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The effects of preterm birth, neonatal morbidities and environmental influences on infant sleep development is an important yet under-researched topic, with little known about normative sleep for infants born sick or preterm. The aim of this prospective, observational longitudinal study was to evaluate maternal perceptions and degree of bother with infant sleep behaviours and feeding outcomes across the first 9 months after discharge for sick/preterm infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and for healthy term-born infants. This paper reports outcomes for the sick/preterm cohort (I = 94) that were recruited from two NICUs in Perth, Western Australia. Total bother scores were on average 20.2% higher at 9 months than at two weeks post-discharge (p < 0.001). Increased night waking frequency, evening settling duration and crying duration were all positively associated with total bother scores. Maternal confidence scores were negatively associated with maternal bother scores; with each unit increase in confidence, maternal bother decreased by 8.5% (p < 0.001). Covariates such as birth gestation, breastfeeding status and multiple births were not associated with maternal bother. Families may benefit from additional support when experiencing increased night waking frequency and crying and settling durations in the first 9 months after discharge from NICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between family functioning, pain intensity, self-perceived burden, and pain catastrophizing. Moreover, we also wanted to explore the multiple mediating roles of pain intensity and self-perceived burden. From October 2022 to March 2023, 252 Chinese people with neuropathic pain completed face-to-face questionnaires to assess family functioning, pain intensity, self-perceived burden, and pain catastrophizing. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model. The results showed better family functioning was significantly associated with more intense pain, less self-perceived burden, and less pain catastrophizing. Mediation analysis showed that family functioning could indirectly affect pain catastrophizing through pain intensity and self-perceived burden in addition to a direct effect on pain catastrophizing. Moreover, the mediating variable of pain intensity played a masking role. These findings suggest that good family functioning can effectively reduce the self-perceived burden and pain catastrophizing in patients with neuropathic pain. However, family functioning cannot show its maximum effectiveness, and it may be necessary to construct a model of family functioning suitable for patients with neuropathic pain in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between fear of COVID‐19 and mental health of nurses and the effects of psychological capital and burnout in this relation. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: The online surveys were conducted among mainland Chinese nurses. Participants (n = 445; average age 32.89 ± 6.76 years) completed an online‐questionnaire based on the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, the Psychological Capital Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Professionals Scale and the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson's correlation analysis, Harman single‐factor test and the bootstrap method for mediating effect testing. Results: (1) The study demonstrated a significant direct effect of fear of COVID‐19 on nurses' mental health, as well as on mediating factors such as burnout and psychological capital. (2) Regression analyses confirmed that while psychological capital bolstered mental health, burnout undermined it, with fear of COVID‐19 further imposing a negative influence. (3) Fear of COVID‐19 exerted an effect on the mental health of nurses by the independent and chain intermediary functions of psychological capital and burnout, resulting in a total mediating effect of −0.233. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of studies on e-cigarette use among adults with chronic lung disease. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether psychosocial or cognitive factors elucidate the relationship between chronic lung disease (CLD) and susceptibility to e-cigarette use and whether the relationship between CLD and e-cigarette use is conditional on the presence of respiratory symptoms. METHODS We recruited adults aged ≥18 years in Alabama with CLD from university medical clinics (n=140) and individuals without CLD (n=123 as a reference group). Information on sociodemographics, susceptibility to e-cigarette use, psychosocial factors, and cognitive factors were collected. Mediation analysis was used to assess whether the psychosocial factors or cognitive factors explained the association between CLD and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes, and moderation analysis was conducted to determine if respiratory factors would change the association between CLD and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. RESULTS Psychosocial factors (stress, depression, anxiety) and e-cigarette positive expectancy were notably high among individuals with CLD. Having CLD was associated with a lower likelihood of susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Higher levels of stress, being a smoker, boredom, taste/sensorimotor manipulation, and social facilitation were associated with higher odds of susceptibility to using e-cigarettes among individuals with CLD. Mediation analysis indicated a statistically significant indirect effect of CLD on the susceptibility to using e-cigarettes through stress and boredom reduction. We did not find a statistically significant interaction between CLD and respiratory symptoms affecting susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CLD often exhibit stress, depression, and a positive view of e-cigarettes but are generally less inclined to use them. Stress, smoking habits, boredom, taste, and social influence can increase their susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Our findings call for further exploration to evaluate the temporal relationship between CLD status, psychosocial factors, cognitive factors, and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is one of the factors that link to the suicidal behaviors that are the most severe negative consequence exhibited among cybervictims. Besides, depression has been reported to be associated with various long-term psychosocial outcomes. Accordingly, this study used a scoping review method to examine the relationship between cybervictimization and depression among adolescents. Eleven English articles published in or after 2017 at the Scopus database were selected in the review based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria. The findings found that the association between cybervictimization and depression is robust, as the associations were found among cybervictims from different countries, even if different designs and measurements were used. Besides, the findings also suggested that cybervictimization and depression can be a bidirectional rather than a unidirectional relationship. Moreover, the relationships between cybervictimization and depression can be mediated or moderated by some psychological factors. The findings provide information to educators in their planning of strategies to assist cybervictims and to scholars in their building of the theory of cybervictimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim was to assess Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), anxiety and depression in patients and caregivers during follow-up care after curative treatment for cancer in the pancreas, duodenum, or bile ducts. The secondary aim was to assess dyadic coping and the burden of being a caregiver. In this prospective observational cohort study, we included patients and caregivers at first follow-up visit to conduct the following: Demographic characteristics, The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life, the pancreas and bile duct module, EQ5D 3L, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 at baseline, and at six and nine-months follow-up visit. Demographic characteristics, Dyadic Coping Inventory and Zarit Caregiver Burden Questionnaire were conducted at baseline and at nine-months of follow-up visit. The response rate was 42% with 104 of the 248 invited patients completing the questionnaires at baseline: 78 (75% of 104) after six and 69 (66% of 104) after nine months. The median (Q25,75) time for inclusion was 33.6 (13.4, 38) and 29.1 (18.3, 36) weeks after surgery for patients with pancreatic or duodenal cancer, and bile duct cancer, respectively. The response rate of caregivers was 88% with 75 of 85 completing the questionnaires. Fifty percent of patients with pancreatic or duodenal cancer had diarrhea at baseline. After six and nine months, this increased to 75%. Fatigue was the most prominent symptom in patients with bile duct cancer after nine months with 25% of patients scoring this as a clinical symptom. The study highlights the need to systematically screen physical and psychological symptoms in patients and caregivers during follow-up care after treatment for cancer in the pancreas, duodenum and bile ducts. Symptom management during follow-up care should be prioritized by clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: An extensive literature has documented the deleterious effects of weight bias internalization (WBI) on biopsychosocial health outcomes. Still, this research is largely confined to the Western context. Furthermore, few studies have explored associations between WBI and biopsychosocial health outcomes, including in non‐Western adolescent populations. Method: The present study explored the longitudinal relationships between WBI and body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, psychosocial impairment related to eating disorder features, and psychological and physical well‐being in a sample (N = 1549; aged 11–18 years at baseline) of Chinese adolescents. Relationships between study variables were examined between two waves of data measurement (Time 1, baseline, and Time 2, 6‐month). Cross‐lagged and multivariate models were used to explore prospective relationships between WBI and biopsychosocial correlates. Results: Bidirectional relationships were observed between WBI and biopsychosocial correlates in Chinese adolescents. Adjusting for covariates and other predictor variables, higher body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress at Time 1 predicted higher WBI at Time 2. Furthermore, higher WBI at Time 1 predicted higher body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress at Time 2. Discussion: Weight bias internalization and psychosocial correlates were interrelated across time in Chinese adolescents. Improving WBI might be promising in the prevention of eating and body image disturbances and diminished psychosocial well‐being. Similarly, reducing eating and body image disturbances and improving psychosocial well‐being might be useful prevention targets in reducing WBI in Chinese adolescents. Public Significance: The present study represents an initial effort to explore bidirectional relationships between WBI and biopsychosocial health outcomes in Chinese adolescents. Findings suggest bidirectional relationships between WBI and psychosocial variables, highlighting the potential utility of incorporating WBI interventions into eating pathology and poor psychosocial well‐being prevention designs for Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young people have been especially affected by the psychosocial consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has potentially also been more stressful for vulnerable groups with mental health problems. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the psychosocial effects of covid-19 in a vulnerable group of adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) from a sample of 1602 Swedish high-school students were examined. Data were collected in 2020 and 2021. First, adolescents with and without NSSI were compared on how they perceived the psychosocial impact of covid-19, and second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether lifetime NSSI experience was associated with perceived psychosocial consequences of covid-19, when demographic variables and symptoms of mental health problems were controlled for. Interaction effects were also examined. Results: Significantly more individuals with NSSI reported being burdened by covid-19 compared to those without NSSI. When demographic variables and mental health symptoms were controlled for, adding NSSI experience did not, however, increase the amount of variance explained in the model. The total model explained 23.2% of the variance in perceived psychosocial impact of covid-19. Perceiving the family's financial situation as poor and neither good nor bad, studying a theoretical high school program, symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were significantly associated with perceived negative psychosocial impact of the covid-19 pandemic. There was a significant interaction effect between NSSI experience and depressive symptoms. The effect of NSSI experience was larger when depressive symptoms were lower. Conclusions: Lifetime NSSI experience in itself was not associated with psychosocial covid-19 consequences when other variables were controlled for, whereas symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were. Results imply that vulnerable adolescents with mental health symptoms need special attention and access to mental health support in order to prevent further stress and worsening of mental health symptoms in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exercise is the most recommended treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and is effective in reducing pain, but the mechanisms underlying its effects remain poorly understood. Exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) may play a role and is thought to be driven by central pain modulation mechanisms. However, EIH appears to be disrupted in many chronic pain conditions and its presence in people with CLBP remains unclear. As people suffering from chronic pain often exhibit psychological factors and central sensitization symptoms influencing pain perception, EIH might be associated with these factors. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the level of EIH between participants with and without CLBP following back and wrist exercises and to assess the associations between EIH, psychological factors, and symptoms of central sensitization (using the central sensitization inventory ‐ CSI) in CLBP. Method: Twenty‐eight participants with CLBP and 23 without pain were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured at 4 sites (2 bony sites = capitate, S1|2 muscle sites = wrist flexors, lumbar erector spinae) before and after each of two exercises (wrist flexion and lumbar extension). Exercise‐induced hypoalgesia was defined as percent change in PPT from pre‐ to post‐exercise. Participants with CLBP also completed questionnaires to measure psychological factors (e.g., kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, anxiety, and self‐efficacy) and symptoms of central sensitization (CSI), and correlations with EIH were calculated. Results: After wrist exercise, EIH measured at the muscle sites was lower in the CLBP group compared with the pain‐free group (p = 0.047) but no differences were found at bony sites (p = 0.49). No significant differences for EIH were observed following back exercise at muscle sites (p = 0.14) or at bony sites (p = 0.65). Exercise‐induced hypoalgesia was not correlated with any psychological factors or with the CSI score. Conclusion: The lower EIH following wrist exercises may represent an alteration in pain modulation control in CLBP. However, psychological factors and central sensitization symptoms may not explain the differences observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-management can lead to increased self-efficacy and improved quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions; however, there is little research exploring how self-management approaches can be used for chronic communication disorders, such as aphasia. Modifications to self-management approaches would be required to accommodate for aphasia; therefore, the input of people with aphasia (PwA) should be sought. The aims of the present study were: (1) To investigate and document the experiences and perspectives of PwA regarding self-management; (2) To explore how technology can be used to support aphasia self-management. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 PwA living in Australia. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse interview data. Analysis resulted in six themes: (1) In self-management, PwA take control of life with aphasia and assume responsibility for engaging in opportunities to improve overall communication; (2) Community aphasia groups are important enablers of self-management because they facilitate peer support; (3) Communication partners (CPs) provide multifaceted support in aphasia self-management; (4) SLPs provide integrated support and coordination in aphasia self-management; (5) Technology supports PwA to self-manage speech therapy and communication in daily life; (6) Psychological and physical health issues and societal factors may impact aphasia self-management abilities. From the perspective of PwA, aphasia self-management involves enhancing skills enabling communication and life participation. PwA are central to aphasia self-management, with support provided by CPs, peers, and SLPs. Technology has a range of applications in aphasia self-management. PwA identified potential personal and contextual barriers that may impact self-management. For people with aphasia, engaging in conversation and social interaction are primary means of managing/improving communicative life participation; therefore, this should be a key focus of aphasia self-management programs. Aphasia self-management approaches should maximise the use of available support and provide tailored information, education, and training in the area of self-management to key stakeholders (people with aphasia, communication partners, and speech-language pathologists). People with aphasia should be supported to use technology for aphasia self-management, encompassing communication specific and daily life use. People with aphasia should be heavily involved in the development of structured aphasia self-management approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial burden in parents of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), detected by newborn screening (NBS), for which first pilot projects started in January 2018 in Germany. The survey, performed 1–2 years after children's diagnosis of SMA via NBS, included 3 parent-related questionnaires to evaluate the psychosocial burden, quality of life (QoL)/satisfaction and work productivity and activity impairment in the families. 42/44 families, detected between January 2018 and February 2020, could be investigated. Interestingly, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between families with children that received SMN-targeted therapy vs. children with a wait-and-see strategy as to social burden (p = 0.016) and personal strain/worries about the future (p = 0.02). However, the evaluation of QoL showed no significant differences between treated vs. untreated children. Fathers of treated children felt more negative impact regarding their productivities at work (p = 0.005) and more negative effects on daily activities (p = 0.022) than fathers of untreated children. Thus, NBS in SMA has a psychosocial impact on families, not only in terms of diagnosis but especially in terms of treatment, and triggers concerns about the future, emphasizing the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary care. Understanding the parents' perspective allows genetic counselors and NBS programs to proactively develop a care plan for parents during the challenging time of uncertainty, anxiety, frustration, and fear of the unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young women with breast cancer (YWBC) report physical and psychological symptom distress after therapy but little is known about their sleep health. The purpose of this study was to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with sleep health and assess the potential role of appraisal of illness and coping on sleep health. An adapted cognitive appraisal and coping conceptual framework guided the study. We used a cross‐sectional design with 159 women who were diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer ≤50 years old. Sleep health was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The mean age was 43.6 years (SD = 6.8), the majority of whom were non‐Hispanic White (84%) and completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy (>70%). More than half of participants (55%) reported poor sleep health (PSQI > 8), and those with worse family functioning and from a racial/ethnic minority group were significantly more likely to have poor sleep health. Cognitive appraisal had a minimal mediation effect for anxiety on sleep health, and coping did not mediate the effect of any psychosocial variables on sleep health. Poor sleep health is a significant clinical problem in YWBC. Further research is needed to explore sleep health disparities among diverse cancer survivors and to examine sleep health in the context of family. Sleep assessment, management, and appropriate referrals to sleep providers should be part of routine survivorship care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the relationship between illness uncertainty, self‐perceived burden and quality of life and explore the mediating role of self‐perceived burden between illness uncertainty and quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Background: Patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia need long‐term, potentially lifelong therapy to control the disease, which affects their quality of life. There is a need for exploring potentially changeable factors to develop interventions. Little is known about the effects of illness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden on quality of life in this population. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 248 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia was recruited from four university hospitals from February to August 2020. Participants were assessed with the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Self‐Perceived Burden Scale, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used to report the results. Results: Illness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden were negatively associated with quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Self‐perceived burden partially mediated the relationship between illness uncertainty and quality of life. The indirect effect was −0.101, accounting for 22.9% of the total effect. Conclusion: The findings revealed the relationship between illness uncertainty, self‐perceived burden and quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Self‐perceived burden exerted a mediating role between illness uncertainty and quality of life in this population. Relevance to clinical practice: This study alerts healthcare providers to pay attention to patients' illness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden, which can contribute to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life among patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in the clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Little is known about the psychological stress and secondary impacts emerging among the general U.S. population as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose for the current study is to assess the prevalence rates of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and to establish psychosocial correlates, pandemic-themed concerns, and other comorbidities for those with GAD at the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This online study included 2,101 U.S. adults between April 14–22, 2020, during the initial stay-at-home protocols and assessed GAD, psychosocial factors, and pandemic-related factors including concerns, changes in health behaviors, and adherence to protocols. The results demonstrated a high prevalence rate (17.9%) for GAD during the initial COVID-19 outbreak compared with the prior 1.8% 12-month estimate before the pandemic. Individuals with GAD reported significantly higher levels of stress, loneliness, fatigue, and empathic concern, along with reductions in levels of quality of life. Likewise, those with GAD reported significantly higher pandemic-related concerns, poorer changes in general health behaviors, and less confidence in the government's response to the pandemic. For clinical purposes, these findings provide insight into the various types of pandemic-themed worries that individuals meeting clinical criteria for GAD will have the most difficulties controlling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mental and physical health, we examined young adults' changes in mental health, intimate relationship quality, alcohol use and weight-related behaviors during COVID-19 and their correlates (depressive symptoms, resilience, social context and COVID-19-related factors). We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 1082 young adults across six metropolitan areas (M age = 24.76 ± 4.70; 51.8% female; 73.6% White and 12.5% Hispanic), using multivariate linear regressions for continuous outcomes (magnitude of mental health impact) and logistic regressions for categorical outcomes (decreased relationship quality, physical activity and nutrition and increased alcohol use and sedentary behavior). Of five negative mental health impacts assessed, participants reported experiencing an average of 3.54 (SD = 5.46), experiencing more correlated with increased childcare responsibilities and lower resilience. Additionally, 23.6% of those in relationships experienced negative relationship impact, 41.3% increased alcohol use, 47.2% decreased physical activity, 74.0% were more sedentary and 34.7% experienced poorer nutrition, all of which was predicted by greater depressive symptoms. Additionally, lower resilience predicted negative relationship impact and poorer nutrition and social context/roles correlated with various outcomes (e.g. relationships and alcohol use). Interventions to reduce negative health behaviors given societal stressors should address key psychosocial and situational factors, including depressive symptoms and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]