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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant pathogen causing chronic gastric mucosal infections globally. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection was estimated at 43.1%, while in China, it was slightly higher at approximately 44.2%. Persistent colonization by H. pylori can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite eliciting robust immune responses from the host, H. pylori thrives in the gastric mucosa by modulating host immunity, particularly by altering the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, and dampening inflammatory responses adverse to its survival, posing challenges to clinical management. The interaction between H. pylori and host immune defenses is intricate, involving evasion of host recognition by modifying surface molecules, manipulating macrophage functionality, and modulating T cell responses to evade immune surveillance. This review analyzes the immunopathogenic and immune evasion mechanisms of H. pylori, underscoring the importance of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective treatment strategies, and discusses how the development of vaccines against H. pylori offers new hope for eradicating such infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, species distribution, and drug sensitivity of clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, China, from January 2017 to December 2022. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with clinically isolated NTM strains. Chi-square analysis assessed the rate of Mycobacterium strain isolation over 6 years. Results: The number of samples tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and/or NTM increased each year, while MTB detection decreased and NTM detection rose significantly each year (P=0.03). The average age of NTM patients was 51 ± 17.53 years, with a 14.1% HIV infection rate. The predominant isolates were Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAC) and M. chelonae/M. abscessus, with 96.4% of cases being of Han ethnicity. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were effective against M. avium and M. intracellulare; linezolid, amikacin, and cefoxitin were effective against M. chelonae/M. abscessus. Over 90% of NTM cases originated from the respiratory tract. Conclusion: The NTM isolation rate in Southwest China has risen in recent years, primarily among elderly patients with a high HIV co-infection rate. The main NTM isolates were MAC and M. chelonae/M. abscessus. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and linezolid exhibited strong antibacterial activity against SGM, while amikacin and linezolid displayed relatively better antibacterial activity against RGM. The prevalence of NTM infection may be positively associated with regional economic development and health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to provide a realistic observation of survival by major site for 48,866 cancer patients treated at a tertiary cancer hospital in a rural area of China. Methods: Patients with cancer registered between 2007 and 2017 in the Nantong rural area were followed up. The starting date for survival calculation was the date of the first diagnosis of cancer at the Nantong Tumor Hospital, and the closing date was December 31, 2020. Observed survival (OS) was analyzed according to ICD-10 site, sex, age, region, and hospitalization period using the life table method and compared using the Wilcoxon (Gehan) statistic. Results: The overall 5-year OS rate was 40.48% for all 48,866 patients, 30.19% for males, and 51.90% for females. The top five cancer sites, accounting for 60.51% of the total cases, were the esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, and cervix, with 5-year OS rates of 33.72%, 18.64%, 32.10%, 19.04%, and 71.51%, respectively. The highest 5-year OS was observed in the thyroid (87.52%) and the lowest was in the pancreas (6.37%). Survival was significantly higher in younger patients than in older patients, with 5-year OSs of 69.26% and 19.84% in those aged 20-29 and 90-99 years, respectively. Five-year OSs improved significantly from 39.35% in 2007-2011 to 41.26% in 2012-2017. Conclusion: Overall survival improved over the years, although the improvement at some sites was not significant. The observed survival varies from region to region, reflecting differences in the patterns of major sites, disparities in proportions of hospitalization, and demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect children's development, and their harm to health is pervasive throughout the life course. To identify ACEs and their risk factors in Chinese household with or without parental mental illness. A controlled study was conducted among 181 young adults with parental mental illness (positive group) and 201 demographically matched individuals without parental mental illness (negative group). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study the correlation between ACEs and their risk factors. The positive group suffered emotional abuse, domestic violence, bullying, and cumulative ACEs more frequently than the negative group. In the positive group, living in rural areas and having a low household economic status during childhood were identified as risk factors for cumulative ACEs, whereas a higher education level of the mother was a protective factor for cumulative ACEs in univariate analyses. Low household economic status remained an independent risk factor for cumulative ACEs in the positive group in multivariate analyses. Children living with parental mental illness are more vulnerable to ACEs, and our findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic factors in increasing the risk of ACEs. To alleviate the deleterious impact of parental mental illness on offspring, multidimensional supports are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease with high mortality. Rujin Jiedu powder (RJJD) has been clinically utilized for the treatment of ALI in China, but the active constituents in RJJD and its protective mechanisms against ALI are still unclear. Methodology: ALI mice were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS to test the effectiveness of RJJD in treating ALI. Histopathologic analysis was used to assess the extent of lung injury. An MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity assay was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration. Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential targets of RJJD against ALI. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining were performed to detect apoptotic cells in lung tissues. RAW264.7 and BEAS-2B cells were used to explore the protective mechanisms of RJJD and its components on ALI in vitro. The inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-18) in serum, BALF and cell supernatant were assayed using ELISA. Western blotting was performed to detect apoptosis-related markers in lung tissues and BEAS-2B cells. Results: RJJD ameliorated pathological injury and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of ALI mice and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and BALF. Network pharmacology investigations suggested that RJJD treated ALI via regulating apoptotic signaling pathways, with AKT1 and CASP3 as crucial targets and PI3K-AKT signaling as the main pathway. Meanwhile, baicalein, daidzein, quercetin and luteolin were identified as key constituents in RJJD targeting on the above crucial targets. Experimental investigations showed that RJJD significantly upregulated the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and Bcl-2, downregulated the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in ALI mice, and attenuated lung tissue apoptosis. Four active constituents in RJJD (baicalein, daidzein, quercetin and luteolin) inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPSinduced RAW264.7 cells. Among these components, daidzein and luteolin activated the PI3K-AKT pathway and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related markers induced by LPS in BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion: RJJD alleviates the inflammatory storm and prevents apoptosis in the lungs of ALI mice. The mechanism of RJJD in treating ALI is related to the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of RJJD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite remote sensing has been widely utilized for petroleum detection offshore since oil spill is normally widespread. However, the onshore hydrocarbon detection is insufficient because the lower spectral resolution of previous satellites made it difficult to identify small scales of seepages. In this study, a dataset of the High-Resolution 5 satellite (GF-5) of China was chosen to directly detect hydrocarbon seeps in the Karamay area. First, an IDL program was used to remove the vertical tripe noise of the image to ensure the high quality of the image. Second, use principal component analysis (PCA) was combined with the classification and regression trees (CART) method RuleGen to process the image. The detected hydrocarbon information was enhanced by RGB color synthesis. The results show that the methods can detect hydrocarbon effectively. Field verification results show that the accuracy is 86.5%. This study provides an effective method for hydrocarbon detection using GF-5 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel failure caused due to geologic heterogeneity and variability in both mining processes and tunnel arrangement in deep metal mines is very complex. In this paper, a quantitative risk assessment for deep tunnel failure was conducted using clustering and logistic regression. The study was performed by considering various representative evaluation indexes of geological conditions, mining disturbance, and microseismic (MS) data. Comprehensive Seismic Event Clustering (CSEC) methodology was used to analyse the MS data to filter noise data and identify seismic sources. Additionally, peak particle velocity (PPV) was used to quantitatively evaluate the influence of MS activities on the response of tunnel which would aid in determining the PPV distribution characteristics of a large regional tunnel. Furthermore, Excavation Vulnerability Potential (EVP) index was used to quantitatively evaluate the effect of site conditions on response of the tunnel. Thus, based on logistic regression, PPV and EVP were used to establish a risk assessment model to determine the tunnel damage levels and probability of damage occurrence. The successful application of the proposed method at the Ashele copper mine demonstrates that it is capable of conducting a risk assessment for tunnel failure in deep metal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive clinical role of neurofilament light chain (NfL), amyloid-β (Aβ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181) proteins in human aqueous humor (AH) and quantify the retinal macular microvascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as early diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: This prospective, single-site, cross-sectional, cohort study enrolled 55 participants, including 38 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and 17 individuals with senile cataracts. The singlemolecule array platform was used to quantitatively measure the levels of AH NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and p-tau181 proteins in AH. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was used to assess the global cognitive function. OCTA scan with 6 × 6 mm macular area was used to quantify the retinal thickness and microvascular densities of superficial retinal capillary plexuses and deep retinal capillary plexuses. Results: NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and p-tau181 were detected in all AH samples by Simoa platform. Individuals with cataract had higher concentrations of NfL and p-tau181 but lower Aβ40 and Aβ42 and similar GFAP compared to those with nAMD. Lower MMSE scores showed a negative correlation with NfL concentration of AH not only in the nAMD group (p = 0.043), but also in the cataract group (p = 0.032). However, the MMSE scores were not associated with the levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, or p-Tau181. Further analysis found that the Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations showed a strong positive correlation (p < 0.0001). In addition, the NfL concentration showed a mild positive correlation with that of GFAP in the cataract group (p = 0.021). Although it has not reached statistical significance, there was a correlation between the levels of NfL and Aβ42 in the nAMD group (p = 0.051). Moreover, the macular superficial vessel density values had a negative correlation with the concentration of NfL (p = 0.004) but a positive correlation with MMSE scores (p = 0.045). The macular deep vessel density values were negatively correlated with the concentration of p-tau181 (p = 0.031) and positively correlated with MMSE scores (p = 0.020). Conclusion: The examination of AD-related biomarkers in human AH and OCTA may improve the ocular-based AD detection methods and contribute to forestalling the progression of preclinical AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the rapid construction of China's transportation and the integration of urban and rural development, a large network of different transportation modes, such as roads, railways, waterways, and aviation, have formed in urban and rural areas. The multi-mode coordinated planning of transportation has therefore become a new trend in the integration of urban and rural transportation, promoting the common development of urban and rural areas. Based on this, this paper uses multi-source data information to explore the coordinated development and planning of different modes of urban and rural transportation and takes GIS software as a tool to coordinate the development between urban and rural transportation planning and production, life, ecology and cultural elements in urban and rural space for the purpose of evaluating the traffic needs of different modes in urban and rural space. Wuxue City is taken as an example to analyze the shortcomings of the current urban and rural transportation coordination, and accordingly proposes a four-pronged coordinated traffic planning strategy: road network structure, hub layout, information service, and public transport optimization. Spatially, this paper intends to find out a new approach of coordinated planning of urban and rural multi-mode transportation which can promote the integrated development of urban and rural transportation and set a good example for the development of urban and rural transportation in other similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital twin is considered the central component of modern industry. It has been adopted in many industrial fields. However, its application in nuclear engineering is very rare, especially for the radioactive waste deposits winch is an urgent and tricky issue. Motivated by this demand and considering China's research & development guidelines for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (a three-step strategy by 2050 to construct the radioactive waste repository), a framework of the radioactive waste repository digital twin is proposed. The digital twin uses the framework edge + cloud with a multi-layer structure. It can be adopted in the construction of the radioactive waste repository. It can significantly strengthen the management capability, reduce the operating cost, improve the safety level and deal with accidents more efficiently. The first step for the achievement for the digital twin development of radioactive waste repository based on the framework is also introduced in the paper. The proposed digital twin framework of the radioactive waste repository in this work could be widely used as a reference and easily extended to support management in other industrial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to invasions by various pestiferous organisms. Bactrocera dorsalis is one of the invasive insect pests on fruits and vegetables in southern China, gradually spreading northward in past decades. To clarify its risk to damage to the northern fruits, the performance and fitness of the first and third reared generations of B. dorsalis were studied with two-sex life table on northern fruits (apples and peaches as dominant fruits) and southern fruit (oranges as appropriate host). Furthermore, the preference of host and oviposition selection were also conducted in laboratory experiments. Also, the CLIMEX model was used to comprehensively assess its potential risk in northern orchards. It was found that B. dorsalis had high fitness on peaches and good-performance on apples within first and third generations. This implies that peaches and apples are liable to become one of its most favorable hosts in northern orchards. The simulation based on CLIMEX model showed B. dorsalis had a high population growth potential in summer and autumn in some regions of northern China, where the life cycle can be completed and two simulated occurrence peaks last two to three months from early June to late July and from mid-late August to early September, long enough to cause serious harm. Projection for its distribution by 2080 indicated that the suitable area for B. dorsalis would further expand northward. Innate ability of B. dorsalis in flight, adaptability and wide range of hosts is conducive to its diffusion into new habitats, and external causes including harm concealment within fruits, frequent transportation were also discussed. Therefore, monitoring of B. dorsalis occurrence in northern orchards is necessary, combined with strict quarantine and control efforts, to avoid its further expansion and the consequent economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawn upon optimum stimulation level theory, and in view of the impact of mobile terminal usage on tourist decision-making, the present study aims to investigate how personality (i.e., sensation seeking) influences tourist trip planning behavior (i.e., tourist planfulness) in the mobile era. A sample of 344 respondents in China completed measures of sensation seeking, travel risk perception, smartphone usage, as well as tourist planfulness. Results indicated that sensation seeking was negatively associated with tourist planfulness and travel risk perception partially mediated this association. Besides, both the direct effect of sensation seeking on tourist planfulness and the indirect effect of travel risk perception were moderated by smartphone usage, in that these effects were stronger for tourists with a high-level of smartphone usage than those with low-level smartphone usage. This study can significantly advance existing research on tourist behavior from the perspective of personality and reconfiguring our traditional understanding on tourist decision-making in the mobile era. Our study may also provide indicative support for theoretical perspective that information technology is changing customer behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a major source of mortality in China. Convincing evidence has demonstrated that the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is correlated with lowering ASCVD risk. The efficacy of lifestyle management in lipid levels reduction has been confirmed in numerous studies. However, considering that low compliance to lifestyle management has limited the benefits of lowering lipid levels, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is proposed as a solution to improve clinical outcomes. The objective of this trial is to compare the LDL-C outcome in ASCVD patients receiving mobile device-based CBT to a control group, with both groups under standard pharmacological treatments.Methods: This trial is designed as a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up. Mean LDL-C level and the percentage of different LDL-C levels, coefficient of variation of LDL, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEs), quality of life index (QL-index), etc., between the two groups at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months will be measured.Discussion: This trial should demonstrate that the implementation of mobile-based CBT intervention will be potentially effective in lowering LDL-C levels in ASCVD patients.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR2100046775 ) [registered: 2021/5/28]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of studies indicating an essential role of the lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) at the genetic, biochemical, and cellular pathway levels. In this study, we investigated the association between rare variants in lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) genes and Chinese mainland PD. Methods: We explored the association between rare variants of 69 LSD genes and PD in 3,879 patients and 2,931 controls from Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Multicenter Database and Collaborative Network in China (PD-MDCNC) using next-generation sequencing, which were analyzed by using the optimized sequence kernel association test. Results: We identified the significant burden of rare putative LSD gene variants in Chinese mainland patients with PD. This association was robust in familial or sporadic early-onset patients after excluding the GBA variants but not in sporadic late-onset patients. The burden analysis of variant sets in genes of LSD subgroups revealed a suggestive significant association between variant sets in genes of sphingolipidosis deficiency disorders and familial or sporadic early-onset patients. In contrast, variant sets in genes of sphingolipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, and post-translational modification defect disorders were suggestively associated with sporadic late-onset patients. Then, SMPD1 and other four novel genes (i.e., GUSB, CLN6, PPT1 , and SCARB2) were suggestively associated with sporadic early-onset or familial patients, whereas GALNS and NAGA were suggestively associated with late-onset patients. Conclusion: Our findings supported the association between LSD genes and PD and revealed several novel risk genes in Chinese mainland patients with PD, which confirmed the importance of lysosomal mechanisms in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, we identified the genetic heterogeneity in early-onset and late-onset of patients with PD, which may provide valuable suggestions for the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A framework of TC wind hazard assessment based on the probability density evolution method integrated with the change-of-measure technique is proposed. • The high efficiency of the proposed framework in assessing the TC wind hazard at multiple locations is validated. • The sensitivity of the TC wind hazard to controlling random variables is analyzed. • The TC wind hazard on the southeast coast of China is assessed. The tropical cyclone (TC) wind hazard assessment formulates a change-of-random-variable problem, which maps the probability space of controlling parameters to that of the TC-induced wind. This study presents a framework for analyzing the TC wind hazard based on the probability density evolution method (PDEM) integrated with the change of probability measure (COM). It is advantageous in the problem of assessing the TC wind hazards at multiple locations over the traditional approach because a common set of representative deterministic solutions of physical equations can be re-used for all locations rather than solving a separate set of solutions at each location. The proposed method is applied to estimate the wind hazard on the Chinese southeast coastline. The common representative deterministic points are selected by the generalized-F-discrepancy-based method with the probability distributions of controlling parameters at Shantou. Based on the COM, the geographical dependence of probabilistic characteristics is represented by changing the assigned probability. The PDEM is incorporated to evaluate the propagation of randomness from the input-controlling parameters to the TC-induced surface wind. The comparison to the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a model for predicting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity evolution by utilizing the conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (CWGAN-GP) for TC-related risk assessment. The TC intensity evolution is treated as a random variable, which is the output of a nonlinear system conditioned on a series of input random variables that characterize both the TC state (e.g., translation speed and potential intensity) and environment (e.g., vertical wind shear and ocean mixed layer depth). To represent the high-dimensional non-Gaussian probabilistic characteristics, the system is modeled by the CWGAN-GP and calibrated concerning the dataset of 1010 historical TCs from the western North Pacific basin. The over-ocean and overland branches of the model are calibrated separately and then merged. The suitability of the established model is validated by comparing the predicted TC intensity to the observations and the results of existing models such as those based on linear regression. Numerical results indicate that the proposed model successfully replicates the probabilistic properties such as the non-Gaussian marginal distribution of the intensity change and the input-output joint distribution and moments between the TC intensity and predictors, which the linear regression model cannot provide. Further application examples are also carried out by using the model to simulate the evolution of historical TC events and the extreme TC intensities in Southern China, demonstrating its potential role in the TC hazard assessment. • A deep-learning model for predicting tropical cyclone intensity evolution is proposed. • The CWGAN-GP is used to model TC intensity change every 6 h conditioned on environmental variables. • Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model can replicate the probabilistic properties of TC intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • VNS spectroscopy are used to investigate mineralogy and geochemistry of drill cores rapidly and non-destructively. • K-M values are negatively correlated with Fe 2 O 3 , Fe3+/Fe2+, TOC, and carbonates, and positively with clay and kaolinite. • Redox is found to be the key U enrichment factor, and kaolinite and organic matter may cause limited U enrichment. The Qianjiadian deposit is the first late Mesozoic–Cenozoic sandstone-type uranium deposit discovered in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. It remains uncertain whether high-temperature hydrothermal fluid or low-temperature groundwater dominated the mineralization process that led to uranium enrichment in this deposit. We investigated the gamma ray intensity and semi-quantitative mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of drill cores from the Qianjiadian deposit. A total of 60 gamma ray anomalies were identified; most of these anomalies are associated with negative Fe 2 O 3 and Fe3+/Fe2+ anomalies, four are associated with positive total organic carbon (TOC) anomalies, and none are associated with positive carbonate (calcite + dolomite) anomalies. The absence of positive carbonate anomalies, together with low kaolinite crystallinities, rules out the influence of high-temperature fluid on uranium enrichment. The dominant negative Fe 2 O 3 and Fe3+/Fe2+ anomalies and the occurrence of pyrite in thin section and gray-red sandstone and native sulfur in some U-rich drill cores indicate that redox reactions in low-temperature groundwater may have been the principal control on uranium enrichment. In addition, two gamma ray anomalies are associated with positive TOC, Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe3+/Fe2+ anomalies and another two are associated only with positive kaolinite anomalies, suggesting that carbonaceous debris and kaolinite could also cause limited uranium enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detrital ilmenite and its altered minerals are common in sandstone-hosted U deposits in the northern Ordos Basin, north China. Petrographic observation, SEM-EDS, EMPA, and LA-MC-ICP-MS were utilized to characterize the spatial relationship between altered ilmenite and the U minerals, and to investigate the U enrichment mechanism and alteration processes of ilmenite. Ilmenite was completely or partially altered to leucoxene and anatase along its rim and crack in ore-bearing sandstone. Framboidal and cement pyrite of BSR and TSR origin were identified around altered ilmenite. Two U phases closely related to altered ilmenite contain Ti-coffinite (I) and coffinite (II). These data indicate that ilmenite alteration and the associated processes of U enrichment can be divided into two stages. Stage one involves U pre-enrichment and adsorption, with stage two involving U enrichment via TiO2 (leucoxene and anatase) catalytic reduction. Ilmenite was altered into porous leucoxene that can adsorb U as uraniferous leucoxene and Ti-coffinite (I) and framboidal pyrite directly by reactions with H2S, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria during synsedimentary and early diagenesis stages. Altered ilmenite can enrich U in the form of coffinite (II) through a catalytic reduction reaction which is triggered by β and γ radiation produced by previously adsorbed U during the uplift of ore-bearing bed in the Late Cretaceous period. In addition, cement pyrite can also reduce U6+ into U4+ which deposits on its surface in the form of coffinite (II). These results demonstrate a new mechanism, mediated by adsorption and catalytic reduction, to enrich U in sandstone-hosted U deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new typhoon hazard analysis method is presented by introducing the probability density evolution theory. In the suggested method, the randomness in the typhoon occurrence is represented by the combination of a homogeneous Poisson process and a joint probability density function for both the typhoon genesis time and the genesis position. Then a set of physical models, including a typhoon intensity model, a typhoon track model and a boundary layer wind field model, is introduced to describe the typhoon process. The typhoon intensity model with high efficiency is used to simulate the evolution of typhoon intensity given the environmental variables. The typhoon motion is simulated by the beta-advection model where the steering flow is the linear combination of the large-scale flows at 850 hPa and 250 hPa, and the beta drift is solved from the non-divergent barotropic vorticity equation. At last, the typhoon induced surface wind at the interested engineering site is calculated with the help of a three-dimensional non-linear boundary layer wind field model. On the basis of the above physical models, the generalized density evolution equation is adopted to solve the probability distribution of the annual maximum typhoon surface wind speeds. The typhoon surface wind speeds associated with specified recurrence intervals are estimated consequently. As an example, the typhoon hazard at ten selected cities on the southeast coast of China is assessed. The surface wind records from the observation stations are collected to estimate the cumulative distribution function of the annual maximum wind and are compared to the analyzed results. The good comparison between the historical records and the analyzed results demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed method. • Physical models are used to generate the synthetic history of typhoon. • The probability density evolution theory is used to investigate the propagation of randomness. • The proposed method is used to assess the typhoon hazard of several cities on the southeast coast of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the North China block has been well documented in terms of magmatic activity, geophysical investigations, and numerical modeling, but the timing of its onset along the eastern Asian margin and the tectonic processes involved remain poorly understood. We have now reconstructed the structural evolution and sedimentation of the Shihuiyao-Gangzidian-Yuantai region of the southern Liaodong Peninsula, on the overriding plate at the eastern Asian margin, using geologic mapping, borehole data sets, field structural studies, and zircon geochronology. In the Shihuiyao area, based on geologic mapping and drilling, top-to-the-NW thrust faults truncated earlier top-to-the-NE reverse faults and then were subsequently overprinted by normal faults. In the Gangzidian area, geologic mapping and 40 boreholes allowed us to construct eight cross sections revealing the top-to-the-WNW/W thrust faults from the surface to a depth of at least 0.5 km; the sections show that the thrust faults extend to the basement and that subsequent normal faults dip subvertically. In the Yuantai thrust system, the top-to-the-NW thrusts, expressed as four tectonic windows and a duplex on the map scale, were intruded by late porphyry and diabase sills. Integration of the data from the three study areas allowed us to identify one angular unconformity and at least two phases of later deformation (D1 and D2). The pre-D1 unconformity is marked by a foreland basin that was filled with Middle Jurassic clastic rocks that unconformably overlie the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian basement. The D1 deformation is represented by NE-SW-striking thrust faults that displaced Neoproterozoic or Cambrian strata onto the Middle Jurassic strata. The D2 deformation is defined by kilometer-scale, high-angle normal faults with variable dips and strikes. Although three samples from the Middle Jurassic clastic rocks did not yield ideal maximum deposition ages (MDAs; ca. 246 Ma), a porphyry dike and a diabase sill that intruded the Yuantai thrust system and remain undeformed yielded zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 124 and 117 Ma, respectively. Detrital zircon geochronology yielded a MDA of ca. 129 Ma for Cretaceous deposits in graben structures with hanging walls formed by D2 normal faults. Thus, the D1 and D2 deformation events can be constrained to the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively (D1 between ca. 174 and 124 Ma, and D2 after ca. 129 Ma). The provenance of the detritus in the Middle Jurassic Wafangdian Formation suggests that the deposits in the retroarc foreland basin had a source in a thrust sheet of the Paleoproterozoic basement, but the source of deposits in a minigraben (D2) was possibly the nearby Neoproterozoic rocks. Therefore, we reconstructed the retroarc foreland basin and fold-and-thrust belt of the southern Liaodong Peninsula in terms of a subduction margin and constrained a Toarcian-Aptian (ca. 174-124 Ma) age for the onset of paleo-Pacific plate subduction. We interpret the foreland basin system and the subsequent synconvergent extension to have been the result of slab flattening and rollback during episodic subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZIF-90 nanoparticles with different particle sizes were synthesized. • pH- and α-amylase-responsive nanocarriers were successfully prepared. • β-CD-NH 2 surface coating reduced the photodegradation of indoxacarb. • IDC@ZIF-90-CD was able to disrupt the intestinal cells of red imported fire ants. • IDC@ZIF-90-CD affected amino acid metabolic pathways in red imported fire ants. The invasion area of red imported fire ants (RIFAs) in China continues to expand due to factors such as ecological changes and human activities, and the resulting damage is becoming increasingly severe. The development of smart nanopesticides that respond to environmental stimuli response with precisely controlled release has great potential in improving insecticidal effects. In this work, a smart pH and α-amylase dual stimuli-responsive pesticide delivery system was constructed by combining mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-NH 2) with zeolitic imidazole skeleton-90 (ZIF-90) nanoparticles (IDC@ZIF-90-CD) loaded with indoxacarb. The average particle size of the prepared IDC@ZIF-90-CD was 249 nm, and the loading efficiency was 18.43%. The β-CD-NH 2 coating on the surface of nanoparticles reduced the photodegradation of indoxacarb and prevented the premature release of the active ingredient. In vitro release kinetics showed that IDC@ZIF-90-CD rapidly released IDC under acidic and amylase conditions, consistent with the oral and intestinal environment of RIFAs. The results of bioactivity tests showed that IDC@ZIF-90-CD enhanced the toxicity of IDC toward RIFAs by increasing feeding and damaging intestinal cells. The mortality rate of the IDC@ZIF-90-CD-treated group was significantly higher than that of the IDC EC-treated group at 72 h. The nontargeted metabolomic results showed that IDC@ZIF-90-CD affected the metabolism of RIFAs by interfering with the metabolic pathways of six amino acids and one amino acid transport carrier, whereas IDC EC interfered with only two of these amino acid metabolic pathways. Overall, this work provides insight into the effective control of RIFA damage for sustainable pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Data on long-term tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy for pregnant women with active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (immune clearance and reactivation phases, currently and previously diagnosed) and their infants are lacking., Methods: Pregnant women with active CHB treated with TAF and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were enrolled in this multicenter prospective study, and infants received immunoprophylaxis. The primary outcomes were rates of adverse (safety) events in pregnant women and defects in infants and fetuses. The secondary outcomes were virologic responses in pregnant women, infants' safety, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status, and growth conditions., Results: One hundred three and 104 pregnant women were enrolled and 102 and 104 infants were born in the TAF and TDF groups, respectively. In the TAF group, the mean age, gestational age, alanine aminotransferase level, and viral loads at treatment initiation were 29.3 years, 1.3 weeks, 122.2 U/L, and 5.1 log 10 IU/mL, respectively. TAF was well-tolerated, and the most common adverse event was nausea (29.1%) during a mean of 2 years of treatment. Notably, 1 (1.0%) TAF-treated pregnant woman underwent induced abortion due to noncausal fetal cleft lip and palate. No infants in either group had birth defects. In the TAF group, the hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rate was 20.7% at postpartum month 6, infants had normal growth parameters, and no infants were positive for HBsAg at 7 months. The TDF group had comparable safety and effectiveness profiles., Conclusions: TAF administered throughout or beginning in early pregnancy is generally safe and effective for pregnant women with active CHB and their infants., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Recent researches on Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis discovered the correlation between PD and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) dysfunction and reduction of PPARGC1A gene expression. Hence, we detected PPARGC1A rare variants to clarify their effect on PD risk in a large population of PD patients in mainland China., Methods: We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) to 1917 patients with early-onset or familial PD and 1652 controls (WES cohort), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to 1962 patients with sporadic late-onset PD and 1279 controls (WGS cohort). To identify PPARGC1A rare variants, we used burden analysis to assess the relationship between PPARGC1A rare variants and PD susceptibility., Results: 30 rare missense variants in the cohort WES and 21 missense variants in the cohort WGS have been detected in the study and PPARGC1A missense variants are significantly associated with early-onset and familial PD susceptibility in our study (P = 0.012), which supports evidence that PPARGC1A rare variants are involved in the onset of early-onset and familial PD., Conclusions: The study suggested that PPARGC1A rare variants may contribute to the risk of early-onset and familial PD., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japan Society of Human Genetics.)

Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism of NTN1 and subtypes of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Han Chinese Population., Design: Initially, we selected three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs4791331, rs4791774 and rs9891446) in NTN1 from previous genetic studies. Then we recruited two Han Chinese cohorts (2004 cases and 1823 controls) and divided cases into subgroups: non-syndromic right-side cleft lip, non-syndromic left-side cleft lip, non-syndromic bilateral cleft lip and non-syndromic cleft lip with palate to further evaluate the associations between the subtypes of NSCL/P and SNPs in NTN1. PLINK and Haploview program were utilized to analyze the data., Results: In the association analysis under additive model, we found that G allele at rs9891446 could specifically increase the risk of right-side cleft lip (P = 0.0073, OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.1-1.88), which was consistent with the results of association analysis under genotypic model., Conclusion: This study showed that rs9891446 of NTN1 was specifically associated with right-side cleft lip in Han Chinese, which indicates that different subtypes of non-syndromic cleft lip have distinct genetic background., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations are a major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. The pathogenic variant, PSEN1 p.G417S, has been reported to be associated with spastic paraparesis and cotton wool plaques in Japan. Here, we report a 3 generation Chinese pedigree that included 10 patients presenting with early-onset and rapid progression of parkinsonism with cognitive impairment in their third or fourth decade of life. Three additional living patients developed different degrees of cognitive impairment, without movement disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed white matter hyperintensities, multiple microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Whole exome sequencing analysis of the proband detected the mutation, p.G417S, in PSEN1, which was completely co-segregated with the disease phenotype within the family by Sanger sequencing. 3D protein structures predicted that the mutation might influence contact with the lipid membrane and the interaction with beta-catenin. Our study provides insights into the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and imaging associated with mutations in PSEN1., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Children of parents with mental illness (COPMI) are vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial impacts of the pandemic and identify potential factors influencing their mental health., Method: 665 COPMI from six sites including Wuhan in China were enrolled. COPMI's mental health and the impacts of COVID-19 were assessed by an online survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between impact factors and participants' mental health., Results: 16.1 % of participants were in abnormal range of mental health, with interpersonal relationship being the most common problem. 48.6 % of participants reported quite worried about the epidemic. All aspects of adverse effects of COVID-19 were more prevalent among COPMI in Wuhan than in other sites. Concerns about COVID-19 (OR = 1.7, p = 0.02), decreased family income (OR = 2.0, p = 0.02), being physically abused (OR = 2.1, p = 0.04), witnessing family members being physically abused (OR = 2.0, p = 0.03), and needs for promoting family members' mental health (OR = 2.2, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for participants' mental health., Conclusion: The findings raise our awareness of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of COPMI. Multifaceted psychosocial support for COPMI is urgently needed to support them live through the pandemic., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The present study evaluated the curative efficacy of Chinese herbal injection on unstable angina pectoris( UAP) by network Meta-analysis. The databases,including Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trial( RCT) of Chinese herbal injection in the treatment of UAP. All researchers independently screened the articles,extracted the data and evaluated the quality. Open BUGS and Stata were employed for the analysis of the trials that met the quality standards. Fifty-eight studies were finally included in this study,involving 20 intervention measures. In terms of the effective rate,16 injections such as Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection and Danshen Injection combined with western medicine exhibited significant efficacy. In terms of ECG,Puerarin Injection,Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection( GDI),Breviscapine Injection combined with western medicine were superior to western medicine. In terms of the reduction of the angina attack times,Sodium Tanshinone ⅡASulfonate Injection,GDI and Dazhu Hongjingtian Injection combined with western medicine showed better effects than western medicine. In terms of shortening the angina duration,Shenmai Injection combined with western medicine was superior to western medicine. As revealed by the results,Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection,Danshen Injection,Breviscapine Injection,Danshen Ligustrazine Injection combined with western medicine displayed prominent curative efficacy,which were recommended for clinical application. Meanwhile,appropriate intervention measures should be selected according to individual conditions. Limited by the quality of the included trials,the conclusions still need to be further verified.