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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'emprise est la réduction de l'autre au statut d'objet, l'anéantissement de sa subjectivité par le déni de ses besoins et désirs, au profit des siens propres. Elle passe par l'appropriation de l'autre, sa dépossession et sa domination. Exercée au sein du couple, elle se traduit par d'importantes violences psychologiques, parfois supplées de violences physiques et sexuelles qui participent à rendre la victime dépendante et dépourvue d'estime d'elle-même. L'emprise représente donc un enjeu majeur dans la lutte contre les violences conjugales dont les professionnels de soin, de la justice et du social doivent se saisir. Notion complexe, elle s'explique par divers mécanismes criminologiques et victimologiques. Certaines caractéristiques du fonctionnement psychologique, certains troubles psychiques et traits de la personnalité constituent des facteurs de risque à exercer l'emprise ou à en être victime. La qualité de la relation aux figures d'attachement, l'image de soi, l'accès à la mentalisation, le rapport aux émotions sont autant de facteurs représentant à la fois l'étiologie et les axes de prise en soin des victimes et auteurs d'emprise. Ici, nous proposons des pistes claires et concrètes pour comprendre le profil des victimes et auteurs d'emprise afin d'adapter au plus juste notre positionnement et la prise en charge, l'objectif étant d'offrir à nos patients la perspective d'un mode de relation à l'autre sain, et la possibilité pour les victimes de sortir de ce cycle destructeur. Nous pouvons tous, soignants, travailleurs sociaux et professionnels de la justice, contribuer, en synergie et en collaboration, au processus de reconstruction des victimes et à la prévention de la récidive des auteurs. Psychological domination is the reduction of the other person to the status of an object, the annihilation of their subjectivity by denying their needs and desires in favor of the dominator's own. It involves appropriating, dispossessing and dominating the other person. When it occurs within a couple, it takes the form of significant psychological violence, sometimes supplemented by physical and sexual violence which creates a strong dependency and affects the victim's self-esteem. Psychological control is therefore a major issue in the fight against domestic violence which healthcare, legal and social professionals must address. This complex concept can be explained by various criminological and victimological mechanisms. Certain characteristics of psychological functioning, psychological disorders and personality traits constitute risk factors that enable exercising such control or becoming a victim. The quality of the relationship with attachment figures, self-image, access to mentalization, and the relationship with emotions are all factors representing both the etiology and avenues of psychological care for victims and perpetrators of control. In this article, we propose clear and concrete guidelines for understanding the profile of both victims and perpetrators of psychological domination so that we can adapt our perspectives and treatment as accurately as possible. Our goal is to offer our patients the prospect of a healthy relationship with others, and the possibility for victims to break free from this destructive cycle. All of us – caregivers, social workers, and legal professionals – can work in synergy and collaboration to help victims rebuild their lives and prevent perpetrators from repeating their offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La présente réflexion axée sur l’accompagnement des ménages de Kananga par Caritas Développement dans la lutte contre la pauvreté soutient que les interventions de cette structure loin d’entrainer des changements significatifs dans la vie de ces ménages, les ont maintenus dans une situation d’attentisme et de dépendance. Elle révèle que l’objectif de promouvoir leur auto-développement est en contradiction avec les résultats d’après projet. Cela n’a pas conduit à leur autopromotion et leur autodétermination. L’étude propose la mise en place des stratégies de sortie ainsi que la responsabilisation totale des bénéficiaires comme schéma qui mène vers leur auto-prise en charge

in this article, conducted from the point of view of the philosophy of education, we will focus on « influencers » and more globally on people broadcasting tutorials, podcasts and other thematic presentations of contents on online platforms. These contents seem to constitute nowadays online support resources for individual autonomies that are both singular and sustainable. We first study the motivations of the people creating these contents and the boundaries between professional and amateur approaches in this field (1). We then seek to understand what needs and desires inherent to the hypermodern human condition correspond to the online quest for such resources (2). On these bases, we lay down some markers for a thought of the way in which these proposals of influences can contribute to make the individuals durably authors of their singular autonomies (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the city of Clichy-sous-Bois introduced a cross-disciplinary collaboration with local actors, parents and professionals, with the aim of implementing an early prevention and parenting project (PPEP’S). But what does it mean to support parenthood and work with parents in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in 21st century France? It is this question, with its anthropological, social and political implications, that we would like to address in this article. Here we take up the voices of professionals working in popular neighborhoods (Chêne Pointu and Chêne Étoile) in Clichy-sous-Bois, both of which are marked by poverty and social and health insecurity. This situation complexifies the task of the professionals, particularly in terms of the posture to have when faced with a reality which, although structurally known by the various institutions and other public actors, nevertheless retains its share of uncertainties, misunderstandings and even incomprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child welfare has experienced great changes since the 2000s. Support has been more and more individual although welcome children in community homes. The educational relationship is the heart of our research. What is at stake in the educational relationship concerning the schooling support of youngsters in child welfare? The aim of our research work has been to analyse the points of view of youngsters compared to those of childcare workers about the educational relationship which can enhance schooling support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Hybride de l'Éducation (RHÉ) is the property of Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Departement des sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'objectif de notre étude est d'explorer les mécanismes à l'œuvre dans les cas de passages à l'acte suicidaires en période de post-partum. Il s'agit ici de souligner l'importance de l'accompagnement pluridisciplinaire, tant psychologique, médical que social, dans la mise en place d'un maillage pluridisciplinaire autour des parents pendant et après la grossesse. Notre méthode consiste en une revue de la littérature sur les enjeux de l'accompagnement de femmes en ante- et post-partum, afin de prévenir ou d'accompagner la dépression du post-partum et les passages à l'acte pouvant en découler. Nous appuierons notre propos sur l'étude d'un cas clinique illustrant les points aveugles du système de soin. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que la dynamique suicidaire en post-partum est multifactorielle, prenant sa source en période anténatale et parfois bien en amont, mêlant des facteurs endogènes et exogènes pour des femmes confrontées aux attendus supposés de la société envers la jeune mère. Il est également à noter que l'accompagnement de la dépression du post-partum se fait de façon inégale sur les différents territoires, par manque de moyens effectifs ou structurels, laisse échapper certains sujets au maillage professionnel et mène parfois un passage à l'acte. Nous observons que l'accompagnement pluridisciplinaire des femmes suicidaires permet de limiter les risques d'aggravation de la symptomatologie et d'un passage à l'acte. Nous encourageons le travail conjoint entre les professionnels institutionnels et les professionnels libéraux du champ psychiatrique, médical et social, pour la constitution du maillage pluridisciplinaire indispensable à l'accompagnement de toute femme dans son devenir mère, il s'agit d'une question de santé publique. The aim of our study is to explore the mechanisms that come into play in cases of suicidal acts during the post-partum period. Our starting point is to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary support – psychological, medical and social – in establishing a multifaceted network for parents during and after pregnancy. Additionally, the link between post-partum depression and suicidal behavior is discussed, as are the different types of risk factors. Our method consists of a review of the literature on the issues involved in supporting women in the ante- and post-partum periods, to prevent or support post-partum depression, and any resulting acts of aggression. These observations are then supported through the study of a clinical case illustrating the blind spots in the care system, which can leave certain subjects out in the cold. The clinical case illustrates the desire to have a child, the use of drugs during the perinatal period and the consequences of confinement in France during the post-partum period. The results of our study show that the post-partum suicidal trajectory is multifactorial, originating in the antepartum period, combining endogenous and exogenous factors, as well as society's supposed expectations of the mother-to-be. It should also be noted that support for mothers suffering from post-partum depression is often uneven in the different regions of the country, due to a lack of resources in terms of staff or structure, sometimes allowing the patient to slip through the net of care, leading her to act out. Information and training for professionals on the issue of the post-partum period and its possible repercussions on the mother's behavior are essential for better prevention and rapid treatment. Sometimes, depression is diagnosed during pregnancy, which facilitates treatment and speeds up contact with professionals to provide the best possible support for the mother during her perinatal period. We note, however, that multidisciplinary support for suicidal women helps limit the risk of the symptoms worsening and the risk of the patient acting on them. We emphasize and encourage concerted work and cooperation between institutional professionals and independent professionals in the psychiatric, medical, and social fields, to establish the multidisciplinary network needed to support all women, as they become mothers. Multidisciplinary support for mothers is essential during the perinatal period. Of course, we need to consider the importance of the health professional's work, but the family, spouse, and friends are also essential resources for the mother's well-being, and it is important to include them in this support network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De nombreuses personnes ont été infectées par le COVID-19 et pour une minorité d'entre elles, des symptômes multi-systémiques, fluctuants et impactant la qualité de vie, ont persisté au-delà de 20 jours. Le COVID long a été d'abord défini par les patients eux-mêmes au printemps 2020 pour décrire leurs parcours de non-récupération. Plus précisément, le COVID long est défini comme « une constellation de symptômes physiques et mentaux qui peut persister ou émerger par la suite, façonnant un syndrome multi-systémique et invalidant, qui varie d'un patient à l'autre et qui fluctue dans le temps ». La persistance des symptômes du COVID, la diminution de la qualité de vie, l'incertitude quant à l'avenir, assorties parfois d'un faible soutien social perçu dans l'entourage médical et personnel, ont pu favoriser la survenue d'un trouble dépressif chez les patients atteints de COVID-long. L'objectif de cette recherche a été d'étudier l'effet des symptômes du COVID-long, des incertitudes et de l'altération de la qualité de vie sur les symptômes anxiodépressifs, tout en identifiant l'impact de variables modératrices comme les stratégies de coping et le soutien social. Deux cent quatorze participants atteints de COVID long (âgés de 18 à 68 ans, M = 44 ans, ET = 11), dont 93 % de femmes (n = 200) et 7 % d'hommes (n = 14), ont participé à cette étude quantitative transversale entre les mois d'avril et de juin 2022. Ils ont décrit leurs symptômes et répondu à cinq échelles : l'échelle d'intolérance à l'incertitude (EII), l'échelle des stratégies de coping (WCC), l'échelle de mesure de la qualité de vie (MOS SF-36), l'échelle de soutien social perçu (QSSP), et l'échelle de mesure d'anxiété et de dépression (HADS). Les participants ont déclaré des symptômes de fatigue 91 % (n = 171), de perte de concentration 52 % (n = 111), de douleurs 51 % (n = 110), de troubles du sommeil 49 % (n = 104) et des difficultés de mémorisation 41 % (n = 88). En comparaison avec la population générale, ils présentaient une qualité de vie dégradée, ainsi que des scores d'anxiété, de dépression et d'intolérance à l'incertitude élevés. Les scores aux stratégies de coping étaient également supérieurs aux normes relatives à la population générale, et ceux de la satisfaction du soutien social étaient généralement bons. Il est également apparu que les variables de l'intolérance à l'incertitude, de la qualité de vie et de la dépression étaient toutes corrélées entre elles. Par ailleurs, l'analyse de régression a permis de mettre en évidence les prédicteurs de la dépression. Ainsi les domaines de la qualité de vie Bien être émotionnel (β = –0,41, t (199) = –6,23, p < 0,01) et Fatigue/énergie (β = –0,16, t (199) = –2,83, p < 0,01) étaient des prédicteurs négatifs de la dépression, tout comme le score de coping centré sur le problème (β = –0,14, t (199) = –2,84, p < 0,05). Les symptômes de la maladie en lien avec les difficultés de concentration (β = 0,27, t (199) = 5,16, p < 0,01) et ceux impactant les projets (β = 0,18, t (199) = 3,31, p < 0,01) étaient quant à eux des prédicteurs positifs de la dépression. Le deuxième constat de cette étude est que les personnes prises en charge spécifiquement pour leur COVID long présentaient des scores significativement moins élevés d'anxiété et d'intolérance à l'incertitude malgré des scores à certaines dimensions de la qualité de vie plus faibles. Également, les personnes prises en charge dans notre étude développaient davantage de stratégies de coping basées sur le problème et déclaraient davantage de disponibilité et de satisfaction liées au soutien social. Enfin, sur le plan de la qualité de vie, la population prise en charge a exprimé une meilleure santé psychique. L'étude a montré, outre l'influence des symptômes du COVID long, de la qualité de vie, et des stratégies de coping sur les symptômes dépressifs, que la prise en charge spécifique des patients atteints de COVID long semble constituer en elle-même un facteur de protection de la dépression et de l'anxiété. Il apparaît donc essentiel que tout patient présentant un COVID long puisse bénéficier d'une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire spécifique à cette pathologie. Many people were infected by COVID-19 and for a minority of them, symptoms persisted beyond twenty days. These symptoms are multi-systemic, fluctuating, and impact the quality of life. Long COVID was first defined by patients themselves in the spring of 2020 to describe their recovery problems. Specifically, long COVID is defined as "a constellation of physical and mental symptoms which can persist or emerge afterwards, generating a multi-systemic and disabling syndrome, which varies from patient to patient and fluctuates over time". The persistence of COVID symptoms, the decrease in the quality of life, the uncertainly about the future sometimes accompanied by a low level of social support perceived in the medical and personal entourage may have triggered the occurrence of a depressive disorder in patients with long COVID. The objective of this research was to study the effect of long COVID symptoms, of uncertainty and the impairment of quality of life on the development of depressive symptoms, while identifying the impact of moderating variables such as coping strategies and social support. Two hundred and fourteen participants with long COVID (aged 18–68, M = 44, SD = 11), including 93 % females (n = 200) and 7% males (n = 14), participated in this cross-sectional quantitative study between the months of April and June 2022. They described their symptoms and responded to five scales: the Evaluation of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (EII), the Coping Strategies Checklist (WCC), the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item health survey (MOS SF-36), the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (QSSP), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). 91% of the participants reported symptoms of fatigue (n = 171), 52% a loss of concentration (n = 111), 51% pain (n = 110), 49 % trouble sleeping (n = 104), and 41% memory problems (n = 88). Compared with the general population, they presented a poorer quality of life, as well as high scores for anxiety, depression, and intolerance of uncertainty. Scores on coping strategies were also higher than the norms for the general population, and scores on satisfaction with social support were generally good. It was also found that the variables of intolerance of uncertainty, quality of life, and depression all correlated with each other. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed predictors of depression. The areas of quality of life and emotional well-being (β = –0.41, t(199) = –6.23, P < 0.01) and fatigue/energy (β = –0.16, t(199) = –2.83, P < 0.01) were negative predictors of depression, as was the problem-focused coping score (β = –0.14, t(199) = –2.84, P < 0.05). Symptoms of the disorder related to concentration difficulties (β = 0.27, t(199) = 5.16, P < 0.01) and those impacting projects (β = 0.18, t(199) = 3.31, P < 0.01) were positive predictors of depression. The second finding of this study is that people treated specifically for their long COVID had significantly lower scores for anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty despite lower scores for certain dimensions of quality of life. The individuals who took part in our study also developed more problem-based coping strategies and reported more availability of and satisfaction with social support. Lastly, in terms of quality of life, the treated population expressed better mental health. The study showed that, in addition to the effects of long COVID symptoms, quality of life, and coping strategies on the onset of symptoms of depression, the specific treatment of patients with long COVID seemed to constitute in itself a protective factor against depression and anxiety. It therefore would seem essential that any patient suffering from long COVID should receive multidisciplinary care specific to this pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La fonction de juré d'assises n'est pas sans conséquence sur la santé mentale. En effet, l'exposition à divers types de preuves, ou encore la responsabilité qui leur est conférée, peut faire émerger de grandes difficultés d'ordre psychique chez les jurés. L'objectif de cet article est ainsi d'effectuer un état des lieux des conséquences du rôle de jurés d'assises sur la santé mentale et de ce qui est actuellement proposé en termes d'accompagnement en France. Une revue de la littérature française et internationale a ainsi été effectuée, permettant de mettre en lumière les principales conséquences du rôle de jurés d'assises sur la santé mentale ; mais également les méthodes de prises en charge actuellement proposées. Plusieurs études ont mis en évidence l'impact de cette fonction sur la santé mentale, notamment en matière de stress, trouble anxieux et/ou symptomatologie post-traumatique. Bien que des dispositifs se déploient au fur et à mesure en France, cette possibilité de prise en charge n'est pas présente sur tout le territoire et n'est pas systématique. De plus, le type d'intervention proposé (prévention, intervention post-procès) diffère selon le département. Au regard des données disponibles dans la littérature, une piste de proposition d'accompagnement généralisée des jurés d'assises sera proposée. Enfin, sera discutée la nécessité de systématiser l'évaluation des effets produits par les dispositifs d'accompagnement, autrement que par la seule satisfaction des participants. Jury duty, as exceptional as it is, is not without consequences for mental health. Indeed, during this assignment, randomly selected citizens are called on to judge people accused of criminal acts, to decide on their guilt and, if necessary, on their sentence. Thus, in court trials, the juror's voice will count just as that of the professional judges who sit with them. However, this enormous responsibility and the imperative aspect of jury duty can cause significant stress, especially when we consider that very often, jurors only have a limited knowledge of the judicial system. Also, being exposed to various types of evidence and to serious facts can be trying. Finally, the various obligations jurors have to meet can accentuate the difficulty of this duty, for example, the fact that, because the procedure is subject to sanctions, the jurors cannot discuss the case with others and must respect the secrecy of deliberations, even after the judgment has been rendered. For all these reasons, and also sometimes because of pre-existing individual vulnerabilities, the jury duty experience can lead to a variety of psychological difficulties, difficulties that are still not sufficiently taken into account. Although several forms of care are emerging today, such treatments remain varied and unequally available throughout the country. This article has multiple purposes. First, it aims to enumerate the possible consequences of jury duty on mental health, then, to present an inventory of what is actually available in terms of care in France. Finally, this inventory leads us to the possible intervention in several stages which could be made available to jurors, thereby offering a comprehensive and generalized support. A review of French and international literature was carried out, highlighting the main consequences of jury duty on mental health and the emergence of care systems, particularly in North America and France. Several studies stress the impact of jury duty on mental health, particularly in terms of stress, anxiety disorder and/or post-traumatic symptomatology. While support systems have emerged particularly in Canada, some have also gradually begun to be put in place in France, but they differ from one area to another, and they are not systematically made available. Some of them focus exclusively on post-trial support, while others also offer an upstream prevention phase. Finally, in terms of evaluation, the effectiveness of those interventions is estimated only by the participant's satisfaction, without any systematization or assurance of the real effectiveness of these interventions. Considering the available data in the literature and the various existing support systems, a proposal for a system of generalized support to jurors has been put forth in order to argue in favor of the adoption of this type of care. Indeed, in addition to a post-trial intervention, it seems important to plan for a phase of pre-trial prevention and the presentation of a treatment protocol, before the actual trial begins. Particularly, this should encourage jurors to more willingly take part in the post-trial intervention should signs of stress and anxiety emerge. Finally, it appears necessary to systematize the evaluation of the effectiveness of those support systems other than simply in terms of the satisfaction of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

against a backdrop of transformations in the employment market, career changes are on the rise. This paper explores the subject's experience of this transition, seen as an « in-between » situation. It highlights the need for support during this transition. The professional position adopted by support workers who use the biographical narrative is presented here as that of a craftsman, working alongside the person receiving support to construct the meaning of their life story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this article focuses on the ethics of education and training, from an interdisciplinary perspective that is itself structurally embedded in the multi-referential nature of the education and training sciences. We draw on Daniel Sibony's conceptualization of the in-between as a professional position in education and training to consider ways of reconciling educational and training support and proximity with the realities of physical distance in digital interventions, all in an ethical way. We discuss the conditions under which support can be successfully incorporated into distance learning (1), dialecticize presence and digital technology in education and training (2), and finally lay some groundwork for an ethics of benevolent digital support, based on the concept of authority and its mutations in hypermodern democracies (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La recherche vise à établir un état des lieux du soutien social apporté par l'entourage adulte à un enfant endeuillé. Pour un enfant, le décès d'un membre de sa fratrie est une terrible épreuve. Le soutien social constitue un facteur de protection efficace face au risque élevé de détresse psychologique. Pourtant, les adultes hésitent à s'impliquer car beaucoup ne savent pas comment accompagner un enfant endeuillé. À ce jour, peu d'études se sont penchées sur la manière de donner aux proches les moyens de s'engager auprès de l'enfant. Nous avons réalisé une étude exploratoire qualitative inductive. Sept adultes ayant accompagné un enfant confronté à la perte d'un frère ou d'une sœur ont participé à un cycle de 3 ateliers de groupe. Une analyse qualitative reprenant les 3 premières étapes de la théorisation ancrée (codification, catégorisation et mise en relation) de l'ensemble de données a été menée. Les résultats ont mis en évidence 4 phénomènes amenant les proches à ne pas aborder le deuil de l'enfant. Il s'agit de l'anxiété de deuil, les cognitions liées au deuil, le sentiment de légitimité et la tendance à l'évitement. Le fonctionnement des parents et de l'enfant contribue également aux freins mentionnés par les participants dans leur engagement auprès de l'enfant endeuillé. La catégorisation et la mise en relation des phénomènes amènent à une meilleure compréhension et une connaissance nouvelle des difficultés rencontrées par l'entourage d'un enfant endeuillé. Des perspectives cliniques et de recherche émergent de nos résultats, notamment l'identification d'une personne de référence, la conception d'un inventaire de besoins de l'enfant endeuillé et un travail de collaboration entre les parents, l'enfant et l'entourage, pour favoriser l'engagement des adultes et prévenir les risques psychosociaux chez l'enfant. The purpose of this research was to establish an overview of the social support provided by the adults to a bereaved child. The death of a sibling is a terrible experience for a child. Social support is an effective protective factor against the high risk of psychological distress. However, adults are reluctant to get involved because many do not know how to support a bereaved child. To date, few studies have looked at how to empower relatives to engage with the child. We conducted an exploratory inductive qualitative study. Seven adults who had been involved with a child experiencing the loss of a sibling participated in a cycle of three group workshops. An analysis by coding, categorizing, and relating the data set was conducted. The results identified four phenomena that lead adults to avoid dealing with the child's grief. These are grief anxiety, grief cognitions, feeling of legitimacy, and tendency to avoid. The way parents and child function also contributes to the barriers participants identified to engaging with the bereaved child. Categorizing and relating the phenomena led to a better understanding and a new knowledge of the difficulties encountered by the adults around a bereaved child. Clinical and research perspectives emerged from our results, notably the identification of a reference person, the design of an inventory of the bereaved child's needs, and collaborative work between parents, child, and their relatives, in order to promote adult involvement and prevent psychosocial risks for the bereaved child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article présente l'outil d'autoévaluation des émotions douloureuses (EED), un outil quantitatif et qualitatif conçu pour accompagner le proche dans le cadre du programme Ensemble qui propose des interventions personnalisées. L'EED comporte une partie de cotation de la fréquence des émotions douloureuses et de l'urgence du besoin d'aide vis-à-vis de celles-ci, suivie d'un échange pour définir les actions cliniques. Des données ont été collectées auprès de 73 proches de patients atteints de troubles psychiatriques. Les données démographiques, les scores de l'EED et les scores de l'inventaire bref des symptômes (Brief Symptom Inventory , BSI) sont collectés lors d'entretiens avec les intervenants du programme Ensemble. L'Impuissance et l'Anxiété sont des émotions particulièrement préoccupantes pour les proches aidants. Les analyses de validité montrent que la fréquence du ressenti des émotions douloureuses est un indice significatif de la détresse psychologique des proches aidants. Les scores obtenus avec l'EED peuvent orienter le suivi proposé par l'intervenant. Les bonnes propriétés psychométriques de l'EED et son utilisation simple en font un outil rapide à administrer et bien adapté à l'accompagnement sur mesure des proches aidants. Informal caregivers take on a variety of tasks to help their ill loved ones. Despite the personal and professional resources available, their health is sometimes impacted, and they may suffer from sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, and psychological distress. Supporting informal caregivers to prevent the risk of exhaustion entails a recognition of distressful emotions that can be associated with the role of caregiver. This article presents the Distressing Emotions Evaluation (DEE) tool, a quantitative and qualitative tool designed to support informal caregivers in the context of the Ensembl e program which proposes tailored and individualized interventions. Ensemble is independent of the patient's treatment and follow-up and its objective is to offer individual support to informal caregivers. It is structured in three phases spread over five one-hour sessions: an evaluation phase, followed by a support phase and finally an assessment phase. During the first phase, a professional trained in Ensemble 's methods assesses the needs, difficulties, painful emotions, and social resources of the informal caregiver. The DEE includes a rating scale, assessing the frequency of distressing emotions and the urgency of the need for help with dealing with them, followed by a dialogue to identify clinical actions. To assess the psychometric properties of the DEE, data were collected from 73 informal caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders. The DEE tool consists of an inventory of cards illustrating eight distressful emotions: anxiety, anger, confusion, guilt, helplessness, feeling judged by others, loneliness, and sadness/distress. Demographic data, DEE scores, and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) scores were collected during interviews with Ensemble practitioners. Helplessness and anxiety are particularly distressing emotions for informal caregivers. Indeed, they are among the most frequently reported emotions (present for 88 % and 71 % of the participants, respectively), and are the emotions for which unmet need for help is the most urgent (in 49 % and 40 % of the participants, respectively). Validity analyses with reference to associations with BSI scores show that the frequency of experiencing distressing emotions is a significant indicator of the psychological distress of informal caregivers. DEE scores can inform a practitioner's follow-up, e.g., with tools for managing emotions. The positive psychometric properties of the DEE, and its simple use based on illustrated card sorting which facilitates verbalization, make it a tool that is readily administered and well suited to the personalized support of informal caregivers. Based on the EED tool, the results demonstrated that helplessness and anxiety are very frequent painful emotions for informal caregivers and that there is a need for help that is not currently met by existing support services. The engaging clinical EED tool makes it easier to work with informal caregivers. This approach can be used to increase health literacy in personalized interventions focused on the recovery paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La présente étude porte sur l’usage de l’activité « Forum » de la plateforme numérique Moodle dans l’amélioration de la compétence de l’écrit chez les étudiants de licence de la filière d’anglais au centre universitaire Salhi Ahmed de Naâma (Algérie). Notre objectif est de valoriser cette activité qui demeure incontournable pour un travail collectif rassemblant plusieurs participants dans un espace d’échange et de collaboration, en vue d’améliorer les connaissances en langue française à travers la production écrite des textes abordant des sujets d’actualité.

L' empowerment se réfère au pouvoir d'agir d'un individu et/ou d'une collectivité. Il influe sur la qualité de vie et le soutien social perçus des individus. À notre connaissance, aucune étude n'a examiné ces liens parmi des usagers de la santé mentale en Belgique francophone. Cette étude évalue les liens existant entre la satisfaction des usagers, en lien avec la promotion de l' empowerment et ses conséquences sur la qualité de vie et le soutien social perçus au sein d'un club thérapeutique. Quarante-quatre usagers du club thérapeutique le « B'eau B'art » sont évalués au questionnaire de satisfaction du B'eau B'art, à sa version empowerment , au WHOQOL-bref mesurant la QdV générique et au SSQ6 évaluant le soutien social perçu. Les usagers sont globalement satisfaits du club, hormis dans le domaine des relations sociales et de la participation aux décisions. La satisfaction liée à l' empowerment prôné au sein d'un club thérapeutique comme le B'eau B'art a des conséquences positives sur la qualité de vie et le soutien social perçus des usagers. Empowerment refers to an individual's power to act. Within clubs, this concept represents an issue that influences the perceived Quality of Life (QoL) and social support of users. To our knowledge, no prior study has examined its links among French-speaking mental health users in Belgium. This study assesses the associations between user satisfaction in relation to the promotion of empowerment and its consequences on the perceived QoL and social support within a clubhouse. Forty-four adults suffering from a mental disorder of the clubhouse entitled " B'eau B'art " were evaluated with the empowerment version of the B'eau B'art satisfaction questionnaire (QSBB-empowerment), the WHOQOL-bref measuring generic QoL and SSQ6 assessing perceived social support. Users are generally satisfied with the Club except in the area of Social Relations and Participation in decisions. Positive correlations were obtained between the satisfaction, QoL and social support scores. Satisfaction linked to the empowerment advocated within a clubhouse like " B'eau B'art" has positive consequences on QoL and the perceived social support of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’importance ce texte est d’expliquer les difficultés que connaissent les petites et moyennes en R.D.C, en termes d’accompagnement financier pour la création et développement des petites et moyennes entreprises(PME) qui constituent le socle de la croissance et de la dynamique économique pour tout pays soucieux de son développement.

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A Kinshasa, l’intervention sociale en faveur des personnes de 3ème âge, en période de crise de Covid-19, a été révélatrice du déficit du travail social qui peine à se structurer, dans un champ essentiellement dominé par les professionnels médicaux. A la suite de la crise, les pratiques médicales ont étalé leurs limites par leur incapacité de mettre en valeur le lien social au centre de l’accompagnement. Ainsi, cet article démontre l’intérêt et la nécessité du chevauchement des rapports entre professionnels social et médical, en termes de complémentarité évidente entre les deux services dans la prise en charge des personnes de 3ème âge.

this article studies the interactions between the institutional professionalization of novice teachers during their first year of teaching and the professional development of the trainee teacher through contact with their tutor. By using the concepts of emergent professionalism and support, we analyze the way in which the tutor develops reflective distancing from practice and professional decentering in relation to the trainee's disciplinary training. The context is the 2016 middle school reform in France in the Guadeloupe regional education authority. In a clinical analysis of the training processes, the aim is to see how these interactions allow the novice teacher to train in the new methods of collaborative and interdisciplinary teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this empirical contribution deals with the « educational relationship » and finds as a field of investigation the support activities of a social work assistant practicing in an emerging professional training center. The inductive qualitative inquiry approach aims to explore the dynamic properties of the relationship between the professional and two learners, and to identify potential educational effects. The pathway to the study's interim results is based on an anthropological and biographical analysis of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this article presents the preliminary results of a research that aims to document the journey of novice preschool and elementary teachers, to understand the evolution of their identity development and establish their profile that takes well-being into account in order to promote their perseverance. and better professional integration. Based on the principles of a new field in the sciences of education, the psychopedagogy of well-being, the study of the elements of well-being and the strengths of character in novices will make it possible to explore how a development of their full potential during coaching sessions, can help them develop a positive professional identity, in order to face the multiple challenges of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La multiplication des attentats terroristes ces dernières années a fait surgir l'horreur de la guerre en plein cœur de nos villes. Habitué à porter secours aux combattants sur tous les fronts et dans tous les milieux, le Service de santé des Armées est détenteur d'une expertise tant dans la gestion des situations de crise que dans l'accompagnement au long cours des patients blessés psychiques. L'objectif de ce travail est de rendre compte des dispositifs médicaux comme institutionnels mis en place aux différents temps du soin pour accompagner les militaires blessés. Nous espérons à partir de cette expérience pouvoir faire des parallèles et tirer des enseignements pour nos confrères chargés d'accompagner les victimes civiles d'attentats. When we listen to the testimonies of recent victims of attacks that have taken place in France in recent years, it is difficult not to draw parallels with war medicine. Since the initial exposure, which is characterized by its effect of surprise and stupefaction, the use of injurious and devastating weapons which leave painful and functional sequelae, the number of victims which increases the horror of the situation, it is of a battlefield that this description seems to come from. However, what characterizes the latter is the preparation of combatants to manage this type of eventuality and the operationality of a health service seasoned in crisis management. From the initial care in the theater, as close as possible to the fighting, to the conditioning of the wounded before their eventual evacuation, we will present to you in this work the care structures set up in the theaters of operation to provide assistance to the injured. We will see there that the psychological support of the combatants is integrated into this support and this from the battlefield. At the field hospital, brief management can be carried out associated with a few days of observation according to the principles of Salmon (immediacy, proximity, simplicity, expectation, centrality). From a distance, we will see how the accompaniment of the injured is thought out over time, not only in terms of care, but also in terms of administrative support in the steps aimed at recognizing and repairing the condition. Finally, we will present the first findings from the implementation of psychosocial rehabilitation tools. We hope that the course of care that emerges through this communication can inspire practitioners who accompany civilian victims of attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En janvier 2021, le ministère des Armées a initié un programme de réhabilitation baptisé ATHOS pour compléter les capacités institutionnelles d'accompagnement de ses soldats atteints de troubles psychiques post-traumatiques liés au service et notamment aux opérations de guerre. Au terme de dix-huit mois d'existence, ce dispositif compte trois maisons à vocation régionale qui accueillent, sous la forme d'établissements de jour avec capacité d'hébergement, des soldats suivis par les services psychiatriques du service de santé des Armées. Les résultats obtenus pendant la phase pilote du programme ont conduit à la planification de deux nouvelles ouvertures de maison ATHOS. À titre d'exemple, la « maison ATHOS de Bordeaux » située dans le village de Cambes accueille désormais 104 blessés pour un objectif initial fixé à 90. Le modèle est en cours d'évolution pour s'adapter à la demande singulière des soldats blessés. In January 2021, the Ministry of the Armed Forces initiated a rehabilitation program called ATHOS. This program complements the institutional capacities of support for its soldiers suffering from post-traumatic mental disorders related to their service and in particular to military operations. After its initial 18 months, this program has three regional residences, that host soldiers being treated by the psychiatric services of the Armed Forces health service. The facilities provide outpatient care with the possibility of housing., The results obtained during the pilot phase of this program resulted in plans to open two new ATHOS residences. As an example, the "Maison ATHOS" of Bordeaux, which is located in the village of Cambes, now hosts 104 wounded soldiers whereas the initial target quota was set at 90. The model is currently evolving to accommodate the specific needs of injured soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La psychiatrie militaire est une spécialité née avec la Grande Guerre. Tout au long de son histoire, le soutien médico-psychologique en opération s'apparente à un bricolage dans la définition qu'en donne Lévi-Strauss et cela jusque dans les années 1990. Néanmoins, les cinq principes de Salmon structurent et permettent d'établir une continuité entre les improvisations, les innovations et la systématisation en doctrine qui émaillent son histoire centenaire. Centralité, proximité, immédiateté, simplicité et expectative sont autant de concepts suffisamment souples pour improviser en situation opérationnelle. Mais ils sont aussi des fils conducteurs qui guident la pratique des psychiatres militaires. Cette communication est aussi l'occasion de rendre un hommage aux psychiatres militaires français et étranger qui, depuis un siècle, ont assisté les militaires souffrant de blessures psychiques. Military psychiatry is a specialty born during the Great War. Throughout its history, medical-psychological support in military operations has resembled DIY in the sense of the definition given by Lévi-Strauss up until the 1990s. Nevertheless, Salmon's five principles provide structure and continuity between the improvisations, the innovations, and the systematization in doctrine which have marked its century-long history. Centrality, proximity, immediacy, simplicity, and expectation are all concepts flexible enough to allow for improvisation in an operational situation. But they are also common threads that guide the practice of military psychiatrists. This article is also an opportunity to pay tribute to the French and foreign military psychiatrists who, for a century, have assisted soldiers suffering from psychological injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One in eight people in the world has a mental disorder. In order to support them in their efforts, carers carry out a number of tasks aimed in particular at maintaining and developing their autonomy. What should the support worker's position be when the person being supported is a victim of discrimination? This article aims to answer this question by analysing cases of discrimination experienced within a mobile psychiatric team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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LIVIA est une intervention psychologique par Internet en dix modules sur une durée de trois mois pour personnes présentant une souffrance psychique après la perte de leur partenaire par décès, séparation ou divorce. Traduite d'un programme allemand dont l'efficacité a été démontrée par une étude randomisée contrôlée, la version française de LIVIA a été proposée en Suisse romande, en version non guidée, dans le cadre d'une étude d'implémentation pilote visant à en vérifier l'accueil. Sur 148 personnes inscrites suite à une présentation du programme dans des journaux ou à la radio, 24 ont participé intégralement à l'essai clinique et ont fourni les mesures de prétest et posttest sur leurs symptômes de deuil, d'anxiété et de dépression, leurs modes d'adaptation à la perte, leur support social, leur sentiment de solitude ainsi que leur bien-être. Elles ont pu également exprimer leur degré de satisfaction vis-à-vis du programme et formuler des commentaires à son sujet. La médiane de participation au programme est de six modules : dix personnes ont réalisé neuf à dix modules, cinq ont accompli moins de la moitié des séances prévues. Des bénéfices significatifs ont été observés sur les symptômes de deuil et sur les stratégies d'évitement. Aucune autre amélioration n'a été relevée sur la symptomatologie dépressive, anxieuse, sur le bien-être, la satisfaction existentielle ou encore la solitude. La satisfaction vis-à-vis de l'intervention est globalement bonne. Néanmoins, quelques points négatifs ont pu être relevés : les textes explicatifs ont été jugés complexes et les exercices de confrontation plutôt pénibles, surtout en l'absence de soutien d'une personne ressource. Ceux-ci ont pu favoriser la diminution de l'engagement dans le programme. LIVIA, dans sa version française non guidée, permet de réduire la symptomatologie du deuil et les stratégies d'évitement suite à un décès ou une séparation. Le programme mérite cependant des améliorations pour satisfaire un public plus large et améliorer son adhésion à la démarche. The loss of a partner, either by death or separation, is one of the most stressful life events. It predicts negative physical and psychological health consequences. Although most people are able to cope with it, however about ten percent show difficulties overcoming this painful event. Internet psychological interventions are increasingly present. They are as effective as traditional psychotherapies for a wide range of disorders, including complicated grief. They can improve the access to treatment, particularly where availability of therapists is low. Without such access the mental health of people with serious bereavement or separation difficulties, who for various reasons cannot benefit from a mental health professional, may deteriorate. Early access to an online intervention can thus be a useful and alternative way to diminish the risk of psychopathological trajectory for them. The goal is to evaluate the implementation of LIVIA, an unguided Internet-based intervention for French-speaking people struggling to cope with the loss of their partner through bereavement, divorce or separation. Brodbeck and colleagues have demonstrated its efficacy in the German guided version. In this non-randomized clinical trial, 24 participants were included. They completed the French version of LIVIA, which contains ten modules including a psychoeducational section and exercises based on cognitive-behavioral techniques. The evolution of psychopathological symptoms such as grief, anxiety, and depression, as well as well-being were evaluated. Other parameters were measured: avoidance strategies, social support, loneliness and satisfaction regarding the program. The median of program participation is six modules: ten people completed nine to ten modules, five completed less than half of the planned sessions. Clinical benefits were observed on grief symptoms and avoidance strategies. No other improvement was noted on depressive symptomatology, anxiety, well-being, life satisfaction or loneliness. The overall satisfaction with the intervention was good. Nevertheless, some negative points were noted: the explicative texts were considered to be complex and the confrontation exercises rather difficult, especially without the support of a resource person. These points could lead to a decrease in commitment to the program. LIVIA, in its unguided French version, helps reduce grief symptoms and avoidance strategies following a death or separation. However, the program needs to be improved in order to satisfy a broader public and improve its adherence to the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Évaluer les apprentissages, tant pour mieux les soutenir que pour y reconnaitre les acquis (Allal et Laveault, 2009; Ministère de l’Éducation, 2003), est l’une des compétences de l’enseignante et de l’enseignant (Ministère de l’Éducation, 2020). Afin de tirer profit des usages du numérique en matière d’évaluation des apprentissages, le projet de recherche-action ÉCRAN (Évaluation Collaborative Réussie des Apprentissages par le Numérique, FRQSC, 2020-2023) a voulu rendre compte de l’activité des élèves en situation de comprendre ou de résoudre un problème en collaboration. À cette fin, de l’accompagnement a été offert au cours de l’activité de codesign. Le présent article traite des enjeux et défis d’accompagnement de deux sites distincts alors que les enseignantes et les enseignants qui y participent ont dû se préoccuper d’alignement lors de la mise en place de nouvelles séquences enseignement-apprentissage-évaluation, cela dans le contexte pandémique 2020-2021. Six catégories d’enjeux et cinq catégories de défis associées aux usages du numérique aux fins d’évaluation des apprentissages réalisés en collaboration chez des élèves du primaire et du secondaire ont été repérés.

L'accompagnement des auteurs de violences sexuelles semble confronter les professionnels à un certain nombre de difficultés qui seraient spécifiques : la difficulté à se confronter à un discours chargé de violence et une mission professionnelle en tension entre justice et soin. Les études quantitatives ont relevé des effets de cette pratique spécifique sur les professionnels, mais ne s'accordent pas sur une symptomatologie précise (stress traumatique secondaire, burnout, traumatisme vicariant, fatigue de compassion). Les études qualitatives ont apporté une appréhension plus globale et nuancée du phénomène, soulignant un retentissement émotionnel important, mais relevant également des effets perçus comme étant positifs : sentiment de responsabilité sociale et possibilité de développement professionnel. Cette revue de littérature permet de mettre en avant l'importance des stratégies d'adaptation personnelles et des ressources professionnelles qui garantissent la conservation d'un équilibre entre les effets positifs et les effets négatifs de cette pratique. Ces résultats questionnent ainsi l'intérêt de prendre en compte les retentissements personnels de la pratique dans le cadre professionnel, et de penser les possibilités d'évolution spécifiques à des pratiques à fort impact émotionnel. Working with sex offenders can be challenging for professionals. Psychotherapy and counseling involve human and emotional commitment that can be demanding. However, supporting sexual offenders seems to confront professionals to specific difficulties, the most obvious being the violent content of patients' speech and the professional duty to balance justice and care. Beyond that, it appears essential to understand specifically what is at stake for professionals in this type of work, but for the well-being of caregivers and patients as well, and ultimately for the quality of the therapeutic alliance. The objectives of this article are to conduct a review of the international scientific literature of studies that have explored the experiences of professionals who work with sex offenders, and to draw practical perspectives as well as new lines of research. Quantitative studies have focused on specific traumatic effects of professional practice with sexual offenders: secondary traumatic stress, burnout, vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue. Research has operationalized these different indicators but these concepts have relatively blurred boundaries. Thus, the results do not appear significant on a specific traumatic effect. However, these studies show/prove the existence of a number of symptoms among caregivers – hypervigilance, emotional fatigue, and feeling of depersonalization – highlighting the importance of exploring qualitatively the experience of professionals. Qualitative studies have provided a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. They confirm and clarify the negative emotional impact but also underline positive effects, especially a strong sense of social responsibility, in protecting the population from potential violence. Professionals also focus on professional training opportunities offered within this challenging domain. The most important objective would be to find a balance between positive and negative impacts, bringing out the importance of personal coping strategies and professional resources. These results emphasize the role of institutions in assisting professionals, especially in regards to organizing regular and adapted clinical supervision, in order to provide emotional support. This questions the possibility – and the limit? – about taking into account the personal repercussions of the practice in the professional context. It thus appears fundamental to consider and develop specific organizational support for professional practices with a strong emotional impact. Finally, this literature review raises the interest of developing French research on the experiences of professionals who work with sexual offenders, in order to enrich this international vision while exploring the French specificities of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Within the Haute École de Santé de Fribourg (HEdS-FR), a component of the Haute École de Suisse occidentale, it is often not possible to train novice trainers in simulation within the first two years of their employment. The level of training and experience of new nursing trainers to conduct a post-simulation debriefing varies greatly. Yet, the stakes are high, as the post-simulation debriefing is unanimously recognized as the moment when learning takes place and when the transfer of learning into professional practice/internship is prepared. Aim: To carry out an exploratory study of the training needs of novice simulation trainers, by soliciting their competency beliefs, based on an analysis of the perceived gap between their performance during the practice of post-simulation debriefing in the absence of specific training and the expected performance, according to guidelines of good practice in health simulation. Methods: Qualitative study by individual semi-directed interviews with novice faculty simulation trainers appointed at the HEdS-FR between 2019 and 2020. Results: Five interviews were conducted. Comparison of the verbatims with the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) grid reveals discrepancies in briefing, analysis of student performance and facilitation and questioning. Manifested needs by the interviewee were the desire to be accompanied by experienced debriefer and to have tools to structure the debriefing. The criteria they use to evaluate their debriefings and assess their self-efficacy beliefs are close to those in the DASH grid. Conclusion: The response to the training needs of novice trainers could be specific coaching by experts. The DASH grid, in addition to being a self-assessment tool, could be used as a reference tool for exchanges between experts and novices and for the construction of knowledge specific to debriefing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le programme « Au-delà du TED : des compétences parentales à ma portée » vise la reconnaissance, le développement et l'actualisation des compétences parentales de parents d'enfant présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). L'objectif de la présente étude est d'évaluer les effets de ce programme sur les connaissances du parent, les stratégies utilisées auprès de son enfant ainsi que sa capacité d'adaptation, son sentiment de compétence et sur le niveau de stress ressenti. L'évaluation des effets du programme a été réalisée selon un devis de type quasi expérimental, impliquant un groupe expérimental et un groupe contrôle composé de parents d'enfant ayant un TSA. Les différents instruments de mesure ont été administrés en trois temps, soit avant la tenue du premier atelier du programme, un mois après le dernier atelier et six mois après la fin du programme. Les résultats des analyses statistiques ne permettent pas d'objectiver de changement significatif chez les participants du groupe expérimental. Bien que des variations statistiquement significatives entre les trois temps de mesure soient observées pour certaines variables, soit les connaissances sur le TSA, l'utilisation, par les parents, de stratégies de communication et de stratégies de structure adaptées aux caractéristiques de leur enfant, le sentiment de contrôle dans l'exercice du rôle parental ainsi que le stress parental, elles ne peuvent être interprétées comme étant spécifiquement reliées aux effets du programme puisqu'elles sont observées tant chez les parents du groupe contrôle que chez ceux du groupe expérimental. Bien que les analyses aient révélé une amélioration commune des scores pour certaines mesures chez les deux groupes de parents, nous ne pouvons en déduire une absence totale d'effets du programme. En effet, certains facteurs liés notamment à la fidélité d'implantation, au moment où ont été exposés aux participants le programme et l'implication d'un groupe contrôle recevant en parallèle une autre forme d'intervention, ont pu influencer les résultats. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face many challenges that can impact their sense of competence and their daily stress levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a program, implemented in the province of Quebec, for parents of children with ASD. The purpose of this program is to improve parents' knowledge about ASD and appropriate educational strategies for their children with ASD. The goal of the program is to optimize parenting skills and help them adapt to the particularities of ASD. The evaluation of the effects of the program was conducted using a quasi-experimental repeated measures design, involving an experimental group and a control group composed of parents of children with ASD. Instruments were administered at three points in time: before the first program workshop, one month after the last workshop, and six months after the program ended. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance did not identify any significant changes for participants in the experimental group. Although statistically significant variations between the three measurement periods were observed for certain variables such as knowledge about ASD, parents' use of strategies adapted to their child's characteristics, locus of control and parental stress, these variations cannot be interpreted as being specifically related to the effects of the program, since they were observed in both the control group and the experimental group. Discussion Although the analyses revealed a common improvement in scores on certain measures for both groups of parents, we cannot deduce a total absence of program effects. Indeed, factors related to implementation fidelity, the timing of the program exposure to participants, and the fact that the control group was receiving another form of intervention at the same time may have influenced the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce propos tente, dans une perspective psychopathologique, de préciser les évolutions cliniques des patients atteints de TSA lors de l'âge adulte et avec l'avancée en âge, d'en apprécier les risques et les chances, d'aborder aussi le vécu de ces personnes face à leur propre vieillissement, face à la mort des proches et face à leur propre finitude ; l'étude d'une cohorte de 314 patients âgés peut apporter quelques données concernant ces évolutions. L'étude de la cohorte de 314 patients adultes et vieillissants permet de préciser plusieurs aspects des TSA à l'âge adulte : niveau de gravité, troubles associés et co-morbidités (troubles psychiatriques, déficit intellectuel, épilepsie, troubles neuro-sensoriels, aspects génétiques). Au plan clinique et psychopathologique, les troubles du comportement y sont décrits en référence aux modes de fonctionnements psychopathologiques dominants : modalités autistiques typiques (notion de recours post-autistique), modalités symbiotiques, exacerbations anxieuses aiguës, fonctionnements dépressifs et maniaques. Proposer une élucidation des comportements défis (ou comportements problèmes) et en rendre l'abord possible ; démontrer que leur évolution, au cours de l'avancée en âge, est plutôt favorable, tout en insistant sur la permanence d'une vulnérabilité certaines de ces personnes. Préciser les principales pistes d'actions en insistant sur la sécurisation spatiale, temporelle et relationnelle, sur la place centrale des démarches de soins (besoins physiologiques fondamentaux, prise en compte des pathologies somatiques, les soins spécifiques par les psychotropes, les abords psycho-corporels), sur l'attention portée à la quotidienneté, médiateur thérapeutique majeur, avec le maintien raisonné de la mise en activité. L'approche, ici proposée, confirme, qu'à l'âge adulte, la problématique principale est celle des troubles associés et des co-morbidités psychiatriques, plus que celle des particularités symptomatiques fondamentales nécessaires au diagnostic de TSA (le trépied autistique). Cela nécessite de dépasser la notion de comportement défi pour aborder cette clinique dans une perspective fonctionnelle finalement révélatrice d'une souffrance psychique, parfois majeure, et de la tentative adaptative qu'élaborent ces patients pour y faire face. Cette clinique particulière nous semble confirmer la nécessité d'un travail institutionnel structuré, seul capable d'assurer la cohérence des démarches auprès de ces personnes d'une diversité certaine, aux évolutions globalement favorables, mais qui demeurent toujours d'une grande vulnérabilité. This article attempts, from a psychopathological perspective, to clarify the clinical evolution of patients with ASD during adulthood and into old age, and to assess the risks and the chances. In addition, the article also attempts to address the experiences of these people confronted with their own aging, the death of loved ones, and their own mortality. This study of a cohort of 314 elderly patients can provide some data concerning these changes. The study of the cohort of 314 adult and aging patients makes it possible to specify several aspects of ASD in adulthood: level of severity, associated disorders and co-morbidities (psychiatric disorders, intellectual deficit, epilepsy, neurosensory disorders, genetics). At the clinical and psychopathological level, the behavioral disorders are described therein with reference to the dominant psychopathological modes of functioning: typical autistic modalities (notion of post-autistic recourse), symbiotic modalities, acute anxious exacerbations, depressive and manic functionings. Propose an elucidation of challenging behaviors (or problem behaviors) and make it possible to address them; demonstrate that their evolution during advancing age is rather favorable while insisting on the permanent vulnerability of certain subjects. Specify the main courses of action, insisting on spatial, temporal, and relational security; on the central place of care procedures (fundamental physiological needs, consideration of somatic pathologies, specific care with psychotropic drugs, psycho-corporal approaches); and on the attention paid to everyday life, a major therapeutic mediator, through maintaining a reasonable amount of activity. The approach proposed here confirms that the main problem facing adults diagnosed with ASD is that of associated disorders and psychiatric co-morbidities, more than that of the fundamental symptomatic particularities necessary for the diagnosis of ASD (the autistic tripod). This requires going beyond the notion of challenge behavior and adopting a functional perspective that ultimately reveals sometimes major psychic suffering and the adaptive attempts that these patients make to cope with it. The clinical work with this particular population confirms the need for structured institutional work, the only thing that can ensure the coherence of the approaches to working with this diverse patient population, one that is diverse, with generally favorable developments, but which still remains very vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]