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A crescente conscientização acerca dos impactos da poluição gerada por combustíveisfósseis, levou países de todo o mundo a repensarem o modo de como se utilizar energia. Em 2015 notratado de Paris durante a COP21 o Brasil assinou junto com mais 196 o termo de redução de CO 2 naatmosfera. E como uma das soluções para combustível renovável o óleo de canola é uma alternativa.O óleo é obtido das sementes das variedades de Brassica sp., e é amplamente utilizado paraalimentação humana, para lubrificação de maquinário industrial e para a produção de biodiesel. Oobjetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de prensagem mecânica de grãos de canola em diferentestemperaturas e velocidades de rotação em uma extrusora mecânica com automação. O trabalho foidesenvolvido no laboratório da CTA, em uma prensa extrusora de grãos Z-1500. Para o presenteestudo foram definidas 4 temperaturas (110–120 °C, 120–30 °C, 130–140 °C e 140–50 °C) e 5velocidades [1000, 1200, 1400, 1600 e 1800 RPM (Rotações por minuto). Foi empregado um designexperimental 4 × 5 fatorial para determinar o rendimento de extração de óleo, massa específica do óleoe teor de proteínas na massa bromatológica

Temperature and rotation speed are operational parameters that influence oil screw press efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oil physicochemical properties, cake bromatological properties, and oil extraction yield from crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds by mechanical pressing at different temperatures and rotation speeds in a mechanical extruder. A 4 × 5 factorial experimental design was employed to determine the effects of these parameters. The experimental design incorporated four temperature ranges (110–120, 120–130, 130–140, and 140–150°C) and five screw rotation speeds (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 rotations per minute, RPM), with four repetitions. The physicochemical properties of the oil and crambe cake, and the cake bromatological properties were affected by extraction at different temperatures and extruder rotation speeds. The oil density and viscosity (quality parameters), and the crambe cake bromatological factors, crude fiber, ash, lipid, and moisture content were found to be higher at extraction temperatures in the 140–150°C range. The maximum oil yield was achieved by extraction at a temperature of 140–150°C and a rotation speed of 1800 RPM. The protein and carbohydrate content of the crambe cake decreased with increasing temperature and rotation speed. The oil yield increased by 56% as temperatures increased from the 110–120°C range to the 140–150°C range, and by 41% when the rotation speed increased from 1000 to 1800 RPM. The screw configuration influenced the crambe and cake properties. These results can be used to determine the appropriate configuration of the screw

Combustíveis como o biodiesel vêm ganhando muita popularidade pelo fato de ser um combustível alternativo. O estudo trata da avaliação do desempenho e de emissões de um motor gerador operando com diesel e blendas de biodiesel, assistido por sistema de automação industrial utilizados na Indústria 4.0. O experimento foi conduzido nos laboratórios da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Foram avaliados durante o experimento a energia gerada, o consumo específico, a eficiência energética e as emissões geradas pelo conjunto motor gerador. Os tratamentos utilizados foram o diesel de petróleo tipo A (D100), cinco blendas (misturas) de biodiesel de canola (B5, B10, B15, B20 e B50) e biodiesel puro (B100). As cargas aplicadas ao motor gerador foram do tipo resistivas de 1,0; 1,5; 4,5 e 6,0 kW para cada tipo de combustível. A energia gerada se manteve crescente e estável conforme o aumento de carga. O melhor resultado do consumo específico foi com o diesel (D100), seguido por B10 e o B20, ambos para a carga de 4,5 kW. As emissões de gases de monóxido de carbono são reduzidas enquanto as emissões de dióxido de carbono aumentam com aplicação de maiores cargas. O biodiesel puro (B100) tende a apresentar melhor eficiência energética que as misturas binárias utilizadas quando inserida a carga de 6,0 kW. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as misturas de biodiesel de canola com o diesel convencional são uma das possíveis soluções viáveis na substituição parcial do diesel mineral.

As culturas oleaginosas apresentam importante destaque no setor agrícola brasileiro, tanto para a produção de alimentos (grãos, óleo e farelos), fármacos e biocombustíveis. Um dos critérios para o aprimorado das tecnologias para desenvolver produtos com qualidade superior e valor agregado, tem sido por meio do parâmetro nutricional. Dessa forma, torna-se importante aperfeiçoar o processo de prensagem mecânica contínua de forma a obter o ponto ótimo de temperatura e rotação de extração para disponibilizar maior qualidade nutricional do óleo e da torta de canola. Diante do exposto, foi objetivo do estudo avaliar o processo de prensagem mecânica de grãos de canola em diferentes temperaturas e velocidades de rotação em uma extrusora mecânica com automação sobre as características bromatológicas, cor (DE). Bem como avaliar a umidade de torta, fibra bruta, extrato etéreo, proteína, carboidratos e resíduo mineral fixo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em esquema fatorial 4 × 5, sendo 4 temperaturas (110-120, 120-130, 130-140 e 140-150 °C) e 5 velocidades (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600 e 1800 rpm). Foi determinado o coeficiente (R2) como um parâmetro estatístico no qual os valores máximos em porcentagem de umidade de torta, fibra bruta, extrato etéreo, proteína, carboidratos e resíduo mineral fixo foram, respectivamente, 9,19; 17,19; 32,66; 35,90; 27,29 e 7,32%. Mediante a cor da torta de canola foi perceptível que a coloração mais escura da torta apresentou alta porcentagem de proteína, e as cores mais claras, alta porcentagem de extrato etéreo.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. on the morphometry of Eucalyptus urograndis plants, genetically modified hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. Pots containing the eucalyptus plants were conditioned in protected environments in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were composed of aqueous extract of Brachiaria decumbens grass at different concentrations: 0% (control, distilled water only), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (g/L). On day 30 of the experiment, the following morphological parameters of the plants were evaluated: aerial part height, diameter of stem, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and robustness index. The data were submitted to analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance, and a regression equation was constructed for the quantitative treatments. The results indicated that the Brachiaria decumbens grass extract did not have an inhibitory effect on aerial part height and robustness index. However, the extract at concentrations higher than 20% had negative effects on root dry mass, aerial dry mass, and total dry mass. For the diameter of the stem, only concentrations above 60% had an inhibitory effect.

Over the last decades, wind energy has been named as a clean method to generate electrical power. But, to claim this argument many aspects must be evaluated. On one hand, wind power, as an electrical energy source, generates minimum environmental impact when in operation. On the other side, the material extraction for the manufacturing process does create environmental impact and require electrical energy usage. Therefore, when claiming the sustainability of wind power, as a method of electrical power generation, many aspects must be evaluated, such as the Life Cycle Analysis of the turbine. This study has been taken to evaluate the energy cost and its payback period off the wind power turbine S-600, manufactured by Greatwatt, has being evaluated. This evaluation has covered the embodied energy in the gross material present on the final product and its energetic payback period, for the specific case of working in a rural area in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The ISO 14040 methodology, for life cycle analyses, has being applied to estimate the embodied energy in the gross material present on the generator. The annual average energetic production estimation has considered 4 cases, varying the voltage output and hub height, and the nominal capacity, claimed by the manufacturing company. To assess the embodied energy payback period, the theoretical generation capacity has been estimated. Thus, by this analysis, this article has concluded that the embodied energy in the gross material is 803.39MJ. The energetic payback period for this product, at 10 meters hub height, is 11.6 months, if operating on 12 V, and 12.6 months, if operation on 24 V. Furthermore, in the situation of installed at 30 meters from the ground, the energy payback period drops down to 5.3 and 5.5 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively. In the situation of nominal generation, the energetic payback period would dropdown to 4.6 and 3.1 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively.

The crambe crop is an interesting option for the production of biodiesel, mainly due to the high oil content (35%) and the corn one of the most implanted crops in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of crambe in the initial development of maize. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of seed and plant evaluation (LASP) and laboratory of soil physics (LAFIS) of UNIOESTE-Cascavel. The seeds of corn with germination of 93.5% were submitted to four concentrations plus the control in the different parts of the crambe plant, where the growth and mass of corn were valued. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates per treatment. The statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and the means of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The extract of the whole crambe plant stimulated aerial length, root length, fresh and dry mass of corn shoot. Root, stem and leaf extracts inhibited the initial development of maize in relation to growth and fresh and dry shoot mass.