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While the structural deformation at the Arabia-Anatolia-Africa junction is critical for understanding eastern Mediterranean tectonics, it remains debatable (extensional or compressional). Field survey of the 2023 Mw7.7 Pazarcik earthquake surface rupture along the Amanos Range, and microstructure and composition analyses of related fault rock were performed to investigate this issue. The surface rupture shows transtensional branches, with the main and secondary strands displaying sinistral (normal) offsets of 2.0–4.0 (0.4–0.9) and 1.0 (0.2) m. Slip plane of the secondary fault is marked by a ∼20 cm wide extensional fracture dividing fault breccia from gouge. Meanwhile, the gouge (26 % calcite, 38% serpentine and 36% smectite) is also dominated by tension cracks microscopically. In contrast to the widespread extensional deformation, geological evidence imply that this fault had experienced reverse slip in the Quaternary, as shown by thrusting of serpentine onto alluvium and the consistency of R foliations with reverse shear. We interpret it as the SW continuation of the East Anatolia fault (EAF) that was formerly characterized by transpressional deformation, and reactivated transtensionally due to the change of fault strike during this earthquake. In the broader Mediterranean tectonics framework, the Amanos segment might be interpreted as a recently formed component linking the Karasu fault to the EAF. • The coseismic rupture along the Amanos Range is overall transtensional. • The largest branch fault reactivated was previously transpressional. • This transformation happened in the Quaternary. • It highlights the tectonic evolution in the Arabia-Anatolia-Africa junction zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The ultrathin Ni-phyllosilicate was successfully synthesized by ball milling method. • H 2 O 2 played a crucial role of pore-forming reagent to create defects in Ni-phyllosilicate. • Nickel acetylacetonate was the optimal nickel salt precursor to form Ni-phyllosilicate. • Metal utilization rate was significantly improved owing to the ultrathin defect-rich structure. • The optimum catalyst exhibited enhanced low-temperature activity for CO 2 methanation. To address the problems of low metal utilization rate and poor low-temperature activity of the nickel phyllosilicate catalysts for CO 2 methanation, this work prepared ultrathin defect-rich Ni-phyllosilicate through ball milling method in the presence of H 2 O 2 modifier, which simultaneously created active sites with more quantity and higher quality. The instantaneous temperature and high pressure derived from the collision and friction of grinding balls provided driving force for the Ni-phyllosilicate synthesis, and the shear force destroyed the interlayer forces to construct the ultrathin layers. H 2 O 2 molecule could insert the layers and dissociate to O 2 bubbles, whose cavitation effect created holes and defects in the nickel phyllosilicate nanosheets and SiO 2 spheres. H 2 O 2 amount was crucial for the defect construction and the optimum Ni-AA-1H catalyst possessed the ultrathin nanosheet of 0.68 nm and high Ni dispersion of 15.6 %, whose TOF CO2 reached 3.76 × 10−2 s−1 at 160 °C. The in-situ DRIFTS results confirmed the enhanced low-temperature activity and the HCOO− reaction pathway over Ni-AA-1H for CO 2 methanation. Nickel precursor effect was also investigated, and nickel acetylacetonate was determined as the optimal one compared with nickel acetate and nickel chloride, owing to the high steric effect of CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 − group and strong basicity environment during ball milling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (nitrite-DAMO) microbes are enriched in sewers. • Nitrite-DAMO process is stimulated due to in-sewer nitrate-dosing for sulfide control. • Candidatus Methylomirabilis are likely to be the key microbe in inducing nitrite-DAMO process. • The finding of nitrite-DAMO process opens a new path to sewer methane mitigation. Nitrate or nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) is a microbial process that links carbon and nitrogen cycles as a methane sink in many natural environments. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (nitrite-DAMO) process can be stimulated in sewer systems under continuous nitrate dosing for sulfide control. In a laboratory sewer system, continuous nitrate dosing not only achieved complete sulfide removal, but also significantly decreased dissolved methane concentration by ∼50 %. Independent batch tests confirmed the coupling of methane oxidation with nitrate and nitrite reduction, revealing similar methane oxidation rates of 3.68 ± 0.5 mg CH 4 L−1 h−1 (with nitrate as electron acceptor) and 3.57 ± 0.4 mg CH 4 L−1 h−1 (with nitrite as electron acceptor). Comprehensive microbial analysis unveiled the presence of a subgroup of the NC10 phylum, namely Candidatus Methylomirabilis (n-DAMO bacteria that couples nitrite reduction with methane oxidation), growing in sewer biofilms and surface sediments with relative abundances of 1.9 % and 1.6 %, respectively. In contrast, n-DAMO archaea that couple methane oxidation solely to nitrate reduction were not detected. Together these results indicated the successful enrichment of n-DAMO bacteria in sewerage systems, contributing to approx. 64 % of nitrite reduction and around 50 % of dissolved methane removal through the nitrite-DAMO process, as estimated by mass balance analysis. The occurrence of the nitrite-DAMO process in sewer systems opens a new path to sewer methane emissions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the soluble portions (SPs) of eight lignites which were obtained by extracting using cyclohexane, methanol and ethanol, respectively, as the solvent. For thermal dissolution at 300 °C using cyclohexane, the intermolecular interactions between mobile phase and macromolecules in coal were weakened. Consequently, non- and low-polar compounds such as alkanes and aromatics were well dissolved. Methanol and ethanol were more likely to closely interact with oxygen-containing functional groups and promoted the breakage of hydrogen bonds and weak covalent bonds. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified all the 24 SPs, and the SPs from cyclohexane and ethanol solvents exhibited more similarity. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was established to reproduce the classification results of SPs entirely and accurately. The SPs were further classified by combining a small number of geochemical characteristic compounds rather than massive GC-MS data. • Three low-rank coals retain the biological properties of numerous aquatic plants. • Data mining provides convenient and accurate classification for coal samples. • PLS-DA classification is determined by differential geochemical characteristic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the AAPF* algorithm, an innovative approach that synergistically integrates the A-star search algorithm (A*) with the artificial potential field (APF) method. This algorithm is designed to enhance safety and ensure smoother global path planning for autonomous vehicles, particularly addressing vehicle cornering constraints. Initially, for augmenting the safety of autonomous vehicle, we implement an obstacle expansion strategy with a factor of 2 units, enhancing environmental adaptability. The study then delves into the classical A* algorithm, examining its core principles and characteristics, leading to the development of novel heuristic functions and search strategies that address the limitations inherent in the classic A* algorithm. Subsequently, we explore the APF algorithm, recognized for its excellence in obstacle avoidance in path planning. The paper culminates in the amalgamation of the APF’s repulsive field concept with the improved A* algorithm, crafting a comprehensive global planning algorithm tailored for autonomous vehicle path planning schemes. Experiments conducted in a simulated environment model validate the AAPF* algorithm’s efficacy in improving both the safety and smoothness, demonstrating its potential for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of deep learning, Remote Sensing Image (RSI) semantic segmentation has produced significant advances. However, due to the sparse distribution of the objects and the high similarity between classes, the task of semantic segmentation in RSI is still extremely challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic segmentation framework for RSI called HST-UNet that can overcome the shortcomings of the existing models and extract and recover the global and local features of RSI, which is a hybrid semantic segmentation model with Shunted Transformer as encoder and Multi-Scale Convolutional Attention Network (MSCAN) as decoder. Then, to better fuse the information from the Encoder and the Decoder and alleviate the ambiguity, we design a Learnable Weighted Fusion (LWF) module to effectively connect to the decoder features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed HST-UNet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving F1 score/MIoU accuracy of 71.44%/83.00% on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset and 77.36%/87.09% on ISPRS Potsdam dataset. The code will be available at https://github.com/HC-Zhou/HST-UNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using inexpensive terephthalic acid as a substitute for isophthalic acid, nitrogen-doped carbon coated nickel nanoparticles (Ni@NC) materials were synthesized by pyrolysis of Ni-MOF precursor, which were applied to the selective hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol under mild conditions (60 °C, 2 h) and showed better catalytic performance (>99.9 % conversion of p-nitrophenol and >99.9 % selectivity for p-aminophenol). The excellent catalytic performance may be mainly attributed to their core–shell structure, i.e., zero-valent nickel nanoparticles encapsulated within a nitrogen-doped carbon layer with an appropriate microporous structure, whereas zero-valent nickel nanoparticles have the ability to activate dihydrogen and block dioxygen. [Display omitted] The catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds under mild conditions to generate amino compounds is a great challenge in terms of conversion, selectivity and stability. In this paper, two classes of nitrogen-doped carbon coated nickel nanoparticles, coined Ni@NC-P and displaced Ni@NC-T were prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis of MOFs using inexpensive terephthalic acid and high-priced trimesic acid as carbon source, respectively. One from the former class, namely the Ni@NC-P-500 catalyst, exhibits the best catalytic performance, which is superior to Ni@NC-T-500 Samples. For the selective hydrogenation of p -nitrophenol under mild conditions (60 °C, 2 h), the Ni@NC-P-500 catalyst shows >99.9 % conversion of p -nitrophenol and >99.9 % selectivity for p -aminophenol and can be recycled five times without obvious decrease of conversion and selectivity, thanks to its larger specific surface area (382.02 m2·g−1), smaller nickel particle size (8.2 nm), higher nitrogen content (especially pyridine nitrogen), higher electron-rich nickel content and less hydrophilic properties than that of the Ni@NC-T-500. The excellent stability and recyclability of the catalysts are mainly attributed to their core–shell structure, i.e., zero-valent nickel nanoparticles encapsulated within a nitrogen-doped carbon layer with an appropriate microporous structure, whereas zero-valent nickel nanoparticles have the ability to activate dihydrogen and block dioxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the oxygen bond cleavage and its migration mechanisms during the pyrolysis process of sub-bituminous coals is essential for their classification utilization. The present study employed a fixed-bed pyrolysis technique (temperature range: 350–600 °C) to explore the cleavage of oxygen-containing bonds and subsequent behavior of oxygen migration and transformation during the pyrolysis process of Naomaohu sub-bituminous coal (NSBC). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results reveal that the organic oxygen in NSBC predominantly exists as the form of C–O bonds, accounting for 22.81 wt% of the total composition, mainly encompassing hydroxyl, carbonyl, ester, and ether groups. The organic oxygen in the light tar is mainly in the form of phenols, reaching 1.71 wt%, of which methyl substituted phenols is predominant at a final pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. This can be attributed to the presence of more aryl ether bonds and hydroxyl groups in NSBC, which are prone to cleavage at higher temperatures, resulting in the formation of phenoxyl radicals. Additionally, the higher temperature facilitates the weakening of hydrogen bonds between phenolic hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing the yield of phenolic compounds. The ester compounds present a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, primarily associated with the cleavage temperature of ester linkers being 350 °C, suggesting that an increase in temperature favors the cleavage of ester bonds. In addition, the cleavage of C–O bonds begins to accelerate significantly during the pyrolysis temperature range of 450–500 °C, subsequently accounting for the pronounced proliferation of phenols within this specific thermal interval. The oxygen content in semi-coke decreased with the increase of temperature, from 85.27 wt% at 350 °C to 37.17 wt% at 600 °C, while the oxygen content in the pyrolysis gas increases from 11.63 wt% at 350 °C to 47.53 wt% at 600 °C, indicating that a significant migration of organic oxygen to the pyrolysis gas during the pyrolysis of NSBC. This study can deepen the understanding of the transformation mechanism of oxygen-containing structure in NSBC pyrolysis process, and provide a theoretical basis for high-grade utilization of low-rank coals. [Display omitted] • Elevated temperatures promote the migration of organic oxygen into volatile products. • The breaking of organic oxygen bonds depends mainly on temperature. • High temperatures favor the breaking of aryl ether bonds to form phenols. • Cleavage of aryl alkyl ethers at 350–450 °C leads to a large increase in alcohols. • The release of volatile oxygenates leads to a reduction in the oxygen content of the coke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore whether modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release would correct moderate to severe HV deformity and what is the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) for objective and subjective evaluating parameters. Methods: From March 2018 to January 2019, 40 hallux valgus patients (including moderate to severe) were enrolled in this retrospective study. The cohort included four males and 36 females. The average age at surgery was 50.95 (range 22–75) years. All patients underwent modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release and completed at least one follow‐up at clinic. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle forefoot score (AOFAS, forefoot), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Foot Function Index (FFI) were all collected before and after surgery. Besides, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1st–2nd intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were measured both before surgery and at last follow‐up. All MCID values were calculated by employing distribution‐based method. Results: Thirty‐seven patients (92.5%) showed satisfied result at a mean 14.3‐month follow‐up (range 13–22 month). Two patients complained about residual pain at the bunion, and overcorrection (hallux varus) occurred in one patient. Meanwhile, no patient observed nonunion. Being female, age more than 60, residual HVA deformity (>15°), and post IMA more than 9° showed no statistical relationship with the post‐operation residual pain (P > 0.05). However, high VAS score before surgery (more than 7) showed strong correlation with residual pain (P < 0.01). The subjective MCID value was 9.50 for AOFAS, 18.92 for FFI, and 1.27 for VAS, respectively. Conclusion: The modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release could achieve a satisfied result for moderate to severe HV deformity at early follow‐up. The residual pain was associated with severe pain before surgery (VAS more than 7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the homocysteine/methionine metabolism pathway that is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases. Previous association studies have been performed to investigate the effect of polymorphisms in MTHFR on the risk of autoimmune diseases with inconsistent results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was designed to assess the association between the MTHFR 677 C/T and 1298 A/C polymorphisms and the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. We identified reports by a literature search in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid, Web of science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Statistical analyses of the summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were done using STATA software. In a recessive genetic model, the MTHFR 677 C/T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of Behcet's disease (OR = 1.97 , 95% CI, 1.31-2.97), multiple sclerosis (OR = 1.57 , 95% CI, 1.03-2.38), and ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 2.90 , 95% CI, 1.92-4.38). The MTHFR 1298 A/C polymorphism was associated an increased risk of multiple sclerosis in a heterozygote comparison (OR = 2.36 , 95% CI, 1.29-4.30) and in a dominant model (OR = 2.31 , 95% CI, 1.24-4.29). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the MTHFR 677 C/T was a risk factor for Behcet's disease, multiple sclerosis, and ankylosing spondylitis, and the 1298 A/C was a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem that the K-means algorithm is sensitive to the initial clustering centers and easily falls into local optima, we propose a new hybrid clustering algorithm called the IGWOKHM algorithm. In this paper, we first propose an improved strategy based on a nonlinear convergence factor, an inertial step size, and a dynamic weight to improve the search ability of the traditional grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Then, the improved GWO (IGWO) algorithm and the K-harmonic means (KHM) algorithm are fused to solve the clustering problem. This fusion clustering algorithm is called IGWOKHM, and it combines the global search ability of IGWO with the local fast optimization ability of KHM to both solve the problem of the K-means algorithm's sensitivity to the initial clustering centers and address the shortcomings of KHM. The experimental results on 8 test functions and 4 University of California Irvine (UCI) datasets show that the IGWO algorithm greatly improves the efficiency of the model while ensuring the stability of the algorithm. The fusion clustering algorithm can effectively overcome the inadequacies of the K-means algorithm and has a good global optimization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public development projects (PDPs) and documented public development projects (DPDPs) are two types of projects that can provide valuable information on how developers and users participate in OSS projects. However, it is hard for researchers to effectively select PDPs and DPDPs due to the lack of specific project selection methods for these two types of projects. To address this problem, a standard dataset was labelled and the base line methods (i.e. selecting projects according to a single feature like star number) under 60 configurations and the machine learning methods under 18 configurations were tested to identify the best configurations in precision and F‐measure for selecting PDPs and DPDPs. The results show that (1) to select PDPs or DPDPs with a high precision, the base line method is the best with precision of 0.877 (PDPs) and 0.831 (DPDPs); (2) to select PDPs or DPDPs with a high F‐measure, the machine learning methods are the best, with F‐measure of 0.817 (PDPs) and 0.789 (DPDPs); (3) existing sample selection strategies can be combined with the machine learning methods, and the precision of selecting PDPs can be increased by 6.39%–41.33% and the precision of selecting DPDPs can be can be increased by 35.50%–269.02%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of tumor of the primary nervous system. Treatment options for GBM include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, the clinical outcomes are poor, with a high rate of recurrence. An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve important roles in several types of cancer. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs and their biological functions. Then, we detected the circular RNA bifunctional apoptosis regulator (circBFAR) was significantly increased in three GEO datasets. However, the role of circBFAR has not been reported in GBM. In this study, the expression of circBFAR was significantly increased both in GBM tissues or cell lines and was negatively correlated with overall survival in patients with GBM. Knockdown of circBFAR inhibited proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Increased expression of circBFAR resulted in a reduction of miR‐548b expression in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter and RIP assay indicated that miR‐548b was a direct target of circBFAR, and miR‐548b may negatively regulate the expression of FoxM1. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 could counter the effect of circBFAR silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cell lines. Moreover, we identified that circBFAR regulates FoxM1 by interacting with miR‐548b in glioma cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a circBFAR/miR‐548b/FoxM1 axis regulates the development of GBM and highlights potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has shown that AdipoRon, a synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist, is involved in the regulation of whole-body insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. Here, using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and isotopic tracing techniques, we show that short-term (10 days) AdipoRon administration indirectly inhibits lipolysis in white adipose tissue via increasing circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in mice fed a high-fat diet. This led to reduced plasma-free fatty acid concentrations and improved lipidinduced whole-body insulin resistance. In contrast, we found that long-term (20 days) AdipoRon administration directly exacerbated white adipose tissue lipolysis, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, and impaired the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the skeletal muscle, resulting in aggravated whole-body insulin resistance. Together, these data provide new insights into the comprehensive understanding of multifaceted functional complexity of AdipoRon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenol compounds can modify myofibrillar proteins to improve the quality of fish and surimi. Nevertheless, research into the precise mechanisms of interaction between phenolic substances and sea bass myofibrillar proteins is lacking. This study aimed to explore the interaction mechanism between five phenolic compounds (caffeic acid (CFA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), resveratrol (RES), and catechin (CAT)) with sea bass myofibrillar protein (MP). The results of UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy (namely, multi-spectroscopy) showed that all five phenolic compounds could spontaneously form new complexes with MP, with a binding molar ratio of 1:1. The interaction between CFA and MP is predominantly electrostatic, while the interaction between GA and MP is mainly hydrophobic. The rest of phenolic compounds and MP are mediated by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. And molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that CHA-myosin had the minimum root mean square deviation, while CFA-myosin had the smallest Rg value. In addition, the amino acid Lys-179 was the key residue for the interaction between five phenolic compounds and myosin. This study contributes to a better understanding of the interaction between phenolic compounds and sea bass MP, which could develop the processing of aquatic food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dynamic hydrothermal method could accelerate the Ni-phyllosilicate synthesis. • Glycerol modification significantly reduced the thickness of Ni-phyllosilicate nanosheets. • Synergistic effect of stirring and viscous solvent led to enhanced activity for CO 2 methanation. • Viscous solvent-assisted dynamic hydrothermal method was competitive to synthesize Ni-phyllosilicate. To address the shortcomings of poor convection and product agglomeration of the static hydrothermal method, the dynamic hydrothermal method together with the viscous solvent-assisted dynamic hydrothermal method were proposed to synthesize Ni-phyllosilicate in this work. Stirring seemed to be powerful to accelerate the synthesis with significant increase of Ni content from 11.80 wt% (static synthesis) to 23.13 wt% (dynamic synthesis). The further modification of glycerol increased the shearing force to exfoliate the Ni-phyllosilicate nanosheets during dynamic synthesis, whose thickness could reach 1.17 nm with improved metal utilization ratio after reduction. As a result, the activity of CO 2 methanation was enhanced with large TOF CO2 of 3.5 × 10−2 s−1 and small E a of 65.13 kJ·mol−1. In situ DRIFTS analysis confirmed the existence of high actively intermediate of m -HCOO− and *CO, which could be further hydrogenated into CH x species. In short, the synergistic effect of dynamic stirring and glycerol modification drove the enhancement of catalytic activity, and also provided the possibility of large-scale production of Ni-phyllosilicate using hydrothermal method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Large yellow croaker roes were used as raw materials to produce fish sauce. • The quality of fish sauce was evaluated via chemical properties. • The connection between fermentation temperature and chemical properties of fish sauce was revealed. • Metabolomics technique was used to analyze the metabolic expression of fish sauce. • Temperature could influence the expression of metabolic substances in fish sauce. Fish sauce is a popular aquatic condiment with unique flavor. In this study, the changes in the chemical properties and metabolite profiling of fish sauce from large yellow croaker roes during fermentation at different temperatures were revealed. The results found that the contents of total acid, amino acid nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen and soluble salt-free solids of fish sauce fermented at 40 °C were higher than those in other temperatures groups (25 °C and 32 °C), while the contents of total volatile basic nitrogen were lower than other temperatures. Therefore, 40 °C was the ideal fermentation temperature for fish sauce. The metabolomics analysis showed that organic acids, amino acids, nucleotide, and lipid compounds were found to participate in the biosynthesis pathway. Compared to 25 °C and 32 °C, fermented at 40 °C could increase the abundance of metabolic substances in the fish sauce, such as sugar alcohols, L-Citrulline, L-Aspartic acid, L-Cysteine, Glutathione, and L-Arginine. These results provide a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality fish sauce and the high-value utilization of fish roes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, BiOCl–C composites were prepared using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) as the carbon source. SLS also acted as a surfactant, and the BiOCl–C nanosheets gradually became smaller with the increase of SLS dosages. When SLS was added at 0.4 g, the formed BiOCl–C nanosheets had the best effect in terms of size and photocatalytic activity. Compared with pure BiOCl, the small size BiOCl–C nanosheets showed better degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and could eliminate 90.2 % RhB under light conditions. This might be due to the incorporation of carbon material which increased the specific surface area and decreased the electron-hole recombination rate. Meanwhile, BiOCl–C obtained higher electron mobility rate under the small size effect, which improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Therefore, the prepared BiOCl–C is a promising photocatalyst for degrading organic pollutants. This work provides a new idea for the design of efficient environmental catalytic photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • BiOCl–C composites were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) was used as surfactant and carbon precursor. • The effect of SLS on the morphology of BiOCl–C was investigated in detail. • The photocatalytic performance of BiOCl–C was significantly improved. • The photocatalytic mechanism of RhB degradation by BiOCl–C was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital elevation model (DEM) acquired through photogrammetry or LiDAR usually exposes voids due to phenomena such as instrumentation artifact, ground occlusion, etc. For this reason, this paper proposes a multiattention generative adversarial network model to fill the voids. In this model, a multiscale feature fusion generation network is proposed to initially fill the voids, and then a multiattention filling network is proposed to recover the detailed features of the terrain surrounding the void area, and the channel-spatial cropping attention mechanism module is proposed as an enhancement of the network. Spectral normalization is added to each convolution layer in the discriminator network. Finally, the training of the model by a combined loss function, including reconstruction loss and adversarial loss, is optimized. Three groups of experiments with four different types of terrains, hillsides, valleys, ridges and hills, are conducted for validation of the proposed model. The experimental results show that (1) the structural similarity surrounding terrestrial voids in the three types of terrains (i.e., hillside, valley, and ridge) can reach 80–90%, which implies that the DEM accuracy can be improved by at least 10% relative to the traditional interpolation methods (i.e., Kriging, IDW, and Spline), and can reach 57.4%, while other deep learning models (i.e., CE, GL and CR) only reach 43.2%, 17.1% and 11.4% in the hilly areas, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the structural similarity surrounding the terrestrial voids filled using the model proposed in this paper can reach 60–90% upon the types of terrain, such as hillside, valley, ridge, and hill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a method for solidifying sulfide and sulfate nanoparticulate powder to prepare bracketing standards and samples for in situ S isotopic analysis using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP–MS) was developed. Sulfide or sulfate powder was transformed into a stable and mechanically resistant target by mixing it with epoxy resin. Using this method, seven bracketing standards with diverse matrix minerals (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, barite, and gypsum) were synthesized in the form of resin-preserved powders (RPPs). The effects of ablation behavior, powder particle size, and homogeneity on the S isotopic ratios in these RPPs were rigorously evaluated. The precision of the δ34S VCDT sulfur isotopic results obtained by LA-MC-ICP–MS was better than 0.47‰ (2SD uncertainty, n ≥ 20 over 4 months) for the S-bearing mineral RPPs. Finally, the in situ S isotope results of the seven RPPs measured by LA-MC-ICP–MS were consistent with the values obtained using solution nebulizer (SN)-MC-ICP–MS. The isotopic composition and homogeneity of a range of sulfide mineral RPPs (seven minerals referred to above) were characterized for use as potential reference materials. Our method provides the opportunity to prepare bracketing standards and samples for in situ S isotope analysis for a wide range of sulfur-bearing materials and is particularly appropriate for geologic samples with complex matrices and for which high spatial resolution in situ microbeam analysis is critical. More importantly, this method provides new prospects for the preparation of homogenized reference materials from natural minerals that are urgently needed for matrix-matched calibration and quality control of LA-ICP–MS geochemical and isotope data. [Display omitted] • A method for preparing bracketing S isotope standard has been developed. • Seven bracketing standards with diverse S matrices were synthesized in RPPs. • The precision of δ34S VCDT obtained were better than 0.47‰ for the S-bearing RPPs. • The S-bearing mineral RPPs solidifying method is reliability and robustness. • Isotopic composition and homogeneity of 7 RPPs were characterized for use as RMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of high-efficient and low-cost heterostructure photocatalyst is crucial for hydrogen production in solar driven water splitting. Herein, g-C3N4-modified TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with confined Pt nanoparticles were prepared via a facile two-step process. The results of structure characterizations by XRD, TEM, and XPS reveal that Pt nanoparticles with the average size of 2–3 nm are embedded in the inner cavity of the TiO2 nanotube, and amorphous g-C3N4 is attached to the outer wall of anatase TNTs. The as-prepared g-C3N4/TNTs@Pt ternary composite displays an enhanced visible light-induced absorbance capacity and improved charge carrier recombination rate than that of pure TNTs. The photocatalytic performance is evaluated by hydrogen evolution from water splitting by using methanol as sacrifice agent under solar light illumination. Compared with TNTs@Pt and g-C3N4/Pt photocatalysts, the as-prepared ternary nanocomposite exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance with a H2 evolution rate of 15.36 mmol h−1 g−1. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production over the ternary g-C3N4/TNTs@Pt composite is also proposed. This work not only provides a promising low-cost heterostructure candidate for water splitting, but also paves the way to rational design high-performance photocatalysts in solar-to-fuel conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We have previously reported the safety and immunogenicity 4 weeks after 2 doses of the Clover coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate, SCB-2019, a stabilized prefusion form of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S-trimer). We now report persistence of antibodies up to 6 months after vaccination, and cross-neutralization titers against 3 variants of concern (VoCs).Methods: In a phase 1 study, adult (18-54 years of age) and elderly (55-75 years of age) volunteers received 2 vaccinations 21 days apart with placebo or 3-, 9-, or 30-µg. We measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SCB-2019, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competitive binding antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) at days 101 and 184, and neutralizing antibodies against 3 VoCs, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P.1), in day 36 sera.Results: Titers waned from their peak at days 36-50, but SCB-2019 IgG antibodies, ACE2 competitive binding antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 persisted at 25%-35% of their observed peak levels at day 184. Day 36 sera also demonstrated dose-dependent increases in neutralizing titers against the 3 VoCs.Conclusions: SCB-2019 dose-dependently induced immune responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, which persisted up to day 184. Neutralizing antibodies were cross-reactive against 3 of the most prevalent VoCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors recognize avirulence effectors directly through their integrated domains (IDs) or indirectly via the effector-targeted proteins. Previous studies have succeeded in generating designer NLR receptors with new recognition profiles by engineering IDs or targeted proteins based on prior knowledge of their interactions with the effectors. However, it is yet a challenge to design a new plant receptor capable of recognizing effectors that function by unknown mechanisms. Several rice NLR immune receptors, including RGA5, possess an integrated heavy metal–associated (HMA) domain that recognizes corresponding Magnaporthe oryzae Avrs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors in the rice blast fungus. Here, we report a designer rice NLR receptor RGA5HMA2 carrying an engineered, integrated HMA domain (RGA5-HMA2) that can recognize the noncorresponding MAX effector AvrPib and confers the RGA4-dependent resistance to the M. oryzae isolates expressing AvrPib, which originally triggers the Pib-mediated blast resistance via unknown mechanisms. The RGA5-HMA2 domain is contrived based on the high structural similarity of AvrPib with two MAX effectors, AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39, recognized by cognate RGA5-HMA, the binding interface between AVR1-CO39 and RGA5-HMA, and the distinct surface charge of AvrPib and RAG5-HMA. This work demonstrates that rice NLR receptors with the HMA domain can be engineered to confer resistance to the M. oryzae isolates noncorresponding but structurally similar MAX effectors, which manifest cognate NLR receptor–mediated resistance with unknown mechanisms. Our study also provides a practical approach for developing rice multilines and broad race spectrum–resistant cultivars by introducing a series of engineered NLR receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag-modified TiO2 on activated carbon fibers (ACF) was synthesized and successfully used for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in this work. The physical properties of the materials were characterized using various methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, UV–Vis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and reusability tests. Besides, the effects of reaction parameters on photodegradation such as silver loading, light source, organic pollutant species and initial pollutant concentration were investigated. The results showed that Ag significantly increased the number of surface adsorption sites, improved the electron transmission rate and suppressed the complexation of e− and h + . Under visible light, 1.5-Ag-TiO2/ACF [ n (Ag : TiO 2) = 1. 5 ] revealed the best catalytic activity and reusability for dye removal and toluene adsorption. Based on the experimental results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of Ag-TiO2/ACF was proposed. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of Ag-TiO2/ACF photocatalyst in the field of organic pollutants treatment. The efficiency of organic pollutants degradation over Ag-TiO2/ACF photocatalyst with different Ag loadings prepared by hydrothermal method is studied. With different loading amounts of Ag-TiO2/ACF, 1.5-Ag-TiO2/ACF revealed the best photocatalytic degradation performance with more than 80% for RhB removal within 1 h when exposed to visible light, while the degradation rate of TiO2/ACF is only about 5% under the same conditions. Physical characteristics of these materials were characterized using miscellaneous methods, including XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, UV–Vis, EIS and reusability test. The effect of reaction parameters on the photodegradation such as Ag loading amount, light source, organic pollutants type and initial pollutant concentration was also studied. The results demonstrated that silver significantly add the quantity of surface adsorption sites, improve electron transmission and restrain the recombination between e– and h+. Enhanced photocatalytic activity mechanisms of the Ag-TiO2/ACF were proposed based upon experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Treatment options for recurrent gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but the clinical outcome is usually limited. In recent years, circular RNAs have been found to play a vital role in several human cancers. Gene Expression Omnibus database was utilized to verify the differentially expressed circRNAs. Then we detected that the expression of circular RNA circHECTD1 was significantly increased. The expression and function of circHECDT1 has not yet been reported in glioma. Then we confirmed that the level of circHECTD1 was significantly increased both in glioma tissues and cell lines, which is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. Knockdown of circHECTD1 inhibited proliferation and invasion in vitro, and also reduced the growth of tumor and prolonged the prognosis in vivo. Knockdown of circHECTD1 significantly elevated the miR‐296‐3p expression in LN229 and T98G cells. Luciferase reports and RNA immunoprecipitation data indicated that miR‐296‐3p was a direct target of circHECTD1 and that the miR‐296‐3p expression negatively regulated SLC10A7. Rescue experiments showed that the overexpression of SLC10A7 could impede the effects of circHECTD1 silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In this study, we identified that circHECTD1 regulates SLC10A7 by interacting with miR‐296‐3p in glioma cells. In conclusion, this study investigated a novel biomarker panel consisting of the circHECTD1/miR‐296‐3p/SLC10A7 axis, which is critical for glioma tumorigenesis and invasiveness and may represent a novel therapeutic target for intervening in glioma progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon isotopes of terrestrial gastropod yield insights on age and paleoenvironments for many depositional settings, but questions remain on the carbon source for gastropod carbonate and the climatic significance. This study documented for four terrestrial gastropod species (Rabdotus dealbatus, A. alternata, V. indentata, and Rumina decollata) from central Texas 14C age offsets between shell‑carbonate and corresponding atmosphere values that lived on carbonate- and kerogen-rich Cretaceous bedrock in the 20th and 21st centuries. Also, the ontogenetic variations in 14C content were assessed to better understand carbon cycling between gastropods and the associated reservoirs. The carbon sources were partitioned based on 13C isotopic values to evaluate the possible causes for age anomalies using initially a three-component model that includes contributions from atmosphere, vegetation, and limestone pools, with a new added fourth component, for soil organic carbon. The average (n = 4) of the outer and inner shell samples yielded the respective 14C ages of 550 ± 325 and 1520 ± 525 yr B.P. The apparent linearized 14C distance-age anomaly for an individual gastropod whorl is 4–26 mm/yr calculate from shell 14C ages on apex and aperture material. The smallest gastropod dated, a single V. indentata test (3.9 mg) yielded the oldest 14C age of 2340 yr B.P. The four-component model for the oldest 14C ages indicates that 50–85% of shell carbon may be from ingestion, with a smaller pool from respiration. Up to 30% of the organic carbon in gastropod shell may be derived from soil organic carbon. Terrestrial gastropods that yield anomalously old 14C ages of >500 years may be detritivores and live in soils with sources of labile old carbon either inherited from the bedrock and/or the older pool of soil organic matter common in well-developed calcium-rich soils. • Modern and prebomb terrestrial gastropods from Texas gave 14C ages 300–2400 yr old. • Gastropod shells show ontogenetic effect with older ages at apex by 100–1700 yr. • Identify new old carbon source for snails from kerogen-rich soil organic matter (SOM) • Develop new four component model (air, rock, SOM and plants) to explain old 14C ages • Up to 30% of carbon in gastropod shell may be derived from SOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compositional distribution of pyrolysis products is related to the molecular structure of coal and pyrolysis parameters. In this study, gaseous products generated from the pyrolysis of two low-rank coals were analyzed by an online home-built infrared detection system. The effect of heating rate and temperature on compositional distribution was considered and evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and Orbitrap-MS were employed to analyze other pyrolysis products such as raw coals, chars, and tars. In the pyrolysis process, oxygen-containing compounds in coal were the first species to participate in pyrolysis reactions. With the enhancement of temperature, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons showed an increasing trend, and the contents of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates decreased. In the four major pyrolysis gases, the yield of H 2 was the highest and the lowest for CO 2. In addition, dynamic curves of the main pyrolysis gas were obtained, and the activation energies of pyrolysis gases were calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall's (OFW) method. The possible generation pathways of gaseous products were proposed. • Online infrared device was used to study the release behavior of pyrolysis gas. • The transformation path of pyrolysis products is proposed. • The effect of secondary reaction on the product was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An anaerobic–aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactor was constructed. • Intermittent electrical stimulation mode promoted phenolics degradation. • Aerobic cathodic chamber showed high contribution to the phenolics removal. • Specific microbes were enriched in the cathodic and anodic chambers of the system. Phenolics were widespread in the effluents of coal gasification plants and oil refineries processes, while the impact of electrical stimulation on phenolics degradation in the combined biological processes remained unclear. Here, a novel anaerobic–aerobic–coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactor (AO-UBER) was used to treat phenol-containing synthetic wastewater and simulated phenolic wastewater. The AO-UBER could treat phenolic compounds effectively via electrical stimulation. Phenol and total phenol removal efficiencies in the intermittently electrically stimulated system with a hydraulic retention time of 6 h were about 22.6% and 31.1%, respectively, higher than that in the biological system not exposed to voltage. The contribution of the aerobic cathodic chamber to the removal of phenolic compounds was higher than that of the anaerobic anodic chamber under the intermittent voltage application mode. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Acinetobacter , Cloacibacterium , Acidovorax, and Zoogloea in the phenol-containing synthetic wastewater treatment process, and Rhodococcus , Achromobacter , Chryseobacterium, and PSB-M-3 in the simulated phenolic wastewater treatment process. These results demonstrate that the AO-UBER under intermittent voltage application mode holds good potential for efficient phenolic wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An anaerobic–aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactor was constructed. • Intermittent electrical stimulation mode promoted phenolics degradation. • Aerobic cathodic chamber showed high contribution to the phenolics removal. • Specific microbes were enriched in the cathodic and anodic chambers of the system. Phenolics were widespread in the effluents of coal gasification plants and oil refineries processes, while the impact of electrical stimulation on phenolics degradation in the combined biological processes remained unclear. Here, a novel anaerobic–aerobic–coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactor (AO-UBER) was used to treat phenol-containing synthetic wastewater and simulated phenolic wastewater. The AO-UBER could treat phenolic compounds effectively via electrical stimulation. Phenol and total phenol removal efficiencies in the intermittently electrically stimulated system with a hydraulic retention time of 6 h were about 22.6% and 31.1%, respectively, higher than that in the biological system not exposed to voltage. The contribution of the aerobic cathodic chamber to the removal of phenolic compounds was higher than that of the anaerobic anodic chamber under the intermittent voltage application mode. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Acinetobacter , Cloacibacterium , Acidovorax, and Zoogloea in the phenol-containing synthetic wastewater treatment process, and Rhodococcus , Achromobacter , Chryseobacterium, and PSB-M-3 in the simulated phenolic wastewater treatment process. These results demonstrate that the AO-UBER under intermittent voltage application mode holds good potential for efficient phenolic wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have explored paleoenvironmental conditions in China's dune fields around the mid-Holocene (MH), ∼6000 calendar years ago, often based on individual paleosol-aeolian sand depositional sequences and local-scale landscape dynamics. So far, continent-scale modeling studies have only indirectly assessed dune activation and stabilization processes via changes in simulated precipitation, net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation), and effective moisture (precipitation divided by evaporation). Here we conducted a comprehensive study using gridded data on potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, and surface wind velocity from 13 climate models participating in the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project phases 4 (PMIP4) and compared the model results with geological records. Our evaluation of spatial patterns of dune activity in northern China around the MH reveals that the intensity of annual MH dune activity exhibited significant differences between the eastern and western parts of Chinese deserts compared to those of the preindustrial period (PI). Dune activity was significantly weaker in the eastern region, while in the western part, it was considerably stronger. The key drivers of this disparity were the distinct spatial variations in near-surface wind speed and effective moisture between the two regions. Compared with the optically stimulated luminescence ages of the paleosol-aeolian sand sedimentary sequences derived from a compilation of geological records from 88 sites across northern China, the model results suggest that the weakening of dune activity and the process of dune stabilization in eastern China around the MH were mainly attributed to a significant increase in effective moisture and a concurrent decrease in near-surface wind speed due to the intensified East Asian summer monsoon. Additionally, the weakening of westerlies in western China resulted in reduced effective moisture, contributing to increased sand availability for dune development and subsequent desert expansion. • Mid-Holocene dune activity in Chinese deserts varied regionally, differing from preindustrial period. • Varied wind speed and moisture caused different mid-Holocene aeolian activities in northern China's western and eastern desert belt. • Numerical simulations aid in interpreting field-based geological findings comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As serious water ecological pollution caused by toxicant leakage occurs frequently, early-warning for toxicity presented in water environment attracts increasing attentions as it saves time to retain water safety and human health. Electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) sensor is a promising device for in situ real-time water toxicity early-warning. To improve the sensitivity of EAB sensor particularly for low-concentration toxicity warning, this study employed titanium mesh (TiM) as the anode to construct an EAB sensor. Compared to traditional EAB sensor with carbon felt (CF) anode, the sensitivity of the TiM sensor was increased up to 37.4 times. The effects of mesh size (TiM50, TiM100, TiM150) and operation mode (flow-by and flow-through) on the sensitivity of TiM sensors were further investigated. Results showed the sensor with TiM100 anode had the highest inhibition rate (IR) in flow-by mode, attributed to low charge transfer resistance (R ct) and fast mass transfer. Flow-through operation could further enhance TiM100 sensor's sensitivity from flow-by operation and succeeded to signal as low as 0.0025% formaldehyde, the lowest so far tested in EAB sensor with sensing anode. Multiple toxicity shocks on flow-through TiM100 sensor revealed its good recoverability towards all tested formaldehyde concentration from 0.01% to 0.0025%, during which electrochemical activity degradation and biomass accumulation partially impaired the repeatability. This work highlights the great improvement of EAB sensors by utilizing titanium mesh as EAB carrier and provides a reference for the practical application of metallic materials for EAB sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive review of electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment was provided. • Enrichment rate and energy consumption were important indicators for phosphorus enrichment. • Phosphorus enrichment promoted p recovery efficiency and vivianite formation. • Prospect and directions of electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment and recovery were presented. The recovery of phosphorus from wastewater is a critical step in addressing the scarcity of phosphorus resources. Electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment have gathered significant attention due to their inherent advantages, such as mild operating conditions, absence of secondary pollution, and potential integration with other technologies. This study presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of phosphorus enrichment, with a specific focus on capacitive deionization and electrodialysis technologies. It highlights the underlying principles and effectiveness of electro-driven techniques for phosphorus enrichment while systematically comparing energy consumption, enrichment rate, and concentration factor among different technologies. Furthermore, the study provides a thorough analysis of the capacity of various technologies to selectively enrich phosphorus and proposes several methods and strategies to enhance selectivity. These insights offer valuable guidance for advancing the future development of electrochemical techniques with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in phosphorus enrichment from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Catalysts for the Knoevenagel are synthesized from different carbon sources such as melamine, dicyandiamide, chitosan, etc. • Co-N-C synthesized with melamine as a carbon source gave yields as high as 93.7% with excellent stability and recyclability. • Promotion of the Knoevenagel reaction by a solid frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) consisting of Coδ+ and Nδ- is discussed. Nitrogen-doped carbon confined cobalt nanoparticles (Co-N-C) were synthesized through multi-step pyrolysis method. The Co-N-C samples exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel reaction of benzaldehyde and malononitrile, of which the yield can be as high as 93.7% within 2.5 min with outstanding stability and recyclability. The catalytic performance may be primarily ascribed to the richness in nitrogen and cobalt in the form of the solid Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP), i.e. the Co ion acts as a Lewis acid site to activate the carbonyl oxygen of benzaldehyde molecules, and nitrogen in carbon acts as a Lewis base site to activate the methylene hydrogen of malononitrile. From the perspective of intrinsic catalytic activity, variations in catalytic properties are attributed to the electron density distribution on the surface of the catalyst. Nitrogen-doped carbon confined cobalt nanoparticles as the acid-base bifunctional catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehyde and malononitrile, which may be primarily ascribed to the highest contents of nitrogen and Cobalt in the form of the solid Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) from Coδ+ of Co nanoparticles and Nδ− of nitrogen-contained species. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This 3-day hindcast case study focuses on the effects of the initial errors, a non-negligible factor in oceanic prediction, on VTS prediction in the NSCS and provides scientific guidance on observation design through targeted observation. Based on the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation (CNOP) approach and the Regional Ocean Modeling System, the impact of optimal initial errors (OIEs) on the 3-day VTS prediction is estimated and their nonlinear evolution mechanism is clarified. The OIEs, horizontally distributed along the 1000 m isobath and vertically confined within the upper 50 m, experience non-localized evolution and cause a rapid increase in the root mean square errors by about 100 times during the prediction period. Eddy energetics analysis indicates that barotropic instabilities constitute a key factor in the evolution of the OIEs. In addition, sensitive areas are identified for targeted observation based on the vertically integrated total energy of the OIEs. Sensitive experiments demonstrate that the prediction errors caused by random initial errors in the sensitive areas are larger than those in other nearby areas. Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) further suggest that eliminating the initial errors in sensitive areas can improve VTS prediction by over 50%. This study reveals the patterns and growth dynamic mechanism of CNOP-type OIEs in 3-day VTS prediction in the NSCS and provides scientific guidance for operational observation design. • The CNOP is applied to investigate the optimal initial errors in predicting the 3-day VTS in the NSCS. • The CNOP-type optimal initial errors are concentrated roughly along the 1000 m isobath and upper 50 m. • They grow mostly by extracting energy from the background flow through barotropic instability. • They can be used to identify the sensitive areas in targeted observation to improve the VTS prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A BiOI/BiFeWO 6 p-n heterojunction rich in oxygen vacancies (OVs) was synthesized. • BOI/BFW-20 has excellent photocatalytic degradation ability for various pollutants. • The synergistic effect of heterojunction and OVs enhances the photocatalytic ability. • BOI/BFW-20 has excellent stability. The construction of p-n heterojunctions has become an effective way to develop high performance photocatalysts to remove pollutants from water. Herein, the BiOI/BiFeWO 6 composites abundant in oxygen vacancies (OVs) was rationally designed by combining calcination and solvothermal methods to remove different kinds of pollutants, including rhodamine B (RhB), tetracycline (TC), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The surface properties, structural characterizations and photocatalytic activity of BiOI/BiFeWO 6 were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the morphology of BiOI/BiFeWO 6 was BiFeWO 6 nanoparticles loaded on BiOI sheet structure. The formation of BiOI/BiFeWO 6 heterojunction was demonstrated by the shift of the peaks of Bi and I elements in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the existence of OVs was confirmed by the O 1 s spectrum and electron spin resonance (ESR). By comparison with neat BiOI and BiFeWO 6 , the BiOI/BiFeWO 6 composite showed excellent photocatalytic properties under visible light. The strategy that the p-n heterojunction and OVs work together opens up new avenues to fabricate future high-efficiency photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Extract-pyrolysis cascading utilization approach was applied in CH and PS. • The extraction yield of CH was higher than PS, BmimCl obtained highest extraction yield. • ILs exhibited strong extraction abilities for oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds. • Products composition and distribution can be improved via extraction-pyrolysis process. • Differentiated extract-pyrolysis characteristics were exhibited for PS and CH. As the main utilization method of biomass, direct pyrolysis destroyed high value-added constituents. Extract-pyrolysis cascading utilization technical was applied in two typical biomasses: chlorella (CH) and pine sawdust (PS). Four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were chosen as the extractants, and obtained higher extraction yield for CH than PS. Among them, BmimCl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) obtained highest extraction yield for CH and PS of 72.73% and 20.58%. Selected ILs exhibited strong extraction abilities of oxygen-containing compounds for both CH and PS and nitrogen-containing compounds for CH. Compared with direct pyrolysis, gas and char yields of CH and PS had obvious decrease and the liquid phase products yields increased with more diverse composition especially phenolic compounds. The liquid phase products yield of PS and CH increased by 27.15%, 37.80% and 61.20%, 70.82% using BmimHSO 4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate) and BmimCl. The extract-pyrolysis characteristics of CH and PS were obtained through the comparison of gas–liquid-solid products composition and distribution, and they depend on the structure of biomass and the physical–chemical properties of ILs. Extract-pyrolysis utilization approach has potential to realize clean and high-value utilization of biomass, and more valuable liquid products can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reported an efficient one-pot hydrothermal method for adding promoter to nickel phyllosilicate. The nickel‑samarium bimetallic phyllosilicate (NiSm-Ps) was formed during the one-pot synthesis. The characterization results showed that the Sm species over the uncalcined NiSm-Ps catalyst existed in the form of Sm 2 Si 2 O 7 , and it was converted to be Sm 2 O 3 after calcination with high dispersion, and in the form of Sm 2 O x after reduction. On the contrary, for the post-impregnated Sm-doped nickel phyllosilicate catalyst (Ni-Ps/Sm-Im), the Sm species variation was from Sm 2 O 3 to Sm 2 O x , which was significantly different from that of NiSm-Ps. As a result, the NiSm-Ps catalyst showed a high Ni dispersion (13.9%), small particle size (4.0 nm) and large concentration of surface oxygen vacancies as well as strong H 2 and CO 2 activation properties. Consequently, the NiSm-Ps catalyst achieved a high CO 2 conversion of 80.1% at 400 °C and large TOF CO2 of 4.08 × 10−3 at 220 °C. Additionally, NiSm-Ps exhibited excellent long-term stability and anti-sintering property. In short, the formation of Sm 2 Si 2 O 7 was very crucial for the Ni-Sm/SiO 2 catalyst and could further improve the promotion effect of Sm species for CO 2 methanation. [Display omitted] • The Ni Sm bimetallic phyllosilicate catalyst was synthesized by a one-pot strategy. • Sm 2 Si 2 O 7 was the important intermediate product of the one-pot synthesized catalyst. • Sm 2 O 3 rather than Sm 2 Si 2 O 7 was observed on the post-impregnated catalyst. • The occurrence of Sm 2 Si 2 O 7 led to the more significant promotion effect for CO 2 methanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semicoke derived from lignite and biomass has been utilized in soil remediation and activated sludge treatment. Nitrogen-doping treatment has been utilized to improve adsorption capacity of semicoke for phenols (such as humic acids). Known as nitrogen-rich biomass residue, spent coffee grounds (SCG) may serve as nitrogen resources when co-pyrolyzed with lignite. But impacts of SCG on structure and adsorption capacity of semicoke in co-pyrolysis have not been confirmed. In consideration of proteins in SCG, nitrogen fixation and the impacting mechanism have not been sufficiently confirmed. In this work, nitrogen fixation between lignite and SCG during co-pyrolysis were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and pyrolysis experiments. Corresponding mechanism were speculated and confirmed by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformation spectra (DRIFT) and mass spectrum (MS). Impacts of nitrogen fixation on adsorption of phenols on semicoke were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), adsorption kinetics analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compared to theoretical values, higher contents of N have been obtained in co-pyrolyzed semicoke (N: 2.89%; pyridinic N: 44.86%), which implied N fixation and cyclization reactions. Fixation mechanism can be explained by formation of Amadori/Heyns intermediates in Maillard reactions. Release of volatiles and capture of NH 3 are crucial in 340–440 °C range, which result in nitrogen fixation. Then formation of pyrrolic and pyridinic N can be explained by cyclization reactions and decomposition of Amadori/Heyns intermediates in 550 °C pyrolysis. Enrichment of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and C O might enhance adsorption of phenols by offering binding sites for formation of hydrogen bonds. Both C, N fixation and improved adsorption capacity (27.80 mg/g) have been realized for 7:3–550 semicoke. Consequently, doping treatment with typical nitrogen-rich biomass (SCG) may be feasible to enhance adsorption of phenols onto semicoke, based on selection of raw materials and pyrolysis conditions. • N-rich biomass residue and lignite were co-pyrolyzed for nitrogen fixation. • Role of Maillard reactions in nitrogen fixation was emphasized. • Co-pyrolysis conditions can be selected based on structure-activity relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on microbiota engraftment in patients with metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This systematic review employed a meta-analysis of RCTs for assessment on the role of FMT in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome, and its impact on clinically relevant parameters. Major databases and grey literatures were searched identifying RCTs comparing FMT of lean donors with placebo in obese/metabolic syndrome patients. Studies using any form of placebo were included. Variations in the parameters before and after treatment were calculated followed by meta-analyses. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 334 patients were included for further analysis. Clinically significant parameters associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome were explored and FMT was identified significantly and negatively associated with most indices of abdominal adiposity including caloric intake, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and CRP, Obesity parameters including fasting glucose and acetic acid were increased following FMT. FMT is more advantageous for obese patients with elevated blood pressure, disordered glucose and insulin metabolism, and elevated blood lipids. The study of metabolic factors in obese patients will be our starting point in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A structure with ion migration channels and continuous conductive network is crucial for the rate performance of activated carbon. In this work, a phenolic resin and ammonium alginate composite derived carbon is prepared by sol-gel method, carbonization and KOH activation. Compared with pure phenolic resin derived carbon, adding ammonium alginate in carbon preparation process can form interconnected coral-like carbon structure with higher specific surface area and meso-macro pores volume. These advantages of carbon make it provide sufficient access for ions diffusion and continuous skeleton for electron transport. In addition, the morphology of carbon materials can be adjusted by ammonium alginate. A two-electrode system coupled with 6 M KOH as electrolyte is assembled to test the electrochemical properties of these carbon materials. High specific capacitances of 282.8 F g−1 and 232.1 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 100 A g−1 are obtained, respectively, with a high capacitance retention of 82%. Moreover, high energy density of 9.82 Wh kg−1 at 115 W kg−1 and conspicuous cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 95% after 20,000 cycles are showed for the symmetrical supercapacitor. This work provides reference for preparation of the 3D interconnected hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor. [Display omitted] • Coral-like 3D interconnected morphology carbons were prepared. • Ammonium alginate as additive can improve the morphology of carbon. • The Coral-like 3D carbons showed high specific capacitance and cycling stability. • The improved electron/ion transport enhanced the rate performance of supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the problems of easy collapse, Ni sintering and low catalytic activity over the nanotubular nickel phyllosilicate catalyst, the Mg species was doped via a simple hydrothermal method to construct the nanotubular Ni-Mg bimetallic phyllosilicate solid solution. The high thermal stability, nonreducible property and strong basicity of magnesium species led to the enhancement of anti-collapse, Ni-sintering resistance and basicity. As a result, the fine Ni particles and enhanced H 2 and CO 2 chemisorption and activation properties resulted in boosting the catalytic activity of both CO 2 methanation and CH 4 -CO 2 reforming reactions. The Ni/Mg ratios and the reduction temperatures were detailed optimized, and the 600oC-reduced Ni 8 Mg 2 -NT catalyst with the Ni/Mg ratio of 8:2 was the optimal, which also exhibited high long-term stability. In short, the formed Ni-Mg-phyllosilicate solid solution structure and the special interactions of different species brought about high catalytic performance of the nanotubular Ni-Mg phyllosilicate catalyst. [Display omitted] • The nanotubular Ni-Mg bimetallic phyllosilicate solid solution was synthesized. • Nanotubular Ni-Mg phyllosilicate obtained high anti-collapse and Ni-sintering resistance properties. • The Ni/Mg ratio of 8:2 and the reduction temperature of 600 oC were the optimum. • This catalyst was versatile for both CO 2 methanation and CH 4 -CO 2 reforming reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of circulating ash heat carriers and dolomite catalysts on sulfur migration in the coal pyrolysis/circulating fluidized bed combustion staged conversion process, five experiments of coal pyrolysis, ash/coal co-pyrolysis, coal pyrolysis catalyzed by dolomite, ash/coal co-pyrolysis catalyzed by dolomite and combustion of pyrolysis solid products were designed and carried out. By examining the effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, coal-ash ratio and dolomite species on sulfur migration, the final distribution of sulfur-containing pollutants throughout the staged conversion process was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the separate mixing of ash heat carrier at final pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C increased the residual sulfur in solid phase from 79.29 % of raw coal pyrolysis to 90.00 %. When dolomite catalyst was added individually, the sulfur released into gas phase and tar was reduced from 18.28 % and 2.43 % of the raw coal to 13.14 % and 1.94 %, respectively. And Fe additive significantly improved sulfur resistance of the dolomite catalyst. The regeneration process has little effect on the sulfur fixation capacity of natural dolomite. When ash heat carrier and dolomite catalyst were simultaneously added to the system, the sulfur fixed in ash increased from 79.29 % of the raw coal to 91.27 %, and the sulfur fixed in natural dolomite and modified dolomite accounted for 4.32 % and 4.46 % of the total sulfur, respectively. In the combustion experiments of pyrolysis solid phase products, 43.57 %, 65.57 % and 61.44 % of sulfur was retained in the solid phase residue after combustion with circulating ash, circulating ash/natural dolomite and circulating ash/modified dolomite were added, respectively. Compared with direct combustion of coal, the staged conversion process resulted in a 55 % reduction of sulfur in the boiler flue gas. This study provides a theoretical basis for the purification of sulfur-containing pollutants in the staged conversion process. [Display omitted] • The staged conversion process reduces 55 % sulfur in combustion boiler flue gas. • CFB ash and dolomite promote the residual sulfur in solid phase. • Fe additives improve the sulfur resistance ability of dolomite. • Regeneration process has little effect on sulfur fixation capacity of dolomite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• True triaxial unloading tests were performed on sandstone with various moisture contents. • Slabbing is more prone to occur in higher moisture conditions for a constant σ 2 level. • Moisture contents and σ 2 may affect the failure intensity and fragmentation degree of sandstone. • The cracking mode was evaluated via AE features and microscopic morphological characteristics. • The cracking mechanism of immersed sandstone was revealed under true triaxial unloading condition. The presence of water has been confirmed to play an important role in affecting the failure properties of underground surrounding rock when subjected to complicated stress circumstances. In the current study, the crack propagation behavior of red sandstone affected by various moisture contents and intermediate principal stresses were investigated by using the QKX-YB200 true triaxial test system with unloading minimum principal stress. The experimental results demonstrate that the failure mode can be divided into shear, tension with shear, and slabbing. A clear observation of the fractured specimen shows that the extensional cracks tend to increase while shear cracks gradually diminish with the increase of moisture content and intermediate principal stress. For natural sandstone (with lower moisture content), the transition of failure mode from shear to slabbing requires higher intermediate principal stress. However, with the increase of moisture content, the occurrence of slabbing failure requires lower intermediate principal stress. The analysis of failure process indicates that the presence of water may restrain the possibility of rockburst, and the intermediate principal stress exhibits distinct functions in the failure behavior of natural and saturated sandstone. The surface microscopic morphological characteristics and acoustic emission signal feature were also analyzed to validate the transformation of the cracking mode. The current research indicated that the water-induced micro defect and damage effect, "water wedge" effect, intermediate principal stress effect are the key factors that contribute to the final slabbing failure in immersed hard rocks under true‑triaxial unloading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coupling anodic and cathodic reactions enables regulable reaction mechanisms. • Appropriate coupling strategy actuates ultra-efficient electrocatalytic degradation. • Systematic tests unravel complex interaction between anode and cathode reactions. • Flexible tuning of direct and indirect oxidation meets versatile degradation need. The versatile reaction possibilities arising from the interaction between the anodic and cathodic reactions naturally contained in electrocatalytic membrane filtration (EMF) systems are of great valuable in meeting the current complex water treatment requirements. But currently, most studies only focus on half-cell reactions with a single electrocatalytic membrane, which limits the research progress of the EMF technology. Here we report a coupling strategy that utilizes the interaction between the anodic and cathodic reactions to actuate ultra-efficient degradation performance with regulable reaction mechanisms. An electrocatalytic dual-membrane filtration (EDMF) system was established. Six typical configurations of the EDMF system were set up and systematically investigated by adjusting the electrode distance and filtration sequence. Based on the obtained results of degradation performance and mechanisms, a regulation strategy which enabled flexible tuning of direct nonradical oxidation (e.g., h +) and indirect oxidation (e.g., 1O 2 , ·OH, HO 2 ·, O 2 ·−, etc.) was proposed. In particular, cathodic reactions were found to adversely affect the anodic reactions at the relatively short electrode distance of 0.9 mm. Anodic reactions could inhibit the generation of 1O 2 at short distance of 0.9 mm but promote its generation at long distances of 9 and 17 mm. The A–C_0.9 configuration achieved the highest degradation performance, while the C–A_9 configuration was revealed to be much more conducive to 1O 2 production. Overall, our findings demonstrate the versatility and tunability of the reaction mechanism and performance of the EDMF system due to the flexible coupling of the anodic and cathodic reactions, which potentially lays a foundation for future development of ultra-efficient mechanism-adjustable electrocatalysis technologies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) removal and recovery not only alleviate P shortage but also reduce the risk of water eutrophication. This study devised a tailored dual-chamber electrochemical reactor separated by a cation exchange membrane (CEM) to recover P from wastewater. The anode-released Fe2+ reacted with PO 4 -P in the anode chamber to form vivianite. The CEM hindered the migration of the produced OH− from the cathode, preventing OH− from reacting with Fe2+ to generate undesired side products. The P removal efficiency of the dual-chamber reactor was 2.2 times that of the single-chamber reactor (without CEM). The purity of generated vivianite from the dual-chamber reactor reached 98.3 % as determined by the EDS analysis. Different operating parameters including initial P concentration, anolyte pH, and applied current density were examined to evaluate their effect on P removal and vivianite formation. Results showed that a high P concentration (400 mg/L), a moderate pH (6.5), and an adequate applied current density (5.66 mA/cm2) were conducive to vivianite production. The P removal rate and efficiency were 0.033 mg/(cm2·min) and 92.8 %, respectively. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses confirmed the formation of vivianite. The operating cost for electrochemical crystallization of vivianite was estimated to be 1.94 USD/kg P, lower than the traditional fluidized bed crystallization technology. [Display omitted] • P removal efficiency in the dual-chamber reactor was 2.2 times that in the single-chamber one. • Cation exchange membrane restricted OH− migration, reducing side product formation. • Increasing current density enhanced the crystallinity of vivianite. • The total operating cost of the proposed system amounted to 1.94 USD/kg P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo x high-entropy alloy coatings are prepared by laser cladding. • Mo element promotes the formation of Laves phase and eutectic microstructure. • The appropriate addition of Mo improves corrosion resistance of the coatings. • The passive region of FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo x high-entropy alloy coatings are wider than that of most high-entropy alloys. In order to improve the properties of the surface corrosion resistance of the load bearing parts of marine equipment in the high salt and high humid environment, novel FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo x (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared on the 42CrMo steel by laser cladding. The testing results show that the FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo x coatings consist of FCC phase and Laves phase, and the increase of Mo content promotes the formation of the Laves phase. FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo 0.50 , FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo 0.75 and FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo 1.00 coatings have complete eutectic structure. The appropriate addition of Mo improves corrosion resistance by promoting the formation of Laves phase. Mo 0.75 coating possesses the best corrosion resistance property. Compared with the substrate of the 42CrMo steel, the FeCoNiCrNb 0.5 Mo x coatings possess much better corrosion resistance, which means that they are promising materials for surface protection of marine engineering equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]