1. Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
- Author
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Arora S, Kumar R, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, and Kumar P
- Subjects
- Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Molecular Docking Simulation, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV-1, HIV Infections drug therapy, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome chemically induced, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy
- Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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