Search

Occupational exposure to carcinogens of increasing cancer risk have been extensively suggested. A robust assessment of these evidence is needed to guide public policy and health care. We aimed to classify the strength of evidence for associations of 13 occupational carcinogens (OCs) and risk of cancers. We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to November 2022 to identify potentially relevant studies. We graded the evidence into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant according to a standardized classification based on: random-effects p value, number of cancer cases, 95% confidence interval of largest study, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small study effect, excess significance bias and sensitivity analyses with credibility ceilings. The quality of meta-analysis was evaluated by AMSTAR 2. Forty-eight articles yielded 79 meta-analyses were included in current umbrella review. Evidence of associations were convincing (class I) or highly suggeastive (class II) for asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers (RR = 8.79, 95%CI: 5.81–13.25 for cohort studies and OR = 8.68, 95%CI: 5.68–13.24 for case-control studies), asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma (RR = 4.61, 95%CI: 2.57–8.26), and formaldehyde exposure and increasing risk of sinonasal cancer (RR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.38–2.05). Fifteen associations were supported by suggestive evidence (class III). In summary, the current umbrella review found strong associations between: asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers; asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma; and formaldehyde exposure and higher risk of sinonasal cancer. Other associations might be genuine, but substantial uncertainty remains. [Display omitted] • Asbestos was associated with increasing risk lung cancer and mesothelioma. • Formaldehyde was associated with increasing risk of sinonasal cancer. • Efforts should be targeted to deter asbestos and formaldehyde exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the sports live broadcast platform as the research object, relying on the relevant dimensions of audience perception, this thesis aims to explore the influence mechanism of the audience loyalty of Chinese sports live broadcast platform. After proposing corresponding research hypotheses, and exploring the deeper reasons that affect audience loyalty, it formulates an optimization path to improve audience loyalty to sports live broadcast platforms. The final research results are drawn as follows: (1) The audience's perceived value of sports live broadcast platform directly affects the audience's loyalty; (2) The functional quality, ease of use and service quality of the live broadcast platform will also have some impacts on audience loyalty. The current problems of Chinese sports live broadcast platform in cultivating audience loyalty are analyzed based on the empirical research results; The improvement measures are discussed to enhance the audience loyalty from the three levels of government, industry and platforms. • The audience's perceived value directly affects the audience's loyalty; • The functional quality have some impacts on audience loyalty; • Ease of use have some impacts on audience loyalty; • Service quality have some impacts on audience loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of conductive hydrogels, particularly in the domain of wearable technology, has garnered substantial attention. However, the limited mechanical properties, low sensitivity, and lack of multifunctionality in conventional conductive hydrogels constrain their potential applications. Thus, the endeavor to develop conductive hydrogels with exceptional comprehensive performance remains a formidable challenge. In this investigation, chitosan quaternary ammonium salts and the conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) were employed as precursor materials, incorporating carboxylated cellulose nanofibers, to synthesize a novel double-crosslinked network hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel specimen exhibited noteworthy tensile strength (2.13 MPa), significantly enhanced elongation (547%), favorable strain sensitivity (Gauge Factor ranging from 0.91 to 9.78), and electrical self-healing capabilities. Additionally, it demonstrated accurate detection of subtle human movements and conversion of raw data into binary data. This research provides valuable insights into the advancement of conductive hydrogels for wearable soft electronics. TOC : A double cross-linked network structure hydrogel with CNF–C: synergistically enhanced mechanical properties and sensitivity of flexible strain sensors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen sensors, using organic-inorganic and all-inorganic lead halide perovskites, have demonstrated huge advantages in operating temperature, responding time, and reversing oxygen content detection. Nevertheless, the toxicity and instability issues hinder their wide application. In this work, for the first time, we report a sensitive fluorescence oxygen detector based on lead-free double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 thin film. The sensor has a remarkable performance in terms of fast response time of ≈56 s, recovery time of ≈91 s, and a relatively low limit of detection (LOD) of 150 ppm. More importantly, the unencapsulated sensor still exhibits an obvious response at low oxygen concentrations after two-week storage in ambient, and the device also exhibits good humidity, light, and thermal stability. Consequently, the lead-free double perovskite (Cs 2 AgBiBr 6) will be promising environmentally friendly material in developing reversible, sensitive, high-efficiency, and stable perovskite oxygen sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider how the device structure and the emitter properties determine the performance of near-infrared quantum dot based light-emitting diodes. The challenges and future prospects for such bright, stable and efficient devices are discussed. [Display omitted] Near-infrared (NIR) emitters are indispensable for telecommunication and medical applications. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots offer plenty of advantages for NIR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) thanks to their size-dependent emission, high exciton binding energy, and low-cost solution processing. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of NIR quantum dot LEDs, focusing on how their device structure and emitter properties facilitate improvement of device performance. The challenges and opportunities associated with NIR quantum dot LEDs such as achieving the proper balance between the charge transport and exciton formation, enhancement of device stability, and improvement of device outcoupling efficiency are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskite materials show enormous potential in optoelectronic applications owing to their exceptional thermal stability and unique lattice structures. However, research into anion-substituted 2D perovskites is relatively rare, particularly in the photoelectric information storage field. Here, an anion-based 2D perovskite Cs 2 Pb(SCN) 2 I 2 film with high orientation and high thermal-stability is achieved by simple low-temperature solution processing and the memristor of Al/Cs 2 Pb(SCN) 2 I 2 /FTO is established. The experimental evidence shows that: 1) In the absence of light irradiation, memristors present typical bipolar resistance switching behaviour with On/Off resistance ratio (>103) and reliable retention (>104 s); 2) By introducing light irradiation, it can achieve a more dependable memristor with decreased RS fluctuation and improved cycling endurance. In addition, by modifying the compliance current (I cc), it can realize multi-level storage function of memories with good high temperature endurance. Finally, the logic gate function is also demonstrated with these cells. The operational principles of memristor devices are comprised of the charge trapping and conductive filament mechanisms. The light irradiation reduces the ion migration barrier and enhances the conductivity of perovskite films, thus limiting the excessive growth of conductive filaments. This work offers the groundwork for creating anionic two-dimensional perovskite photoelectric memristor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterned metal systems to periodically modulated nanomultilayered architectures, with crystalline and/or amorphous states, has acted as an effective strategy for tuning desirable mechanical properties. While the spontaneous assembly offers an effective and promising path for constructing nanomultilayers, in high-entropy alloys (HEA) how to trigger such a barrier-free route still faces challenges. In this paper, the enthalpy-difference-guided strategy, incorporating Pt, was employed to induce spinodal decomposition for the barrier-free nanomultilayer structure in refractory HEA systems. Aiming at exploring the elastic and chemical interactions, three HEA films with different degrees of size mismatch δ (Zr-Nb-Ta-Mo-W, Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta-Mo, Zr-Hf-Nb-Cr-Mo systems) were fabricated as model systems. Contributed by differences in ΔH mix and δ , in each HEA film, certain-content Pt can trigger both spinodal decomposition and amorphization behavior, which lead to the barrier-free Pt-rich/Pt-lean nanomultilayers with different topological combinations: crystalline/crystalline and amorphous/amorphous. Compared to model HEAs, such barrier-free nanomultilayers can significantly improve the nanoindentation hardness. In HEA systems, tuning ΔH mix and δ simultaneously can assist the further understanding of the structural arrangements and the progress on the barrier-free nanomultilayered configuration for superior mechanical properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low-price and highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has always been challenging with regard to water splitting. Pyrrhotite Fe 7 S 8 has become a research hotspot due to its abundant reserves, high electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic activity. In general, introducing metal heteroatoms into transition metal sulfides (TMSs) can effectively enhance the activity and stability of TMSs. Herein, Co-doped pyrrhotite Fe 7 S 8 nanosheets were obtained by a straightforward two-step method consisting of hydrothermal treatment followed by subsequent heat treatment. Results from XPS analysis and contact angle measurements showed that doping optimized the chemical environment around iron atoms and enhanced the adsorption of water molecules on the surface of Fe 7 S 8 , thereby greatly improving the electrocatalytic efficiency of water electrolysis. Compared with other counterparts, Co 0 · 95 Fe 6 · 05 S 8 exhibited superior OER activity with an overpotential of 311 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and higher performance towards HER with an overpotential of 284 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution. In sum, Co 0 · 95 Fe 6 · 05 S 8 is promising as a bifunctional catalyst for water splitting under alkaline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric double layer (EDL) has been found to play a critical role in not only electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) but also batteries and electrocatalysts. Although the influence of EDLs on the electrochemical behaviors of electrolytes has been extensively investigated, its influence on the electrode itself, particularly the energy storage mechanism, remains unclear. Herein, using popular α-Fe 2 O 3 , we look into the interaction between electrode and EDL and find the energy storage mechanism of an electrode can be tuned by modulating EDL. The EDL, which is mainly influenced by the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) through the specific adsorption of ions onto the surface of Fe 2 O 3 , determines which ions are present at the interface and how they react with the electrode. Ultimately, the composition and properties of the EDL determine the energy storage mechanism of an Fe 2 O 3 electrode, including conversion reaction, ions insertion, surface redox reaction and pseudocapacitance. Our results not only provide a new understanding on the nature of the EDL but also demonstrate that the EDL should be promoted as a functional "component" which can be designed for achieving the optimum synergy of an electrode-electrolyte interface. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superlubricity is a sliding regime with almost vanishing friction sustained under stringent material conditions. This remarkable phenomenon was first found between surfaces with incommensurate lattice structures, and later extended to materials with weak shear, as in many two-dimensional layered materials. Such materials, however, face great challenges that limit their applications, including the difficulty to scale up to meet the needs of many practical implementations and low durability stemming from the intrinsic structural weakness. Overcoming these limitations hinges on new design and fabrication of advanced superlubricating materials. Here, we report on the realization of macroscale ultradurable superlubricity on passivated transition-metal diborides (TMB 2) following an unconventional design principle that first construct materials with strong anti-wear ability then create superlubricity via effective surface passivation. TMB 2 possess superior mechanical strength and durability, along with the ability to activate in-situ load-induced passivation layers via tribochemical actions at the surface. The resultant passivated TMB 2 exhibits characteristic superlubricating and ultradurable friction coefficient (0.002) and wear rate (10−19 m3/N·m). These findings introduce a fresh approach toward rational design and implementation of superlubricating materials, opening a new avenue for versatile applications at large (up to industrial) scales. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophilic hemostatic sponge plays an important role in trauma bleeding control because of its robust coagulant functions. However, its strong tissue adhesion can easily result in wound tear and rebleeding during removing the sponge. Herein, the design of a hydrophilic anti-adhesive chitosan/graphene oxide composite sponge (CSAG) that possesses stable mechanical strength, rapid liquid absorption and strong intrinsic/extrinsic coagulation stimulations, is reported. For one thing, CSAG exhibits outstanding hemostatic performance, which significantly outperforms two commercial hemostats in two in vivo serious bleeding models. For another, CSAG shows low tissue adhesion; its peeling force is approximately 79.3 % lower than the commercial gauze. Moreover, in the peeling process, CSAG triggers partial detachment of the blood scab, because of the exist of bubbles or cavities at the interface, allowing the CSAG to be easily and safely peeled off from the wound without rebleeding. This study opens new avenues in constructing anti-adhesive trauma hemostatic materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of next-generation programmable metasurfaces urgently requires phase change materials with dielectric-metallic transition (DMT-PCMs). Although DMT-PCMs in the infrared have been reported, DMT-PCMs in the visible spectrum are yet to be designed, limiting the nanophotonic applications of conventional programmable metasurfaces to the infrared band. Herein, we find that stoichiometric germanium monotelluride solid solutions, Ge 1- x M x Te (M = Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi), have excellent DMT performance throughout the whole visible spectrum, and they can be used as versatile material platforms for fabricating programmable metasurfaces. As a proof-of-concept, the DMT performance of stoichiometric Ge 0.9 Sn 0.1 Te solid solution is significantly superior to that of commonly studied non-stoichiometric PCMs (e.g., Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , Sb 2 Te 3). Through a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations, we demonstrate that the high DMT performance of Ge 0.9 Sn 0.1 Te derives from the unique bonding structure of the crystalline state with non-stoichiometric vacancy-free, high atomic number, and weak Sn-Te bonds, which is not present in conventional PCMs. Furthermore, using ultrashort-pulse lasers, we show that the crystalline Ge 0.9 Sn 0.1 Te can be arbitrarily written, erased, and modified at the subwavelength level. The resonance peaks and colors of the Ge 0.9 Sn 0.1 Te-based grating metasurface can be continuously modulated over the whole visible spectrum. These results suggest that the DMT material platforms can be used to fabricate programmable metasurfaces. Therefore, this work presents a coherent report on the physical origin, material design, and photonic devices of DMT in the visible spectrum, which may extend the applications of programmable metasurfaces from the infrared band to the visible spectrum and inspire more researches. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endowing the hard protective coating systems with macroscopic superlubricity can adequately minimize unnecessary material consumption and energy waste caused by friction and wear. Herein, a novel scheme for realizing superlubricity-protective bifunction is demonstrated, namely introducing atomic-level dispersed Au atoms (∼1.4 at.%) into the TaC / amorphous carbon (a-C) nanocomposite structure consisting of the TaC-nanoparticles-based network backbone and the a-C filler. With the aid of the atomic-level dispersed Au atoms reducing the ordered transformation barrier of a-C, the in-situ formation of graphite-like carbon (GLC) flakes during the sliding process wrap the TaC grains to form TaC@GLC nanoscrolls in the shearing layer for multi-contact configuration and incommensurate contact, thereby obtaining the robust macroscopic superlubrication with the friction of coefficient of ∼0.002 and the ultra-low wear rate of ∼8.80 × 10−10 (mm−3/Nm). This strategy of triggering in-situ self-assembled nanoscrolls from hard protective coatings provides a new avenue to enable macroscopic superlubricity for robust engineering applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pyridine conjugated graphitic carbon nitride is successfully synthesized. • As-prepared catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. • Modulated localization of electron cloud density in as-prepared catalyst. • Narrowed bandgap and enhanced carriers' separation efficiency in as-prepared catalyst. High photogenerated carrier recombination and poor visible light response in symmetry graphitic carbon nitride are two classical problems for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, we rationally design a novel carbon nitride (DPCN) with asymmetric embeddedness of pyridine ring. The embedded pyridine ring modulates the localization of electron cloud density, resulting in a narrowed bandgap and an enhanced carriers' separation efficiency. They are further confirmed by UV–vis spectra and femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy, whose results are consistent with DFT theoretical calculations. This DPCN catalyst shows enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 180.5 μmol h−1 and the apparent quantum efficiency of 14.6 % at 420 nm, surpassing most reported g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts. This work provides a new sight on designing two-dimensional photocatalysts by modulating the localization of electron cloud density through breaking topological symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Colorful infrared transmittance modulators are developed. • A novel asymmetric "IRPCM" FP cavity is designed. • Design principles and materials map of IRPCM are provided. • Besides GeTe, GeSe 0.75 Te 0.25 and Ge 4 Sb 0.5 Bi 0.5 Te 5 are also IRPCM candidates. • High performance of GeTe results from its small-atom composition and intrinsic-vacancy-free structure. Colorful infrared transmittance modulators (CITM) have important applications in many emerging optical fields. However, there are no rich colors in the existing infrared-transmittance modulators. The selective reflection-enhanced Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities in rich colors cannot obtain transmittance modulation performance owing to the use of metallic reflective layers. Here, we design an asymmetric FP cavity with high-optical-contrast infrared phase change materials as the reflective layer (named as "IRPCM" cavity), achieving a combination of infrared transmittance modulation and desired colors. As a proof-of-concept, our prepared IRPCM cavity composed of ZnS/GeTe not only has infrared transmittance modulation performance (66%, 3–5 μm) much greater than that of the traditional Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 film (38%), but also has colors. By combining theoretical calculations with experiments, we show that the high transmittance modulation performance of GeTe results from its small atomic composition and intrinsic vacancy-free structure. Based on the new insights, we propose the design principles of IRPCM and outline the materials map. The results show that besides GeTe, GeSe 0.75 Te 0.25 and Ge 4 Sb 0.5 Bi 0.5 Te 5 are also IRPCM candidates. Therefore, this study provides new IRPCMs for solving the problem of integrating colors with infrared-transmittance modulation in a thin film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]