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Background: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and associated with complications and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with cirrhosis were screened using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, the Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool and the Skeletal Muscle Index. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and consistency with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria results were calculated. We also analysed the association between nutritional status and short‐term prognosis. Results: We enrolled 125 patients with cirrhosis, of whom 59.20% and 60.00% were malnourished based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria and Skeletal Muscle Index. Some 53.60% and 65.60%, respectively, were classified medium‐to‐high nutritional risk by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and the Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool. The Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool had the best predictive value, and it was more sensitive and had a better negative predictive value than the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Tool. The Skeletal Muscle Index also had good sensitivity and predictive value. The Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool, Skeletal Muscle Index and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria showed high concordance. The 3‐ and 6‐month mortality rates were significantly higher for patients with moderate‐to‐high nutritional risk or malnutrition, regardless of the tool. Conclusions: When assessing cirrhosis with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, the Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool is best for nutritional screening and the Skeletal Muscle Index is also a good nutritional assessment tool. Key points: Diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases were considered.The Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool score is not affected by the presence of oedema and ascites and is therefore more advantageous than the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, which is more commonly used in clinical practice in cirrhotic patients.The results of the present study show that the Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool is more valuable than the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 for determining the short‐term prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis.The study found good concordance between the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, lumbar 3‐SMI can be used to assess the nutritional status of these patients.C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and procalcitonin levels significantly increased in patients with moderate‐to‐high nutritional risk or malnutrition compared to their counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Dehydration of serine/threonine residues necessitates the activity of a dehydratase enzyme (domain) during the biosynthesis of RiPP. Recently, it was reported that dehydration in the thioviridamide pathway relies on a distinct dehydratase complex that showcases the activities of a phosphotransferase TvaC for serine/threonine phosphorylation and a lyase TvaD for subsequent phosphate elimination. Herein, we report that dehydration reactions in the pathway of lantibiotic cacaoidin involves a similar dehydratase complex, CaoK/CaoY. Remarkably, this dehydratase complex exhibits flexible enzymatic activity and tolerates significant variations in its substrate peptide sequence. By binding with the leader peptide (LP) sequence of precursor peptide CaoA, the dehydration reactions proceed in a directional manner from the C‐terminus of the core peptide (CP) to the N‐terminus, and C‐terminally truncated variants of CP are acceptable. We show that fusing CaoK to CaoY in a 1 : 1 molar ratio enables the resulting enzyme CaoYK to exert enhanced dehydration activity. CaoK binds with the LP to improve its own solubility and to ensure the phosphate transfer activity, while CaoY functions in a manner independently of LP. This work advances our understanding of the dehydration process during cacaoidin formation, and provides useful enzymes and methods for the studies of the rapidly emerging RiPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ageing of society's population, neurodegenerative diseases have become an important factor affecting the quality of life and mortality in the elderly. Since its physiopathological processes are complex and the authorized medications have recently been shown to have several adverse effects, the development of safe and efficient medications is urgently needed. In this study, we looked at how ginsenoside Rg1 works to postpone neural stem cell ageing and brain ageing, giving it a solid scientific foundation for use as a therapeutic therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta‐analysis aims to systemically evaluate the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The China HowNet, China Biomedical Literature, VIP periodical resource integration service platform, Wanfang, Embase, Cochrane Central, and PubMed databases were retrieved using the computer. The retrieval period was up to July 2021. Randomised controlled trials on VSD combined with PRP in the treatment of DFU were collected. Those trials that met the inclusion criteria were included for meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 13 articles were included. In the trial group, 477 patients with DFU were treated with VSD combined with PRP, while in the control group, 482 patients with DFU were treated with conventional dressings and/or VSD. The meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, VSD combined with PRP has significant advantages in shortening healing time (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.07 to −0.67, P <.00001), improving ulcer healing rates (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.95 ~ 5.46, P <.00001), and reducing hospital stays (mean difference = −15.29, 95% CI: −16.05 to −14.54, P <.00001), but the differences in dressing change times (SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −2.71 to 0.17, P =.08) and hospitalisation expenses (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −13.40 to 13.07, P =.98) were not statistically significant. VSD combined with autologous PRP has good curative efficacy in the treatment of DFU and is a better treatment option. However, this treatment is limited in patients with platelet dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukaemia, and poor general condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoselenium compounds are important molecules owing to their value in medicinal chemistry, material chemistry and biochemistry. The selenation of pharmaceutical molecules is a promising way to find new drugs. Herein, we introduced an electrochemical oxidative cross‐coupling of pyrazolones and diselenides without transition‐metal catalyst and external oxidant. Various pyrazolones and diselenides were compatible, generating the desired products in up to 86% yield. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggested that a radical/radical cross‐coupling process might be involved in this transformation. This method provides a green and convenient route for directly installing a selenium moiety into bioactive pyrazolone derivatives, which possesses great application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel unsupervised learning approach for computing correspondences between non‐rigid 3D shapes. The core idea is that we integrate a novel structural constraint into the deep functional map pipeline, a recently dominant learning framework for shape correspondence, via a powerful spectral manifold wavelet transform (SMWT). As SMWT is isometrically invariant operator and can analyze features from multiple frequency bands, we use the multiscale SMWT results of the learned features as function preservation constraints to optimize the functional map by assuming each frequency‐band information of the descriptors should be correspondingly preserved by the functional map. Such a strategy allows extracting significantly more deep feature information than existing approaches which only use the learned descriptors to estimate the functional map. And our formula strongly ensure the isometric properties of the underlying map. We also prove that our computation of the functional map amounts to filtering processes only referring to matrix multiplication. Then, we leverage the alignment errors of intrinsic embedding between shapes as a loss function and solve it in an unsupervised way using the Sinkhorn algorithm. Finally, we utilize DiffusionNet as a feature extractor to ensure that discretization‐resistant and directional shape features are produced. Experiments on multiple challenging datasets prove that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art correspondence quality. Furthermore, our method yields significant improvements in robustness to shape discretization and generalization across the different datasets. The source code and trained models will be available at https://github.com/HJ-Xu/WTFM-Layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and implementation of efficient p‐type transparent conducting (TC) oxides with excellent performance are the global material challenge. The strategy of "chemical modulation of the valence band" triggers the enthusiasm for p‐type TC delafossite CuMO2. However, the low conductivity of previous CuMO2 films obstructs the development of delafossite‐based electronics. Herein, a new p‐type 4d transition metal Rh‐based CuRhO2 film with large‐size is first designed and fabricated by a facile solution method. Room‐temperature conductivity as high as 735 S cm−1 is achieved by substituting 10%Mg in Rh sites. Additionally, the acceptor‐doped CuRhO2 films exhibit high near‐infrared transmittance of 85–60% with low room‐temperature sheet resistance of 4.28–0.18 kΩ sq−1. Furthermore, the electronic structure, electrical transport mechanism, and intra‐band excitation feature for the CuRhO2 film are unveiled. The theoretical and experimental results make a great advance in p‐type TC films and will pave a promising blueprint for future multifunctional opto‐electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small‐size pixels and high efficiency under low injection levels are required for high‐resolution microdisplay. Efficient blue InGaN micro‐light‐emitting diodes (μLEDs) with 5 μm diameter are fabricated using AuSn flip‐chip bonding, high reflection electrodes, and large‐area N electrodes surrounding the mesas. The peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) measured in an integrating sphere is as high as 13.67% at a current density of 5.4 A cm−2. Moreover, at a current density of 0.1 A cm−2, EQE can still reach 11.69%. The electrical efficiency approaches 1, and the differential slope of log L versus log I is close to 1 at low current density. These results suggest significant progress in exploring high‐efficiency 5 μm InGaN blue μLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species delimitation remains a challenge worldwide, especially in highly diverse tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we use an integrative approach that combines morphology, phylogenomics, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to clarify the cryptic differentiation within the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) in China and adjacent regions. We generated complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal sequences for diverse samples from across the species range and compared results with previously published plastid data, recovering two well‐supported monophyletic clades. Further, the analysis revealed significant differences in two morphological characters and SDM, indicating distinct environmental factors influencing their distributions. Fossil‐calibrated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the cryptic species gave divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo‐Miocene; a period of new ecological opportunities associated with the prevailing East Asian monsoon. Multivariate analyses support the conclusion that southern China and adjacent regions have a different, previously unknown, cryptic lineage of C. filiformis. Our study highlights the importance of using multivariate approach to characterize plant species, as well as the significant role that past climatic changes have played in driving speciation in parasitic plants in tropical and subtropical zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]