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Sickle cell disease remains a major public health problem in Burkina Faso and Africa. For the management of this pathology in young children, the Institute for Research in Health Sciences has developed an herbal drug called FACA® syrup. The objective of this study was to verify the safety and pharmacological efficacy of this formulation for its use in the management of sickle cell disease. Acute and subacute oral toxicity tests were performed on Wistar rats in accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines and anti-sickling activity of FACA® syrup was evaluated according to the Emmel test. In the acute test, FACA® syrup didn’t cause mortality or any behavioral change at dose of 2000 mg/kg/b.w suggesting that the test product estimated LD50 is 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of subacute toxicity study indicate that the daily administration of FACA® syrup during 28 days did not result in significant change on physical, haematological and biochemical parameters up to dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w. The evaluation of effect of FACA® syrup in vitro on sickling revealed that, FACA® syrup possesses a real antisickling activity. Regarding these results FACA® syrup would be considered as safe in both acute and subacute exposure and could be used in the management of sickle cell diseases. Keywords: FACA® syrup, oral toxicity, sickle cell anemia, Antisickling activity

A survey was conducted in the central region of Burkina Faso to find out about women's menopause-related disorders and their treatment in traditional medicine. Fifty-six (56) species have been identified to treat different symptoms such as hot flashes, insomnia, nausea, joint and muscle pain, itching, lower abdominal pain, edema, mood disorders, vertigo. Leaves and stem bark were the most recommended in the preparation of recipes, at 43 and 39% respectively. The majority of the species (60.72%) was local food plants with a high use value (UVs ≥ 0.50). Many chemical groups including alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, anthraquinones, carotenoids, anthracenosides, phenolic acids, coumarins, capable of reducing or eliminating these different symptoms exist in these plants. Also, the presence of several mineral elements such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na), Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Iodine (I), Vitamins A, B, C, F, K, P, E, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, resins and gum show the importance of these plants in human nutrition. These local plants are therefore potential sources for the development of new natural nutraceuticals in the management of menopausal period in women. Key words: Menopause, medicinal plants, nutrients, phytoestrogens.

Aims: To investigate ovicidal and larvicidal activities of an aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic macerate (HEM) extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis. Study Design: In vitro, the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of AD and HEM extracts and fractions of the leaves of Saba senegalensis on the eggs and larvae (L1) of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) between June 2015 and December 2016. Methodology: The phytochemical groups of the extract and fractions of Saba senegalensis were determined by a colorimetric and Thin Layer Chromatography methods. The eggs were obtained from feces of mice deliberately infected and the larvae from the eggs were incubated at 25 ±2℃ for 72 hours. Eggs and larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations (100; 625; 1250; 2500; 3750 µg/mL) of the different extracts, 48 hours and 24 hours for the eggs and larvae respectively. Distilled water and DMSO 0.1% were used as negative controls while albendazole and levamisole were used as positive controls. Results: The phytochemical groups of interest are the tannins, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenes. The negative control had given 2.16% of egg hatch inhibition and 0% of larvae mortality mean while the positive control had given 100% in both cases. The extracts inhibited eggs hatching and affected larval survival. Pharmacological effects were concentration-dependent. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of HEM is more interesting than that of AD with an Emax = 95.60% and an IC50 = 390 µg/mL. It is the same for the larvicidal activity with Emax = 100% and an LC50 = 900 µg/mL. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results show the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of the S. senegalensis leaves.

Acacia seyal and Acacia tortilis are used in the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional medicine by population in Northern Burkina Faso. Phytochemical screening by tube test and on HPTLC plates showed the presence of important chemical compounds in these plants. Determination of total phenolic content using method of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) and antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, showed that this biological activity is related to phenolic content. The trunk bark of A. tortilis had an important antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.01±0.01 µg/mL due to its highest content (p

Aims: We aimed in this study to investigate the mechanisms of the vasorelaxation effect caused by the anthocyanins-enriched extract of Odontonema strictum flowers. Study Design: Anthocyanins-enriched extract of Odontonema strictum flowers and vasorelaxantes activities of mice aortic rings. Place and Duration of Study: The flowers of Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae) were collected in January 2015 at the “Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)” experimental station in Ouagadougou. The experiments were conducted in October - November 2018 at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH)/IRSS. Methodology: The extract was enriched in anthocyanins using Amberlite XAD-7 non-ionic resin column. The vasorelaxant activity of anthocyanins-enriched extract of O. strictum flowers (OSF) was tested using isolated organ-chamber technique with mice aorta rings. Results: OSF showed concentration-dependent relaxant effects on mice endothelium intact or denuded aortic rings pre-contracted with U46619 (10-7 M) and KCl (80 mM). OSF induced relaxation in the mice aortic rings by stimulating smooth muscle cells. The vasorelaxant effect of OSF (10-1000 µg/mL) was similar in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The maximum relaxant effect was 93.78 ± 4.69% and 92.30 ± 3.19% for endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings, respectively. Moreover, after incubation of the aorta rings with OSF (400 µg/mL) or vehicle (0.02% of DMSO) in PSS, OSF blocked the contraction through mechanism involving inhibition of CaCl2 and U46619 effect. Conclusions: The present study provides a pharmacological evidence for the antihypertensive medicinal use of Odontonema strictum by highlighting its vasorelaxant activity.

Considered safe because being from natural origin, plant products can exhibit toxic effects during their use. To ensure safe use of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), plant widely used for its therapeutic potential, the phytochemical and safety profiles of its root wood were investigated. Standard tube characterization tests were used to highlight phytochemical groups of root wood of the plant. Acute and subacute toxicity tests were carried out in Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpens, polyphenols, reducing compounds, and flavonoids in root wood of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis). In toxicological studies, the results indicate that the aqueous extract has a low acute toxicity with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of subacute toxicity study indicate that the mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.w. of extract experienced mildly decreased body weights in comparison with the control in non-significant manner, especially at the fourth week. After 28 days of treatment, apart aspartate aminotransferase (AST), no significant changes were found in the blood serum biochemical parameters such as total proteins, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, creatinin, and lipid levels of the treated mice in comparision with the control group. In view of the current results, A. senegalensis root wood aqueous extract would be considered as safe in both acute and subacute exposure. However, long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies. Key words: Annona senegalensis, blood chemistry, Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, phytochemical compounds, sex-related toxicity, traditional medicine.

Aims: To evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts of Saba senegalensis leaves. Study Design: In vitro antioxidant assay and in vivo anti-inflammatory, analgesic assay of Saba senegalensis extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Saba senegalensis leaves, were collected in the Centre Region of Burkina Faso, in June–July 2015. The experiments were conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Science (IRSS). Methodology: The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and the analgesic with acetic acid and investigate effect on isolated organ were carried out. The standards were acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol. Results: After five hours of carrageenan-induced edema test, aqueous decoction (AD) presented better inhibition on all measure. In fact, at the different doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg it presented percentages of inhibitions respectively of 30.81%, 62.27% and 72.71%. For the analgesic test, the hydroethanol macerate (HEM) showed a better pain reduction compared to the AD with a maximum effect of 77.28% at 400 mg/kg. Antioxidant activity with AD and his fractions shows that AD showed a better activity for the DPPH assay with an IC50 of 1.74 ± 0.10 μg/mL and a reducing power of 59.53 ± 2.16 mmol ET/g Sample. For HEM and his fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction (FHEM-AcOEt) showed a better IC50 of 0.18 ± 0.01 μg/mL for the DPPH test and dichloromethane fraction (FHEM-DCM) a reducing power agent of 88.88 ± 2.65 mmol ET/g Sample. All fractions were endowed with antioxidant properties by both methods. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds could explain the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of these extracts.

Waltheria indica L. (Malvaceae) is a plant used in Burkina Faso for the treatment of various ailments including asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacological relaxant effect of the leafy stem extracts of Waltheria indica and thereby verify claim of use in treating asthma. Aqueous decoction and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the powdered leafy stems were screened for the presence of some phytoconstituents. The in vitro relaxant effect of the two extracts was evaluated on acetylcholine- (ACh 10−5 M) and potassium chloride- (KCl 6 × 10−2 M) induced contractions on rat-isolated tracheal preparations. To examine whether the potassium (K+) channels are involved in the relaxant effect, glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, was used. Moreover, to assess the safety of the extracts, acute oral toxicity was carried out on mice. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and coumarins in the hydroalcoholic extract. Tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and coumarins were not detected in the aqueous decoction. With respective EC50 values of 1.517 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 1.433 ± 0.001 mg/mL on ACh-and KCl-provoked contractions, the hydroalcoholic extract was found more potent in relaxing the isolated rat tracheal preparations compared to the aqueous decoction. In the presence of glibenclamide, the relaxant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 0.191 ± 0.002 mg/mL) increased and was higher than that of the aqueous decoction. At dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, the extracts did not produce deaths or any significant changes in the general behavior of mice. The results suggest that different mechanisms including modulation of calcium and potassium channels, particularly the ATP-sensitive K+ channels, could be involved in the relaxation effect. These findings could justify the traditional use of W. indica in the management of asthma.

Cassia sieberiana DC. (Caesalpiniaceae), Guiera senegalensis JF. Gmel (Combretaceae) and Excoecaria grahamii (Hochst) Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat gastro-intestinal parasites. Standard methods were used for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the aqueous extracts of the three (3) plants using the egg hatch test against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of anthocyanosides, tannins, saponosides, reducing compounds, carbohydrates, flavonoids and triterpenic steroids in the extracts of the root bark of C. sieberiana and the leaves of C. sieberiana, G. senegalensis and E. grahamii. All extracts inhibited significantly (p< 0.05) the eggs hatch of H. contortus. At the concentration of 14.25 mg/mL, the percentages of inhibition varied from 60.33 ± 8.43 to 76.6 ± 4.91%. These results indicate that the studied plants possess anthelminthic activities and thus justify their use for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites infections. Key words: Anthelmintic activity, medicinal plants, phytochemical, in vitro, Haemonchus contortus, Burkina Faso.

Background Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant. Methods The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg quercetin equivalents in the HEE and the F4 fraction. Except for the F1 fraction, the HEE and the other fractions showed significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 between 8 and 12 μg/mL). The IC50 of TBARS by different extracts was in the range 1–5 μg/mL, and the FRAP activity was 7–85 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 100 mg. Total polyphenol content was highly correlated with the antioxidant activities. Conclusions The HEE, F3, and F4 fractions were found to be the richest in polyphenols and had the best antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts of the leaves of Z. mauritiana is due to these polyphenolic compounds.

Background:Anogeissus leiocarpusis a Sahel tree traditionally used by the residents of Burkina Faso for its antihypertensive properties. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate whether an aqueous extract of theAnogeissus leiocarpus(AEAL) trunk bark induces a vasorelaxant effect on porcine coronary artery rings and to investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods:AEAL-induced relaxations were assessed using porcine coronary artery rings suspended in organ chambers. The phosphorylation levels of Src, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assessed in a primary endothelial cell culture by Western blot. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed using dihydroethidine.Results:In porcine coronary artery rings, AEAL at 0.1–300 μg/mL induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were inhibited in the presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) and the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization pathways. Moreover, the AEAL-induced NO-mediated relaxations were significantly reduced by the inhibitors of Src and PI3-kinase as well as by the membrane-permeant ROS scavengers. In cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells, treatment with AEAL is associated with an intracellular generation of ROS. Moreover, the AEAL induced the phosphorylations of Akt (Ser473), eNOS (Ser1177) and a transient phosphorylation of Src (Ser17) in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions:These findings indicate that AEAL is a potent inducer of endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxations in porcine coronary arteries through the redox-sensitive Src/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway-dependent activation of eNOS.

International audience; Objective: The present prospective study was aimed to target the antihypertensive drug regimen for HBP associated with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as stressful and sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and chronic ethylism among hypertensive patients. Material and Method: This study was conducted among outpatients and inpatients attending the department of cardiology of Campus Teaching Hospital for hypertension conditions associated with comorbidities (stressful, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and ethylism) and placed on antihypertensive drug therapy. Results: Of the 112 patients treated for HBP, 43 (38.39%) received an ambulatory treatment and 69 (61.61%) were hospitalized. Of 43 outpatients, 37.21% and 18.60% vs 24.64%, 34.78% and 23.19% of 69 inpatients presented respectively 2, 3 and ≥ 4 concomitant modifiable risk factors. Regarding the antihypertensive drug regimens received and concomitant risk factor profile of patients, significant reduction of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) among patients with 3 risk factors and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) among patients with at least, together with chronic ethylism, another risk factor among stressful, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and diabetes, was observed. In cases of complicated HBP, outpatients with 3 concomitant risk factors against inpatients with high stress, sedentary lifestyle and obesity were placed on diuretic (D), Calcium Channel Antagonist (CCA) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) as first choice in monotherapy or in addition to Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Drug (CAAD) in suitable combinations in 2/3 of total combinations prescribed. Conclusion: antihypertensive drug regimens from mono to quadruple therapy allowed to control significantly SBP in patients with 3 concomitant modifiable risk factors and DBP among patients with at least, together with chronic ethylism, another risk factor among stress, sedentarity, obesity and diabetes. In complicated HBP with concomitant modifiable risk factors, D or CCA or ACEI or in suitable combinations in addition to CAAD were the favorite pharmacological groups prescribed.

La prise en charge medicamenteuse de l'hypertension arterielle (HTA) entraine des effets indesirables qui peuvent etre genants et ainsi influencer l'observance du patient. Nous avons etudie ces effets indesirables dans le service de cardiologie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo afin de determiner leurs frequences et leurs caracteristiques. Il s'agissait d'une etude transversale de juillet a septembre 2015 chez les patients suivis en ambulatoire pour HTA. Les donnees ont ete obtenues a partir de l'interrogatoire, des carnets de suivi des patients et des fiches de consultations. Au total 278 patients ont ete inclus. La population d'etude incluait 69,1% de femmes. L'âge moyen etait de 52,2 ans avec des extremes de 23 et 86 ans. Quatre vingt et sept virgule huit pourcent (87,8%) vivaient en milieu urbain. Le tabagisme, la dyslipidemie et les antecedents familiaux d'HTA representaient respectivement 9%, 35,6% et 57,2%. Au plan therapeutique, 43,2% etaient sous monotherapie, 35,6% sous bitherapie a l'initiation du traitement. Les inhibiteurs calciques (59,7%) etaient la classe therapeutique la plus utilisee. La prevalence globale des effets indesirables etait de 60,1%. Les inhibiteurs calciques etaient impliques dans 53,6% suivis des diuretiques (48,6%) dans la survenue de l'effet indesirable. La prevalence specifique par molecule etait 28,1% pour l'amlodipine et 24,5% pour l'hydrochlorothiazide. La diurese excessive (13,7%), la toux (12,9%) et les vertiges (11,5%) etaient les effets indesirables les plus frequemment evoques par les patients. Le systeme nerveux central et peripherique et le systeme osteo-musculaire etaient les systemes les plus atteints. Les effets indesirables sont un determinant majeur de l'adhesion aux traitements antihypertenseur, car leur impact sur la vie quotidienne des patients peut s'averer significatif.

To study spontaneous reporting of adverse effects of antimalarial drugs sent to pharmacovigilance national center.A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore spontaneous reporting of adverse effects of antimalarial drugs sent to pharmacovigilance center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013.In total 104 spontaneous reporting forms regarding antimalarial drugs were analysed. The sex ratiowas (male/female) 0,8. The majority of patients were aged over 13 years (66,3%). Self-medication and use of concomitant drug (2) were observed in 22,1% and 46,2% of cases respectively. The artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) were used in 77,8%. Several categories of adverse effects were observed among which skin and annexes disorders(34,6%), disorders of general health conditions, (29,8%), central nervous system disorders(29,8%), gastro-enterological disorders (23,0%). The most part of adverse effects was mild (67,3%).The adverse effects regarding central nervous (p=0,009)and gastro-enterological (p=0,0009) systems were significantly associated to the ACT use compared with use of other antimalarial drugs.These results show the importance to implement active surveillance of ACTs to have a safety profile in our real conditions of use.Analyser les notifications spontanées des effets indésirables des antipaludiques transmises au centre national de pharmacovigilance.Il s'est agid'une étude transversale à visée exploratoire des notifications spontanées comportant un antipaludique, reçues au centre national de vigilance des produits de santé, du 1Au total, 104 fiches de notification ont été étudiées. Le sexe ratio hommes/femmes était égal à 0,8 et les patients de plus de 13 ans représentaient 66,3%. Les effets indésirables survenaient dans des circonstances d'automédication, de traitement concomitant de plus de deux médicaments dans 22,1% et 46,2% des cas respectivement. Les combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d'artémisinine (CTA) représentaient 77,8% des cas. Plusieurs types d'effets indésirables ont été observés, parmi lesquels les atteintes de la peau et ses annexes (34,6%), les troubles de l'état (29,8%),les troubles du système nerveux (29,8%), les troubles gastroentérologiques (23,0%). Les effets indésirables étaient le plus souvent modérés (67,3%). Ceux se rapportant au système nerveux (p=0,009) et à l'appareil gastroentérologique(p=0,0009) étaient associés significativement à l'utilisation d'une CTA.Ces résultats montrent la nécessité d'une surveillance plus intense des CTA pour mieux décrire leur profil de tolérance dans nos conditions réelles d'utilisation.

Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. is an African food and medicinal plant. Its red fruits are eaten and highly appreciated by the rural population. This plant was extensively used in African folk medicinal traditions to treat chronic wounds but also as anti-leishmanial or cytotoxic remedies, especially in Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Kenya, or Ethiopia. This study investigates the in vitro bioactivity of polymethoxyflavones extracted from a L. ukambensis as anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic agents. We isolated two known polymethoxyflavones, 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (1) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) from the whole plant of L. ukambensis. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data. These molecules were tested for the anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects on human cancer cells. Among them, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) was selectively cytotoxic against monocytic lymphoma (U937), acute T cell leukemia (Jurkat), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cell lines, but not against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors, at all tested concentrations. Moreover, this compound exhibited significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against U937 acute myelogenous leukemia cells. This study highlights the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) and provides a scientific basis of traditional use of L. ukambensis.

Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon with synonymous Landolphia senegalensis (A. DC.) Kotschy & Peyr. (Apocynaceae) is a lianescente plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory components in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to test the pharmacological action of the aqueous extract of its leafy stems on swelling, pain and to assess its antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract reduced edema in the first hour, the third hour and five hours after the injection of carrageenin. Maximum inhibition was achieved at the fifth hour after the injection of the carrageenin. The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of S. senegalensis at doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg was evaluated by the method of Koster after injection of acetic acid. The results showed that the aqueous extract reduced significantly (p

Background: This study has been carried out to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic effects of an aqueous decoction and ethanol extract (95%) of Ficus sycomorus leaves. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema model. The non-morphine type analgesic effect was evaluated trough acetic acid-induced writhing test. The morphine type analgesic activity was tested by mouse tail–flick test. The anti-pyretic activity was tested by induced hyperthermia in mice with brewer's yeast. Data analysis used the one way ANOVA test. Results: The anti-inflammatory effects of the two extracts, at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg b.w., were dose dependent and comparable to those of the reference controls, indomethacin (1 mg/kg b.w.) and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg b.w.). At the same dose, the analgesic effect of the ethanol extract on abdominal writhings induced by acetic acid, was comparable to those Lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS, 300 mg/kg b.w) and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg b.w.) used as controls. As for the morphine type analgesic effects of the two extracts tested at doses of 300 and 500 mg / kg both were significantly higher in comparison with the blank control (p Key words: Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, Ficus sycomorus, Sickle cell disease.

This investigation aims to provide a database of Dozo traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used for the treatment of common diseases.The study was conducted through individual interviews using a survey form. Data were recorded in a database allowing statistical analysis. Each plant was recorded and documented with a herbarium specimen. Settings/LocationSubjects: The term Dozo refers to great hunters from Burkina Faso, highly renowned for their knowledge of medicinal plants. Niamberla village was founded by Dozo hunters and is currently the residence of many traditional healers. Unfortunately, their indigenous knowledge is not well recorded and may be lost between two generations.A total of 16 traditional healers were interviewed, giving 89 recipes for the treatment of 37 diseases. The most common diseases are malaria (13%), psychological/spiritual issues (12%), gastric disorders (11%), sexually transmitted diseases (10%), and wounds (8%). A total of 56 medicinal plants have been identified, consisting mostly of trees (44%), shrubs (34%), and herbs (16%).The results of this research provide a basis for pharmacological and toxicological investigations and are necessary to preserve the indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine among Dozo hunters.

Radiotherapy is an essential component of glioma standard treatment. Glioblastomas (GBM), however, display an important radioresistance leading to tumor recurrence. To improve patient prognosis, there is a need to radiosensitize GBM cells and to circumvent the mechanisms of resistance caused by interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. STAT3 has been identified as a therapeutic target in glioma because of its involvement in mechanisms sustaining tumor escape to both standard treatment and immune control. Here, we studied the role of STAT3 activation on tyrosine 705 (Y705) and serine 727 (S727) in glioma radioresistance. This study explored STAT3 phosphorylation on Y705 (pSTAT3-Y705) and S727 (pSTAT3-S727) in glioma cell lines and in clinical samples. Radiosensitizing effect of STAT3 activation down-modulation by Go6976 was explored. In a panel of 15 human glioma cell lines, we found that the level of pSTAT3-S727 was correlated to intrinsic radioresistance. Moreover, treating GBM cells with Go6976 resulted in a highly significant radiosensitization associated to a concomitant pSTAT3-S727 down-modulation only in GBM cell lines that exhibited no or weak pSTAT3-Y705. We report the constitutive activation of STAT3-S727 in all GBM clinical samples. Targeting pSTAT3-S727 mainly in pSTAT3-Y705-negative GBM could be a relevant approach to improve radiation therapy.

La prise en charge médicamenteuse de l'hypertension artérielle (HTA) entraine des effets indésirables qui peuvent être gênants et ainsi influencer l'observance du patient. Nous avons étudié ces effets indésirables dans le service de cardiologie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo afin de déterminer leurs fréquences et leurs caractéristiques. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de juillet à septembre 2015 chez les patients suivis en ambulatoire pour HTA. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de l'interrogatoire, des carnets de suivi des patients et des fiches de consultations. Au total 278 patients ont été inclus. La population d'étude incluait 69,1% de femmes. L'âge moyen était de 52,2 ans avec des extrêmes de 23 et 86 ans. Quatre vingt et sept virgule huit pourcent (87,8%) vivaient en milieu urbain. Le tabagisme, la dyslipidémie et les antécédents familiaux d'HTA représentaient respectivement 9%, 35,6% et 57,2%. Au plan thérapeutique, 43,2% étaient sous monothérapie, 35,6% sous bithérapie à l'initiation du traitement. Les inhibiteurs calciques (59,7%) étaient la classe thérapeutique la plus utilisée. La prévalence globale des effets indésirables était de 60,1%. Les inhibiteurs calciques étaient impliqués dans 53,6% suivis des diurétiques (48,6%) dans la survenue de l'effet indésirable. La prévalence spécifique par molécule était 28,1% pour l'amlodipine et 24,5% pour l'hydrochlorothiazide. La diurèse excessive (13,7%), la toux (12,9%) et les vertiges (11,5%) étaient les effets indésirables les plus fréquemment évoqués par les patients. Le système nerveux central et périphérique et le système ostéo-musculaire étaient les systèmes les plus atteints. Les effets indésirables sont un déterminant majeur de l'adhésion aux traitements antihypertenseur, car leur impact sur la vie quotidienne des patients peut s'avérer significatif.

Ficus sycomorus est utilise en medecine traditionnelle au Burkina Faso dans le traitement de diverses pathologies dont la drepanocytose. Les objectifs de cette etude consistaient d’une part a tester in vitro les effets du decocte aqueux et du macere hydroethanolique des feuilles sur les temps de coagulation sanguine et de formation d’agregat plaquettaire, et d’autre part a identifier par HPLC-MS les composes majoritaires. Les resultats ont montre la formation d’agregat plaquettaire dans le plasma riche en plaquette au bout de 5,27 min en absence d’extrait de la plante et apres l’addition d’acide arachidonique. La coagulation du sang des sujets drepanocytaires SS, SC ainsi que celui du sujet sain AA a ete observee respectivement au bout de 6,37 ± 1,6 min ; 7,76 ± 2 min et 11,55 ± 0,8 min en absence d’extrait de la plante. Cependant, en presence des extraits a differentes concentrations (10 ; 20 et 50 mg/mL), aucune formation d’agregat plaquettaire, ni de coagulation n’a ete observee. Les donnees spectrales ont permis d’identifier 07 composes phenoliques et leurs isomeres de formules brutes C 21 H 20 O 11 , C 21 H 20 O 12 , C 21 H 17 O 13 , C 16 H 18 O 9 et C 18 H 31 NO 3 dans les feuilles de cette plante. La presence de ces composes phenoliques justifierait la capacite des extraits a ralentir une coagulation excessive. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Mots cles: Drepanocytose, plante medicinale, coagulation, flavonoides, acides phenoliques English Title: Use of leaves of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) in the prevention of hypercoagulation in sickle cell patients: identification of phenolic compounds potentially anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation English Abstract Ficus sycomorus is used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of various diseases including sickle cell disease. The objectives of this study were on the one hand to test in vitro the effects of aqueous decoction and hydroethanol macerate of the leaves on blood clotting and platelet aggregation times, and on the other hand to identify by HPLC-MS the majority compounds. The results showed platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma after 5.27 min in the absence of plant extract and after addition of arachidonic acid. Coagulation of blood of SS, SC, and healthy AA subjects was observed after 6.37 ± 1.6 min, 7.76 ± 2 min and 11.55 ± 0.8 min respectively in the absence of plant extracts. However, in the presence of extracts at different concentrations (10, 20 and 50 mg/mL), no formation of platelet aggregates or coagulation was observed. The spectral data identified 07 phenol compounds and their isomers of the formulas C 21 H 20 O 11 , C 21 H 20 O 12 , C 21 H 17 O 13 , C 16 H 18 O 9 and C 18 H 31 NO 3 in the leaves of this plant. The presence of these phenolic compounds would justify the ability of extracts to slow down excessive coagulation. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, medicinal plants, coagulation, flavonoids, phenolic acids

Sickle cell disease is a major public health problem. It is the first genetic disease in the world. FACA syrup offers an alternative treatment. It is a dry powder preparation of two components, the roots barks of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Lam. (Rutaceae) Zepernick, Timler and Calotropis procera. Ait. R.B.r. (Asclepiadaceae). The product was developed at Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) from a traditional recipe used in Burkina Faso for treatment of sickle cell crises. This study aimed to establish physical-chemical, pharmaco technical and microbiological control parameters essential for the standardization of the phytomedicine. This valuation concerned specifications of moisture content, pH, the fingerprint by thin layer chromatography, pesticide residues, heavy metal content, microbial quality, and total ash. These charcteristics were determined by the methods prescribed by the World Health Organization (1998) and the European Pharmacopoeia 6th edition. The results have shown that dry syrups and reconstituted syrups were sweet, slightly spicy with a bitter after taste, a white room color and a faint odor. The density at the preparation was 0.985 and the pH was 5.93. After 2 months of storage in the laboratory, the organoleptic parameters of the reconstituted syrups have not changed. They were mold free, the density remained around 1 and the pH between 5 and 4. These parameters have shown that the quality of plants powders and these medicine comply with the recommendations of the European pharmacopoeia. Faca syrup may contribute to the better management of sickle cell disease in children.

The leaves of Ficus sycomorus are used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of sickle cell disease. The present comparative study of crude extracts of leaves (decoction, macerated extract and a 95% ethanol extract) was performed with the aim to assess the efficiency of this traditional use and to determine the most active of the three extracts. Antisickling activity was assessed by the Emmel's test. Vasorelaxant effect on rat aortic rings precontracted by phenylephrine with and without N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester chloride (L-NAME) was also evaluated. The 95% ethanol extract (20 mg mL(-1)) showed the most antisickling activity on sickle erythrocytes, by inhibiting completely sickling of double heterozygote SC cells in 60 min and that of homozygote SS cells in 90 min. On the aorta this extract exhibited a significant (p

The ethyl acetate and n-butanolic subfractions of Agelanthus dodoneifolius were investigated for their antioxidant and antimyeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and dichlorofluorescein- (DCF-) induced fluorescence techniques from phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA-) stimulated equine neutrophils and human myeloid cell line HL-60, respectively. In parallel, the effects of the tested subfractions were evaluated on the total MPO release by stimulated neutrophils and on the specific MPO activity by means of immunological assays. The results showed the potent activity of the butanolic subfraction, at least in respect of the chemiluminescence test (IC50 = 0.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and the ELISA and SIEFED assays (IC50 = 2.8 ± 1.2 μg/mL and 1.3 ± 1.0 μg/mL), respectively. However, the ethyl acetate subfraction was found to be the most potent in the DCF assay as at the highest concentration, DCF fluorescence intensity decreases of about 50%. Moreover, we demonstrated that the ethyl acetate subfraction was rich in catechin (16.51%) while it was not easy to identify the main compounds in the butanolic subfraction using the UPLC-MS/MS technique. Nevertheless, taken together, our results provide evidence that Agelanthus dodoneifolius subfractions may represent potential sources of natural antioxidants and of antimyeloperoxidase compounds., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background The present study investigates the effect of AEAL on normotensive Wistar rats and its chronic antihypertensive effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by using a non-invasive tail-cuff model. Methods The effects of AEAL (50 mg/kg) and NaCl 0.9% on blood pressure were investigated by daily oral administration in normotensive Wistar rats over four weeks. L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats were produced by L-NAME (40 mg/kg) daily oral administration for two weeks. For chronic antihypertensive effects, animals were treated with L-NAME for two weeks and then, L-NAME was administrated in combination with AEAL (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) and compared with a control group receiving only NaCl 0.9% for two following weeks. The blood pressure was measured daily by a Blood Pressure Recorder system. Results In normotensive rats, daily administration of AEAL (50 mg/kg) had no significant effect on their blood pressure, which was similar to that of the control group. Daily oral administration of L-NAME induced a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 115.8 ± 7.9 mmHg to 153.5 ± 4.6 mmHg after two weeks of treatment, which was maintained to the end of the treatment. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, AEAL (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased SPB from 160.0 ± 5.8 mmHg to 108.8 ± 2.7 mmHg after only four days of administration. In addition, the lower dose of AEAL (10 mg/kg) also normalized the SBP of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, however this was only evident after eight days of administration. Conclusion These findings suggest that AEAL affords significant antihypertensive effects against L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

Le Spirulina platensis est une algue utilisee pour ses effets nutritionnel et therapeutique. De nombreuses etudes ont montre son interet pour l’homme. Le present travail resume les etudes cliniques effectuees avec la spiruline chez homme jusqu’en juin 2012. La methode a consiste a l’interrogation des bases de donnees Pubmed, OMS, Medline base donne des Universites de Ouagadougou et de Grenoble, centre de pharmacovigilance de Grenoble et de Bordeaux. Seules les etudes effectuees chez l’homme avec la spiruline uniquement et publiees ont ete retenues. Les criteres de jugements ont porte sur les parametres anthropometriques, biologiques, et des donnees du protocole. Ces etudes ont montre l’effet de la spiruline sur les maladies cardiovasculaires par la diminution des valeurs des parametres lipidiques. La spiruline a eu des effets antidiabetiques par la diminution de l’hemoglobine glyquee et de la glycemie chez les patients diabetiques de type 2. Des effets immuno - modulateurs, anti-inflammatoires, anticancereux, antianemiques, de la spiruline ont ete prouves. La recuperation nutritionnelle de la spiruline a ete prouvee dans six etudes dont trois chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH. Ces resultats montrent les multiples effets therapeutiques de la spiruline mais doivent etre confirmes par des echantillons de grandes tailles. Mots cles: Interet, therapeutique, Spiruline, Homme.