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We report a detailed CO(1-0) survey of a galaxy protocluster field at z = 2.16, based on 475 h of observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We constructed a large mosaic of 13 individual pointings, covering an area of 21 arcmin2 and ±6500 km s-1 range in velocity. We obtained a robust sample of 46 CO(1-0) detections spanning z = 2.09 - 2.22, constituting the largest sample of molecular gas measurements in protoclusters to date. The CO emitters show an overdensity at z = 2.12 - 2.21, suggesting a galaxy super-protocluster or a protocluster connected to large-scale filaments of ∼120 cMpc in size. We find that 90% of CO emitters have distances >0.′5-4′ to the center galaxy, indicating that small area surveys would miss the majority of gas reservoirs in similar structures. Half of the CO emitters have velocities larger than escape velocities, which appears gravitationally unbound to the cluster core. These unbound sources are barely found within the R200 radius around the center, which is consistent with a picture in which the cluster core is collapsed while outer regions are still in formation. Compared to other protoclusters, this structure contains a relatively higher number of CO emitters with relatively narrow line widths and high luminosities, indicating galaxy mergers. We used these CO emitters to place the first constraint on the CO luminosity function and molecular gas density in an overdense environment. The amplitude of the CO luminosity function is 1.6 ± 0.5 orders of magnitude higher than that observed for field galaxy samples at z ∼ 2, and one order of magnitude higher than predictions for galaxy protoclusters from semi-analytical SHARK models. We derive a high molecular gas density of 0.6 - 1.3 × 109Mpdbl cMpc-3 for this structure, which is consistent with predictions for cold gas density of massive structures from hydro-dynamical DIANOGA simulations.

Objective: Infections are a serious complication of thermal injury. Excision and grafting have led to a decrease in incidence, but to ensure successful skin grafting, antimicrobial irrigants are frequently utilized to prevent infection. A safe, efficacious, and cost-effective irrigant capable of preventing infections would be a valuable adjunctive therapy. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the test article was noninferior to current therapy in controlling infection and reducing postoperative pain in patients with skin graft. Methods: Patients with burns requiring skin grafting were randomized to hypochlorous acid or 5% Sulfamylon solution as topical dressings postoperatively. Inclusion criteria included thermal injury 20% or more total body surface area requiring excision and autografting, and age 18 years or more. Exclusion criteria included pregnant females, chlorine sensitivity, and electrical/chemical/cold injuries. The following outcomes were assessed: patient demographics, graft viability, infection, pain score, narcotic usage, adverse events, and cost. Results: Treatment groups were demographically equivalent. There were no differences in adverse or serious adverse events between the 2 groups. Graft viability and infection rate were equivalent between the 2 groups. In addition, pain scores and narcotic usage were similar. Hypochlorous acid was significantly less expensive than 5% Sulfamylon solution. Conclusions: Hypochlorous acid demonstrated equivalent efficacy and safety compared with 5% Sulfamylon when used as the postoperative topical dressing for skin grafts. Hypochlorous acid was more cost-effective. This pilot study was limited by its small sample size. However, hypochlorous acid shows promise as a topical wound dressing and further study with larger groups is warranted.

We establish a transference inequality conjectured by Badziahin and Bugeaud relating exponents of rational approximation of points in geometric progression., 3 pages

This concept paper focuses on strategies for finding and characterizing such early Universe (z > 3) dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), with particular focus on pushing toward higher redshifts when DSFG formation scenarios place more stringent constraints on the formation of the earliest massive galaxies

Imaging the cool molecular gas in distant galaxies, the fuel for star formation, at

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to impact the welfare of dairy calves and the economics of dairy production. As a common cause of morbidity and mortality among dairy calves, BRD was responsible for 46.5% of deaths after weaning and was observed in 11.2% of weaned animals on heifer-raising operations. Costs involved with the disease reach beyond the treatment of clinically ill animals and include reduced growth, reduced milk production, impaired fertility, and premature culling in the first lactation. The prompt and correct diagnosis of BRD is challenging on farms, especially in weaned dairy calves. Weaned dairy calves are typically housed in larger group pens where there is often a lack of restraint and where it is more difficult to monitor them closely. As a result of challenges in correctly diagnosing BRD, cases often become neglected until they are more severe. Several clinical scoring systems to detect BRD in calves have been published. However, available BRD scoring systems for weaned dairy calves are mostly based on data from calves experimentally infected with specific pathogens. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a scoring system for weaned dairy calves housed in group pens in an on-farm setting that minimizes calf handling., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2018

Raising calves to maturity is vital for both the dairy and beef industry. Diarrhea is the leading cause of poor weight gain and death in neonatal calves and contributes to major economic losses in the dairy and beef industries. Antimicrobials are often ineffective against the common pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. Zinc-supplemented oral rehydration salt (ORS) therapy has been effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in children with diarrhea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral inorganic and organic zinc supplementation as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal calves., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2012

Many innovations have been proposed by research institutes and agricultural development bodies in the French overseas territories [Départements Outre-Mer (Dom)] – Reunion and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Caribbean, and Guyana in South America. The lack of transfer of these innovations remains a weak point of agricultural development in these territories. In particular, this has applied to the sugarcane sector in Reunion, comprising 3,000 cane growers operating on 24,000 hectares of land. To counter these difficulties, a network for innovation and agricultural technology transfer (Réseau d'Innovation et de Transfert Agricole, RITA) has been established to bring together growers and other participants - from research to training - according to their specialised areas of expertise. In order to meet the growers' requirements, a survey was conducted to identify their specific needs. The results revealed a strong demand for agronomic guidance in terms of fertiliser practices, weed control, choice of varieties, irrigation management, etc. Small-scale trials were subsequently established to identify technical improvements within particular study areas and encourage growers to take advantage of these innovations. The transfer mechanism of trial results is based on a dynamic network of participants who are acquainted with the day-to-day realities of farming, thereby facilitating the adoption of the innovations. Growers, in collaboration with an assigned extension technician, can implement a changed practice (based on research results) in a particular block of cane, by comparing it with their usual techniques. This process provides growers, extension technician, institutional agronomists and researchers with fresh opportunities to interact, share their expertise and identify further needs. The demonstration trials also enable the extension technicians to meet and improve their technical recommendations. They also allow researchers to more fully understand real-life situations in the field, which sometimes, are quite different from those encountered during their experiences in research trials. This network, that allows solutions to be developed through the breaking down of barriers, facilitates the exchange of information and involvement of all participants within the agricultural sectors of the five overseas territories within Dom. It also allows interaction of several agricultural sectors within the same network. Each network, based on a common organisation managed by local governance, a steering committee, and a coordinator, adapts its operations to the specificities of its territory or, where necessary, of its sector. A national coordinating unit facilitates exchange of information between networks, particularly via the implementation of working groups on themes of mutual interest on an inter-Dom and/or inter- sector basis. For example, the sugarcane sector takes part in working groups on fertiliser management, cover crops, etc., the running of an information system (http://coatis.rita- dom.fr), and the organisation of inter-Dom technical days.