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Background: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a prevalent form of primary liver cancer. Research has demonstrated the contribution of tumor stem cells in facilitating tumor recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Despite this, there remains a lack of established cancer stem cells (CSCs)-associated genes signatures for effectively predicting the prognosis and guiding the treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with LIHC. Methods: The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA transcriptome data were obtained based on public datasets and computerized firstly using CytoTRACE package and One Class Linear Regression (OCLR) algorithm to evaluate stemness level, respectively. Then, we explored the association of stemness indicators (CytoTRACE score and stemness index, mRNAsi) with survival outcomes and clinical characteristics by combining clinical information and survival analyses. Subsequently, weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cox were applied to assess mRNAsi-related genes in bulk LIHC data and construct a prognostic model for LIHC patients. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) analysis were employed for immune infiltration assessment. Finally, the potential immunotherapeutic response was predicted by the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), and the tumor mutation burden (TMB). Additionally, pRRophetic package was applied to evaluate the sensitivity of high and low-risk groups to common chemotherapeutic drugs. Results: A total of four genes (including STIP1, H2AFZ, BRIX1, and TUBB) associated with stemness score (CytoTRACE score and mRNAsi) were identified and constructed a risk model that could predict prognosis in LIHC patients. It was observed that high stemness cells occurred predominantly in the late stages of LIHC and that poor overall survival in LIHC patients was also associated with high mRNAsi scores. In addition, pathway analysis confirmed the biological uniqueness of the two risk groups. Personalized treatment predictions suggest that patients with a low risk benefited more from immunotherapy, while those with a high risk group may be conducive to chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusion: The current study developed a novel prognostic risk signature with genes related to CSCs, which provides novel ideas for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of LIHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfilimines, the aza‐variants of sulfoxides, are key structural motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals; and sulfilimine synthesis is therefore important in organic chemistry. However, methods for radical sulfilimination remain elusive, and as a result, the structural diversity of currently available sulfilimines is limited. Herein, we report the first protocol for decarboxylative radical sulfilimination reactions between sulfenamides and N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids, which were achieved via a combination of photoredox, copper, and Brønsted base catalysis. This novel protocol provided a wide variety of sulfilimines, in addition to serving as an efficient route for the synthesis of S‐alkyl/S‐aryl homocysteine sulfilimines and S‐(4‐methylphenyl) homocysteine sulfoximine. Moreover, it could be used for late‐stage introduction of a sulfilimine group into structurally complex molecules, thereby avoiding the need to preserve labile organosulfur moieties through multistep synthetic sequences. A mechanism involving photocatalytic substrate transformation and copper‐mediated C(sp3)−S bond formation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfilimines, the aza‐variants of sulfoxides, are key structural motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals; and sulfilimine synthesis is therefore important in organic chemistry. However, methods for radical sulfilimination remain elusive, and as a result, the structural diversity of currently available sulfilimines is limited. Herein, we report the first protocol for decarboxylative radical sulfilimination reactions between sulfenamides and N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids, which were achieved via a combination of photoredox, copper, and Brønsted base catalysis. This novel protocol provided a wide variety of sulfilimines, in addition to serving as an efficient route for the synthesis of S‐alkyl/S‐aryl homocysteine sulfilimines and S‐(4‐methylphenyl) homocysteine sulfoximine. Moreover, it could be used for late‐stage introduction of a sulfilimine group into structurally complex molecules, thereby avoiding the need to preserve labile organosulfur moieties through multistep synthetic sequences. A mechanism involving photocatalytic substrate transformation and copper‐mediated C(sp3)−S bond formation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fusion environment, a complex stress field is generated in materials, which affects the evolution of radiation defects. In this study, the behaviors of radiation-induced defects under the effect of stress gradient field in tungsten are carefully simulated at the atomic scale with the molecular dynamics (MD) method. It was found that the stress gradient field affects the migration properties of interstitial defects, resulting in the energy barriers changing with the stress and stress gradient. In the axial stress gradient field, the movement of the 1/2 <111> interstitial dislocation loop is significantly accelerated, and it tends to move toward the region where the stress is concentrated. Within the time scale of the classical MD simulation, the stress gradient has little effect on the migration of vacancies. These results suggested that the stress gradient would cause interstitial defects to accumulate to the region where the stress is concentrated, thereby significantly changing the properties of the tungsten materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two colorimetric and fluorescent probes based on ferrocene derivatives have been designed and synthesized. Among studied anions (F−, AcO−, H2PO4−, Cl−, Br− and I−), probe 1 with p‐nitrophenyl hydrazine structure has the strongest binding ability for F−, as well as probe 2 for H2PO4−. It had strong binding ability and was not affected by other anions. The determination limit of 1 toward F− was 5.0×10−6 mol⋅L−1 which can be used for the trace detection of F−. The interacted process of host–guest accompanied by colorimetric changes and increment in fluorescent intensity of the probes. A 1H‐NMR titration experiment and theoretical investigation indicated that −NH in hydrazine participated in the interaction, and the hydrogen‐bonding formed between the probes and anions. These results provided an essential clue to the developing the colorimetric probe based on hydrazine participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall survival (OS) (A) and OS censored at the time of transplantation (B) of 24 relapsed pediatric B-ALL patients with mean VAF >=20% versus patients with mean VAF < 20% at relapse. Moreover, in 18 patients with remission-relapse pairs, VAF was significantly increased in relapsed patients, indicating delta VAF can be used to evaluate patients for recurrence ( I p i < 0.001) (Figure 2B). (C) Comparison of VAFs at three different relapse stages in 24 relapsed patients, including very early, early and late relapse stage. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes a dynamic model for the spot foreign exchange rate which is governed by a standard Brownian motion and a stationary compound Poisson process in the domestic-real world. Using the tool of the Esscher transform, we explore two suitable parameters for the amplitude and the intensity of the jump process and redefine the dynamic process of the spot foreign exchange rate under the domestic risk-neutral measure. Based on the above work, we obtain two types of the quanto option pricing formulas. At last, we utilize the real market data of the stock "Aluminum Corporation of China Limited" and the foreign exchange rate of USD/CNY to obtain the value of the quanto option taken the constant K1 as the strike price in the domestic currency. Furthermore, we investigate the implied volatility of the quanto option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almansi-type decomposition theorem for bi-k-regular functions defined in a star-like domain Ω ⊆ ℝn+1 × ℝn+1 centered at the origin with values in the Clifford algebra Cl2n+2,0(ℝ) is proved. As a corollary, Almansi-type decomposition theorem for biharmonic functions of degree k is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the challenges posed by drug resistance and side effects, chemotherapy remains a pivotal strategy in cancer treatment. A key issue in this context is macroautophagy (commonly known as autophagy), a dysregulated cell death mechanism often observed during chemotherapy. Autophagy plays a cytoprotective role by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling organelles, and emerging evidence points to its significant role in promoting cancer progression. Cisplatin, a DNA-intercalating agent known for inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest, often encounters resistance in chemotherapy treatments. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can contribute to cisplatin resistance or insensitivity in tumor cells through various mechanisms. This resistance can be mediated by protective autophagy, which suppresses apoptosis. Additionally, autophagy-related changes in tumor cell metastasis, particularly the induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), can also lead to cisplatin resistance. Nevertheless, pharmacological strategies targeting the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis offer promising avenues to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cancer therapy. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been identified as regulators of autophagy in the context of cisplatin chemotherapy. Thus, therapeutic targeting of autophagy or its associated pathways holds potential for restoring cisplatin sensitivity, highlighting an important direction for future clinical research. [Display omitted] • This review highlights the dysregulation of autophagy during cisplatin chemotherapy. • Focusing on the role of autophagy in the regulation of oxidative damage and cell death in drug resistance. • The association of autophagy with apoptosis in cisplatin chemotherapy. • The regulation of autophagy by genomic and epigenetic factors in drug resistance. • The role of pharmacological compounds in control of autophagy-mediated cisplatin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal copper ions (Cu2+) and biothiols have potential impacts on environmental pollution and human health, so the detection of these substances with high selectivity and sensitivity has become an important research topic. In this study, we designed and synthesized two fluorescent probes (L 1 and L 2) based on naphthalene and anthracene derivatives that could specifically detect Cu2+ and biothiols. Owing to the paramagnetic effect of Cu2+, the strong fluorescent intensity was quenched after the addition of Cu2+. When biothiols were added to the solution (L-Cu2+), the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced and recovered. So, the interaction process was accompanied with "ON-OFF-ON" phenomenon in fluorescent intensity. Two complexes (L-Cu2+) showed low limit of detection for biothiols (Cys was 3.4 ×10−5 M and GSH was 2.0 ×10−5 M) and weak cytotoxicity (< 150 μg/mL). Theoretical investigation analysis revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond existed in the structure of probes and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay. In addition, two probes also showed good applicability in actual drug Atomolan. The GSH content in the tested Atomolan reached over 99.9% of the labeling which was accord with the percentage of pharmacopoeia. Therefore, two probes have the real application value in the detection of Cu2+, biothiols and drug efficacy in various environments. • Fluorescent probes based on naphthalene and anthracene derivatives. • High selectivity and sensitivity for Cu2 + and biothiols. • Low limit of detection for biothiols and weak cytotoxicity. • Good applicability in actual drug Atomolan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of symmetrical thiosulfonates are synthesized via Cu‐catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aryl sulfonyl chlorides. This protocol uses organic amine acting as a mild reductant and low‐cost copper as an effective catalyst. Such a reductive coupling process features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Related thiosulfonate products can also be converted into diverse functional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionosphere research team of Xi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) has been committing to high-precision global ionospheric modeling research since 2012. The agency adopted spherical harmonic functions to generate GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) global ionospheric product XANG and multi-source data fusion global ionospheric product XAMG. In this essay, we take International GNSS Service (IGS) global ionospheric maps (GIMs) products as a reference to verify and analyze the accuracy of GIMs products produced by XUST in detail from three different aspects. The internal and external evaluation results of GNSS dSTEC indicate that the GIMs products of XUST are consistent with the GIMs products of other analysis centers. In contrast to the Jason-2/-3 VTEC, the STD between XANG and Jason-2 during 2016–2018 is about 2.42–3.11 TECU. The STD between XANG and Jason-3 is about 2.40–3.11 TECU, which is equivalent to that of China Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), better than that of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), European Space Operations Center of European Space Agency (ESA) and Wuhan University (WHU), and slightly worse than that of Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/IonSAT (UPC). Besides, we figure out that the accuracy of GIM products in approximately 60% of the ocean areas has been significantly improved after adding space-based data by comparing the two developed global ionospheric products. Finally, we evaluated the product performance of XUST in single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) with convergence time and positioning accuracy of standard single-frequency PPP as reference. In terms of average convergence time, the ionospheric delay processing capabilities of XANG and XAMG are comparable to other GIMs and even better than ESAG and JPLG in some regions. In terms of positioning accuracy, the positioning accuracy of XANG as an external ionospheric constraint is better than that of XAMG, and both are better than ESAG, JPLG and IGSG, and slightly worse than CASG and CODG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrolyte additive, 3, 3, 3‐trifluoropropylmethyldimethoxysilane (TFPMDS), is first proposed to modify both the cathode and the anode of lithium‐ion batteries at the same time. Charging/discharging tests demonstrate that the electrolyte with 1 wt% TFPMDS not only greatly improves the capacity retention of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)//Li cell (29.6%→90.8%) and graphite//Li cell (68.1%→98.3%), but also successfully ensures the long‐term cycle stability of LNMO//graphite pouch cell at 4.9 V. Further electrochemical measurements combining with spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that TFPMDS additive displays three principal functions: 1) Be preferentially oxidized to build a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) enriched in F/Si species with F‐rich nature of strong oxidation‐resistance. 2) Be able to scavenge the hazardous HF, F−, and H+ through its strong binding with these species and thus to protect LNMO at high‐voltage. 3) Be preferentially adsorbed on the graphite surface to form a "framework", and to co‐construct an elastic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) after the reduction of ethylene carbonate. Importantly, the Si─O group within TFPMDS is especially important for constructing a "molecular bridge" at the CEI/SEI interphase coupling the inorganic and organic species to improve its compatibility, stability, and elasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better monitor the content of Fe3+ and H2S in the biological environment, two new fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized. With the addition of Fe3+, the strong fluorescence emission of two probes was significantly quenched due to the paramagnetic effect of Fe3+. With the further addition of S2−, the fluorescence intensity was quickly restored. Two probes showed high selectivity and strong sensitivity for the detection of Fe3+ and S2−, and the fluorescence intensity "ON-OFF-ON" was accompanied with the interaction process. At the same time, two probes displayed good anti-interference ability which was not interfered by the existence of other ions. In addition, two probes illustrated fast response time to Fe3+, S2− and small cytotoxicity to cells. Therefore, two probes can provide a potential ideal tool for detecting Fe3+ and H2S in organisms and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) is the most abundant protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane and plays a crucial role in the control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progress. Our previous research found that cytosolic molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interacted with VDAC1, but the effect of the C-terminal and N-terminal domains of Hsp90 on the formation of VDAC1 oligomers is unclear. In this study, we focused on the effect of the C-terminal domain of Hsp90 on VDAC1 oligomerization, ubiquitination, and VDAC1 channel activity. We found that Hsp90 C-terminal domain inhibitor Novobiocin promoted VDAC1 oligomerization, release of cytochrome c, and activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Atomic coarse particle modeling simulation revealed C-terminal domain of Hsp90α stabilized VDAC1 monomers. The purified VDAC1 was reconstituted into a planar lipid bilayer, and electrophysiology experiments of patch clamp showed that the Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitor Novobiocin increased VDAC1 channel conductance via promoting VDAC1 oligomerization. The mitochondrial ubiquitination proteomics results showed that VDAC1 K274 mono-ubiquitination was significantly decreased upon Novobiocin treatment. Site-directed mutation of VDAC1 (K274R) weakened Hsp90α-VDAC1 interaction and increased VDAC1 oligomerization. Taken together, our results reveal that Hsp90 C-terminal domain inhibition promotes VDAC1 oligomerization and VDAC1 channel conductance by decreasing VDAC1 K274 mono- ubiquitination, which provides a new perspective for mitochondria-targeted therapy of HCC. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have carried out a series of displacement cascade simulations in tungsten (W), including seven different primary-knock-on atom (PKA) directions, and PKA energy covers 1 to 300 keV at 363 K; 10, 50, 100, and 200 keV cascades are considered at 600 K, and 10 and 50 keV cascades are simulated at 300 K. Then, a systematic database of W cascade simulations has been established, containing more than 2000 cascades. The number of Frenkel pairs, the type of defect, and its spatial distribution were all determined. The effects of PKA direction, PKA energy and temperature have been discussed in terms of defect generation, defect clustering, and dislocation loops. It is found that, the PKA direction may have an effect on the configuration of defects, such as the formation probability of 〈100〉 interstitial loops, C15 clusters and the sub-cascades, and also has an effect on the number of Frankel pairs when PKA energy larger than 50 keV. Furthermore, from 363 K to 600 K, the number of Frankel pairs is reduced by ∼10%, and high temperature can promote the clustering of interstitial. We further found that temperature may affect the distribution of dislocation loops, and the number of 〈100〉 interstitial dislocation loops is more at 363 K than at 600 K. These results can provide a database of key input parameters for the subsequent larger-scale simulations, and give an important reference for the prediction of defect behaviour, mechanical and thermal properties of W-based materials under fusion neutron irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphologies and sizes of TiN inclusions in gear steel 20CrMnTi have a significant impact on its service performance. This paper selects rare earth Ce to modify TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi. The inclusions are analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscope), EBSD (electron back-scattered diffraction), EDS (energy disperse spectroscopy), and OTS statistical software, and Thermo-Calc software is used to calculate the inclusion formations. The inclusions of MgAlO4-Ce and CeAlO3 can be formed when rare earth Ce is added into 20CrMnTi, which becomes TiN nucleation core after precipitation. Without the addition of rare earth Ce, square TiN inclusions ranging from 2 to 5 μm account for 60% of the total inclusions in 20CrMnTi. After adding rare earth Ce, the TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTiCe account for 36.7% of the total inclusions. Due to the new phase formations of MgAlO4-TiN and CeAlO3-TiN with sizes less than 2 μm, the titanium-containing inclusions are refined. Fatigue tests are conducted on the steels before and after the addition of Ce. The average fatigue lives of 20CrMnTi do not reach 107 times, and the deviations between the maximum and minimum fatigue lives are great. Large-sized TiN are the main inclusions that affect the fatigue performance of 20CrMnTi. The average fatigue lives of 20CrMnTiCe exceed 107 times, and the deviations of the fatigue lives are smaller than those of 20CrMnTi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The displacement cascade simulations in pure W and W-Re alloy containing GB and/or σ-phase have been systematically investigated. • Interstitials in W-Re alloy are preferentially absorbed by GB region. • Interstitials are preferentially absorbed by σ-phase, and Re atoms tend to aggregate near the σ-phase region. • The absorption of σ phases and the GB region leads to an increase in the aggregation of interstitials near the σ phase/GB region and a reduction of vacancies in the bulk region Transmutation rhenium (Re) produced in tungsten (W) neutron irradiation not only segregates and precipitates at grain boundaries (GBs) but also forms the σ-phase (WRe) in the bulk. In this study, using a molecular dynamics (MD) method, we conducted collision cascade simulations in W and W–Re alloys with 5 or 10 at% Re atoms containing a GB/σ-phase and systematically examined the effect of GB and the evolution of σ-phase. We find the interstitials in W-Re alloy are preferentially absorbed by the GB region such that the number of vacancies in the bulk region is higher in W–Re alloys than in W; the defect distribution is sensitive to the distance of primary knock-on atoms from the GB plane. Furthermore, similar to the tendency in the GB region, interstitials are preferentially absorbed by the σ-phase, and Re atoms tend to aggregate near the σ-phase region. The absorption of σ-phases and the GB region leads to a considerable defect aggregation, which provides suitable conditions for the regrowth of σ-phase structure during long-term evolution. The results provide a reference for understanding the GB structure and precipitations in the displacement cascades of W and W-based alloy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of positive solution for tensor equations. Under suitable assumptions, we show that the concerned tensor equations have a unique positive solution. In particular, we show that our main result includes the existing result in literature as its special case. Finally, we illustrate one example to verify the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic heterogeneity poses a great challenge to the understanding and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Knowledge of the IKZF1 mutation in AML specifically is extremely limited. In a previous work, we described the distribution pattern of IKZF1 mutation in AML, but its clinical impact has remained undefined due to the limited number of cases. Herein, we attempt to answer this question in one relatively large cohort covering 522 newly diagnosed AML patients. A total of 26 IKZF1 mutations were found in 20 AML patients (20/522, 3.83%). This condition has a young median age of onset of morbidity (P = 0.032). The baseline characteristics of IKZF1-mutated and wild-type patients were comparable. IKZF1 mutation showed significant co-occurrences with CEBPA (P < 0.001), SF3B1 (P < 0.001), and CSF3R (P = 0.005) mutations, and it was mutually exclusive with NPM1 mutation (P = 0.033). Although IKZF1-mutated AML was more preferably classified into the intermediate-risk group (P = 0.004), it showed one inferior complete remission rate (P = 0.032). AML with high burden of IKZF1 mutation (variant allele frequency > 0.20) showed relatively short overall survival period (P = 0.012), and it was an independent factor for the increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 6.101; 95% CI 2.278–16.335; P = 0.0003). In subgroup analysis, our results showed that IKZF1 mutation conferred poor therapeutic response and prognosis for SF3B1-mutated AML (P = 0.0017). We believe this work improves our knowledge of IKZF1 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we price the vulnerable option under the assumption that both underlying and counterparty asset price follow correlated jump diffusion processes. By the two-dimensional Itô-Doeblin formula, we initially derive a partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) satisfied by the price of the vulnerable option with flexible jumps. Then, the double Mellin transform converts the PIDE into an ordinary differential equation (ODE), which possesses an explicit solution. Further, the inverse Mellin transform of the explicit solution to the ODE turns out to be a rigorous solution to the PIDE for vulnerable option. Finally, by carrying out some numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the PIDE's solution produces price with a convincing degree of precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cheap copper-catalyzed ligand-free, regioselective alkene allylic sulfonylation reaction has been efficiently developed employing commercially available α-methylstyrene derivatives and sulfonyl chlorides. This redox-neutral protocol can be easily scale up to a gram scale. [Display omitted] Allyl sulfones are synthesized via Cu-catalyzed ligand-free regioselective sulfonylation reaction from easily obtained α-methylstyrene derivatives and sulfonyl chlorides. This redox-neutral protocol also features a low-cost metal catalyst, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and could be smoothly amplified to a gram scale. The allylic sulfone products can be used in diverse radical coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibition protects against acute lung injury (ALI). Anagliptin is a novel selective inhibitor of DPP4 but its role in ALI has not been studied. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of anagliptin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVEC) injury, as well as its underlying mechanism. HPMVECs were exposed to LPS in the presence or absence of anagliptin co-treatment. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) production was detected using a commercial kit. DPP4 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels, apoptosis and migration were assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, TUNEL staining and wound healing assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to assess expression levels of proteins involved in NF-κB signaling, cell apoptosis and migration, as well as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). LPS decreased cell viability and NO production, but elevated expression of DPP4 in HPMVECs. LPS promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, NF-κB activation and cell apoptosis, but inhibited cell migration and phosphorylated-AKT/endothelial NO synthase expression. Anagliptin co-treatment significantly restored all of these effects. Mechanistically, the upregulation of HMGB1/RAGE expression induced by LPS was markedly blocked by anagliptin. In conclusion, anagliptin alleviated inflammation, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction in LPS-induced HPMVECs via modulating HMGB1/RAGE expression. These data provide a basis for use of anagliptin in ALI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A copper-catalyzed redox-neutral alkene sulfonylation reaction has been developed. This reported protocol can be easily scale up to a gram scale, and smoothly applied to the late-stage modification of several bioactive molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper solves the practical consensus tracking control problem for networked Euler–Lagrange (EL) systems using the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) in combination with the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. An integrated consensus algorithm is proposed for the networked EL systems, where the RBF neural network is first utilized to generate online estimation of the uncertain EL dynamics for enhancing the system adaptability, and then the UDE is applied to compensate external disturbances dynamically for improving the system robustness. Furthermore, a unified analysis framework for the closed-loop control system is established through performing the proper filter design and Lyapunov-like analysis. The proposed consensus tracking algorithm possesses a simple system structure for implementation and has a good robust performance in dealing with both uncertainties and disturbances. Numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the developed integrated consensus scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) is a useful approach for obtaining low-rank data corrupted by noise or outliers. However, existing TRPCA methods face certain challenges when it comes to estimating the tensor rank and the sparsity accurately. The commonly used tensor nuclear norm (TNN) may lead to sub-optimal solutions due to the gap between TNN and the tensor rank. Additionally, the ℓ 1 -norm is not an ideal estimation of the ℓ 0 -norm, and solving TNN minimization can be computationally intensive because of the tensor singular value thresholding (t-SVT) scheme. To address these issues, a method called fast correction TNN (FC-TNN) is proposed for TRPCA. In contrast to existing methods, FC-TNN introduces a correction term to bridge the gap between TNN and the tensor rank. Furthermore, a new correction term is employed for the ℓ 1 -norm to achieve the desired solution. To improve computational efficiency, the Chebyshev polynomial approximation (CPA) technique is presented for computing t-SVT without requiring tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD). The CPA technique is incorporated into the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve the proposed model effectively. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that FC-TNN offers a lower error bound compared to TNN under certain conditions. Extensive experiments conducted on various tensor-based datasets illustrate that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. • We consider the corrected tensor nuclear norm and l1 norm to solve the tensor recovery problem. • The proposed model is a more general framework, including several current methods as special cases. • A fast ADMM algorithm with chebyshev polynomial approximation technique is proposed. • Numerical experiments conducted on real-word datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the ICU ward, septic cirrhotic patients are susceptible to suffering from sepsis-associated encephalopathy and/or hepatic encephalopathy, which are two common neurological complications in such patients. However, the mutual pathogenesis between sepsis-associated and hepatic encephalopathies remains unclear. We aimed to identify the mutual hub genes, explore effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the two common encephalopathies and provide novel, promising insights into the clinical management of such septic cirrhotic patients. Methods: The precious human post-mortem cerebral tissues were deprived of the GSE135838, GSE57193, and GSE41919 datasets, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed genes and screened hub genes with weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The hub genes were then subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway functional enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlation analyses were set up for the hub genes. Finally, we explored principal and common signaling pathways by using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and the association between the hub genes and immune cell subtype distribution by using CIBERSORT algorithm. Results: We identified seven hub genes—GPR4, SOCS3, BAG3, ZFP36, CDKN1A, ADAMTS9, and GADD45B—by using differentially expressed gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis method. The AUCs of these genes were all greater than 0.7 in the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results demonstrated that mutual signaling pathways were mainly enriched in hypoxia and inflammatory response. CIBERSORT indicated that these seven hub genes were closely related to innate and adaptive immune cells. Conclusions: We identified seven hub genes with promising diagnostic value and therapeutic targets in septic cirrhotic patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy and/or hepatic encephalopathy. Hypoxia, inflammatory, and immunoreaction responses may share the common downstream pathways of the two common encephalopathies, for which earlier recognition and timely intervention are crucial for management of such septic cirrhotic patients in ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. Results: The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(C and D) PFS and OS of patients with increased mean ctDNA VAF versus patients with no increased mean ctDNA VAF based on pre- and post-treatment ctDNA change, respectively. Twenty-seven patients had pre- and post-treatment plasma-derived ctDNA, and paired baseline BM DNA NGS assessments were included for both concordance analysis and dynamic ctDNA analysis. Three patients with only pre- and post-treatment ctDNA assessments and one patient with only post-treatment ctDNA assessments were used for dynamic ctDNA analysis (Figure 1). [Extracted from the article]

Summary: As reported, SETD2 is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but knowledge about the specifics is limited. We enrolled 530 consecutive newly diagnosed AML patients in our study, and we analysed the distribution pattern and prognostic role of SETD2 mutation in AML. SETD2 mutation was found to affect 6.3% of AML patients, and it frequently co‐occurred with IDH2, NRAS and CEBPA mutations. SETD2‐mutated patients saw excellent therapeutic responses but failed to gain better survival time than other patients. This could be because of the high recurrence and mortality in SETD2‐mutated patients who have additional mutations, such as NRAS mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. Results: The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. Results: The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise and efficient inspection of disband defect in sub-mm layers of composite structures is a big challenge for the non-destructive and testing industry. In this work, 16 artificial disbands (flat bottom holes), with different sizes and depths, in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were contactless detected using combined laser thermography and laser ultrasonics with optical microphone. The presented laser ultrasonic technique employed a membrane free optical microphone is a contactless and nondestructive technique and shows high detectability for flat bottom holes with deep depth in this preliminary investigation. Sizes and depths of the flat-bottom holes were determined by the presented laser ultrasonics technique. This investigation combined the high detection efficiency of laser thermography and high detection sensitivity of laser ultrasonics with the optical microphone together for the contactless inspection of artificial disbonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oliguria is a clinical symptom characterized by decreased urine output, which can occur at any stage of acute kidney injury and also during renal replacement therapy. In some cases, oliguria may resolve with adjustment of blood purification dose or fluid management, while in others, it may suggest a need for further evaluation and intervention. It is important to determine the underlying cause of oliguria during renal replacement therapy and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. This review looks into the mechanisms of urine production to investigate the mechanism of oliguria during renal replacement therapy from two aspects: diminished glomerular filtration rate and tubular abnormalities. The above conditions all implying a renal oxygen supply–demand imbalance, which is the signal of worsening kidney injury. It also proposes a viable clinical pathway for the treatment and management of patients with acute kidney injury receiving renal replacement therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to synthesize benzofurylselenocyanates, benzothienylselenocyanates and indolylselenocyanates via electrophilic selenocyanogen cyclization was established. This sequential process was conducted under mild conditions in a short time. This protocol was successfully applied to late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Notablely, the selenocyanate can be converted into other valuable Se‐containing compounds and showed antitumor activity to human hepatoma cells HepG2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new depth-resolved tomography approach titled laser induced chirp-pulsed radar photothermal tomography (CR-PT) is introduced. • The accuracy of the shape, position, and depth of the defects detected by CR-PT. • CR-PT technique can achieve high-quality 3D geometric reconstruction of CFRP delamination defect. In this paper, a new depth-resolved tomography approach titled laser induced chirp-pulsed radar photothermal tomography (CR-PT) is introduced, and it is employed for the 3D visualization detection for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Initially, the time delay correlation dual orthogonal demodulation (DOD) algorithm is applied to extract the time/frequency-domain characteristic sequence of the chirp-pulsed radar signal, and the applicability of CR-PT is analyzed by COMSOL simulation environment. Subsequently, the correctness of the simulation analysis is verified by the experiment of detecting CFRP with the flat bottom holes by CR-PT. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the shape, position, and depth of the defects detected by CR-PT is determined. Finally, the immersion ultrasonic C-scan imaging and CR-PT are employed to compare and analyze the delamination defect of CFRP composites, which proved the superiority of CR-PT. The experimental results illustrated that CR-PT technique can achieve high-quality 3D geometric reconstruction of CFRP delamination defect, which provides a new attempt and method for quantitative non-destructive evaluation and tomography of CFRP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l Ta does not significantly influence the primary damage state, in terms of number of surviving defects or clustered fraction. l Ta reduces the mobility of the interstitial clusters and 1/2<111> interstitial loops. l The presence of Ta has a stabilizing effect on the 〈100〉 loops at high-temperature. Tungsten (W) and W-based alloys are competitive candidates for plasma-facing materials in future fusion reactors. W-tantalum (Ta) alloys get the most attention amongst these materials. The present study uses molecular dynamics simulations to study the displacement cascades of pure W and W-Ta alloy systems with recoil energy up to 100 keV at 300 K and the further evolution of cascade defects at 1,000 K. The effects of Ta concentration on the generation and evolution of the defects, produced with primary knock-on atom energies, are quantitatively analysed. This study's results show that the presence of randomly distributed Ta atoms does not significantly affect the average number of surviving Frenkel pairs or the fractions of clustered vacancies and interstitials. In addition, there is no completed vacancy dislocation loop in all systems after cascading. The produced dislocation loops are mainly 1/2 〈111〉 loops companied with a small amount of 〈100〉 loops and mixed loops. However, the existence of Ta atoms slows down the motion of defects and defect mobility decreases as the Ta concentration increases in bulk W. This will affect the size and density of defects. In addition, the presence of Ta also inhibits the transition of the 〈100〉 dislocation loops to 1/2 〈111〉 dislocation loops under the high-temperature condition. This will affect the types of dislocation loops and the material performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce a new extended cosine family of distributions. Some important mathematical and statistical properties are studied, including asymptotic results, a quantile function, series representation of the cumulative distribution and probability density functions, moments, moments of residual life, reliability parameter, and order statistics. Three special members of the family are proposed and discussed, namely, the extended cosine Weibull, extended cosine power, and extended cosine generalized half-logistic distributions. Maximum likelihood, least-square, percentile, and Bayes methods are considered for parameter estimation. Simulation studies are used to assess these methods and show their satisfactory performance. The stress–strength reliability underlying the extended cosine Weibull distribution is discussed. In particular, the stress–strength reliability parameter is estimated via a Bayes method using gamma prior under the square error loss, absolute error loss, maximum a posteriori, general entropy loss, and linear exponential loss functions. In the end, three real applications of the findings are provided for illustration; one of them concerns stress–strength data analyzed by the extended cosine Weibull distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second deadliest disease in Asia, so it is crucial to find its promising therapeutic targets. The expression profile data of miR383-5p in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. The expression levels of miR383-5p in the collected clinical tissue samples and peripheral blood samples were examined by qPCR, and the relationship between its expression and the clinical data of patients was evaluated. MiR383-5p was overexpressed in the AGS cells, and cell biology assays, such as Transwell, were performed to detect the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and other cell biology abilities of miR383-5p. Target prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to find and validate the target genes of miR383-5p. The expression and activity of MMP and related proteins after overexpression of miR383-5p and NCKAP1 were detected by WB and gelatin zymography assay. The expression of miR383-5p was down-regulated in GC tissues, and its low expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Restoration of miR383-5p expression in GC cells can inhibit the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells. MiR383-5p negatively regulated NCKAP1 through direct interaction with the 3’UTR sequence of NCKAP1. The overexpression of NCKAP1 can improve the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, whereas overexpression of miR383-5p can inhibit growth of the aforementioned abilities of GC cells induced by NCKAP1 overexpression. The overexpression of NCKAP1 can increase the expression level and activity of MMP2, while the overexpression of miR383-5p can inhibit the increase of MMP2 expression level and activity in GC cells induced by NCKAP1 overexpression. NCKAP1 is a target gene of miR383-5p, and miR383-5p could be a valuable therapeutic target for stomach adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811)/graphite battery is extensively concerned due to its high specific energy and low-cost. However, the unstable cathode/solid electrolyte interface (CEI/SEI) in carbonate-based electrolyte limits its development, especially under high voltage and high temperature. Herein, a novel electrolyte with 3-cyano-2,5,6-trifluoronicotinonitrile (CTFP) as an additive is proposed to construct a highly stable interface film on both cathode and anode to improve the electrochemical performance of NCM811/graphite battery. The experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that CTFP can preferentially catch PF 6 − on the NCM811 surface and then be oxidized to generate a N-containing polymer which can strongly absorb PF 5 and inhibit the formation of HF and the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions on the cathode, and meanwhile, it is reduced to form a LiF-rich SEI on the anode. As a result, by adding 0.5 wt% CTFP into the basic electrolyte, the capacity retention of commercial NCM811/graphite pouch cell with 1800 mAh can be enhanced from 48 % to 75 % at 1 C after 200 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.35 V at 25 °C and the capacity retention of NCM811/graphite pouch cell with 16 mAh is improved from 46 % to 69 % at 1 C after 300 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.25 V at 55 °C. This new additive provides a universal strategy to establish a highly stable interface film on both NCM811 and graphite for high performance lithium-ion batteries. [Display omitted] • CTFP as a novel electrolyte additive can construct a highly stable interface film on both cathode and anode, and increase cycling performance of NCM811/graphite pouch cell with 1.8 Ah conspicuously. • CTFP preferentially catches PF 6 − on the NCM811 surface and then is oxidized to generate a N-containing polymer to inhibit the formation of HF and the dissolution of transition metal ions on the cathode. • CTFP is preferentially reduced to form a LiF-rich SEI on the anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high-sensitivity, quasi-temperature-insensitive magnetic field sensor is experimentally demonstrated. • Temperature affect induced by thermal expansion is eliminated by the symmetry of optical structure. • Experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity could be 4.36 nm/mT. This paper proposed and experimentally demonstrated a high resolution and quasi-temperature-insensitive magnetic field sensor based on hybrid interferometer. The sensor is created by cascading a Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and a Sagnac loop interferometer (SI). Due to the symmetry of the MZI's two arms, the length change induced by thermal expansion is approximate identical, meaning the temperature perturbation would be eliminated. Moreover, the free spectrum ranges of MZI and SI are extremely close, thus the sensitivity is amplified by the vernier effect. Experiment results indicate that the magnetic field sensitivity of the MZI is 118.8 pm/mT, while the sensitivity of the sensor is 4.36 nm/mT, which is about 36.9 times higher than it in the MZI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Demoralization, a significant mental health concern in patients with chronic diseases, can have a large impact on physical symptom burden and quality of life. The present review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for demoralization among patients with chronic diseases.PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Research on providing interventions to patients with chronic diseases that included quantitative data on demoralization was then systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies were included, most of which considered demoralization as a secondary outcome. Interventions included evidence-based meaning-centered psychotherapy, dignity therapy, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and others. Ten studies used randomized controlled designs. Six of these investigated evidence-based meaning-centered therapy, and four investigated dignity therapy, showing the best empirical support for these intervention types. Most studies showed significant impacts on demoralization in patients with chronic diseases.This systematic review provides insights into potential psychological interventions for reducing demoralization in patients with chronic diseases. Randomized controlled designs and adequately powered samples, with demoralization as the primary outcome, are needed to more clearly evaluate its effectiveness.Method: Demoralization, a significant mental health concern in patients with chronic diseases, can have a large impact on physical symptom burden and quality of life. The present review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for demoralization among patients with chronic diseases.PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Research on providing interventions to patients with chronic diseases that included quantitative data on demoralization was then systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies were included, most of which considered demoralization as a secondary outcome. Interventions included evidence-based meaning-centered psychotherapy, dignity therapy, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and others. Ten studies used randomized controlled designs. Six of these investigated evidence-based meaning-centered therapy, and four investigated dignity therapy, showing the best empirical support for these intervention types. Most studies showed significant impacts on demoralization in patients with chronic diseases.This systematic review provides insights into potential psychological interventions for reducing demoralization in patients with chronic diseases. Randomized controlled designs and adequately powered samples, with demoralization as the primary outcome, are needed to more clearly evaluate its effectiveness.Results: Demoralization, a significant mental health concern in patients with chronic diseases, can have a large impact on physical symptom burden and quality of life. The present review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for demoralization among patients with chronic diseases.PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Research on providing interventions to patients with chronic diseases that included quantitative data on demoralization was then systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies were included, most of which considered demoralization as a secondary outcome. Interventions included evidence-based meaning-centered psychotherapy, dignity therapy, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and others. Ten studies used randomized controlled designs. Six of these investigated evidence-based meaning-centered therapy, and four investigated dignity therapy, showing the best empirical support for these intervention types. Most studies showed significant impacts on demoralization in patients with chronic diseases.This systematic review provides insights into potential psychological interventions for reducing demoralization in patients with chronic diseases. Randomized controlled designs and adequately powered samples, with demoralization as the primary outcome, are needed to more clearly evaluate its effectiveness.Conclusion: Demoralization, a significant mental health concern in patients with chronic diseases, can have a large impact on physical symptom burden and quality of life. The present review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for demoralization among patients with chronic diseases.PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Research on providing interventions to patients with chronic diseases that included quantitative data on demoralization was then systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies were included, most of which considered demoralization as a secondary outcome. Interventions included evidence-based meaning-centered psychotherapy, dignity therapy, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and others. Ten studies used randomized controlled designs. Six of these investigated evidence-based meaning-centered therapy, and four investigated dignity therapy, showing the best empirical support for these intervention types. Most studies showed significant impacts on demoralization in patients with chronic diseases.This systematic review provides insights into potential psychological interventions for reducing demoralization in patients with chronic diseases. Randomized controlled designs and adequately powered samples, with demoralization as the primary outcome, are needed to more clearly evaluate its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short-range repulsive interactions of any force field must be modified to be applicable for high energy atomic collisions because of extremely far from equilibrium state when used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this work, the short-range repulsive interaction of a reactive force field (ReaxFF), describing Fe–Ni–Al alloy system, is well modified by adding a tabulated function form based on Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark (ZBL) potential. The modified interaction covers three ranges, including short range, smooth range, and primordial range. The short range is totally predominated by ZBL potential. The primordial range means the interactions in this range is the as-is ReaxFF with no changes. The smooth range links the short-range ZBL and primordial-range ReaxFF potentials with a taper function. Both energies and forces are guaranteed to be continuous, and qualified to the consistent requirement in LAMMPS. This modified force field is applicable for simulations of energetic particle bombardments and reproducing point defects' booming and recombination effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The principle of multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging is briefly introduced initially. • Several typical infrared thermal-wave imaging modalities are introduced in detail from the aspects of the excitation source, excitation waveform, feature extraction algorithm, and image processing. • The development status and practical application examples of multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging are emphatically introduced, and the problems faced by infrared thermal-wave imaging are analyzed. Multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging has the advantages of intuitive, efficient, large detection area, non-contact, and long-distance detection respectively. It has a wide range of applications in the aerospace, nuclear industry, petrochemical, automobile, and energy fields. In this present investigation, the principle of multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging is briefly introduced initially. Subsequently, several typical infrared thermal-wave imaging modalities, such as pulse thermography, lock-in thermography, line scanning infrared thermography, and infrared radar thermal-wave imaging, are introduced in detail from the aspects of the excitation source, excitation waveform, feature extraction algorithm, and image processing. Multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging based on different heat source triggering modes was also introduced in this paper. The development status and practical application examples of multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging are emphatically introduced, and the problems faced by infrared thermal-wave imaging are analyzed. Finally, the future development trend of multimode infrared thermal-wave imaging is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten (W)-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown promising properties as nuclear fusion materials. Characterizing the primary damage is a critical step in describing and revealing the irradiation-induced damage and radiation resistance mechanism. However, there are a limited number of studies on collision cascades and primary radiation damage in W-based HEAs, owing to the large amount of calculations involved and a lack of appropriate interatomic interaction potentials. In this work, we developed a semi-empirical interatomic potential for W–Ta–Cr–V. By using the developed potential, molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in W-based HEAs were performed to assess the primary damage due to irradiation. Based on experimental samples, we reported defect production in W 38 Ta 36 Cr 15 V 11 and compared it to pure W for primary knock-on atom with energies ranging from 1 keV to 100 keV. Our findings showed that the number of FPs at the thermal spike and the number of surviving FPs at the end of the cascade in W 38 Ta 36 Cr 15 V 11 are more than those in pure W, mainly due to the lower threshold displacement energy, melting temperature, and formation energy of point defects. Collision cascades in the W 38 Ta 36 Cr 15 V 11 are less likely to result in the formation of dislocation loops compared to pure W. After collision cascade, in W 38 Ta 36 Cr 15 V 11 , the concentrations of Cr and V atoms in defects is significantly higher than their corresponding concentrations in the system, showing an aggregation tendency. The current collision cascade results provide insights into the primary damage of W-based HEA system under irradiation and should provide reliable guidance for describing the primary damage source terms needed in the kinetic models used to simulate radiation-induced microstructural evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human intervention in agriculture, such as tillage and fertilization, could result in major changes of N 2 O emissions that understanding the N 2 O emission mechanism is of great significance in reducing the N 2 O emissions of the agricultural system. In this work, we focused on the conventional tillage practice and straw return practice used in the spring maize production system of this region and compared them by the addition of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to explore the N 2 O emission mechanism of the farmland. Compared with conventional farming, straw return significantly increased the N 2 O emissions from the soil. Soil pH had important effects on soil N 2 O emissions through its influence on the ammonia oxidizer community. In addition, DMPP was used to distinguish N 2 O emissions driven by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and the results showed that AOB were the dominant factor regulating N 2 O emissions after receiving nitrogen from an external source in dryland farming calcareous soil. Through the analyses of soil AOB community composition and the aggregated boosted tree (ABT) model for N 2 O emissions, Nitrosospira Cluster 3a.2 was found to be the main driving force of soil N 2 O emissions in AOB communities. These findings will help better understand the physiochemical and biological mechanisms underlying the N 2 O emissions of agricultural soils and provide insight for reducing the negative impact of agricultural production systems on the ecological environment. [Display omitted] • Straw return and fertilization significantly increased soil N 2 O emissions. • DMPP significantly inhibited N 2 O emissions from nitrification. • Soil pH and MBC were the main influencing factors on soil N 2 O emissions. • The soil N 2 O emission after fertilization was mainly regulated by AOB. • Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 was the primary driving force of soil N 2 O emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-quality Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 /SrTiO 3 thin films were prepared by sol–gel. • The interface hinders the development of the electronic tree, achieving enhanced breakdown strength. • Enhanced energy storage performance was achieved in laminated Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 /SrTiO 3 film. With the trend of miniaturization and integration of integrated circuits, thin film dielectric capacitors with high energy storage density and fast charge/discharge rate have attracted more and more attention. In this work, lead-free thin film dielectric capacitors with different stacking structures based on Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 and SrTiO 3 were prepared by a sol–gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate. By processing optimization, enhanced breakdown strength was obtained with fine hysteresis loops for the laminated Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 /SrTiO 3 films, leading to excellent energy storage performance of energy storage density ∼ 58.96 J/cm3 and efficiency ∼ 81.59 %, which is attractive for the dielectric film energy storage capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is a critical global environmental issue that urgently needs to be solved. In this study, compost, attapulgite, and their combination were used for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and plant uptake of Cd were investigated to evaluate the remediation effectiveness. Attapulgite and combined compost–attapulgite significantly increased the soil pH, while compost and combined compost–attapulgite induced the larger increase in soil organic matter (SOM) and available P and K. The catalase, urease, and sucrase activities in the soil had considerably improved, and those activities in the soil treated with compost–attapulgite increased by 2.04, 1.15 and 0.32 times, respectively, compared to untreated soil. The decrease of CaCl 2 –Cd content in the soil treated with combined compost–attapulgite was most pronounced, with a decline of 96.38% compared to untreated soil. Meanwhile, combined compost–attapulgite led to the decrease in exchangeable and reducible Cd from 0.70 to 0.64 mg kg−1 and from 0.47 to 0.43 mg kg−1, respectively, and an increase of residual Cd from 0.06 to 0.16 mg kg−1. The combination of compost and attapulgite promotes Cd immobilization through adsorption, complexation, coprecipitation, and ion exchange. The obvious Cd immobilization effectiveness of combined compost–attapulgite resulted in the lowest pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) uptake of Cd among treatments. These findings provided an alternative strategy for improving soil quality, reducing Cd bioavailability through combined use of compost and attapulgite as soil amendment in Cd contaminated soil. [Display omitted] • Combined compost–attapulgite is more effective in increasing soil pH. • Alkaline condition promotes higher DOC in combined compost–attapulgite treated soil. • CaCl 2 –Cd content decreased by 96.38% in combined compost–attapulgite treatment. • Combined compost–attapulgite significantly decreased uptake of Cd in pakchoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]