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This paper presents a compact, novel, quad patch and triple band single substrate microstrip patch antenna for 5G/6G mm wave applications. The aim is to design an antenna within the K-band with three resonance frequencies at 24, 29, and 34 GHz. The antenna is designed on a volumetric dimension of 11×12.7×1.6 mm³. The substrate used is FR4 (dielectric constant 4.4), having a loss tangent of 0.0022. A microstrip line of width 1 mm for a 50 O impedance line is used to match with the load antenna, which has four rectangular connected patches. Patch dimensions come from standard antenna equations and simulation done on Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator software. Validation of simulated results is done through measurements on the prototype antenna. A substantial good agreement is found between the simulated and measured results. The gain of the proposed antenna is 6.16 dBi, with return loss being ≨-10 dB. Bandwidths are 1.1 GHz (23.8 - 24.9 GHz), 0.9 GHz (28.6 - 29.5 GHz), and 0.8 GHz (33.7 - 34.5 GHz), respectively. The far-field radiation characteristics of both E-plane and H-plane are also reported. The proposed design is suitable for mm wave applications, including smart vehicles, global positioning systems, radio frequency identifications, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn doped nanocrystalline PbS thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. All the deposited thin films were found to be crystalline having cubic phase structure. The optical properties of the Mn doped nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been studied. They have high absorbance in the UV-visible region. The linear nature of (αhv)² vs (hv) plots of PbS thin films confirmed that the transition is direct and the optical band gap energy of PbS films is found to increase from 1.90 eV to 2.28 eV with decreasing crystallite size from 21 nm to 11 nm and the optical band gap values are higher than the bulk value (0.40 eV). The optical band gap of Mn doped PbS films are found to increase with increase in dopant concentrations. The Photoconductive rise time and decay time determined from the prepared films are found to decrease with increase in doping concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the mechanical properties and high-temperature sliding wear behaviour of the Al6082-SiC-TiO2 hybrid composite in different environmental conditions produced by the stir-casting process were investigated and distinguished with singlereinforced composites (Al6082-SiC and Al6082-TiO2) and matrix alloy. The microstructure of composites exhibited a reasonably uniform scatter of particles in the aluminium matrix with good bonding between the matrix-particle interfaces. The hybrid composite’s hardness and ultimate tensile strength showed higher hardness and tensile strength than matrix alloy and single-reinforced composites, whereas trends were reversed for the elongation. The impact test of the materials was conducted at different temperatures (room temperature, 0°C, –25°C, –50°C, and –75°C). The hybrid composite shows higher impact strength than the other materials, and impact strength decreases with temperature because ductility decreases with temperature. The fracture surfaces were examined to identify the fracture mechanism. The sliding wear test was conducted at different temperatures (room temperature, 100°C, 175°C, 250°C and 325°C) to distinguish the tribological behaviour of materials. The weight loss of the materials was increased with an increase in temperatures. The hybrid composite shows a lower weight loss than the other condition samples, irrespective of the temperatures. The wear surfaces were examined to predict the material removal mechanism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival of endangered languages in complex language competition depends on the socio-cultural status and honour endowed (by itself and by the other) among them. The restriction in the endorsement of this honour leads to the extinction of one language and rise of the other. Endorsing proper mutual honour to each other triggers the co-existence of people speaking the two languages and this can save both languages from extinction. The loss of respect to each other leads to the death of both languages. We found a minimal or critical mutual honour u c which protects the two languages from extinction. The increase in mutual honour from this minimal value allows an increase in the populations of the people who speak the two languages. The state of co-existence of competing languages abolishes the concept of minority and majority in language competition, which can be obtained by mutual honour. Further, excess of biased honour to a particular language (minority or majority) forces the language to extinct. In mean-field approximation of language competition, magnetisation parameter can be taken as an indicator of the survival of a language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the dual behavior observed for hydrogen peroxide when added to hydrogen-air detonating mixtures. The effect of the addition of hydrogen peroxide on NO x emissions and critical detonation parameters was evaluated for H 2 air mixtures using one-dimensional ZND calculations. Hydrogen peroxide acts as an ignition promoter and is shown to significantly enhance the detonation chemistry when added in small concentrations. It alters the ignition chemistry of an underlying detonation wave without affecting the bulk thermodynamic properties. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the ignition promotion and NO x mitigation effects of hydrogen peroxide in gaseous detonations when it is added to hydrogen-air mixtures in small and large concentrations. In the current work, the diminishing sensitizing potential of hydrogen peroxide when added in large amounts (up to 10%) is also reported. The results show a visible effect on ignition promotion up to 20,000 ppm. At concentrations higher than 20,000 ppm of H 2 O 2 , further reduction in the induction length was found to be minimal. The NO x emissions were found to decrease for stoichiometric and fuel-lean H 2 -air mixtures, whereas the NO x concentration was found to increase for fuel-rich mixtures with the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the dual behavior exhibited by H 2 O 2 is shown to be advantageous as it could potentially mitigate NO x emissions at high temperatures for fuel-lean and stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures and, at the same time, could sensitize the given mixture for applications in detonation-based combustors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software development and maintenance accompany several challenges related to change management. Identifying dependencies of change-prone classes helps to manage the after-effects of changes smoothly. This paper aims to study the ripple effect identification in object-oriented software applications using software metrics and change history. The changeability pattern is generated and compared with actual changes to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for ripple effect identification. The impact set of existing classes is derived using the change history with a commit weight-based approach. Two coupling measures, Likelihood of Change (LiCh) and Co-change Probability (CChPr), are derived to analyse the change impact set of existing classes. The change impact of new classes is derived using a Bagging classification technique. The source code metrics are independent variables and co-change derived from change history is the dependent variable for the prediction model. The results indicate that most dependent classes are identified using the proposed technique and advocate using software metrics and change history for ripple effect identification. It can be beneficial for software practitioners to understand the impact of change and identify dependencies of an explicit class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single molecule tracking experiments inside a hydrated polymer network have shown that the tracer motion is subdiffusive due to the viscoelastic environment inside the gel-like network. This property can be related to the negative autocorrelation of the instantaneous displacements at short times. Although the displacements of the individual tracers exhibit Gaussian statistics, the displacement distribution of all the trajectories combined from different spatial locations of the polymer network exhibits a non-Gaussian distribution. Here, we analyze many individual tracer trajectories to show that the central portion of the non-Gaussian distribution can be well approximated by an exponential distribution that spreads sublinearly with time. We explain all these features seen in the experiment by a generalized Langevin model for an overdamped particle with algebraically decaying correlations. We show that the degree of non-Gaussianity can change with the extent of heterogeneity, which is controlled in our model by the experimentally observed distributions of the motion parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of five mononuclear ruthenium(III) complexes with Schiff's base ligand was performed using 2,6-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)pyridyldichlororuthenium(III) hydrate reacted with different substituted pyridyl chalcone. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ESR, electronic absorption, and mass spectral studies. The geometry of metal complexes was optimized by Gaussian-09 using B3LYP as the basis set. The anti-mycobacterial activity of the ligands and complexes was evaluated. The anti-tumor activity of ligands and complexes was evaluated on human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cell line K562 by the MTT method. The DNA binding affinity was further endorsed for ct-DNA of complexes and the binding constant was determined. The docking of metal complexes was also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Association between characters and path analysis in seventeen genotypes/lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied at the Vegetable Research Farm, BUAT, Banda during 2019 and 2020. The pooled data of correlation studies, revealed that gross yield plot-1 had positive and significant correlation with equatorial bulb diameter, weight of 20 bulbs and weight of 50 cloves at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. This showed that improving these features could improve the crop's physiological capacity to mobilise and translocate photosynthates to economically valuable organs (the bulb), perhaps increasing bulb yield as seen in the study. Yield was significantly and negatively correlated with bulb shape index, number of cloves bulb-1, and thrips plant-1 at genotypic level. The genotypic path coefficient analysis showed that equatorial bulb diameter and plant height had the highest positive direct effect on bulb yield. Weight of 20 bulbs and collar thickness had negative direct effect on bulb yield. Positive direct effect of equatorial bulb diameter and plant height indicated good scope for improvement in bulb yield by selecting genotypes having bigger bulb along with increased plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation against infectious diarrhea caused by E. coli by assay for zone of inhibition diameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The results of this study showed clear zones of inhibition by agar well diffusion method (mean ± SD) (mm). The mean values of MIC (mg/ml) and MBC (mg/ml) of methanolic extract against E. coli were 26.67±0.02 and 28.00±0.06, respectively whereas for aqueous extract were 28.33±0.12 and 29.67±0.11, respectively. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that methanolic extract of polyherbal formulation at dose 1/15 of LD50 was more effective, this anti-diarrheal activity of extract may be due to its constituents of secondary metabolites that are responsible for the antibacterial activity with different mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a polyherbal formulation named as Polyherbal Formulation-C (PHF-C), prepared by Centre for Ethno-Veterinary Practice and Alternative Medicine (CEVPAM), RAJUVAS, Bikaner, was used to evaluate effect of the formulation on haematological parameters of cattle infested with ticks. Haematological estimation in tick infested cattle revealed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC and neutrophils and significant increase in TLC, lymphocyte and eosinophil as compared to healthy control cattle. However, monocytes count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration estimation revealed non-significant variation in tick infested cattle as compared to healthy control cattle. Post-treatment haematological parameters revealed that PHF-C similar to amitraz, is very effective to normalize the haematological parameters in tick infested cattle and it can be used as an alternative of synthetic acaricides against tick infestation in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol was used as the solvent in the process of producing chromium benzoic acid complexes by combining CrO3 (chromium trioxide) and benzoic acid. Its spectrum characteristics were evaluated by the use of elemental analysis, FAB-Mass Spectroscopy,¹ HNMR spectroscopy, FTIR Spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and ICP-OES, and its thermal decomposition has been studied through DSC. The Objective was to get inside of thermal stability, the heat of energy, and the rate of decomposition of the complexes. The kinetic parameter, low amount of activation energy, and enthalpy of reaction, all pointed to the complexes having a high degree of liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unwarranted leakage/release of hydrogen gas from metal processing, automotive, petrochemical industries, and nuclear reactors, along with its subsequent ignition and transition to detonation, could lead to catastrophic damage to both life and property. The development of practical hazard prevention and safety control systems demands an understanding of the effectiveness of the chemical inhibitors to suppress/mitigate a detonation wave under varying operational conditions. In the current study, the inhibition efficiency of chemical inhibitors under varying mixture initial conditions was investigated using numerical computations. The inhibition efficiency of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{3}}$$\end{document}I), carbon dioxide (CO2)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}})$$\end{document}, and steam (H2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}}$$\end{document}O) on hydrogen-oxygen/air mixtures was evaluated using a detailed chemical kinetic model for hydrogen oxidation. ZND computations were carried out over a range of initial mixture composition, pressure, and temperature. It was found that CF3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{3}}$$\end{document}I is a better inhibitor than CO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}}$$\end{document} and H2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}}$$\end{document}O at all the initial mixture conditions. However, at very high temperatures, the inhibitors CF3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{3}}$$\end{document}I, CO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}}$$\end{document}, and H2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{2}}$$\end{document}O have a similar detonation inhibition efficiency. The inhibition efficiency of carbon dioxide and steam is comparable and significantly lower than CF3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$_{\textrm{3}}$$\end{document}I. The findings from the current work can be used to design optimized detonation safety systems over a range of practical operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study numerically evaluates the detonation inhibition effects of a range of halogenated compounds on hydrogen-air gaseous detonations. The halogenated compounds investigated in this research encompass halogen acids (HI, HBr, HCl, HF), halomethanes (CH3I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}\hbox {I}$$\end{document}, CH3Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document}, CH3Cl\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}\hbox {Cl}$$\end{document}, CH3F\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}\hbox {F}$$\end{document}), haloethenes (C2H3I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{3}}\hbox {I}$$\end{document}, C2H3Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{3}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document}, C2H3Cl\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{3}}\hbox {Cl}$$\end{document}, C2H3F\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{3}}\hbox {F}$$\end{document}), haloethanes (C2H5I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {I}$$\end{document}, C2H5Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document}, C2H5Cl\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {Cl}$$\end{document}, C2H5F\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {F}$$\end{document}), and complex halogenated compounds (CF3I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CF}_{{3}}\hbox {I}$$\end{document}, CF3Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CF}_{{3}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document}, CF3Cl\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CF}_{{3}}\hbox {Cl}$$\end{document}, CF4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CF}_{4}$$\end{document}). The study employs a one-dimensional ZND model with detailed chemical kinetics to examine the impact on detonation propagation by adding these halogenated compounds to hydrogen-air mixtures. The effectiveness of these inhibitors is evaluated based on their capacity to increase the induction length, the amount of inhibitor needed to attenuate a detonation wave, and their influence on the detonability of the gaseous mixture under both lean and rich conditions. The results indicate that several halogenated compounds exhibit superior inhibition properties compared to Halon 1301 (CF3Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {CF}_{{3}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document}). Specifically, C2H5Br\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {Br}$$\end{document} leads to the most significant increase in the induction length, with HBr and C2H5I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{5}}\hbox {I}$$\end{document} following closely, particularly at 20,000 ppmv concentration levels. However, it is worth noting that the inhibition efficiency also varies depending on the concentration of the inhibitor added to the gaseous H2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\hbox {H}_{{2}}$$\end{document}-air mixture. Moreover, based on retardant weight analysis, fluorinated compounds were found to be the most effective inhibitors, followed by chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated compounds across all categories of halogenated inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing security has been a critical issue with its increase in demand. One of the most challenging problems in cloud computing is detecting distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. The attack detection framework for the DDoS attack is tricky because of its nonlinear nature of interruption activities, atypical system traffic behaviour, and many features in the problem space. As a result, creating defensive solutions against these attacks is critical for mainstream cloud computing adoption. In this novel research, by using performance parameters, perplexed-based classifiers with and without feature selection will be compared with the existing machine learning algorithms such as naïve Bayes and random forest to prove the efficacy of the perplexed-based classification algorithm. Comparing the performance parameters like accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the proposed algorithm has an accuracy of 99%, which is higher than the existing algorithms, proving that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient in detecting the DDoS attacks in cloud computing systems. To extend our research in the area of nature-inspired computing, we compared our perplexed Bayes classifier feature selection with nature-inspired feature selection like genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) and found that our classifier is highly efficient in comparison with GA and PSO and their accuracies are 2% and 8%, respectively, less than those of perplexed Bayes classifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall productivity and profitability are directly affected by the adopted maintenance policy for any manufacturing industry. It should maximize the availability of the system and minimize operating costs. This article attempts to develop a preventive maintenance (PM) model based on delay-time analysis to reduce the downtime and cost of maintenance activities. The developed maintenance model is optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to determine the optimal maintenance frequency. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed to verify the consistency of the proposed model. Lastly, the model's applicability is tested by implementing it in a foundry unit, and a drastic reduction in overall maintenance downtime and cost almost by 71.69% is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted at a vegetable research farm, BUAT, Banda during the summer and rainy seasons, 2019, to determine the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference among the genotypes for different characters. During the summer season the characters, yield (q ha-1) and yield per plant exhibited higher PCV and GCV estimates than rest of the characters and during rainy season days to 50% germination exhibited higher PCV and GCV estimates suggesting that there is the possibility of improving these traits through selection. The difference between PCV and GCV values during the summer season was high for fruit length, days to 50% germination and node to the first flower appear. Whereas, for the rainy season difference was high for fruit length and the number of fruits per plant suggesting the role of environment in expression of these traits. In present study, heritability estimates were high for yield (q ha-1), yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvesting, the number of leaves at 90 DAS and the number of fruits per plant during the summer season and for the rainy season heritability estimates were high for yield (q ha-1), plant height at 90 DAS, the number of leaves at 90 DAS, yield per plant and days to 50% germination indicating that the selection based on phenotypic performance of these characters would be more operative. High genetic advance as per cent of mean for the summer season was recorded for yield (q ha-1), yield per plant and the number of fruits per plant. Whereas, for rainy season it was recorded high for days to 50% germination and plant height at 90 DAS. On the basis of mean performance, the fruit yield (q ha-1) was recorded maximum in genotype Kashi Pragati followed by Arka Nikita, Hisar Unnat and Phule Vimukta during the summer season. Whereas, for the rainy season genotype Hisar Naveen having maximum yield (q ha-1) followed by Varsha Uphar, Pusa Sawani and Akola Bahar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microstrip patch antenna is considered the most suitable radiating and receiving element for millimeter-wave application due to its low cost, simple construction, low weight, and ease with which it is integrated into the circuits. In this paper, we have reported the effects of different symmetric shaped slots on millimeter-wave patch antenna design and its performance at 10 GHz frequency in the X band (8-12 GHZ). The rectangular, circular, and elliptical slots area is kept constant at 11.2 mm2. The radius of circular and spherical slots is the same. High-frequency simulation software (HFSS) simulation results in parameters like S11 (reflection coefficient), Y-parameter (driving point admittance), Radiation Pattern, 3D Polar plot and illustrate that the results are in good agreement with the desired value. A rectangular slot is found to achieve the target resonance frequency with a low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) towards a 'good match.' Circular, spherical, and ellipticalshaped slots have high VSWR values, indicating a larger degree of mismatch. Surprisingly, results are obtained for the spherical-shaped slot, implying that the antenna will work at the target resonance frequency and has a Dual-Resonance. The proposed antenna design is suitable for 5G device applications in the X band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to compare the relative influence of migrant and indigenous entrepreneurs on regional development in the eastern state of Odisha in a developing country like India. The data is based on ownership across 30 districts and ten different sectors for small and medium businesses. It is modeled on economic indicators such as Net District Domestic Product (NDDP) and employment generation at the district level. One‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression on the data set suggest that ownership pattern influences development indices differently, hence having policy‐level implications based on the goals to be achieved. While migrant entrepreneurs' impact NDDP and employment opportunities positively for main workers, indigenous entrepreneurs from Odisha positively influence employment opportunities at an overall level, and for marginal workers, everything else remains unchanged. Hence, during slowdowns or post‐pandemic recovery situations, when the need of the hour for the local government is immediate employment and livelihood for low‐skill‐based marginal workers, facilitating indigenous owners is more preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High dilutions (HD) of drugs used in homeopathy are too dilute to contain original drug molecules. Clinical and experimental evidence shows, however, that the HDs produce specific biological effects. Water structures in HDs are thought to be responsible for those effects. In our earlier experimental studies, we defined the water structure in terms of free water molecules (FWM) and the hydrogen bond strength (HBS) of the water hydroxyl in the aqueous ethanol solvent of this preliminary study is to further confirm the components of water structure by electronic (ES) and vibrational spectroscopy (VS). HDs, prepared by serial dilution of a drug followed by succussion, are called potencies. Three common homeopathic drugs, Bryonia alba, Rhus toxicodendron and Thuja occidentalis, and three potencies of each drug were analyzed by ES and VS using appropriate statistics. The results show that the potencies tested differ from each other with respect to FWM and HBS of the water hydroxy!. We conclude that the drugs could modify the water structure in an EtOH water solution, and this modification would continue to exist in HDs beyond the Avogadro number. Original drug molecules influence the HBS in the HDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the accuracy of a Lagrangian scheme for simulating both the motion and wall impaction of neutrally buoyant inertial spheres (8.85 ≤ St ≤ 18.04) moving in the subcritical regime (Re = 10,972 and 22,366) of flows past a circular cylinder. The accuracy of the eddy-resolving simulations of the flow field was verified based on available data at nearly comparable flow conditions. The accuracy of the particle tracking scheme was verified with respect to corresponding experimental data in a laboratory flume. Particle dispersion en route to the circular cylinder is mostly driven by the flow disturbance from the particle injector tube. The trends in collision rates are largely explained by the rate of particle entertainment into the boundary layer around the cylinder and the inertial condition of the spheres in this proximity region—both of which can be better assessed by post-processing of the numerical outcomes. The primary incentive to undertake this work was the need for validating a particle-based method for quantifying the hydraulic stressors leading to bodily damage of fish passing flows influenced by hydraulic infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years 2018-19 and 2019-20 with high bulking early potato cultivar Kufri Khyati at Central Potato Research Institute, RS, Gwalior in split plot design with six planting geometries as main plots viz S1-60v20 cm (Control), S2-66v15 cm, S3-66v20 cm, S4-75 v15 cm, S5-75v20 cm and S6-paired row and three haulm killing dates as sub plots viz 70, 80 and 90 days after planting. For growth parameters, only planting geometry 66v15 cm recorded significantly higher plant height (52.6 cm) over other planting geometries.75v15 cm (52.6) and 75v20 cm (50.2) planting geometry recorded non significant but higher compound leaves/plant over other plant geometries. Days to haulm killing did not influence the growth parameters viz, stem, compound leaves and plant height. Significant increasing trend was recorded for number and weight of seed size and total tubers with increasing planting geometry over wider plant geometry 75v20 cm (285 thousand/ha, 17.41 t/ha seed size tuber and 671 thousand/ha, 34.52 t/ha for total tuber) and highest was recorded in paired row planting (487 thousand/ha, 29.52 t/ha seed size tuber and 1040 thousand/ha, 45.93 t/ha total tuber). Paired row planting with 70 days of haulm killing recorded significantly highest seed size (516 thousand/ha) and total tuber number (1092 thousand/ha). By number 60v20 cm planting geometry at 80 days of haulm killing (51.15% and 0.957) and by weight paired row planting at 70 days of haulm killing (73.15% and 0.367) recorded significantly highest seed size tubers percent and best seed: non seed ratio over other factor combinations. Planting geometry 66v15 cm at 80 days haulm killing (11.3) and 75v15 cm at 90 days of haulm killing (11.7) recorded significantly highest seed multiplication rate by number and weight respectively. Paired row planting with 70 days haulm killing gave highest seed size tuber yield, per cent seed size tuber and best seed: non seed ratio but planting geometry with 66v20 cm and haulm killing at 70 days found to be economically viable option for the farmers with higher B:C ratio (1.75) for seed production of variety Kufri Khyati. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the seventeen onion varieties evaluated for assessment of variability in mean performance, variances, heritability and genetic advance, (L-883 and Bhima Shweta) were most promising genotypes in respect of gross and marketable bulb yield, minimum number of bolters, rotten and multi-centred bulbs, bulb weight, equatorial bulb diameter, total soluble solids, number of leaves per plant and earliness in maturity. High values of genetic and phenotypic for gross and marketable bulb yield, average bulb weight, days to 70% neck fall and plant height indicated more opportunity of selection for these traits. High genetic advance as percentage of mean coupled with high heritability was observed for gross and marketable bulb yield and average bulb weight. Therefore, significant improvement could be expected through selection for these traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross section of the 51 V n , p 51 Ti reaction was measured at 7.87, 13.05 and 16.98 MeV neutron energies using the activation technique and offline γ -ray spectrometry. Vanadium targets were activated along with Al monitor foil to measure the cross section relative to the standard 27 Al n , α 24 Na reference reaction. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the 7 Li p , n reaction at the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron Facility, Mumbai, India. Statistical nuclear reaction Talys (ver. 1.9) code was used for the theoretical estimations of the 51 V n , p 51 Ti reaction cross section. Additionally, the effects of different input parameters were considered in present work to reproduction of the experimental data more accurately. The experimental data of the present measurements were discussed and compared with the previous measurements taken from the EXFOR compilation and latest evaluations of the ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL/AD-2017 and TENDL-2019 libraries. The covariance method was used to estimate the magnitudes of the uncertainties in the present cross section measurements. Furthermore, the different systematic formulae at 14–15 MeV energies were used to calculate the n , p , n , 2 n and n , α reactions cross section for structural material vanadium. The calculated cross sections from the formulae were discussed and compared with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a coupled numerical methodology, based on a hybrid Navier-Stokes (NS) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, for high-speed compressible gas flows—involving a combination of continuum and rarefied flow regions. Implementation details of coupling cycle are presented along with the validation and performance studies for three cases (Mach number M a 1 = 3.38 , 6.5 and 9) of normal shock waves in argon and three cases (Inlet pressure pin = 1.0 atm, 0.5 atm and 0.1 atm) of flow through a micro-scale convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle. In comparison with our DSMC method-based solutions in the complete domain, the hybrid NS-DSMC method solutions achieve almost similar accuracy in a substantially reduced computational time—44% to 50% for the normal shock problem and 67% to 85% for the micro-scale CD nozzle problem. For the first time in literature, the hybrid NS-DSMC method is presented as a Cartesian-grid method, which is becoming popular nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the diffusive motion of a test particle in a two-dimensional comb structure consisting of a main backbone channel with continuously distributed side branches, in the presence of stochastic Markovian resetting to the initial position of the particle. We assume that the motion along the infinitely long branches is biased by a confining potential. The crossover to the steady state is quantified in terms of a large deviation function, which is derived for the first time for comb structures in the present paper. We show that the relaxation region is demarcated by a nonlinear 'light-cone' beyond which the system is evolving in time. We also investigate the first-passage times along the backbone and calculate the mean first-passage time and optimal resetting rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, convenient and economical method was developed for the anodic thiocyanation of nitrogen-containing aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds by constant potential electrolysis of potassium thiocyanate in an undivided cell under mild condition (25°C, Pt anode, CH3CN) with yields up to 91%. The products were characterized by spectroscopic methods and a mechanism was deduced from voltammetry studies. The salient features of proposed procedure ensures mild reaction conditions, shortest reaction time, accelerated rate, high yield, cost-effectiveness, selectivity, and simple work up procedure, Which provide additional advantages in the context of green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion dynamics and spectral behaviour of plasma produced by a Nd:YAG laser (λ =1.064 lm, pulse width: 8 ns) from barium target and expanding in 0.45 T transverse magnetic field in vacuum (10-5 Torr pressure) are investigated using time-of-flight optical emission spectroscopy. The experiments are carried out at various laser fluences from 12 to 31 J/cm². The temporal profiles of neutral (Ba I 553.5 and 577.7 nm) lines are temporally broadened, while that of ionic (Ba II 413.0 and 455.4 nm) lines show strong confinement in the presence of a magnetic field. In the absence of magnetic field, the temporal profile of Ba I 553.5 nm is exactly reproduced by fitting with two Shifted Maxwell Boltzmann (SMB) Distribution components, while in the presence of a magnetic field the profile could only be fitted with three components. The field enhanced and field induced SMB components of neutral profile are correlated with populations of ground state, metastable states, and long-lived Rydberg states present in the barium plasma, while SMB components of ionic lines are explained on the basis of the presence of super-elastic collisions among the excited species in the plasma. The spatial variation of electron temperature and temporal variation of electron density are deduced and correlated to the different collisional processes in the barium plasma. The ionic profiles show efficient confinement in the presence of a magnetic field at higher fluences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years 2015-17 during the summer season at the experiment farm of ICARCentral Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur to determine the actual evapotranspiration of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] using mini-lysimeter by imposing different levels of irrigation based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) 50 mm irrigation at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of CPE. Three year averaged actual crop ET was observed 686, 554, 454 and 340 mm under 100, 80, 60 and 40 % irrigation levels, respectively. The highest crop ET was recorded under 100% followed by 80, 60 and 40% irrigation levels. However, maximum water productivity (0.35 kg m-3) at 80% irrigation level, while the lowest (0.21 kg m-3) was observed at 40% irrigation level. The results also indicated that to achieve maximum water productivity, crop ET would need to be at least 554 mm and the crop can save 19.2% (132 mm) of water with a compromise in yield reduction by 10.4% (225 kg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic species in laser-produced plasma plume are generally analyzed by the time-of-flight method using a charge collector placed near to the target surface. One of the shortcomings of these methods is sacrifice of the important information for large mass cluster ions and the different charge states of atomic ions. In the present manuscript, design, development, and optimization procedure of a modified Wiley–McLaren type time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for the diagnostics of ions and cluster distribution in laser produced plasma (LPP) plume is presented. Second harmonic (532 nm) from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate aluminium disk in a vacuum chamber evacuated to base pressure of 7 × 10−8 mbar. The mass spectrometric results of aluminium (Al) plasma are presented and discussed in detail. To minimize the degradation in detection and mass resolution of spectrometer due to the wide angular and energy spared of the ions in the plasma plume, optimization of the TOF spectrometer in different configurations, single as well as a double field, is also discussed. Cluster ions as large as and multiply charged ions (MCI) up to Al11+ are observed in the mass spectra. The possible pathways for the production of MCI and cluster ions are discussed on the basis of the Coulomb explosion mechanism. The dependence of ion distribution on the laser fluence is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the lateral interaction of two LBO plasma plumes in argon Ar ambient gas at high pressures were reported in a recent publication (Yadav et al 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 355201). Further, we have investigated the interaction characteristics of plumes in He, Ne, Ar and Xe gases to see the effect of atomic mass on the interaction. The present work illustrates the applicability of the present model for theoretical understanding of dynamics, structure, density variation, shock wave formations and their interactions of two propagating plasma plumes in a wide range of ambient conditions. The formation of interaction region, geometrical shape and strength of the shock fronts and subsequent regular and Mach reflections in accordance with the nature and pressure of ambient gas are successfully captured in the simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black color flower design saree which was worn by deceased used as ligature material(Fig-1) used for hanging, had running knot at right side of neck beneath mastoid tip(Fig-2). Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage intact.[6] Histopathological examination of neck tissue revel constriction band necrosis in muscle (Fig-3) with intimal tear in carotid artery (Fig-4). [Extracted from the article]

We study Brownian motion in a confining potential under a constant-rate resetting to a reset position x0. The relaxation of this system to the steady-state exhibits a dynamic phase transition, and is achieved in a light cone region which grows linearly with time. When an absorbing boundary is introduced, effecting a symmetry breaking of the system, we find that resetting aids the barrier escape only when the particle starts on the same side as the barrier with respect to the origin. We find that the optimal resetting rate exhibits a continuous phase transition with critical exponent of unity. Exact expressions are derived for the mean escape time, the second moment, and the coefficient of variation (CV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive osteosclerotic bone disorder associated with short stature and multiple bony abnormalities. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency may contribute to short stature in about 50% of patients. Available literature has rarely reported other pituitary hormone deficiencies in pyknodysostosis. Though the management remains conservative, recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been tried in selected patients. Here we present a case of pycnodysostosis which was evaluated for associated co-morbidities and found to have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. A 7-year-old girl was referred to our centre for evaluation of short stature. On examination, she had frontal and occipital bossing, limited mouth opening, hyperdontia with multiple carries, short and stubby digits and short stature. Investigation revealed dense sclerotic bones with frontal and occipital bossing, non-fusion of sutures with obtuse mandibular angle, non-pneumatised sinuses, small 'J' shaped sella turcica, acro-osteolysis of digits and absent medullary cavities. Cathepsin-K gene mutation analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pycnodysostosis. She was screened for associated co-morbidities and was found to have concomitant GH deficiency. Treatment with rhGH brought about an increase of 1 standard deviation score in height over 2 years and also unmasked central hypothyroidism at three months necessitating thyroxine replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral interaction between two geometrically modified plasma plumes in the presence of a transverse magnetic field has been investigated. Characteristic behavior of both seed plumes and the interaction region in the presence of the field is compared with those for the field free case. Contrary to the field free case, no sharp interaction zone is observed; rather large enhancement in emission intensities in both seed and interaction regions is observed in the case of a magnetic field. The observed results are explained on the basis of atomic analysis of the spectral lines from the interaction region of the interacting plumes. The physical processes responsible for higher electron temperature and increased ionic line emission from singly as well as doubly ionized aluminum are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization on four rhodium(II) complexes with the formula [Rh2(CH3COO)2(AMUH)2(dcda)2](CH3COO)2(1),[Rh2(CH3COO)2(AEUH)2(dcda)2](CH3COO)2(2),[Rh2(CH3COO)2(APrnUH)2(dcda)2](CH3COO)2(3),[Rh2(CH3COO)2(ABnUH)2(dcda)2](CH3COO)2(4), where AMUH = 1-amidino-O-methylurea, AEUH = 1-amidino-O-ethylurea, APrnUH = 1-amidino-O-n-propylurea, ABnUH = 1-amidino-O-n-butylurea, dcda = dicyandiamide are reported. The complexes were prepared by the reaction of dicyandiamide with rhodium(II) acetate in methanol (1), ethanol (2), n-propanol (3) and n-butanol (4) respectively and characterized by various techniques such as C, H, N analysis, FTIR, UV-Visible, EPR, conductance, SEM, EDX, powder XRD pattern and mass spectral studies. The interaction studies of the complexes with CT-DNA suggested the non-intercalative mode of binding for these complexes. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes against the tested microorganisms viz. Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using the standard antibiotics streptomycin as positive control is also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging trends of cloud computing and its vulnerability causes severe security risks/concerns on its users. In order to cope with these possible risks, appropriate taxonomies of identified vulnerabilities must be in place to handle those vulnerabilities effectively. In this paper we have developed the taxonomy to handle the possible attack vectors on a Cloud environment. Further this attack vector taxonomy will classify the existing vulnerability on Cloud computing and will act as input to our algorithm to build a defense security mechanism. We will implement a clear vision to handle the cloud security challenges that will ensure next generation security for Cloud computing. We have devolved the Metric Value of Attack vector & summarized the important issues related to security in Cloud Computing identified by ENISA, CSA, and NIST from current scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud systems deals with various computations and storage amenities with increased uptime to the services at low price. Cloud consumers are charged for arrangement of virtual machines by the cloud providers. Though, these machines can be offline or online may face several security problems. The significant aspect of infrastructures of the cloud systems deals with confidentiality, truthfulness, accessibility and ease of access. Security and accessibility is the serious concern in providing facilities to the cloud handlers without distractions in which various privacy problems are happened that disturbs the cloud practices. One of the serious concerns is the Distributed Denial of Service attack which is one of the key threats for cloud safety. The cloud possession are despoiled and deals with the critical factors which are having high impact in the cloud environment in case of the genuine consumers who are prominent to severe commercial losses, data robberies. This paper deals with the optimize model (Swarm Intelligence i.e. PSO and firefly) for the security analysis and vulnerabilities of the threats by considering the cloud computing scenario to achieve high protection for the users to have fault free processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compositional analysis of lithium plasma produced by front and back ablation of a LiF–C thin film to obtain the neutral and ionic contribution has been carried out in vacuum and at 2 × 10−1 mbar argon. Temporal evolution of the ionic to neutral ratio and neutral abundance for these geometries has been estimated. For neutral abundance, two approaches are explored: Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) analysis and integrated intensity ratio of the Li I 670.8 nm and Li I 610.3 nm lines assuming LTE conditions. We have demonstrated the precise measurement of neutral abundance irrespective of emission lines in these two geometries. We believe the present attempt will be interesting from the view point of understanding the evolution of plasma composition in various geometries/configurations of laser ablation, which has important implications in various applications e.g. pulsed laser deposition and laser cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was conducted to find the appropriate irrigation method, fertilization schedule and its influence on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam, neutral in reaction (pH 7.7), low in organic carbon (0.41%) and available nitrogen (167.0 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (19.1 kg ha-1) and potassium (208.0 kg ha-1). Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three irrigation methods in main plot viz., flood, furrow and drip; five nitrogen scheduling in sub plot viz., farmers practice, 4 splits, 6 splits, 8 splits and 10 splits. In flood method of irrigation all growth and quality parameter were recorded lowest. Thus, it may be concluded that to achieve highest millable cane and quality parameters, drip irrigation is a better option. The number of tillers (177.2 thousand ha-1), number of millable canes (123.3 thousand ha-1), cane length (367.98 cm), cane yield (168.51 t ha-1), commercial cane (CCS) yield (25.05 t ha-1) and economic return were found significantly higher under drip irrigation during first year. Similar trends were recorded during second year of experimentation. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were also recorded under drip irrigation during both the years. Similarly, water use efficiency and water productivity were found maximum under treatment of drip irrigation. Significantly highest number of tillers (165.6 thousand ha-1), millable canes (116.3 thousand ha-1), cane yield (154.72 t ha-1), dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, CCS yield (23.39 t ha-1) and economic return were recorded with 6 splits of nitrogen application. The overall effect of nitrogen scheduling was in the order of 6 splits > 8 splits > 10 splits > 4 splits > farmer’s practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, quantum mechanical descriptors have been used for the development of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models for the thirty-two derivatives of aryl sulphonamide and sulfone based 5-HT6 antagonists. Among several classes of serotonin 5-HT6 receptor ligands, aryl sulphonamides reported better affinity towards the receptor. Drugs acting as serotonin ligands are useful in the treatment of a variety of mental disorders. The descriptors that have been used in our study are total energy, log P, molecular weight, dipole moment, heat of formation, LUMO energy, HOMO energy and electrophilicity index. The geometry optimization and evaluation of descriptors of all the compounds has been done with the help of CAChe Pro software using DFT-B88-LYP method with double-zeta valence polarized (DZVP) basis set. The best QSAR model for this set of derivatives has been obtained by combination of descriptors molecular weight, dipole moment and heat of formation. The descriptor molecular weight gives a monoparametric QSAR model with remarkable predictive ability with positive contribution. The descriptor molecular weight is present in all best bi-parametric and tri-parametric QSAR models. Statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient, cross validation coefficient, standard error etc. were used to validate the predictability of QSAR models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield strength anomaly (YSA) and dynamic strain ageing (DSA) behaviour of advanced ultra-supercritical boiler grade wrought nickel-based superalloy IN 740H is studied by conducting tensile tests in temperature range 28–930°C and by employing strain rates 1 × 10−2, 1 × 10−3, 1 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−5 s−1 followed by extensive electron microscopic examination. Increase in yield strength accompanied by impairment of ductility indicates that YSA exists in alloy IN 740H in temperature range of 650–760°C. The electron microscopic observation confirms that YSA is due to pinning of dislocations by γ′ precipitates and shearing of γ′ precipitates in IN 740H. DSA is observed in the temperature range of 200–500°C and is predominant at 300°C. The nature of serrated plastic flow due to DSA is dependent on the temperature and strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic waste (e-waste) generation is one of the major emerging problems of the modern era and requires consideration at the global, national and local levels. Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, is one of the biggest hubs of e-waste recycling in India, where almost 50% of printed circuit boards (PCBs) waste of the country is being handled with the engagement of more than 50,000 people. Black ash of PCBs is overtly dumped after carrying out recycling processes in the vicinity. The dumping is affecting the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the vicinity due to this black powder ash. Analysis of ewaste black ash sample was carried out for metal content using ICP-OES. A significant amount of lead, copper, barium, tin, aluminium, silica, etc. was found in the e-waste black powder, which indicates the potential utilization of e-waste black powder in many applications. Hence there is an immediate need of an environment-friendly technology for e-waste recycling and to safeguard the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drip irrigation is one of the essential, advanced and innovative irrigation methods over surface irrigation. In view of this, an experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of drip irrigation system over surface irrigation in onion during Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 and Kharif 2014 and 2015. The results revealed that drip irrigation system performed superior over surface irrigation system in terms of superior plant morphology, yield and quality of bulb. Drip irrigation recorded maximum plant height (66.37 cm & 61.88), number of leaves (9.23 & 8.00) and neck thickness (1.62 cm & 1.30 cm) in both Rabi and Kharif seasons. The bulb equatorial and polar diameter, higher gross yield as well as marketable yield obtained in drip irrigation system. In drip, gross yield and marketable yield increased 18.16% and 24.49%, respectively over surface irrigation method and better water use efficiency and also saved 29.36% and 27.12% water during Rabi and Kharif seasons, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel truncated annular microstrip monopole antenna with partial ground for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications is designed and fabricated. Proposed antenna consists of overlapping a circular patch with truncated annular patch, fed by a stepped microstrip line designed on commercially available low cost FR‐4 substrate covering the UWB band from 3.0 to 42.8 GHz for return‐loss better than −10 dB. The designed antenna is very compact in size occupying 35 × 32 × 1.6 mm3. The full‐wave electromagnetic simulation software HFSS was used to estimate the return‐loss, radiation patterns, and gain of a proposed antenna. The measured results of return‐loss are also presented in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many inflammatory responses including chemotaxis, production of nitric oxide, and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunological cells are mediated by p38MAPK. Due to its pivotal role, p38MAPK has been extensively explored as a molecular target for inhibition of chronic inflammation; however, it has not been successful so far due to serious toxicity issues. Among several downstream substrates of p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) has been reported to be a direct and essential downstream component in regulation of innate immune and inflammatory responses. Thus, in this study, we aimed to understand relative molecular differences between p38 and MK2 kinase inhibition in terms of a comparative anti-inflammatory potential along with molecular regulation of toxicity biomarkers such as Phospho c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (pJNK), caspase-3, and hepatic enzyme levels in relevant human cells in vitro. Results: Both p38 and MK2 inhibitors attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory biomarkers expression. In addition, both these kinase inhibitors inhibited release of Th1 and Th17 cytokines in phytohemagglutinin-induced cells with MK2 inhibitor showing a better potency for inhibition of Th1 cytokine release, interferon-γ. In the mechanistic differentiation studies, p38 inhibitors displayed an increase in pJNK and caspase-3 activity in U937 cells and elevation in aspartate transaminase enzyme in HepG2 cells, whereas MK2 inhibitor did not show such adverse toxic effects. Conclusion: Taken together, inhibition of MK2 kinase can be a relatively preferred strategy as an anti-inflammatory therapy over direct inhibition of p38 kinase in p38MAPK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and Eco-compatible synthesis of benzofuran derivatives (4a-4h) has been carried out at platinum electrode by electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the presence of active methylene groups. Electro- organic synthesis has been performed in an undivided cell at ambient conditions. The products of electrolysis have been purified and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and mechanism was deduced by voltammetric studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR Central Potato Research Station Gwalior, MP, during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of intra-row spacing, nitrogen levels and date of haulm killing on production of higher proportion of seed size tubers in early bulking variety Kufri Khyati. Treatments consisted of two intra-row spacing (15 cm and 20 cm), two dates of haulm killing (70 and 80 days) and two nitrogen levels (120 and 150 kg ha-1). Treatments were replicated three times with split plot design. Germination percentage was significantly higher in 20 cm spacing (96.76%) over 15 cm spacing (88.12%). Non-significant differences were recorded among different parameters for growth attributes. Significantly highest seed size tuber and total tuber number was recorded in 15cm spacing (405000 ha-1 and 716000 ha-1) over 20 cm spacing (337000 ha-1 and 605000 ha-1) respectively. Non-significant but highest seed size tuber number (432000 ha-1 and 427000 ha-1) was recorded in 15 cm intra-row spacing×80 days haulm killing×150 kg N and 15 cm intra - row spacing×70 days haulm killing×120 kg N respectively. Seed size and total tuber yield (t ha-1) was in significantly higher 15 cm spacing (22.44 t ha-1 and 33.16 t ha-1) over 20 cm spacing (19.81 t ha-1 and 29.84 t ha-1). Significantly higher severe mosaic incidence (0.87%) was observed with 80 days haulm killing over 70 days. Hence 15 cm intra - row spacing×70 days haulm killing×120 kg N was most suitable for getting higher proportion of seed size tubers in Kufri Khyati. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The north eastern region (NER) of India receives bountiful rains (>2000 mm) annually. However, there is extreme water scarcity during post- and premonsoon season (November-March). In such a situation, roof water harvesting (RWH) holds promise for multiple livelihood opportunities. RWH unit with polyfilm lined water collection tank of 37 m³ storage capacity (i.e. 5.5 × 4.5 × 1.5 m³) was demonstrated at 11 farmers fields mostly on hill tops in the Ri-Bhoi district (Meghalaya). The average demonstration area was 500 m²/farmer in the vicinity of homesteads (kitchen gardens). Volume of water harvested in a collection tank was about 53 m³ including about 16 m³ harvested during dry season due to seasonal replenishment. The cost of water harvesting was estimated at about Rs 144 and Rs 119/m³ considering lifespan of five and ten years respectively. Farmers used harvested water for diversified activities such as raising crops [maize, broccoli, French bean, laipatta (Brassica juncea), tomato, etc.] and livestock (pig or poultry) in addition to domestic use. The farmers without RWH could use land only during rainy season for crop cultivation. On an average, the net income from each RWH based model (500 m² demonstration area) was Rs 14,910 for crop + piggery and Rs 11,410 for crop + poultry farming which was 261 and 176% higher, respectively than the normal farmers' practice. Similarly, employment and water use efficiency enhanced by 221 and 586%; and 168 and 218% under crop + piggery and crop + poultry based farming respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]