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The cocoa tree is prone to diverse diseases such as stem borer, stem canker, swollen shot, and root rot disease which impedes high yield. Early disease detection is a critical component of diverse management processes that are implemented throughout the life cycle of cocoa plants. Consequently, several studies on the application of detection techniques to recognize diseases have been proposed by several researchers. This study proposes the YOLOv5m network for cocoa tree disease detection. The development of cocoa disease detection systems will aid farmers in early identification prompt response, and efficient management of related cocoa tree diseases which will ultimately increase yield and sustainability. To improve the performance of the YOLOv5m network, a Swin Transformer (Swin-T) was added to the backbone network to improve cocoa tree disease detection accuracy. By obtaining global information, the K-means++ algorithm was added to modify the choice of initial clustering locations, and Efficient Intersection over Union Loss (EIoU) was used as a bounding box regression loss function to speed up the bounding box regression rate, resulting in higher precision of the YOLOv5m network. The experimental assessment outcome of this study showed that the proposed method YOLOv5m (Swin-T, K-means++, EIoU) achieved 96% precision, mAP of 92%, and recall of 94%. Compared to the original YOLOv5m, precision improved by 5%, mAP improved by 6%, and recall by 5%. Comparing the proposed method to the conventional YOLOv5m, the latter showed improved performance and better accuracy with a high detection speed and compactness. This improvement offers a useful and effective method for detecting diseases related to cocoa trees.

During the lightning spectral observation, the spectral intensity is significantly reduced due to instrumental factors and other factors. The spectral intensity attenuation significantly affects the accuracy of temperature calculations. Temperature, as a fundamental parameter, is inextricably linked to other parameters within the lightning discharge channel, and accurate determination of the plasma temperature is crucial for gaining insights into the dynamic and physical processes of the discharge. Up to now, there have been no detailed and definitive reports on the influence of instrumental response on tall building lightning spectroscopy and temperature diagnostics.Based on the spectral analysis of a lightning return stroke channel spectrum, the spectral is corrected by accounting for the instrumental response. Then, the spectral structure and line intensities before and after correction are compared and analyzed. Nitrogen ionized (NII) lines in the visible region and neutral oxygen (OI) lines in the near-infrared region are selected for temperature calculations using the multi-line method. The influence of spectral correction on the temperature analysis of the tall building lightning return stroke channel is investigated. Results show that after correction, the intensity of spectral lines is significantly enhanced. In particular, the spectral line structure in the visible region changes significantly, while the spectral line structure in the near-infrared region changes little. The continuum radiation in the visible region of the corrected tall building lightning spectrum is significantly enhanced, which is different from the results of natural cloud-to-ground lightning spectra after considering the instrumental response correction. Due to the significant enhancement of the continuum radiation intensity in the visible region resulting from the spectral correction, the continuum radiation intensity should be subtracted when using NII lines in the visible region to calculate the tall building lightning temperature. In this case, the coefficient of fitted line and the calculation accuracy increases, while the average temperature decreases by 4660 K compared to that before correction. Conversely, since the original continuum radiation intensity of tall building lightning spectra in the near-infrared region is relatively low, the spectral correction has little effect on the continuum spectrum intensity. Therefore, after spectral correction, when using OI lines in the near-infrared region to calculate the temperature, the determination coefficient of the linear fitting increases, resulting in improved fitting performance and an increase of 1540 K in the average temperature.

The existing seam carving tamper detection algorithms have the problems of low detection accuracy and weak robustness for the case of low scaling factor. A seam carving tamper detection algorithm integrated with hybrid attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, BayarConv2D constrained convolution is used to preprocess the image, fully learn the noise characteristics of the image, and fuse the features with RGB image through matrix multiplication. Then, ResNet is used as the backbone network for feature learning, and the residual propagation and residual feedback mechanisms are introduced to highlight the operation traces of seam carving. Finally, the hybrid attention mechanism is used to simultaneously extract the features between adjacent locations and channels to better capture the global features, and then input them into the full connection layer to achieve classification. The experimental results show that on the BOSSBase1.01 dataset, when the scaling factor is 1% and 9%, the detection accuracy of the proposed method reaches 89.48% and 97.94% respectively, which is better than existing mainstream methods. At the same time, it has lower computational complexity and better robustness, and can resist JPEG compression attacks.

Pelvic exenteration is often required for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision (PRC-bTME) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Some patients with radical resection can achieve long-term survival, but they need to face risks, such as huge surgical trauma, serious perioperative complications, permanent loss of organ function and decline in quality of life. Preoperative evaluation of PRC-bTME and LRRC should emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration and develop individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies. The principles of function preservation and risk-benefit balance in surgery oncology should be followed, and R0 resection should be emphasized. Perioperative complications, surgical trauma and organ function loss should be minimized to achieve the best quality control and balance point. This consensus was formulated by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Gastrointestinal Surgery Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. The draft was formed based on the summary of domestic and foreign research progress and expert experience. After discussion, review and modification by experts, an anonymous voting was conducted for each major opinion, and in-depth verification was carried out according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration with primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition) was formed. This consensus mainly summarizes the indications and contraindications of pelvic exenteration (PE) for PRC-bTME and LRRC, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, perioperative treatment, as well as the resection scope, surgical methods, reconstruction of related organs, safety and complications of PE, postoperative follow-up and other issues, in order to provide guidance for PE in patients with PRC-bTME and LRRC.

To investigate the impact of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with colorectal cancer, we conducted a randomized controlled trial. Eighty elderly patients who underwent elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to either the GDFT group or the conventional fluid therapy group. The primary outcome was the incidence of POCD during the initial 7 postoperative days, while secondary outcomes included inflammatory marker levels such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and S100β protein, hemodynamics, level of lactic acid, postoperative functional recovery, and complications. Among 88 randomized patients, 80 were evaluable for the primary outcome. The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the GDFT group (15.0%) compared to the conventional fluid therapy group (30.0%), with the highest occurrence observed on day 3 postoperatively in both groups (P < 0.05). IL-6 and S100β concentrations were consistently lower in the GDFT group than in the conventional fluid therapy group at the corresponding time points (P < 0.05). The GDFT group exhibited more stable perioperative hemodynamics and lower lactate levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the GDFT group exhibited better postoperative functional recovery indicators and a lower incidence of postoperative complications (P < 0.05). In summary, GDFT appears to reduce the incidence of early POCD, accelerate postoperative recovery, and enhance overall prognosis.

Abstract The development of advanced materials capable of autonomous self-healing and mechanical stimulus sensing in aquatic environments holds great promise for applications in underwater soft electronics, underwater robotics, and water-resistant human-machine interfaces. However, achieving superior autonomous self-healing properties and effective sensing simultaneously in an aquatic environment is rarely feasible. Here, we present an ultrafast underwater molecularly engineered self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer inspired by the cephalopod’s suckers, which possess self-healing properties and mechanosensitive ion channels. Through strategic engineering of hydrophobic C–F groups, hydrolytic boronate ester bonds, and ions, the material achieves outstanding self-healing efficiencies, with speeds of 94.5% (9.1 µm/min) in air and 89.6% (13.3 µm/min) underwater, coupled with remarkable pressure sensitivity (18.1 kPa–1) for sensing performance. Furthermore, integration of this mechanosensitive device into an underwater submarine for signal transmission and light emitting diode modulation demonstrates its potential for underwater robotics and smarter human-machine interactions.

Improving the heat resistance of bio-based and biodegradable polyesters is of great significance to extend their applications. Herein, N,N’-trans-1,4-cyclohexane-bis(pyrrolidone-4-methyl carboxylate) (T-CBPMC) was prepared through efficient Michael-addition reaction between dimethyl itaconate and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine. The obtained T-CBPMC was copolymerized into aliphatic poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and a series of PBSPs copolymers with T-CBPMC (BP) molar percentages between 41−80 mol % and weight average molecular weight (Mw) values ranging between 5.77*104 and 6.67*104 g/mol were prepared. BP units efficiently facilitated the melting temperature (203-251 °C) and isothermal-crystallization rate (t1/2 < 20 s) of PBSPs, endowing the highest heat resistance among commercial biodegradable polyesters, which helps maintain stable in pasteurization, high-temperature disinfection, and microwave environments. Moreover, these copolymers displayed remarkable mechanical, gas barrier properties and degradability. PBSP40-PBSP60 obtained high elastic modulus (335–872 MPa) and tensile strength (24.7–31.5 MPa), and good toughness simultaneously. Multiple-ring structures and large steric hindrance of BP units resulted in superior O2 barrier performance than that of non-degradable PET films. Importantly, the PBSP copolyesters showed obvious degradation in water environments and relatively better enzymatic degradation. It was interesting to find that even with 70 % of the BP units, the PBSP copolyesters still retained hydrolysis ability. The resulting PBSP copolyesters open the way for alternative candidates of biodegradable packaging materials with rapid crystallization, high heat-resistance and gas barrier.

Aiming at the defects of the existing probabilistic hesitation fuzzy distance measures, which require the number of membership degree to be consistent and the order to be rearranged, a probabilistic hesitation fuzzy multi-attribute decision making method based on the comprehensive characteristic distance measure is proposed. First, a new law of probability hesitant fuzzy number comparison is defined. Then four characteristics of aggregation, discreteness, fuzziness and consistency are defined, and a new comprehensive distance measure is defined based on definitions above. Finally, on the basis of traditional TODIM method and prospect theory, the validity and rationality of the distance measure and new probability hesitant fuzzy recognition method in this paper are verified by examples and comparative analysis.

Channel current is an important parameter of the lightning discharge, but it's difficult to be directly measured due to the randomness and instantaneity of the natural lightning. The channel luminosity, however, is relatively easier to obtain. If there is a definite relationship between channel current and luminosity, the channel current can be estimated based on its luminosity. The correlation between the current and luminosity of lightning channel can be obtained through artificially triggered lightning experiments, during which the channel current can be directly measured and close-range optical observations of the lightning channel can be carried out.Base on observations of an artificially triggered lightning obtained at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA_FEBLS) in 2022, characteristic parameters of the channel-base current, the luminosity of the metal-vaporized channel, and their correlation are analyzed. The spatial movement of the metal-vaporized channel during the multiple return stroke processes is distinguished using still image with high spatial resolution. Combined with the high-speed video camera images and the channel current data, the correlation between the luminosity of the metal-vaporized channel and the channel current in the process of return strokes, and M components are studied. The results show that compared with the peak current, its squared value has stronger correlation with the peak luminosity for 13 return strokes. For the return stroke followed by a long continuing current, as well as the return stroke decay stage, both the current and M components superimposed on it show good linear correlations with the channel luminosity, with correlation coefficients of 0.981 and 0.988, respectively. However, the slope values of correlation fitting lines for the channel current versus the channel luminosity of the return stroke decay stage and the subsequent continuing current are obviously different. For M components superimposed on the long continuing current, a time delay for the peak luminosity relative to the peak current is revealed, and it is found that a smaller pulse peak current corresponds to a larger delay time.

The tomato crop is more susceptible to disease than any other vegetable, and it can be infected with over 200 diseases caused by different pathogens worldwide. Tomato plant diseases have become a challenge to food security globally. Currently, diagnosing and preventing tomato plant diseases is a challenge due to the lack of essential methods or tools. The traditional techniques of detecting plant disease are arduous and error-prone. Utilizing precise or automatic detection methods in spotting early plant disease can improve the quality of food production and reduce adverse effects. Deep learning has significantly increased the recognition accuracy of image classification and object detection systems in recent years. In this study, a 15-layer convolutional neural network is proposed as the backbone for single shot detector (SSD) to improve the detection of healthy, and three classes of tomato fruit diseases. The proposed model performance is compared with ResNet-50, AlexNet, VGG 16, and VGG19 as the backbone for Single shot detector. The findings of the experiment showed that the proposed CNN-SDD achieved 98.87% higher detection accuracy, which outperformed state-of-the-art models.

Tall object not only has a high probability of being struck by downward lightning, but also is easy to trigger upward lightning. Comparing with 2D optical observation, reconstructed 3D observation by dual-station optical observation can better reflect the real characteristics of the lightning channel. Based on the synchronous dual-station optical observations from the Tall-Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG), an upward lightning triggered by a nearby positive cloud-to-ground (CG) flash at Guangzhou Tower is investigated, and 2D and 3D development characteristics of the upward leader are compared.The result shows that the length of 3D channel is 5.4 km, which is 1.5 times of 2D channel. 3D channel is developed at a height of more than 4.6 km in the vertical direction and about 800 m in the horizontal direction. 2D speed ranges from 1.8×104 to 4.5×105 m·s-1, with an average of 1.8×105 m·s-1. 3D speed ranges from 3.8×104 to 7.2×105 m·s-1, with an average value of 2.8×105 m·s-1. Within 10 ms after the leader initiation, 3D and 2D speeds show roughly the same trend. After 10 ms, 2D rate decreases significantly and changes little over time, while 3D speed shows an obvious irregular fluctuation with time. The ratio of 3D speed and 2D speed ranges from 1 to 4.7, with an average of 1.5. The ratio remains stable at 1-2 for the first 10 ms after leader initiation and then shows irregular fluctuations with time. In fact, due to the change of horizontal development direction of the channel 10 ms after the leader initiation, the distance between the channel and the station-1 increases rapidly, leading to increasing speed difference between 3D and 2D observations. The cause for the fluctuation of 3D speed and 2D speed ratio is that the angle between the development direction of the channel and the sight direction of the observation station changes greatly. The results of 2D and 3D vary greatly at a certain stage of upward leader development, which further proves the importance of analyzing 3D development characteristics of lightning.

[Objective] The adaptability and landscape application effects of rainwater garden plants were studied using a multi-index from a biodiversity perspective in order to provide a scientific reference for the optimal allocation of rainwater garden plant communities in Beijing City. [Methods] A field investigation was conducted to analyze and understand the diversity characteristics of rain garden plant communities. Quantitative analysis was used to construct a landscape evaluation model of rain garden plant communities to classify and evaluate 15 typical rain garden plant communities. [Results] ① There were 45 species of rain garden plants belonging to 43 genera and 20 families in Beijing sponge city pilot area. The dominant plant families were mainly Compositae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Crassulaceae, etc. There was little difference in the index values of different plots in the pilot area, the richness of herbaceous plants was similar, and the concentration of plant species was consistent in the investigated plots. ② The comprehensive evaluation of the rain garden plant community landscape in the pilot area was at a high level, and the evaluation of the rain garden plant community landscape was significantly higher than that of road rain garden plant community landscape. Due to the influence of the pollution in surface runoff in the region causing differences in plant growth, the plant community structure was different at different sites. [Conclusion] In the future, it will be necessary to strengthen regular monitoring and evaluation of constructed rain garden plant communities, screen out dominant species, and summarize the stable plant community allocation patterns and maintenance management methods in order to provide a reference for the selection and configuration of rain garden plants in Beijing City.

The abundance of digital images has been facilitated by smartphones and inexpensive storage. Digital forensic investigation requires the processing of tons of digital images collected on devices to either identify or validate the device's user or to ascertain whether the operator has any connections to the case that would be of interest. Examining and evaluating heterogeneous activity presents several difficulties, including variability, complex interaction across information, and volume. Digital forensics processes are said to need the inspection and analysis stages. This research presents a hybrid optimization of the Grey Wolf and artificial bee colony (GW-ABC) optimization with deep learning model Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) i.e., GW-ABC-CNN, and the developed framework is integrated as a module for Autopsy software. The main objective of this research is to detect the heterogeneous activity of humans from the Heterogeneous Human Activity Recognition (HHAR) database. The developed model is integrated into the data-source ingest module; in this module, pre-processing, feature extraction, and detection process is performed. Moreover, in the pre-processing stage, the Min-Max normalization method is used and the required frequency and time features are extracted using the GW-ABC method. In addition, CNN is used to detect heterogeneous activity; this detection process is performed by four layers. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed model is assessed, and the outcomes of using the GW-ABC-CNN paradigm were compared to those of other strategies to evaluate the model's effectiveness.

The concept of digitalization and intelligence is constantly emerging with the rapid development of information technology, and the in-depth integration of digital intelligence empowerment and teacher education development has garnered significant attention. In this paper, we first examine the stage of teacher development under digital empowerment, tracing the path of teacher education development. We then construct the digital and intelligent TPACK model, as well as the model of teacher education development ability. Subsequently, we adopt a BP neural network to evaluate teacher education development and optimize it using a genetic algorithm. After testing the model, we develop a teacher education development evaluation system based on the GA-BP algorithm, which we then apply and analyze. This paper’s optimized model reduced absolute and relative errors by 418.281 and 3.53%, respectively, compared to the traditional model, and improved the overall goodness of fit by 0.0144. Following the implementation of the system in this paper, the teacher assessment analysis revealed an average teaching ability score of 89.75 for teachers majoring in Japanese foreign language, and 90.26 for those majoring in English foreign language. Notably, the average level of English foreign language majors and their various dimension levels were both higher. Secondly, foreign language teachers with two years of training have an average teaching ability score of 91.32, which is 5.07 points higher than those with only one year of training. It proves the effectiveness of the practical application of this system, and this paper also provides suggestions for the development of teacher education by both teachers and schools, which is of practical significance for the optimization and improvement of foreign language teachers’ education in colleges and universities.

This paper explores the innovative path of news dissemination based on multivariate data chain network, through the design and implementation of a multivariate data chain integrated planning system, to improve the transmission efficiency and accessibility of the data chain network, and then optimize the effect of news dissemination. The study designs a multivariate data chain integrated planning system, considering the constraints of delay and transmission, and uses Poisson distribution and queuing theory to analyze the access delay of the data chain. It is found that the access delay can be effectively reduced by controlling the generation and transmission process of data packets. Secondly, the C-RTT algorithm is proposed to optimize the synchronous time slot allocation in Link16 network, which is experimentally demonstrated to improve the time slot utilization by 1.64% to 6.57% and significantly increase the network capacity. Further, the multivariate datalink dissemination model outperforms the traditional news dissemination method regarding news content perception, environmental awareness, news reliability, and environmental behavioral intention. The application of multivariate data chain network has significant advantages in news dissemination and has substantial impacts on the development of news industry.

With the continuous emergence of network and information security challenges, international trade frictions and other issues, the demand for localization, independence and controllability of products is becoming more and more intense. As a result, domestic hardware and software solutions will be gradually adopted to replace foreign solutions for the key control system in the field of rail transit. This paper briefly describes the architecture of the domestic traction and network control system for the standardized subway platform, and focuses on the selection of the hardware and software, such as CPUs, embedded operating systems and graphical development software. It also details the hardware scheme, software structure, and migration and adaptation process of the software and hardware for the traction and network control system, and makes a comparative analysis on the functions and performances of the domestic operating system and VxWorks. Through a series of software functional tests such as verification of traction/electric braking characteristics and networking, conclusions are drawn that the domestic traction and network control system features excellent performance parameters, stable and reliable operation, normal traction/electric braking characteristics, network delay of the system in microseconds, and jitter of the sub-microsecond level, which meet the requirements of the standardized subway platform, and therefore it can be used for 100% localization as an equivalent substitute.

Objective By collecting the patient information in the Colon Cancer Database of Peking Union Medical College Hospital since its establishment, we aim to demonstrate the completeness of the clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data to provide reference for single-center database establishment. Methods We collected 33 surgical patient information entries from the single-center prospective registry database of Colon Cancer at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 5, 2016 to May 11, 2022, including demographic characteristics, features of the primary lesion, surgical and pathological information and postoperative complications, and calculated the missing rate of each entry as well as the follow-up data. Results A total of 1682 patients with colon cancer were included in the analysis, in which 981 patients were male and 701 patients were female, with an average age of (62.75±11.97) years. The postoperative complication rate was 15.6% (263/1682). Among the data entries, demographic features such as sex, age, ethnic group as well as the pathologic staging were collected without missing. The relatively high-missing entries were the colonoscopy tumor site with a missing rate of 12.2%, followed by immunohistochemical information of mismatch repair with a missing rate of 8.0%. The missing rate of all 33 entries was distributed in 0-12.2%, of which 81.8% (27/33) were less than 1% and 93.9% (31/33) were less than 5%. As for follow-up data, the percentage of patients with complete missing follow-up was 1.7%, which meant 98.3% patients had available survival data. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up rates of patients enrolled before July 2, 2020 (patients enrolled after this date did not have regular follow-up information in a uniform format due to data migration) were 55.02%, 70.96%, 72.02%, 65.42% and 70.91%, respectively, and the 2-year complete follow-up rate was 19.5%. Conclusion The low rate of missing statistical entries and the high follow-up rate of our center's database has certain reference value for database establishment, but there is still room for improvement in terms of continuous follow-up.

Objective: To use lactic acid bacteria to ferment salt-free sauerkraut. Methods: By considering the fermentation characteristics and bacterial inhibition capacity of the strains, lactic acid bacteria with high acid production capacity and bacterial inhibition capacity were selected to make a mixed ferment. Then, the fermentation process was optimized using single-factor tests and response surface tests. Results: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were selected as the fermenting strains with high growth activity, acid production capacity and bacterial inhibition capacity, and fermented at 30 ℃. The colour and odour of the sauerkraut prepared under this process condition was good and the organoleptic quality was optimal. Conclusion: Fermentation of sauerkraut with lactic acid bacteria under salt-free conditionsis the most effective means of controlling the fermentation process and optimizing product quality, ensuring stable fermentation and high quality sauerkraut.

Our pre-investigation has revealed that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) AL137789.1 has the potential to predict the survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma (PCa). Accordingly, the mechanism underlying the implication of AL137789.1 in PCa is covered in the current study. The non-tumor and paired tumor tissues were collected. Kaplan–Meier curve was employed to estimate the survival of PCa patients with high or low expression of AL137789.1. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of PCa cells were determined, and the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was evaluated as well. Levels of AL137789.1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were quantified. According to the experimental results, AL137789.1 was highly expressed in PCa and related to a poor prognosis of patients. Overexpressed AL137789.1 enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells, increased the cell population at G2/M and S phases yet decreased that in G0/G1 phase, and diminished the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Also, overexpressed AL137789.1 elevated levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin, while lessening E-cadherin levels. However, the silencing of AL137789.1 produced contrary effects. Collectively, lncRNA AL137789.1 plays a tumor-promotive role in PCa by enhancing the progression and immune escape.

At present, coal mine gas explosion accident reports are in text record format. The specific cause information of the accident is contained in unstructured text, and there is a lack of professional accident dictionary. In order to solve the problem that manual analysis of accidents is time-consuming and laborious, low efficiency, and the analysis results are easily affected by subjectivity, and objectively extract the causes of accidents, we take “24Model of the cause of accident” as the theoretical basis of accident analysis, take the report of serious gas explosion accident in coal mine as the sample database, and construct the dictionary database of accident causes; with the help of information extraction technology, an accident cause information extraction algorithm based on rule pattern is proposed. The extraction results show that the extracted cause factors cover 90% of the manual analysis. This method provides theoretical support for rapid extraction of accident cause information in unstructured case base.

Colonic diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal disease which can be acute or chronic in course. In this paper we report the management of a patient with chronic colonic diverticulitis. The patient had an atypical clinical presentation, whose imaging showed a high likelihood of occupying lesions. PET/CT showed hypermetabolism focus and colonoscopy saw mucosal thickening, pathological return of inflammation in the acute phase, which were difficult in differential diagnosis with colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. After comprehensive consideration, follow-up observation was recommended and the diagnosis was finally clarified. The management of this patient demonstrates the importance of evidence-based medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Shuganjieyu Formula on the rat model of constipation irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and its effects on 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and to explore their mechanism of regulating brain-gut axis function.MethodsTotally fourty rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in each group, including normal control group, model group, low (5 mg/kg) and high (20 mg/kg) doses of Shuganjieyu Formula groups. Except for the normal control group, the other three groups of rats were gavaged with ice water for preparing the IBS-C model. Subsequently, the low and high doses groups of rats were treated with Shuganjieyu Formula for 2 weeks via oral gavage. The body weight of rats, total particle number and water content of fecal in the four groups were observed for 28 days. At last, serum of inferior vena cava and colon were collected from rats after anesthesia of 3% pentobarbital sodium. The morphological changes of colon tissue and the count of mast cells (MC) were observed with light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of 5-HT in the colon of rats in each group. The serum levels of 5-HT, CRH and ACTH were detected by ELISA.ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the body weight of rats in IBS-C model group increased slowly, the number of fecal grains and the fecal water content decreased (P

Sensing properties of the human skin are inspiring for the design of stretchable iontronics but achieving self-healing properties, elasticity and effective control of ion dynamics at the same time is challenging. Here, the Authors report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material and realize good self-healing properties and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics.

It is of great importance to establish the One Pipeline Network(OPN) to implement the national oil and gas system reform and the new national energy security strategy, as well as to build a unified national market. Herein, the pain spots faced by the construction and operation of oil and gas infrastructures were summarized by studying the 14th Five Year Plan for modern energy system issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration in 2022. Meanwhile, the definition and connotation of OPN was proposed by referring to the practical experience in construction of intelligent power grid of the State Grid and Alibaba Cloud's industrial brain for digital transformation of enterprises. Thereby, it was recommended to establish the market prediction and analysis model of oil and gas resources, the natural gas logistics balance and optimization model, the analysis and optimization model of natural gas pipeline hydraulic system, the value evaluation model, the geographic information system and the network layout methodology for OPN, so as to realize the co-construction and sharing of relevant data, algorithm and computing power in OPN, promote the establishment of OPN, and achieve the reform goal of building a unified national oil and gas market.(1 Figure, 20 References)

With the rapid development of renewable energy,the role of energy storage has become increasingly prominent. In terms of sizing problems of shared energy storage to provide primary frequency regulation for multiple renewable energy stations,an optimal energy storage configuration method is proposed aiming to minimize the total cost of shared energy storage investors. Firstly,the empirical distribution of historical frequency data is fitted,and the result is used to generate frequency data to further configure the energy storage. Then,based on the frequency data,an optimal configuration model of energy storage is developed which meets the requirements of primary frequency regulation. The primary frequency regulation constraints,energy storage rate characteristics constraints,and primary frequency regulation participation rate constraints and so on are considered in the optimal configuration model. The model is a mixed-integer linear programming model which can be solved by mature solvers. Finally,the proposed method is simulated and analyzed according to the actual frequency data,and the configuration results of the lithium-ion battery and flywheel are compared. The results show that the total cost can be reduced by installing shared energy storage compared with independent energy storage. Although the capacity of the lithium-ion battery energy storage systems is significantly greater than that of flywheel energy storage systems,the total cost of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems is lower.

We first assemble a full set of the Boltzmann Equation in Diffusion Approximation (BEDA) for studying thermalization/hydrodynamization and quark production in out of equilibrium systems. We then discuss thermalization and the production of three flavors of massless quarks in spatially homogeneous systems initially filled only with gluons. A complete parametric understanding for thermalization and quark production is obtained for both initially very dense or dilute systems, which are complemented by detailed numerical simulations. For initial distributions more relevant for heavy-ion collisions, the complete thermal equilibration is found to be significantly delayed by considering quark production.

Engine vibration and noise are one of the important factors that affect the comfort of drivers and passengers during driving, and active control technology of engine mounts can effectively realize dynamic adjustment of stiffness during low-frequency vibration and high-frequency vibration, reduce the vibration and noise generated by the engine under different working conditions and significantly enhance driving comfort. This paper uses control theories such as feedforward control and feedback control to design a fusion control strategy, and combines the suspension control model to form a suspension active control scheme. The control scheme is verified and optimized in laboratory and in actual vehicle. Test results show that the active control technology of engine mount has a significant control effect on engine vibration in various frequency bands, and the vibration amplitude of engine in a specific frequency band is reduced by more than 80%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

Objective Bilateral medial medullary infarction (MMI) is prone to misdiagnosis. This study summarizes the clinical characteristics of MMI, in order to provide reference to clinicians. Methods and Results The clinical data of the 3 patients with acute bilateral MMI treated in Ruijin Hospital North Campus affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2017 to January 2022 were collected. All 3 patients had acute onset, one case had acute myelitis⁃like manifestations (rapidly progressive quadriplegia), one case had intractable hiccup, and the other one had unilateral limb numbness and fatigue as the first manifestation, accompanied by hypoglossal palsy. The head MRI showed acute bilateral MMI (one case without acute lesions on early MRI). Two cases were misdiagnosed because of either presenting lower motor neuron damage signs or having atypical symptoms. All patients improved after antithrombotic therapy for acute cerebral infarction. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of acute bilateral MMI are diverse, and it's easy to be misdiagnosed in the early stage. The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical manifestations and head MRI, which requires early recognition and timely antithrombotic treatment for acute cerebral infarction. The main distinguishing points are whether there are risk factors for stroke, upper motor neuron damage signs, and the treatment was effective.

Artificially triggered lightning refers to the lightning that is artificially triggered to the ground under appropriate thunderstorm conditions. The location of artificially triggered lightning can be determined; the occurring time can be precisely stamped, and the channel-base current can be measured directly. Therefore, it's one of the effective methods to evaluate the performance of lightning location system (LLS). From the observations of artificially triggered lightning experiment conducted at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration from 2014 to 2019, 50 lightning flashes are selected to evaluate and analyze the performance characteristics of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Lightning Location System (GHMLLS).The results show that the lightning detection efficiency and stroke detection efficiency are about 96% (48/50) and 88% (233/265), respectively. The arithmetic mean, geometric mean and median values of location error are 279 m, 193 m and 202 m, respectively. The results show that there is a systematic deviation to the southwest in GHMLLS observations around the triggered lightning experiment site, which is about 170 m to the west and 50 m to the south. After correction, the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and median values of location error are reduced to 198 m, 108 m and 103 m, respectively. The linear fitting result with intercept of 0 shows that the LLS-inferred peak current of GHMLLS is about 65% of the direct measurement value of the channel-base current. Meanwhile, the arithmetic mean (median) value of the LLS-inferred peak current error is -37% (-36%). However, there is a strong positive correlation and the correlation coefficient is 0.93. The arithmetic mean (median) value of the absolute value of the LLS-inferred peak current error is reduced to 15% (12%) when the ratio of 65% is used to correct them. Among 233 return strokes of triggered lightning flashes, 16 return strokes are mistakenly classified as intra-cloud lightning, so the return stroke classification accuracy of GHMLLS is 93%. The peak currents of these mistakenly classified return strokes are lower, the stations available for locating are fewer, and the errors of location and LLS-inferred peak current are larger.In conclusion, GHMLLS have good detection efficiency and location accuracy. The return stroke classification accuracy of GHMLLS is at a high level as well. Nevertheless, there is an obvious systematic deviation in the LLS-inferred peak current of GHMLLS. In order to obtain more reliable analysis results, it's recommended to divide it by 0.65 when using the LLS-inferred peak current of GHMLLS.

Objective To investigate the role of plexin-domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) in regulating the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) and explore its mechanism. Methods The data of GC cases were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) database, and the relationship between PLXDC2 expression and the clinicopathological parameters as well as the prognosis of GC patients were statistically analyzed. PLXDC2 knockdown and overexpression GC cell models were constructed respectively, then Matrigel-transwell invasion assay and mouse peritoneal metastasis model were performed to evaluate the effect of PLXDC2 on the invasion and metastasis of GC cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were also adopted to investigate the potential mechanism of PLXDC2 in GC. Results PLXDC2 was highly expressed in GC tissues (P < 0.05), and its expression level was positively correlated with neoplasm histological grade (P < 0.01), TNM stage (P < 0.05) and T stage (P < 0.05), while negatively with the prognosis of patients (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis identified PLXDC2 as an independent risk factor for prognosis (P < 0.05). Silencing PLXDC2 significantly inhibited the invasion ability of GC cells in vitro (P < 0.01) and metastasis in vivo (P < 0.01), whereas overexpression of PLXDC2 obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the changes of PLXDC2 level correspondingly affected the expression of Cdc42 and the formation of filopodia in GC cells. Conclusion PLXDC2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of GC cells by regulating the formation of filopodia, and may act as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.

Sodium alginate embedding method and chitosan crosslinking method were used to immobilize α -galactosidase from Clitocybe squamulosa. The optimum pH, pH stability, optimum temperature, temperature stability, storage time of immobilized enzyme and free enzyme were compared. The hydrolysis on oligosaccharides in soymilk and operational stability of the two immobilized enzymes are compared. The results showed that the optimal saturation of ammonium sulfate was 80% for α-galactosidase from C. squamulosa. The enzyme activity retention rates of the two immobilized methods were both more than 50%, and the temperature stability, pH stability and storage time of immobilized enzyme were improved compared with that of free enzyme. After comparing the two immobilized enzymes, the temperature, acidity stability and operation stability of chitosan immobilized enzyme were better than that of sodium alginate immobilized enzyme. But the hydrolysis efficiency of chitosan immobilized enzyme on soymilk oligosaccharide was lower than the latter. The hydrolysis rate of oligosaccharide was more than 85% after the two immobilized enzymes were reused for 3 times. Compared with sodium alginate, chitosan was more suitable to be the immobilized carrier of α -galactosidase from C. squamulosa.

ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of dioxin contamination in pork and pork liver from five provinces of China： A， B， C， D， and E， and evaluate the dietary exposure of the population， aiming to provide fundamental data for the future formulation of national limit standards of PCDD/Fs.MethodsA total of 146 pork and pork liver samples were collected during 2013 to 2019. According to the national standard method "Determination of Toxicity Equivalent of Dioxins and Analogues in Foods" （GB 5009.205-2013）， 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans （PCDD/Fs） in food samples were detected by isotope dilution chromatography/high resolution dual-focusing magnetic mass spectrometry （HRGC/HRMS）. Based on the food consumption data， the dietary exposure via pork for the population was assessed.ResultsThe median TEQ concentration of dioxin in pork and pork liver samples was 0.106 pg/g·fat and 2.32 pg/g·fat， respectively. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in pork in various regions were sequentially decreased by A （0.859 pg/g·fat）>D（0.145 pg/g·fat）>C（0.097 4 pg/g·fat）>B（0.039 9 pg/g·fat）>E（0.023 pg/g·fat）， and the decreased order of PCDD/F levels in pork liver samples from various regions was A （3.616 pg/g·fat）>B （1.84 pg/g·fat）>D（1.313 pg/g·fat）>E（0.85 pg/g·fat）. The patterns for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs in pork and pork liver samples were similar and OCDD was the dominant congener， accounting for 95% and 90% of the total mass concentrations， respectively. As for the TEQ concentrations， the congener patterns of PCDD/Fs in pork and pork liver samples were inconsistent. In addition， it also varied greatly in the congener patterns of PCDD/Fs for the same class of food samples from different regions. The median intakes of PCDD/Fs via pork for local residents in the five regions ranged from 0.192 to 2.054 pg/kg·bw/month， which were all lower than the PTMI value recommended by JECFA （70 pg/kg·bw/m）.ConclusionPCDD/Fs contamination in pork and pork liver existed in some areas of China. Spatial difference in PCDD/F levels was observed among the five areas and higher levels of PCDD/Fs for pork existed in developed areas . Residents showed low risk of dioxin exposure via pork intake overall. It is necessary to take long-term monitoring on the levels of PCDD/Fs in retailed food covered the larger area in China， and comprehensive exposure assessments of dioxins from various food categories should be further carried out to ensure the food safety of livestock and human health in the future.

Leukocyte morphological parameters known as CPD (cell population data) is detected by hematology analyzer UniCel DxH800 with VCS technology. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of morphological changes in CPD parameters in distinguishing active tuberculosis from community-acquired pneumonia.

This paper presents that the prediction model of fatigue crack initiation life of TC4 titanium alloy,and the feasibility of the model in predicting the fatigue crack initiation life of TC4 titanium alloy is verified by experiments. Based on the micro dislocation model of crack initiation and Tanaka mura’s formula of crack life,considering the surface roughness,a finite element model for fatigue crack initiation of TC4 titanium alloy is proposed,and the validity of the simulation model is verified by experiments. The results show that the crack initiation forms of the model are different under different load levels. At high stress levels,the model has a large number of independent microcracks in addition to the initiation and propagation of the main cracks,with a large crack density. At low stress levels,the model has a small number of independent microcracks,with a small crack density.