allie, Kallet, Amanda, Sangani, Amit, Yunus, Anam, Lupu, Andrei, Alvarado, Andres, Caples, Andrew, Gu, Andrew, Ho, Andrew, Poulton, Andrew, Ryan, Andrew, Ramchandani, Ankit, Franco, Annie, Saraf, Aparajita, Chowdhury, Arkabandhu, Gabriel, Ashley, Bharambe, Ashwin, Eisenman, Assaf, Yazdan, Azadeh, James, Beau, Maurer, Ben, Leonhardi, Benjamin, Huang, Bernie, Loyd, Beth, De Paola, Beto, Paranjape, Bhargavi, Liu, Bing, Wu, Bo, Ni, Boyu, Hancock, Braden, Wasti, Bram, Spence, Brandon, Stojkovic, Brani, Gamido, Brian, Montalvo, Britt, Parker, Carl, Burton, Carly, Mejia, Catalina, Wang, Changhan, Kim, Changkyu, Zhou, Chao, Hu, Chester, Chu, Ching-Hsiang, Cai, Chris, Tindal, Chris, Feichtenhofer, Christoph, Civin, Damon, Beaty, Dana, Kreymer, Daniel, Li, Daniel, Wyatt, Danny, Adkins, David, Xu, David, Testuggine, Davide, David, Delia, Parikh, Devi, Liskovich, Diana, Foss, Didem, Wang, Dingkang, Le, Duc, Holland, Dustin, Dowling, Edward, Jamil, Eissa, Montgomery, Elaine, Presani, Eleonora, Hahn, Emily, Wood, Emily, Brinkman, Erik, Arcaute, Esteban, Dunbar, Evan, Smothers, Evan, Sun, Fei, Kreuk, Felix, Tian, Feng, Ozgenel, Firat, Caggioni, Francesco, Guzmán, Francisco, Kanayet, Frank, Seide, Frank, Florez, Gabriela Medina, Schwarz, Gabriella, Badeer, Gada, Swee, Georgia, Halpern, Gil, Thattai, Govind, Herman, Grant, Sizov, Grigory, Guangyi, Zhang, Lakshminarayanan, Guna, Shojanazeri, Hamid, Zou, Han, Wang, Hannah, Zha, Hanwen, Habeeb, Haroun, Rudolph, Harrison, Suk, Helen, Aspegren, Henry, Goldman, Hunter, Damlaj, Ibrahim, Molybog, Igor, Tufanov, Igor, Veliche, Irina-Elena, Gat, Itai, Weissman, Jake, Geboski, James, Kohli, James, Asher, Japhet, Gaya, Jean-Baptiste, Marcus, Jeff, Tang, Jeff, Chan, Jennifer, Zhen, Jenny, Reizenstein, Jeremy, Teboul, Jeremy, Zhong, Jessica, Jin, Jian, Yang, Jingyi, Cummings, Joe, Carvill, Jon, Shepard, Jon, McPhie, Jonathan, Torres, Jonathan, Ginsburg, Josh, Wang, Junjie, Wu, Kai, U, Kam Hou, Saxena, Karan, Prasad, Karthik, Khandelwal, Kartikay, Zand, Katayoun, Matosich, Kathy, Veeraraghavan, Kaushik, Michelena, Kelly, Li, Keqian, Huang, Kun, Chawla, Kunal, Lakhotia, Kushal, Huang, Kyle, Chen, Lailin, Garg, Lakshya, A, Lavender, Silva, Leandro, Bell, Lee, Zhang, Lei, Guo, Liangpeng, Yu, Licheng, Moshkovich, Liron, Wehrstedt, Luca, Khabsa, Madian, Avalani, Manav, Bhatt, Manish, Tsimpoukelli, Maria, Mankus, Martynas, Hasson, Matan, Lennie, Matthew, Reso, Matthias, Groshev, Maxim, Naumov, Maxim, Lathi, Maya, Keneally, Meghan, Seltzer, Michael L., Valko, Michal, Restrepo, Michelle, Patel, Mihir, Vyatskov, Mik, Samvelyan, Mikayel, Clark, Mike, Macey, Mike, Wang, Mike, Hermoso, Miquel Jubert, Metanat, Mo, Rastegari, Mohammad, Bansal, Munish, Santhanam, Nandhini, Parks, Natascha, White, Natasha, Bawa, Navyata, Singhal, Nayan, Egebo, Nick, Usunier, Nicolas, Laptev, Nikolay Pavlovich, Dong, Ning, Zhang, Ning, Cheng, Norman, Chernoguz, Oleg, Hart, Olivia, Salpekar, Omkar, Kalinli, Ozlem, Kent, Parkin, Parekh, Parth, Saab, Paul, Balaji, Pavan, Rittner, Pedro, Bontrager, Philip, Roux, Pierre, Dollar, Piotr, Zvyagina, Polina, Ratanchandani, Prashant, Yuvraj, Pritish, Liang, Qian, Alao, Rachad, Rodriguez, Rachel, Ayub, Rafi, Murthy, Raghotham, Nayani, Raghu, Mitra, Rahul, Li, Raymond, Hogan, Rebekkah, Battey, Robin, Wang, Rocky, Maheswari, Rohan, Howes, Russ, Rinott, Ruty, Bondu, Sai Jayesh, Datta, Samyak, Chugh, Sara, Hunt, Sara, Dhillon, Sargun, Sidorov, Sasha, Pan, Satadru, Verma, Saurabh, Yamamoto, Seiji, Ramaswamy, Sharadh, Lindsay, Shaun, Feng, Sheng, Lin, Shenghao, Zha, Shengxin Cindy, Shankar, Shiva, Zhang, Shuqiang, Wang, Sinong, Agarwal, Sneha, Sajuyigbe, Soji, Chintala, Soumith, Max, Stephanie, Chen, Stephen, Kehoe, Steve, Satterfield, Steve, Govindaprasad, Sudarshan, Gupta, Sumit, Cho, Sungmin, Virk, Sunny, Subramanian, Suraj, Choudhury, Sy, Goldman, Sydney, Remez, Tal, Glaser, Tamar, Best, Tamara, Kohler, Thilo, Robinson, Thomas, Li, Tianhe, Zhang, Tianjun, Matthews, Tim, Chou, Timothy, Shaked, Tzook, Vontimitta, Varun, Ajayi, Victoria, Montanez, Victoria, Mohan, Vijai, Kumar, Vinay Satish, Mangla, Vishal, Albiero, Vítor, Ionescu, Vlad, Poenaru, Vlad, Mihailescu, Vlad Tiberiu, Ivanov, Vladimir, Li, Wei, Wang, Wenchen, Jiang, Wenwen, Bouaziz, Wes, Constable, Will, Tang, Xiaocheng, Wang, Xiaofang, Wu, Xiaojian, Wang, Xiaolan, Xia, Xide, Wu, Xilun, Gao, Xinbo, Chen, Yanjun, Hu, Ye, Jia, Ye, Qi, Ye, Li, Yenda, Zhang, Yilin, Zhang, Ying, Adi, Yossi, Nam, Youngjin, Yu, Wang, Hao, Yuchen, Qian, Yundi, He, Yuzi, Rait, Zach, DeVito, Zachary, Rosnbrick, Zef, Wen, Zhaoduo, Yang, Zhenyu, and Zhao, Zhiwei
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems are powered by foundation models. This paper presents a new set of foundation models, called Llama 3. It is a herd of language models that natively support multilinguality, coding, reasoning, and tool usage. Our largest model is a dense Transformer with 405B parameters and a context window of up to 128K tokens. This paper presents an extensive empirical evaluation of Llama 3. We find that Llama 3 delivers comparable quality to leading language models such as GPT-4 on a plethora of tasks. We publicly release Llama 3, including pre-trained and post-trained versions of the 405B parameter language model and our Llama Guard 3 model for input and output safety. The paper also presents the results of experiments in which we integrate image, video, and speech capabilities into Llama 3 via a compositional approach. We observe this approach performs competitively with the state-of-the-art on image, video, and speech recognition tasks. The resulting models are not yet being broadly released as they are still under development.
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- 2024
6. Are We Ready for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Digital Pathology?
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Oh, Ji-Hun, Falahkheirkhah, Kianoush, and Bhargava, Rohit
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
The detection of semantic and covariate out-of-distribution (OOD) examples is a critical yet overlooked challenge in digital pathology (DP). Recently, substantial insight and methods on OOD detection were presented by the ML community, but how do they fare in DP applications? To this end, we establish a benchmark study, our highlights being: 1) the adoption of proper evaluation protocols, 2) the comparison of diverse detectors in both a single and multi-model setting, and 3) the exploration into advanced ML settings like transfer learning (ImageNet vs. DP pre-training) and choice of architecture (CNNs vs. transformers). Through our comprehensive experiments, we contribute new insights and guidelines, paving the way for future research and discussion.
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- 2024
7. Disentangling Representations in RNNs through Multi-task Learning
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Vafidis, Pantelis, Bhargava, Aman, and Rangel, Antonio
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Abstract, or disentangled, representations are a promising mathematical framework for efficient and effective generalization in both biological and artificial systems. We investigate abstract representations in the context of multi-task classification over noisy evidence streams -- a canonical decision-making neuroscience paradigm. We derive theoretical bounds that guarantee the emergence of disentangled representations in the latent state of any optimal multi-task classifier, when the number of tasks exceeds the dimensionality of the state space. We experimentally confirm that RNNs trained on multi-task classification learn disentangled representations in the form of continuous attractors, leading to zero-shot out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. We demonstrate the flexibility of the abstract RNN representations across various decision boundary geometries and in tasks requiring classification confidence estimation. Our framework suggests a general principle for the formation of cognitive maps that organize knowledge to enable flexible generalization in biological and artificial systems alike, and closely relates to representations found in humans and animals during decision-making and spatial reasoning tasks., Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures
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- 2024
8. Galaxy cluster matter profiles: I. Self-similarity and mass calibration
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Singh, A., Mohr, J. J., Davies, C. T., Bocquet, S., Grandis, S., Klein, M., Marshall, J. L., Aguena, M., Allam, S. S., Alves, O., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lima, M., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Myles, J., Pieres, A., Romer, A. K., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Weaverdyck, N., and Wiseman, P.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a study of the weak lensing matter profiles of 698 South Pole Telescope (SPT) thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (tSZE) selected galaxy clusters in the redshift range $0.25
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- 2024
9. Explicit Commutative ROABPs from Partial Derivatives
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Bhargava, Vishwas and Tengse, Anamay
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Computer Science - Computational Complexity ,F.1.3 ,I.1.1 - Abstract
The dimension of partial derivatives (Nisan and Wigderson, 1997) is a popular measure for proving lower bounds in algebraic complexity. It is used to give strong lower bounds on the Waring decomposition of polynomials (called Waring rank). This naturally leads to an interesting open question: does this measure essentially characterize the Waring rank of any polynomial? The well-studied model of Read-once Oblivious ABPs (ROABPs for short) lends itself to an interesting hierarchy of 'sub-models': Any-Order-ROABPs (ARO), Commutative ROABPs, and Diagonal ROABPs. It follows from previous works that for any polynomial, a bound on its Waring rank implies an analogous bound on its Diagonal ROABP complexity (called the duality trick), and a bound on its dimension of partial derivatives implies an analogous bound on its 'ARO complexity': ROABP complexity in any order (Nisan, 1991). Our work strengthens the latter connection by showing that a bound on the dimension of partial derivatives in fact implies a bound on the commutative ROABP complexity. Thus, we improve our understanding of partial derivatives and move a step closer towards answering the above question. Our proof builds on the work of Ramya and Tengse (2022) to show that the commutative-ROABP-width of any homogeneous polynomial is at most the dimension of its partial derivatives. The technique itself is a generalization of the proof of the duality trick due to Saxena (2008).
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- 2024
10. Probing outbursts of the transient neutron star low mass X-ray binary Aql X-1 with NICER: a study of spectral evolution
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Putha, Karthik Gananath, Bhargava, Yash, and Bhattacharyya, Sudip
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
X-ray observations of neutron star (NS) low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are useful to probe physical processes close to the NS and to constrain source parameters. Aql X-1 is a transient NS LMXB which frequently undergoes outbursts provides an excellent opportunity to study source properties and accretion mechanism in strong gravity regime over a wide range of accretion rates. In this work, we systematically investigate the spectral evolution of Aql X-1 using NICER observations during the source outbursts in 2019 and 2020. The NICER observations cover the complete transition of the source from its canonical hard state to soft state and back. The spectra extracted from most observations can be explained by a partially Comptonised accretion disc. We find that the system can be described by an accretion disk with an inner temperature of $\approx0.7$ keV and a Comptonising medium of thermal electrons at $\approx2$ keV, while the photon index is strongly degenerate with the covering fraction of the medium. We also find evidence of Fe K$\alpha$ fluorescence emission in the spectra indicating reprocessing of the Comptonised photons. We observe an absorption column density higher than the Galactic column density for most of the observations indicating a significant local absorption. But for some of the observations in 2020 outburst, the local absorption is negligible., Comment: 10 pages,5 figures,5 tables,accepted for publication in MNRAS
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- 2024
11. An Extended AW-Rascle Model with Source Terms and Its Numerical Solution
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Maiti, Nandan and Chilukuri, Bhargava Rama
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs - Abstract
Nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations govern continuum traffic flow models. Higher-order traffic flow models consisting of continuum equations and velocity dynamics were introduced to address the limitations of the Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model. However, these models are ineffective in incorporating road heterogeneity. This paper integrates an extended AW-Rascle higher-order model with the source terms in the continuum equation to predict the traffic states in heterogeneous road conditions. The system of the equations was solved numerically with the central dispersion (CD) method incorporated into the standard McCormack scheme. Smoothing is applied to take care of the numerical oscillation of the higher-order model. Different combinations of initial conditions with source terms showed that the proposed model with the numerical methods could produce a stable solution and eliminate oscillation of the McCormack scheme.
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- 2024
12. Effective-LDAM: An Effective Loss Function To Mitigate Data Imbalance for Robust Chest X-Ray Disease Classification
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S, Sree Rama Vamsidhar, Satya, Bhargava, and Gorthi, Rama Krishna
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Deep Learning (DL) approaches have gained prominence in medical imaging for disease diagnosis. Chest X-ray (CXR) classification has emerged as an effective method for detecting various diseases. Among these methodologies, Chest X-ray (CXR) classification has proven to be an effective approach for detecting and analyzing various diseases. However, the reliable performance of DL classification algorithms is dependent upon access to large and balanced datasets, which pose challenges in medical imaging due to the impracticality of acquiring sufficient data for every disease category. To tackle this problem, we propose an algorithmic-centric approach called Effective-Label Distribution Aware Margin (E-LDAM), which modifies the margin of the widely adopted Label Distribution Aware Margin (LDAM) loss function using an effective number of samples in each class. Experimental evaluations on the COVIDx CXR dataset focus on Normal, Pneumonia, and COVID-19 classification. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed E-LDAM approach, achieving a remarkable recall score of 97.81% for the minority class (COVID-19) in CXR image prediction. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of the three-class classification task attains an impressive level of 95.26%.
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- 2024
13. Degron-Based bioPROTACs for Controlling Signaling in CAR T Cells.
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Kim, Matthew, Bhargava, Hersh, Shavey, Gavin, Lim, Wendell, El-Samad, Hana, and Ng, Andrew
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CAR T cells ,mammalian synthetic biology ,targeted protein degradation ,Humans ,Degrons ,HEK293 Cells ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,Proteolysis ,Receptors ,Chimeric Antigen ,Signal Transduction ,T-Lymphocytes ,ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have made a tremendous impact in the clinic, but potent signaling through the CAR can be detrimental to treatment safety and efficacy. The use of protein degradation to control CAR signaling can address these issues in preclinical models. Existing strategies for regulating CAR stability rely on small molecules to induce systemic degradation. In contrast to small molecule regulation, genetic circuits offer a more precise method to control CAR signaling in an autonomous cell-by-cell fashion. Here, we describe a programmable protein degradation tool that adopts the framework of bioPROTACs, heterobifunctional proteins that are composed of a target recognition domain fused to a domain that recruits the endogenous ubiquitin proteasome system. We develop novel bioPROTACs that utilize a compact four-residue degron and demonstrate degradation of cytosolic and membrane protein targets using either a nanobody or synthetic leucine zipper as a protein binder. Our bioPROTACs exhibit potent degradation of CARs and can inhibit CAR signaling in primary human T cells. We demonstrate the utility of our bioPROTACs by constructing a genetic circuit to degrade the tyrosine kinase ZAP70 in response to recognition of a specific membrane-bound antigen. This circuit can disrupt CAR T cell signaling only in the presence of a specific cell population. These results suggest that bioPROTACs are powerful tools for expanding the CAR T cell engineering toolbox.
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- 2024
14. An exploratory study on lipidomic profiles in a cohort of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Bhargava, Aditi, Knapp, Johannes, Fiehn, Oliver, Neylan, Thomas, and Inslicht, Sabra
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Ceramides ,Fatty acids ,Mass spectrometry ,PE ,Sex differences ,Sleep quality ,Sphingomyelins ,Triglycerides ,Humans ,Stress Disorders ,Post-Traumatic ,Male ,Female ,Adult ,Lipidomics ,Young Adult ,Lipids ,Cohort Studies ,Lipid Metabolism - Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after trauma exposure. Some studies report that women develop PTSD at twice the rate of men, despite greater trauma exposure in men. Lipids and their metabolites (lipidome) regulate a myriad of key biological processes and pathways such as membrane integrity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the brain by maintaining neuronal connectivity and homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the lipidome of 40 adults with PTSD and 40 trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals (n = 20/sex/condition; 19-39 years old). Plasma samples were analyzed for lipidomics using Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QToF) mass spectrometry. Additionally, ~ 90 measures were collected, on sleep, and mental and physical health indices. Poorer sleep quality was associated with greater PTSD severity in both sexes. The lipidomics analysis identified a total of 348 quantifiable known lipid metabolites and 1951 lipid metabolites that are yet unknown; known metabolites were part of 13 lipid subclasses. After adjusting for BMI and sleep quality, in women with PTSD, only one lipid subclass, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was altered, whereas, in men with PTSD, 9 out of 13 subclasses were altered compared to non-PTSD women and men, respectively. Severe PTSD was associated with 22% and 5% of altered lipid metabolites in men and women, respectively. Of the changed metabolites, only 0.5% measures (2 PEs and cholesterol) were common between women and men with PTSD. Several sphingomyelins, PEs, ceramides, and triglycerides were increased in men with severe PTSD. The correlations between triglycerides and ceramide metabolites with cholesterol metabolites and systolic blood pressure were dependent upon sex and PTSD status. Alterations in triglycerides and ceramides are linked with cardiac health and metabolic function in humans. Thus, disturbed sleep and higher body mass may have contributed to changes in the lipidome found in PTSD.
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- 2024
15. Rapid Mid-Infrared Spectral-Timing with JWST. I. The prototypical black hole X-ray Binary GRS 1915+105 during a MIR-bright and X-ray-obscured state
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Gandhi, P., Borowski, E. S., Byrom, J., Hynes, R. I., Maccarone, T. J., Shaw, A. W., Adegoke, O. K., Altamirano, D., Baglio, M. C., Bhargava, Y., Britt, C. T., Buckley, D. A. H., Buisson, D. J. K., Casella, P., Segura, N. Castro, Charles, P. A., Corral-Santana, J. M., Dhillon, V. S., Fender, R., Gúrpide, A., Heinke, C. O., Igl, A. B., Knigge, C., Markoff, S., Mastroserio, G., McCollough, M. L., Middleton, M., Miller, J. M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Motta, S. E., Paice, J. A., Pawar, D. D., Plotkin, R. M., Pradhan, P., Ressler, M. E., Russell, D. M., Russell, T. D., Santos-Sanz, P., Shahbaz, T., Sivakoff, G. R., Steeghs, D., Tetarenko, A. J., Tomsick, J. A., Vincentelli, F. M., George, M., Gurwell, M., and Rao, R.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present mid-infrared (MIR) spectral-timing measurements of the prototypical Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105. The source was observed with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) onboard JWST in June 2023 at a MIR luminosity L(MIR)~10^{36} erg/s exceeding past IR levels by about a factor of 10. By contrast, the X-ray flux is much fainter than the historical average, in the source's now-persistent 'obscured' state. The MIRI low-resolution spectrum shows a plethora of emission lines, the strongest of which are consistent with recombination in the hydrogen Pfund (Pf) series and higher. Low amplitude (~1%) but highly significant peak-to-peak photometric variability is found on timescales of ~1,000 s. The brightest Pf(6-5) emission line lags the continuum. Though difficult to constrain accurately, this lag is commensurate with light-travel timescales across the outer accretion disc or with expected recombination timescales inferred from emission line diagnostics. Using the emission line as a bolometric indicator suggests a moderate (~5-30% Eddington) intrinsic accretion rate. Multiwavelength monitoring shows that JWST caught the source close in-time to unprecedentedly bright MIR and radio long-term flaring. Assuming a thermal bremsstrahlung origin for the MIRI continuum suggests an unsustainably high mass-loss rate during this time unless the wind remains bound, though other possible origins cannot be ruled out. PAH features previously detected with Spitzer are now less clear in the MIRI data, arguing for possible destruction of dust in the interim. These results provide a preview of new parameter space for exploring MIR spectral-timing in XRBs and other variable cosmic sources on rapid timescales., Comment: Dedicated to the memory of our colleague, Tomaso Belloni. Submitted 2024 June 21; Comments welcome
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- 2024
16. The ALCHEmist: Automated Labeling 500x CHEaper Than LLM Data Annotators
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Huang, Tzu-Heng, Cao, Catherine, Bhargava, Vaishnavi, and Sala, Frederic
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Large pretrained models can be used as annotators, helping replace or augment crowdworkers and enabling distilling generalist models into smaller specialist models. Unfortunately, this comes at a cost: employing top-of-the-line models often requires paying thousands of dollars for API calls, while the resulting datasets are static and challenging to audit. To address these challenges, we propose a simple alternative: rather than directly querying labels from pretrained models, we task models to generate programs that can produce labels. These programs can be stored and applied locally, re-used and extended, and cost orders of magnitude less. Our system, Alchemist, obtains comparable to or better performance than large language model-based annotation in a range of tasks for a fraction of the cost: on average, improvements amount to a 12.9% enhancement while the total labeling costs across all datasets are reduced by a factor of approximately 500x.
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- 2024
17. An IXPE-Led X-ray Spectro-Polarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing
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Steiner, James F., Nathan, Edward, Hu, Kun, Krawczynski, Henric, Dovciak, Michal, Veledina, Alexandra, Muleri, Fabio, Svoboda, Jiri, Alabarta, Kevin, Parra, Maxime, Bhargava, Yash, Matt, Giorgio, Poutanen, Juri, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Tennant, Allyn F., Baglio, M. Cristina, Baldini, Luca, Barnier, Samuel, Bhattacharyya, Sudip, Bianchi, Stefano, Brigitte, Maimouna, Cabezas, Mauricio, Cangemi, Floriane, Capitanio, Fiamma, Casey, Jacob, Cavero, Nicole Rodriguez, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chun, Sohee, Churazov, Eugene, Costa, Enrico, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Di Marco, Alessandro, Egron, Elise, Ewing, Melissa, Fabiani, Sergio, Garcia, Javier A., Green, David A., Grinberg, Victoria, Hadrava, Petr, Ingram, Adam, Kaaret, Philip, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kravtsov, Vadim, Kubatova, Brankica, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Loktev, Vladislav, Malacaria, Christian, Marin, Frederic, Marinucci, Andrea, Maryeva, Olga, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Negro, Michela, Omodei, Nicola, Podgorny, Jakub, Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Rhodes, Lauren, Russell, David M., Slechta, Miroslav, Soffitta, Paolo, Spooner, Sean, Suleimanov, Valery, Tombesi, Francesco, Trushkin, Sergei A., Weisskopf, Martin C., Zane, Silvia, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Sixuan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhou, Menglei, Agudo, Ivan, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Wu, Kinwah, and Xie, Fei
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the first X-ray spectropolarimetric results for Cygnus X-1 in its soft state from a campaign of five IXPE observations conducted during 2023 May-June. Companion multiwavelength data during the campaign are likewise shown. The 2-8 keV X-rays exhibit a net polarization degree PD=1.99%+/-0.13% (68% confidence). The polarization signal is found to increase with energy across IXPE's 2-8 keV bandpass. The polarized X-rays exhibit an energy-independent polarization angle of PA=-25.7+/-1.8 deg. East of North (68% confidence). This is consistent with being aligned to Cyg X-1's AU-scale compact radio jet and its pc-scale radio lobes. In comparison to earlier hard-state observations, the soft state exhibits a factor of 2 lower polarization degree, but a similar trend with energy and a similar (also energy-independent) position angle. When scaling by the natural unit of the disk temperature, we find the appearance of a consistent trendline in the polarization degree between soft and hard states. Our favored polarimetric model indicates Cyg X-1's spin is likely high (a* above ~0.96). The substantial X-ray polarization in Cyg X-1's soft state is most readily explained as resulting from a large portion of X-rays emitted from the disk returning and reflecting off the disk surface, generating a high polarization degree and a polarization direction parallel to the black hole spin axis and radio jet. In IXPE's bandpass, the polarization signal is dominated by the returning reflection emission. This constitutes polarimetric evidence for strong gravitational lensing of X-rays close to the black hole., Comment: 20 pages, accepted for publication in ApJL
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- 2024
18. Off-Policy Evaluation from Logged Human Feedback
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Bhargava, Aniruddha, Jain, Lalit, Kveton, Branislav, Liu, Ge, and Mukherjee, Subhojyoti
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Learning from human feedback has been central to recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Since the collection of human feedback is costly, a natural question to ask is if the new feedback always needs to collected. Or could we evaluate a new model with the human feedback on responses of another model? This motivates us to study off-policy evaluation from logged human feedback. We formalize the problem, propose both model-based and model-free estimators for policy values, and show how to optimize them. We analyze unbiasedness of our estimators and evaluate them empirically. Our estimators can predict the absolute values of evaluated policies, rank them, and be optimized.
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- 2024
19. X-ray and Radio campaign of the Z-source GX 340+0: discovery of X-ray polarization and its implications
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Bhargava, Yash, Ng, Mason, Zhang, Liang, Balasubramanian, Arvind, Russell, Thomas D., Kaushik, Aman, Jadoliya, Vishal, Ravi, Swati, Bhattacharyya, Sudip, Pahari, Mayukh, Homan, Jeroen, Marshall, Herman L., Chakrabarty, Deepto, and Carotenuto, Francesco
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the discovery of X-ray polarization from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary and Z-source, GX~340$+$0, using an Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation in March 2024. Along with the IXPE observation, we conducted an extensive X-ray and radio monitoring campaign to ascertain the source properties during and around the IXPE observation. The source was within the horizontal branch throughout the multiwavelength campaign. We measured a significant X-ray polarization in 2--8 keV with polarization degree (PD) = $4.02 \pm 0.35$% and polarization angle (PA) = $37.6 \pm 2.5^\circ$. The energy-dependent polarization indicates that in the 2-2.5 keV energy range, the PA is much lower, $\sim9\pm8^\circ$, while other energy bands are consistent with the PA found over 2.5--8 keV. The simultaneous AstroSat-IXPE spectro-polarimetric observations provide some evidence for independent polarization from various spectral components, hinting at a disparity in the PA from the accretion disk and the Comptonized emission, while suggesting an unpolarized emission from the blackbody component. Radio observations in the 0.7--9 GHz frequency range reveal a non-detection of radio emission in 0.7-1.5 GHz and a significant detection in 5.5--9 GHz, suggesting the presence of a spectral break in 1.5-5.5 GHz. Using ATCA observation we place upper limits on the radio polarization at $<$6% on the linear polarization and $<$4% on the circular polarization at 3$\sigma$ level. We discuss the origin of the X-ray polarization and its implications on the geometry of the spectral components., Comment: Submitted in ApJL, 4 figures, 3 tables
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- 2024
20. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission
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Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Barreiro, T., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. M., Cousinou, M. -C., Covone, G., Cowell, T., Cragg, C., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Crocce, M., Cropper, M., Crouzet, P. E, Csizi, B., Cuby, J. -G., Cucchetti, E., Cucciati, O., Cuillandre, J. -C., Cunha, P. A. C., Cuozzo, V., Daddi, E., D'Addona, M., Dafonte, C., Dagoneau, N., Dalessandro, E., Dalton, G. B., D'Amico, G., Dannerbauer, H., Danto, P., Das, I., Da Silva, A., da Silva, R., Daste, G., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., de Boer, T., Decarli, R., De Caro, B., Degaudenzi, H., Degni, G., de Jong, J. T. A., de la Bella, L. F., de la Torre, S., Delhaise, F., Delley, D., Delucchi, G., De Lucia, G., Denniston, J., De Paolis, F., De Petris, M., Derosa, A., Desai, S., Desjacques, V., Despali, G., Desprez, G., De Vicente-Albendea, J., Deville, Y., Dias, J. D. F., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Diego, J. M., Di Ferdinando, D., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dolag, K., Dolding, C., Dole, H., Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Doré, O., Dournac, F., Douspis, M., Dreihahn, H., Droge, B., Dryer, B., Dubath, F., Duc, P. -A., Ducret, F., Duffy, C., Dufresne, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Duret, V., Durrer, R., Durret, F., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Eggemeier, A., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Elbaz, D., Elkhashab, M. Y., Ellien, A., Endicott, J., Enia, A., Erben, T., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Sanz, I. Escudero, Essert, J., Ettori, S., Ezziati, M., Fabbian, G., Fabricius, M., Fang, Y., Farina, A., Farina, M., Farinelli, R., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Feltre, A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferrando, P., Ferrari, A. G., Ferré-Mateu, A., Ferreira, P. G., Ferreras, I., Ferrero, I., Ferriol, S., Ferruit, P., Filleul, D., Finelli, F., Finkelstein, S. L., Finoguenov, A., Fiorini, B., Flentge, F., Focardi, P., Fonseca, J., Fontana, A., Fontanot, F., Fornari, F., Fosalba, P., Fossati, M., Fotopoulou, S., Fouchez, D., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Fraix-Burnet, D., Franceschi, E., Franco, A., Franzetti, P., Freihoefer, J., Frittoli, G., Frugier, P. -A., Frusciante, N., Fumagalli, A., Fumagalli, M., Fumana, M., Fu, Y., Gabarra, L., Galeotta, S., Galluccio, L., Ganga, K., Gao, H., García-Bellido, J., Garcia, K., Gardner, J. P., Garilli, B., Gaspar-Venancio, L. -M., Gasparetto, T., Gautard, V., Gavazzi, R., Gaztanaga, E., Genolet, L., Santos, R. Genova, Gentile, F., George, K., Ghaffari, Z., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gibb, G. P. S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Ginolfi, M., Giocoli, C., Girardi, M., Giri, S. K., Goh, L. W. K., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez, A. H., Gonzalez, E. J., Gonzalez, J. C., Beauchamps, S. Gouyou, Gozaliasl, G., Gracia-Carpio, J., Grandis, S., Granett, B. R., Granvik, M., Grazian, A., Gregorio, A., Grenet, C., Grillo, C., Grupp, F., Gruppioni, C., Gruppuso, A., Guerbuez, C., Guerrini, S., Guidi, M., Guillard, P., Gutierrez, C. M., Guttridge, P., Guzzo, L., Gwyn, S., Haapala, J., Haase, J., Haddow, C. R., Hailey, M., Hall, A., Hall, D., Hamaus, N., Haridasu, B. S., Harnois-Déraps, J., Harper, C., Hartley, W. G., Hasinger, G., Hassani, F., Hatch, N. A., Haugan, S. V. H., Häußler, B., Heavens, A., Heisenberg, L., Helmi, A., Helou, G., Hemmati, S., Henares, K., Herent, O., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Heuberger, T., Hewett, P. C., Heydenreich, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hirschmann, M., Hjorth, J., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holland, A. D., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Horeau, B., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hosseini, S., Hu, D., Hudelot, P., Hudson, M. J., Huertas-Company, M., Huff, E. M., Hughes, A. C. N., Humphrey, A., Hunt, L. K., Huynh, D. D., Ibata, R., Ichikawa, K., Iglesias-Groth, S., Ilbert, O., Ilić, S., Ingoglia, L., Iodice, E., Israel, H., Israelsson, U. E., Izzo, L., Jablonka, P., Jackson, N., Jacobson, J., Jafariyazani, M., Jahnke, K., Jansen, H., Jarvis, M. J., Jasche, J., Jauzac, M., Jeffrey, N., Jhabvala, M., Jimenez-Teja, Y., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joachimi, B., Johansson, P. H., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kang, Y., Kannawadi, A., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kärcher, M., Kashlinsky, A., Kazandjian, M. V., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., Kerins, E., Kermiche, S., Khalil, A., Kiessling, A., Kiiveri, K., Kilbinger, M., Kim, J., King, R., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kitching, T., Kluge, M., Knabenhans, M., Knapen, J. H., Knebe, A., Kneib, J. -P., Kohley, R., Koopmans, L. V. E., Koskinen, H., Koulouridis, E., Kou, R., Kovács, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Kowalczyk, A., Koyama, K., Kraljic, K., Krause, O., Kruk, S., Kubik, B., Kuchner, U., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lacey, C. G., La Franca, F., Lagarde, N., Lahav, O., Laigle, C., La Marca, A., La Marle, O., Lamine, B., Lam, M. C., Lançon, A., Landt, H., Langer, M., Lapi, A., Larcheveque, C., Larsen, S. S., Lattanzi, M., Laudisio, F., Laugier, D., Laureijs, R., Lavaux, G., Lawrenson, A., Lazanu, A., Lazeyras, T., Boulc'h, Q. Le, Brun, A. M. C. Le, Brun, V. Le, Leclercq, F., Lee, S., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Leirvik, K. N., Jeune, M. Le, Lembo, M., Mignant, D. Le, Lepinzan, M. D., Lepori, F., Lesci, G. F., Lesgourgues, J., Leuzzi, L., Levi, M. E., Liaudat, T. I., Libet, G., Liebing, P., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lin, C. -C., Linde, D., Linder, E., Lindholm, V., Linke, L., Li, S. -S., Liu, S. J., Lloro, I., Lobo, F. S. N., Lodieu, N., Lombardi, M., Lombriser, L., Lonare, P., Longo, G., López-Caniego, M., Lopez, X. Lopez, Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Loureiro, A., Loveday, J., Lusso, E., Macias-Perez, J., Maciaszek, T., Magliocchetti, M., Magnard, F., Magnier, E. A., Magro, A., Mahler, G., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Malavasi, N., Mamon, G. A., Mancini, C., Mandelbaum, R., Manera, M., Manjón-García, A., Mannucci, F., Mansutti, O., Outeiro, M. Manteiga, Maoli, R., Maraston, C., Marcin, S., Marcos-Arenal, P., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marggraf, O., Marinucci, D., Marinucci, M., Markovic, K., Marleau, F. R., Marpaud, J., Martignac, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martin-Moruno, P., Martin, E. L., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Martin, H., Martins, C. J. A. P., Marulli, F., Massari, D., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Matarrese, S., Matsuoka, Y., Matthew, S., Maughan, B. J., Mauri, N., Maurin, L., Maurogordato, S., McCarthy, K., McConnachie, A. W., McCracken, H. J., McDonald, I., McEwen, J. D., McPartland, C. J. R., Medinaceli, E., Mehta, V., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Melin, J. -B., Ménard, B., Mendes, J., Mendez-Abreu, J., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Merlin, E., Metcalf, R. B., Meylan, G., Migliaccio, M., Mignoli, M., Miller, L., Miluzio, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Mimoso, J. P., Miquel, R., Miyatake, H., Mobasher, B., Mohr, J. J., Monaco, P., Monguió, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Moresco, M., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Moriya, T. J., Morris, P. W., Mortlock, D. J., Moscardini, L., Mota, D. F., Moustakas, L. A., Moutard, T., Müller, T., Munari, E., Murphree, G., Murray, C., Murray, N., Musi, P., Nadathur, S., Nagam, B. C., Nagao, T., Naidoo, K., Nakajima, R., Nally, C., Natoli, P., Navarro-Alsina, A., Girones, D. Navarro, Neissner, C., Nersesian, A., Nesseris, S., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Nicastro, L., Nichol, R. C., Nielbock, M., Niemi, S. -M., Nieto, S., Nilsson, K., Noller, J., Norberg, P., Nourizonoz, A., Ntelis, P., Nucita, A. A., Nugent, P., Nunes, N. J., Nutma, T., Ocampo, I., Odier, J., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Oliveira, D. Magalhaes, Onoue, M., Oosterbroek, T., Oppizzi, F., Ordenovic, C., Osato, K., Pacaud, F., Pace, F., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pagano, L., Page, M. J., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Pamuk, S., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Paolillo, M., Papaderos, P., Pardede, K., Parimbelli, G., Parmar, A., Partmann, C., Pasian, F., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pattison, C., Paulino-Afonso, A., Paviot, R., Peacock, J. A., Pearce, F. R., Pedersen, K., Peel, A., Peletier, R. F., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Pello, R., Penny, M. T., Percival, W. J., Perez-Garrido, A., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Pezzotta, A., Pezzuto, S., Philippon, A., Piersanti, O., Pietroni, M., Piga, L., Pilo, L., Pires, S., Pisani, A., Pizzella, A., Pizzuti, L., Plana, C., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Pöntinen, M., Pool, P., Popa, L. A., Popa, V., Popp, J., Porciani, C., Porth, L., Potter, D., Poulain, M., Pourtsidou, A., Pozzetti, L., Prandoni, I., Pratt, G. W., Prezelus, S., Prieto, E., Pugno, A., Quai, S., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Raccanelli, A., Rácz, G., Radinović, S., Radovich, M., Ragagnin, A., Ragnit, U., Raison, F., Ramos-Chernenko, N., Ranc, C., Raylet, N., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Reimberg, P., Reiprich, T. H., Renk, F., Renzi, A., Retre, J., Revaz, Y., Reylé, C., Reynolds, L., Rhodes, J., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Riccio, G., Ricken, S. O., Rissanen, S., Risso, I., Rix, H. -W., Robin, A. C., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rocci, P. -F., Rodenhuis, M., Rodighiero, G., Monroy, M. Rodriguez, Rollins, R. P., Romanello, M., Roman, J., Romelli, E., Romero-Gomez, M., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Roster, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rozas-Fernández, A., Ruane, K., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rudolph, A., Ruppin, F., Rusholme, B., Sacquegna, S., Sáez-Casares, I., Saga, S., Saglia, R., Sahlén, M., Saifollahi, T., Sakr, Z., Salvalaggio, J., Salvaterra, R., Salvati, L., Salvato, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sanchez, E., Sanders, D. B., Sapone, D., Saponara, M., Sarpa, E., Sarron, F., Sartori, S., Sassolas, B., Sauniere, L., Sauvage, M., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Scharré, L., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schindler, J. -T., Schinnerer, E., Schirmer, M., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, A., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schöneberg, N., Schrabback, T., Schultheis, M., Schulz, S., Schwartz, J., Sciotti, D., Scodeggio, M., Scognamiglio, D., Scott, D., Scottez, V., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sellentin, E., Selwood, M., Semboloni, E., Sereno, M., Serjeant, S., Serrano, S., Shankar, F., Sharples, R. M., Short, A., Shulevski, A., Shuntov, M., Sias, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Slezak, E., Sluse, D., Smith, G. P., Smith, L. C., Smith, R. E., Smit, S. J. A., Soldano, F., Solheim, B. G. B., Sorce, J. G., Sorrenti, F., Soubrie, E., Spinoglio, L., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stagnaro, L., Stanco, L., Stanford, S. A., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Stern, D., Stone, C., Strada, P., Strafella, F., Stramaccioni, D., Surace, C., Sureau, F., Suyu, S. H., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Szapudi, I., Taamoli, S., Talia, M., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tarrío, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. L., Teixeira, E. M., Tenti, M., Idiago, P. Teodoro, Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Testa, V., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Theret, N., Thizy, C., Thomas, P. D., Toba, Y., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tolstoy, E., Tommasi, E., Torbaniuk, O., Torradeflot, F., Tortora, C., Tosi, S., Tosti, S., Trifoglio, M., Troja, A., Trombetti, T., Tronconi, A., Tsedrik, M., Tsyganov, A., Tucci, M., Tutusaus, I., Uhlemann, C., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Vacher, L., Vaillon, L., Valdes, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Whalen, D. J., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'
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- 2024
21. Leader-Follower Identification with Vehicle-Following Calibration for Non-Lane-Based Traffic
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Kulkarni, Mihir Mandar, Chaudhari, Ankit Anil, Srinivasan, Karthik K., Chilukuri, Bhargava Rama, Treiber, Martin, and Okhrin, Ostap
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Physics - Physics and Society - Abstract
Most car-following models were originally developed for lane-based traffic. Over the past two decades, efforts have been made to calibrate car-following models for non-lane-based traffic. However, traffic conditions with varying vehicle dimensions, intermittent following, and multiple leaders often occur and make subjective Leader-Follower (LF) pair identification challenging. In this study, we analyze Vehicle Following (VF) behavior in traffic with a lack of lane discipline using high-resolution microscopic trajectory data collected in Chennai, India. The paper's main contributions are threefold. Firstly, three criteria are used to identify LF pairs from the driver's perspective, taking into account the intermittent following, lack of lane discipline due to consideration of lateral separation, and the presence of in-between vehicles. Second, the psycho-physical concept of the regime in the Wiedemann-99 model is leveraged to determine the traffic-dependent "influence zone" for LF identification. Third, a joint and consistent framework is proposed for identifying LF pairs and estimating VF parameters. The proposed methodology outperforms other heuristic-based LF identification methods from the literature in terms of quantitative and qualitative performance measures. The proposed approach can enable robust and more realistic LF identification and VF parameter calibration with practical applications such as LOS analysis, capacity, and travel time estimation.
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- 2024
22. X-ray observations of the Zwicky 3146 galaxy cluster reveal a 3.5 keV excess
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Bhargava, Sunayana, Giles, Paul, Romer, Kathy, Jeltema, Tesla, Hollowood, Devon, and Hilton, Matt
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
In this note, we present spectral fits of the well-documented sloshing cool-core cluster Zwicky 3146 ($z=0.291$), to test the existence of the highly speculated 3.5 keV line. We report excesses at $>3\sigma$ significance at $E=3.575$ keV, yielding a flux $F = 8.73_{-2.22}^{+2.17}$ $\times 10^{-6}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, in \textit{XMM-Newton}, and $E=3.55$ keV, with a flux $F = 10.0_{-2.96}^{+3.05}$ $\times 10^{-6}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in \textit{Chandra}. We explore the possibility that the 3.5 keV excess is correlated to the presence of cold gas within the cluster, based on optical and sub-mm literature analyses. Following the launch of the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), high resolution spectroscopy ($\leq 7$ eV) will reveal in unprecedented detail, the origin of this unidentified feature, for which Zwicky 3146 should be considered a viable target, due to the strength of the feature in two independent X-ray telescopes, opening a new window into plasma or charge exchange studies in galaxy clusters., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in the Research Notes of the AAS
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- 2024
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23. Enhancing Arterial Blood Flow Simulations through Physics-Informed Neural Networks
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Bhargava, Shivam and Chamakuri, Nagaiah
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
This study introduces a computational approach leveraging Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for the efficient computation of arterial blood flows, particularly focusing on solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by using the domain decomposition technique. Unlike conventional computational fluid dynamics methods, PINNs offer advantages by eliminating the need for discretized meshes and enabling the direct solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we propose the weighted Extended Physics-Informed Neural Networks (WXPINNs) and weighted Conservative Physics-Informed Neural Networks (WCPINNs), tailored for detailed hemodynamic simulations based on generalized space-time domain decomposition techniques. The inclusion of multiple neural networks enhances the representation capacity of the weighted PINN methods. Furthermore, the weighted PINNs can be efficiently trained in parallel computing frameworks by employing separate neural networks for each sub-domain. We show that PINNs simulation results circumvent backflow instabilities, underscoring a notable advantage of employing PINNs over traditional numerical methods to solve such complex blood flow models. They naturally address such challenges within their formulations. The presented numerical results demonstrate that the proposed weighted PINNs outperform traditional PINNs settings, where sub-PINNs are applied to each subdomain separately. This study contributes to the integration of deep learning methodologies with fluid mechanics, paving the way for accurate and efficient high-fidelity simulations in biomedical applications, particularly in modeling arterial blood flow.
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- 2024
24. Hydrodynamical simulations favor a pure deflagration origin of the near-Chandrasekhar mass supernova remnant 3C 397
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Mehta, Vrutant, Sullivan, Jack, Fisher, Robert, Ohshiro, Yuken, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Bhargava, Khanak, and Neopane, Sudarshan
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Suzaku X-ray observations of the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 397 discovered exceptionally high mass ratios of Mn/Fe, Ni/Fe, and Cr/Fe, consistent with a near $M_{\rm Ch}$ progenitor white dwarf (WD). The Suzaku observations have established 3C 397 as our best candidate for a near-$M_{\rm Ch}$ SNR Ia, and opened the way to address additional outstanding questions about the origin and explosion mechanism of these transients. In particular, subsequent XMM-Newton observations revealed an unusually clumpy distribution of iron group elemental (IGE) abundances within the ejecta of 3C 397. In this paper, we undertake a suite of two dimensional hydrodynamical models, varying both the explosion mechanism -- either deflagration-to-detonation (DDT), or pure deflagration -- WD progenitors, and WD progenitor metallicity, and analyze their detailed nucleosynthetic abundances and associated clumping. We find that pure deflagrations naturally give rise to clumpy distributions of neutronized species concentrated towards the outer limb of the remnant, and confirm DDTs have smoothly structured ejecta with a central concentration of neutronization. Our findings indicate that 3C 397 was most likely a pure deflagration of a high central density WD. We discuss a range of implications of these findings for the broader SN Ia progenitor problem., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, Stable mean nucleosynthetic yields' datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10927265 . Comments are welcome
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- 2024
25. Study of Potassium in Synovial Fluid as an Aid in Determining the Time Since Death
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Sharma, Anushree, Bohra, Bhavesh, and Bhargava, A.K.
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- 2019
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26. On Fractional Kinetic Equations Involving Srivastava Polynomial
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Sharma, Komal Prasad, Bhargava, Alok, and Saini, Omprakash
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Mathematical Physics ,26A33, 33E12, 33E20, 44A99 - Abstract
Kinetic equations hold a very important place in physics and further their fractional generalization enhances the scope of their applicability and significance in describing the continuity of motion in materials. After the development of generalized form of fractional kinetic equations, many researchers proffered several new forms of these equations and found their solutions by different techniques. In this work, we have proposed some novel generalised fractional kinetic equations involving the Srivastava polynomial and, by applying the Laplace transform approach, their solutions are calculated. Further, to study the behaviour of these, numerical and graphical interpretation of the solutions are also provided., Comment: 10 pages
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- 2024
27. The XMM Cluster Survey: Automating the estimation of hydrostatic mass for large samples of galaxy clusters I -- Methodology, Validation, & Application to the SDSSRM-XCS sample
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Turner, D. J., Giles, P. A., Romer, A. K., Pilling, J., Lingard, T. K., Wilkinson, R., Hilton, M., Upsdell, E. W., Al-Serkal, R., Cheng, T., Eappen, R., Rooney, P. J., Bhargava, S., Collins, C. A., Mayers, J., Miller, C., Nichol, R. C., Sahén, M., and Viana, P. T. P.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We describe features of the X-ray: Generate and Analyse (XGA) open-source software package that have been developed to facilitate automated hydrostatic mass ($M_{\rm hydro}$) measurements from XMM X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies. This includes describing how XGA measures global, and radial, X-ray properties of galaxy clusters. We then demonstrate the reliability of XGA by comparing simple X-ray properties, namely the X-ray temperature and gas mass, with published values presented by the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS), the Ultimate XMM eXtragaLactic survey project (XXL), and the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). XGA measured values for temperature are, on average, within 1% of the values reported in the literature for each sample. XGA gas masses for XXL clusters are shown to be ${\sim}$10% lower than previous measurements (though the difference is only significant at the $\sim$1.8$\sigma$ level), LoCuSS $R_{2500}$ and $R_{500}$ gas mass re-measurements are 3% and 7% lower respectively (representing a 1.5$\sigma$ and 3.5$\sigma$ difference). Like-for-like comparisons of hydrostatic mass are made to LoCuSS results, which show that our measurements are $10{\pm}3%$ ($19{\pm}7%$) higher for $R_{2500}$ ($R_{500}$). The comparison between $R_{500}$ masses shows significant scatter. Finally, we present new $M_{\rm hydro}$ measurements for 104 clusters from the SDSS DR8 redMaPPer XCS sample (SDSSRM-XCS). Our SDSSRM-XCS hydrostatic mass measurements are in good agreement with multiple literature estimates, and represent one of the largest samples of consistently measured hydrostatic masses. We have demonstrated that XGA is a powerful tool for X-ray analysis of clusters; it will render complex-to-measure X-ray properties accessible to non-specialists., Comment: 24 pages (18 + 6 appendices), 15 figures, submitted to MNRAS; see https://github.com/DavidT3/XCS-Mass-Paper-I-Analysis for the code and samples
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- 2024
28. Linear stability of cylindrical, multicomponent vesicles
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Venkatesh, Anirudh, Bhargava, Aman, and Narsimhan, Vivek
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Vesicles are important surrogate structures made up of multiple phospholipids and cholesterol distributed in the form of a lipid bilayer. Tubular vesicles can undergo pearling i.e., formation of beads on the liquid thread akin to the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. Previous studies have inspected the effects of surface tension on the pearling instabilities of single-component vesicles. In this study, we perform a linear stability analysis on a multicomponent cylindrical vesicle. We solve the Stokes equations along with the Cahn-Hilliard equations to develop the linearized dynamic equations governing the vesicle shape and surface concentration fields. This helps us show that multicomponent vesicles can undergo pearling, buckling, and wrinkling even in the absence of surface tension, which is a significantly different result from studies on single-component vesicles. This behaviour arises due to the competition between the free energies of phase separation, line tension, and bending for this multi-phospholipid system. We determine the conditions under which axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric modes are dominant, and supplement our results with an energy analysis that shows the sources for these instabilities. We further show that these trends qualitatively match recent experiments.
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- 2024
29. A study guide for the $\ell^2$ decoupling theorem for the paraboloid
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Bhargava, Ataleshvara, Chan, Tiklung, Lim, Zi Li, and Pang, Yixuan
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,42B15, 42-02 - Abstract
This article serves as a study guide for the $\ell^2$ decoupling theorem for the paraboloid originally proved by Bourgain and Demeter. Given its popularity and importance, many expositions about the $\ell^2$ decoupling theorem already exist. Our study guide is intended to complement and combine these existing resources in order to provide a more gentle introduction to the subject., Comment: 77 pages, 3 figures. Study guide written at UPenn Study Guide Writing Workshop 2023 https://sites.google.com/view/studyguideworkshop2023/home
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- 2024
30. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Weak Gravitational Lensing by eRASS1 selected Galaxy Clusters
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Grandis, S., Ghirardini, V., Bocquet, S., Garrel, C., Mohr, J. J., Liu, A., Kluge, M., Kimmig, L., Reiprich, T. H., Alarcon, A., Amon, A., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G., Bulbul, E., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, R., Chiu, I., Choi, A., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Cordero, J., Davis, C., Derose, J., Diehl, H. T., Dodelson, S., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eckert, K., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Ferte, A., Gatt, M., Giannini, G., Giles, P., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Harrison, I., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Huf, E. M., Kleinebreil, F., Kuropatkin, N., Leget, P. F., Maccrann, N., Mccullough, J., Merloni, A., Myles, J., Nandra, K., Navarro-Alsina, A., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Pandey, S., Prat, J., Predehl, P., Ramos, M., Raveri, M., Rollins, R. P., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, C., Sanders, J., Schrabback, T., Secco, L. F., Seppi, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shin, T., Troxel, M., Tutusaus, I., Varga, T. N., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Yin, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Alves, O., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Friedel, D., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeffrey, N., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Ogando, R. L. C., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Weaverdyck, N., and Weller, J.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Number counts of galaxy clusters across redshift are a powerful cosmological probe, if a precise and accurate reconstruction of the underlying mass distribution is performed -- a challenge called mass calibration. With the advent of wide and deep photometric surveys, weak gravitational lensing by clusters has become the method of choice to perform this measurement. We measure and validate the weak gravitational lensing (WL) signature in the shape of galaxies observed in the first 3 years of the DES Y3 caused by galaxy clusters selected in the first all-sky survey performed by SRG/eROSITA. These data are then used to determine the scaling between X-ray photon count rate of the clusters and their halo mass and redshift. We empirically determine the degree of cluster member contamination in our background source sample. The individual cluster shear profiles are then analysed with a Bayesian population model that self-consistently accounts for the lens sample selection and contamination, and includes marginalization over a host of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. To quantify the accuracy of the mass extraction of that model, we perform mass measurements on mock cluster catalogs with realistic synthetic shear profiles. This allows us to establish that hydro-dynamical modelling uncertainties at low lens redshifts ($z<0.6$) are the dominant systematic limitation. At high lens redshift the uncertainties of the sources' photometric redshift calibration dominate. With regard to the X-ray count rate to halo mass relation, we constrain all its parameters. This work sets the stage for a joint analysis with the number counts of eRASS1 clusters to constrain a host of cosmological parameters. We demonstrate that WL mass calibration of galaxy clusters can be performed successfully with source galaxies whose calibration was performed primarily for cosmic shear experiments., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, 2 appendices, submitted to A\&A
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- 2024
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31. SynthDST: Synthetic Data is All You Need for Few-Shot Dialog State Tracking
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Kulkarni, Atharva, Tseng, Bo-Hsiang, Moniz, Joel Ruben Antony, Piraviperumal, Dhivya, Yu, Hong, and Bhargava, Shruti
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
In-context learning with Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising avenue of research in Dialog State Tracking (DST). However, the best-performing in-context learning methods involve retrieving and adding similar examples to the prompt, requiring access to labeled training data. Procuring such training data for a wide range of domains and applications is time-consuming, expensive, and, at times, infeasible. While zero-shot learning requires no training data, it significantly lags behind the few-shot setup. Thus, `\textit{Can we efficiently generate synthetic data for any dialogue schema to enable few-shot prompting?}' Addressing this question, we propose \method, a data generation framework tailored for DST, utilizing LLMs. Our approach only requires the dialogue schema and a few hand-crafted dialogue templates to synthesize natural, coherent, and free-flowing dialogues with DST annotations. Few-shot learning using data from {\method} results in $4-5%$ improvement in Joint Goal Accuracy over the zero-shot baseline on MultiWOZ 2.1 and 2.4. Remarkably, our few-shot learning approach recovers nearly $98%$ of the performance compared to the few-shot setup using human-annotated training data. Our synthetic data and code can be accessed at https://github.com/apple/ml-synthdst, Comment: 9 pages. 4 figures, EACL 2024 main conference
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- 2024
32. Can Large Language Models Understand Context?
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Zhu, Yilun, Moniz, Joel Ruben Antony, Bhargava, Shruti, Lu, Jiarui, Piraviperumal, Dhivya, Li, Site, Zhang, Yuan, Yu, Hong, and Tseng, Bo-Hsiang
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Understanding context is key to understanding human language, an ability which Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly seen to demonstrate to an impressive extent. However, though the evaluation of LLMs encompasses various domains within the realm of Natural Language Processing, limited attention has been paid to probing their linguistic capability of understanding contextual features. This paper introduces a context understanding benchmark by adapting existing datasets to suit the evaluation of generative models. This benchmark comprises of four distinct tasks and nine datasets, all featuring prompts designed to assess the models' ability to understand context. First, we evaluate the performance of LLMs under the in-context learning pretraining scenario. Experimental results indicate that pre-trained dense models struggle with understanding more nuanced contextual features when compared to state-of-the-art fine-tuned models. Second, as LLM compression holds growing significance in both research and real-world applications, we assess the context understanding of quantized models under in-context-learning settings. We find that 3-bit post-training quantization leads to varying degrees of performance reduction on our benchmark. We conduct an extensive analysis of these scenarios to substantiate our experimental results., Comment: Findings of EACL 2024
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- 2024
33. AstroSat and NICER timing view of the Z-type Neutron Star X-ray binary GX 340+0
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Pahari, Mayukh, Suman, Shree, Bhargava, Yash, Weston, Alexander, Zhang, Liang, Bhattacharyya, Sudip, Misra, Ranjeev, and McHardy, Ian
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The timing properties of the Z-type low-mass X-ray binaries provide insights into the emission components involved in producing the unique Z-shaped track in the hardness-intensity diagrams of these sources. In this work, we investigate the AstroSat and NICER observations of the GX 340+0 covering the complete 'Z'-track from the horizontal branch (HB) to the extended flaring branch (EFB). For the first time, we present the Z-track as seen in soft X-rays using the AstroSat/SXT and NICER (the soft colour is defined as a ratio of 3-6 keV to 0.5-3 keV). The shape of the track is distinctly different in soft X-rays, strongly suggesting the presence of additional components active in soft X-rays. The detailed timing analysis revealed significant quasi-periodic oscillation throughout the HB and the normal branch (NB) using LAXPC and the first NICER detection of 33.1 +/- 1.1 Hz horizontal branch oscillation (HBO) in 3-6 keV. The oscillations at the HB/NB vertex are observed to have higher frequencies (41-52 Hz) than the HB oscillations (16-31 Hz) and NB oscillations (6.2-8 Hz) but significantly lower rms (~1.6%). The HB oscillation is also limited to the energy range of 3-20 keV, indicating an association of HBO origin with the non-thermal component. It is also supported by earlier studies that found the strongest X-ray polarisation during HB., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in the MNRAS
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- 2024
34. Conformal Prediction Sets Improve Human Decision Making
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Cresswell, Jesse C., Sui, Yi, Kumar, Bhargava, and Vouitsis, Noël
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
In response to everyday queries, humans explicitly signal uncertainty and offer alternative answers when they are unsure. Machine learning models that output calibrated prediction sets through conformal prediction mimic this human behaviour; larger sets signal greater uncertainty while providing alternatives. In this work, we study the usefulness of conformal prediction sets as an aid for human decision making by conducting a pre-registered randomized controlled trial with conformal prediction sets provided to human subjects. With statistical significance, we find that when humans are given conformal prediction sets their accuracy on tasks improves compared to fixed-size prediction sets with the same coverage guarantee. The results show that quantifying model uncertainty with conformal prediction is helpful for human-in-the-loop decision making and human-AI teams., Comment: Published at ICML 2024. Code available at https://github.com/layer6ai-labs/hitl-conformal-prediction
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- 2024
35. SPT Clusters with DES and HST Weak Lensing. II. Cosmological Constraints from the Abundance of Massive Halos
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Bocquet, S., Grandis, S., Bleem, L. E., Klein, M., Mohr, J. J., Schrabback, T., Abbott, T. M. C., Ade, P. A. R., Aguena, M., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Allen, S. W., Alves, O., Amon, A., Anderson, A. J., Annis, J., Ansarinejad, B., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Bayliss, M., Beall, J. A., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bernstein, G. M., Bhargava, S., Bianchini, F., Brodwin, M., Brooks, D., Bryant, L., Campos, A., Canning, R. E. A., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C. L., Chang, C., Chaubal, P., Chen, R., Chiang, H. C., Choi, A., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Cordero, J., Costanzi, M., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, C., Davis, T. M., DeRose, J., Desai, S., de Haan, T., Diehl, H. T., Dobbs, M. A., Dodelson, S., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eckert, K., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Everett, W., Ferrero, I., Ferté, A., Flores, A. M., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., George, E. M., Giannini, G., Gladders, M. D., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Halverson, N. W., Harrison, I., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Hinton, S. R., Holder, G. P., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Huff, E. M., Huterer, D., Irwin, K. D., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Khullar, G., Kim, K., Knox, L., Kraft, R., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Kéruzoré, F., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Leget, P. -F., Li, D., Lin, H., Lowitz, A., MacCrann, N., Mahler, G., Mantz, A., Marshall, J. L., McCullough, J., McDonald, M., McMahon, J. J., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Montgomery, J., Myles, J., Natoli, T., Navarro-Alsina, A., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pandey, S., Paschos, P., Patil, S., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Prat, J., Pryke, C., Raveri, M., Reichardt, C. L., Roberson, J., Rollins, R. P., Romero, C., Roodman, A., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Salvati, L., Sánchez, C., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Saro, A., Schaffer, K. K., Secco, L. F., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sharon, K., Sheldon, E., Shin, T., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Somboonpanyakul, T., Sommer, M., Stalder, B., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Strazzullo, V., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, C., Tutusaus, I., Varga, T. N., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Vikhlinin, A., von der Linden, A., Wang, G., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yanny, B., Yefremenko, V., Yin, B., Young, M., Zebrowski, J. A., Zhang, Y., Zohren, H., and Zuntz, J.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We present cosmological constraints from the abundance of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data with a simultaneous mass calibration using weak gravitational lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The cluster sample is constructed from the combined SPT-SZ, SPTpol ECS, and SPTpol 500d surveys, and comprises 1,005 confirmed clusters in the redshift range $0.25-1.78$ over a total sky area of 5,200 deg$^2$. We use DES Year 3 weak-lensing data for 688 clusters with redshifts $z<0.95$ and HST weak-lensing data for 39 clusters with $0.6
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- 2024
36. A Comprehensive Survey on Generative AI for Metaverse: Enabling Immersive Experience
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Chamola, Vinay, Sai, Siva, Bhargava, Animesh, Sahu, Ashis, Jiang, Wenchao, Xiong, Zehui, Niyato, Dusit, and Hussain, Amir
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- 2024
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37. The effect of gadolinium-doped ceria interlayer on the oxygen reduction reaction in a LSCF cathode-ScSZ electrolyte supported IT-SOFCs
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Nisar, Jamila, Giddey, Sarbjit, Kaur, Gurpreet, Kulkarni, Aniruddha P., Biswas, Saheli, Jones, Lathe A., and Bhargava, Suresh K.
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- 2024
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38. Efficient White Light-Emitting Ag-doped CeO2 Nanoparticles Exhibiting Color Temperature Tunability and High Color Rendering
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Kiran, M., Leel, N. S., Dalela, B., Khan, Mohd. A., Bhargava, A., Lovevanshi, D., Alvi, P. A., Kumar, Shalendra, and Dalela, S.
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- 2024
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39. Bug prediction based on deep neural network with reptile search optimization to enhance software reliability
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Garg, Renu and Bhargava, Anamika
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- 2024
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40. Age-stratified Assessment of Brain Volumetric Segmentation on the Indian Population Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Syed Nasser, Nisha, Venugopal, Vasantha K., Veenstra, Cynthia, Johansson, Peter, Rajan, Sriram, Mahajan, Kabir, Naik, Swati, Masand, Ravi, Yadav, Pratiksha, Khanduri, Sachin, Singhal, Suman, Bhargava, Rajat, Kabra, Utkarsh, Gupta, Sanjay, Saggar, Kavita, Varaprasad, Balaji, Aggrawal, Kushagra, Rao, Adinarayana, K.S., Manoj, Dakhole, Atul, Kelkar, Abhimanyu, Benjamin, Geena, Sodani, Varsha, Goyal, Pradeep, and Mahajan, Harsh
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- 2024
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41. CRISPR/Cas12a ribonucleoprotein mediated editing of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase of Spodoptera frugiperda
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Yogi, Dhawane, Ashok, Karuppannasamy, Anu, Cholenahalli Narayanappa, Shashikala, Thalooru, Pradeep, Chalapathy, Bhargava, Chikmagalur Nagaraja, Parvathy, Madhusoodanan Sujatha, Jithesh, M. N., Manamohan, Maligeppagol, Jha, Girish Kumar, and Asokan, Ramasamy
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- 2024
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42. Single cell, Label free Characterisation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal cell Stemness and Future Growth Potential by Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging
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Campbell, Jared M., Habibalahi, Abbas, Agha, Adnan, Handley, Shannon, Knab, Aline, Xu, Xiaohu, Bhargava, Akanksha, Lei, Zhilin, Mackevicius, Max, Tian, Yuan, Mahbub, Saabah B., Anwer, Ayad G., Gronthos, Stan, Paton, Sharon, Grey, Shane T., Wu, Lindsay, Gilchrist, Robert B., and Goldys, Ewa M.
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- 2024
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43. Realizing Textbook Outcomes Following Liver Resection for Hepatic Neoplasms with Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram
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Gundavda, Kaival K., Patkar, Shraddha, Kannan, Sadhana, Varty, Gurudutt P., Nandy, Kunal, Shah, Tanvi, Polusany, Kaushik, Solanki, Sohan Lal, Kulkarni, Suyash, Shetty, Nitin, Gala, Kunal, Ostwal, Vikas, Ramaswamy, Anant, Bhargava, Prabhat, and Goel, Mahesh
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- 2024
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44. On-tree fruit detection system using Darknet-19 based SSD network
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Agarwal, Diwakar and Bhargava, Anuja
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- 2024
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45. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus Following Osteomyelitis of Maxilla: The Disease of Diseased
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Bhargava, Aksha, Singh, Vikas Kunwar, Tiwari, Ruchika, Singh, Yashpal, and Gaikwad, Prashansa
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- 2024
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46. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in elderly and very elderly patients: safety, outcomes, and quality of life
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Tabaja, Chadi, Younis, Arwa, Santangeli, Pasquale, Madden, Ruth, Taigen, Tyler, Farwati, Medhat, Hayashi, Katsuhide, Braghieri, Lorenzo, Rickard, John, Klein, Benjamin M., Paul, Aritra, Dresing, Thomas J., Martin, David O., Bhargava, Mandeep, Kanj, Mohamed, Sroubek, Jakub, Nakagawa, Hiroshi, Saliba, Walid I., Wazni, Oussama M., and Hussein, Ayman A.
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- 2024
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47. Improved error estimates for the Davenport–Heilbronn theorems
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Bhargava, Manjul, Taniguchi, Takashi, and Thorne, Frank
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- 2024
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48. SeqCode: A Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes
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Lata, Pushp, Bhargava, Vatsal, Gupta, Sonal, Singh, Ajaib, Bala, Kiran, and Lal, Rup
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- 2024
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49. In-silico Based Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family in Beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)
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Tiwari, Shivani, Vaish, Swati, Singh, Nootan, Basantani, Mahesh, and Bhargava, Atul
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- 2024
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50. Fire Performance of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns
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Chandra, Shashank, Sharma, Umesh Kumar, Green, Mark, Gales, John, and Bhargava, Pradeep
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- 2024
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