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Impatiens is rich in germplasm resources, with more than 260 species in China. A study on the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the pollen characteristics were richly diverse, and there was some correlation among the characteristics. In addition, the micromorphological index can be used for an effective cluster analysis of Impatiens. However, there was high interspecific similarity in some Impatiens, and the classification of Impatiens cannot be accurate to the species using pollen characteristics. Based on the classification conditions of Impatiens, the characteristics of the pollen structure were found to be useful to classify Impatiens into subgenera or smaller groups. The macroscopic characteristics and the number of sepals (NS) were used as references, which enabled the conclusion that there were 11 indices in the pollen micromorphological index, and the taxonomic effect was greater than the NS. In summary, the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens plays an important role in the classification of Impatiens. The purpose of this study was to explore this characteristic of Impatiens, which has some reference significance to supplement the pollen characteristics and palynological classification of Impatiens. The goal for this research was to aid in the interspecific identification and genetic breeding of Impatiens.

The identification and effective control of pollution sources is essential because heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil is associated with food safety and public health. Industrial wastewater, waste gas, and residues generated from pharmaceutical manufacturing are important sources of heavy metal pollutants in soil, but the research of their risk for surrounding agricultural soil is inadequate. In this study, the typical pharmaceutical manufacturing complex and its surrounding farmland in Hubei Province, China was employed to systematically and comprehensively assess its environmental risk and source apportionment. The results revealed the potential risk of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) from pharmaceutical production for farmland soil around, and among these heavy metals, As and Cd were observed to have the higher pollution level. The accumulated Cd and As had contribution to a series of risks, including comprehensive pollution risk, geo-accumulation risk, potential ecological risk, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source analysis combining with the geographic distribution of heavy metal surrounding pharmaceutical manufacturing confirmed that there were three main heavy metal pollution sources, including pharmaceutical wastewater, traffic, and agricultural chemicals, which had the 52.37%, 16.49%, and 31.14% contributions to the surrounding agricultural soil. The present study provided systematic strategies of environment risk assessment and source apportionment, and can be referred for casual analysis and prevention strategies for farmland soil surrounding pharmaceutical manufacturing complex.

The contamination of soils with petroleum and its derivatives is a longstanding, widespread, and worsening environmental issue. However, efforts to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils often neglect or overlook the interference of heavy metals that often co-contaminate these soils and occur in petroleum itself. Here, we identified Acinetobacter baumannii strain JYZ-03 according to its Gram staining, oxidase reaction, biochemical tests, and FAME and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses and determined that it has the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. It was isolated from soil contaminated by both heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Strain JYZ-03 utilized diesel oil, long-chain n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as its sole carbon sources. It degraded 93.29% of the diesel oil burden in 7 days. It also had a high tolerance to heavy metal stress caused by arsenic (As). Its petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency remained constant over the 0–300 mg/L As(V) range. Its optimal growth conditions were pH 7.0 and 25–30 °C, respectively, and its growth was not inhibited even by 3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain JYZ-03 effectively bioremediates petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in the presence of As stress. Therefore, strain JYZ-03 may be of high value in petroleum- and heavy-metal-contaminated site bioremediation.

This study investigated the removal of metal cations (Cd(II)) and metalloid anions (Se(IV)) from their aqueous solution by using agricultural waste (rice husk biochar). Rice husk biochar samples were prepared under 300, 500, and 700 °C pyrolysis conditions and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Aqueous Cd(II) and Se(IV) sorption kinetics and isotherms of rice husk biochar were studied. The results showed that the yield of rice husk biochar decreased from 41.6% to 33.3%, the pH increased from 7.5 to 9.9, and the surface area increased from 64.8 m2/g to 330.0 m2/g as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C. Under the experimental conditions, at increasing preparation temperatures of rice husk biochar, the sorption performance of Cd(II) and Se(IV) was enhanced. The sorption capability and sorption rate were considerably higher and faster for Cd(II) ions than for Se(IV) ions. Cd(II) sorption was found to reach equilibrium faster, within 150 min, while Se(IV) sorption was slower and reached equilibrium within 750 min. The maximum sorption capacities of cadmium and selenium by rice husk biochar were 67.7 mg/g and 0.024 mg/g, respectively, according to Langmuir model fitting.

Microorganisms rely on diverse ion transport and trace elements to sustain growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Manganese (Mn 2+ ) is essential for various biological processes and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of human cells, plants, and yeast. In Aspergillus flavus , we confirmed that Pmr1 localized in cis- and medial- Golgi compartments was critical in facilitating Mn 2+ transport, fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism, and glycosylation. In comparison to the wild type, the Δ pmr1 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to environmental stress, accompanied by inhibited synthesis of aflatoxin B1, kojic acid, and a substantial reduction in pathogenicity toward peanuts and maize. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous Mn 2+ effectively rectified the developmental and secondary metabolic defects in the Δ pmr1 mutant. However, Mn 2+ supplement failed to restore the growth and development of the Δ pmr1 Δ gdt1 double mutant, which indicated that the Gdt1 compensated for the functional deficiency of pmr1 . In addition, our results showed that pmr1 knockout leads to an upregulation of O-glycosyl-N-acetylglucose (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), while Mn 2+ supplementation can restore the glycosylation in A. flavus . Collectively, this study indicates that the pmr1 regulates Mn 2+ via Golgi and maintains growth and metabolism functions of A. flavus through regulation of the glycosylation.