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This study delves into the efficiency and structure of the social organization network involved in flood disaster management in China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Leveraging the global knowledge graph, we analyzed social media data and news reports to identify the pivotal roles and interactions of various social organization types in flood disaster governance. The empirical findings underscore the central role of national public social organizations, evidenced by their high frequency of news coverage and mentions. Meanwhile, International Social Organizations and Local Public Social Organizations exhibit growing influence and participation. As China shifts toward a comprehensive disaster reduction strategy, the study observes increased diversity and decentralization among these organizations, with nongovernmental organizations and volunteer groups playing vital roles in resource mobilization, information dissemination, and disaster coordination. Network analysis unveils evolving interaction patterns and co-occurrence frequencies among social organizations, reflecting the evolving roles of different organization types in disaster relief. This research aims to provide actionable insights to enhance the effectiveness of social organizations in disaster management, contributing to the establishment of a more resilient and efficient disaster management framework in the GBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have fully discussed the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and achievement, but few of them regarded urban–rural differences as the moderating factor, which is an essential issue in urban–rural educational equalization in terms of educational outcomes. This study discusses the urban–rural heterogeneous effect of family SES on achievement and manifests the mediating role of education-related cultural factors. Based on the China Education Panel Survey data of 18,672 junior high school students, this study found the following: (1) family SES had a weaker positive effect among rural children than among urban children; (2) the urban–rural heterogeneous effect could be mediated by education-related cultural factors, i.e., learning environments and beliefs; and (3) in this regard, contemporary China is experiencing cultural reproduction rather than a cultural mobility mode. In Conclusion, although the urban–rural achievement gap will be maintained or even expanded in China, improving rural children's learning environments and beliefs opens up the possibility of alleviating disadvantages in achievement resulting from family socioeconomic disadvantages. Therefore, narrowing down the urban–rural achievement gap from a cultural perspective provides policy implications for educational development in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive relationships between structural diversity and forest productivity have been documented in controlled experiments and early secondary forests, however, negative relationships have also been observed in late successional forests. The mechanisms causing observed relationships between structural diversity and productivity are not well‐established, but complementarity among crowns and asymmetric competition have been suggested.We used LiDAR and repeated census data to examine the relationship between canopy structural diversity and productivity in nine 1‐ha subtropical forest plots along a disturbance gradient in southeastern China. We quantified the relative importance of community composition, species diversity, canopy structural diversity, leaf area index (LAI) and disturbance regime on productivity using piecewise structural equation modelling. We also tested how vertical leaf area distribution affected productivity.Contrary to many prior observations, we found a negative relationship between canopy structural diversity and forest productivity. The negative effect may stem from asymmetric competition between overstorey and understorey leaves, leading to a lower leaf area efficiency (i.e. wood production per leaf area). Asymmetric competition was suggested by a negative relationship between understorey leaf area and total productivity. Changes in community composition over the disturbance gradient, but not species diversity, had a significant effect on productivity.Synthesis. Our study suggests that leaf area and canopy structural diversity have contrasting effects on productivity in this subtropical forest, and this needs to be considered when estimating rates of carbon sequestration in secondary forests. The negative effect of asymmetric competition on productivity is comparable to that of the shift in species composition over succession, highlighting the role of canopy structural diversity in shaping forest productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies on the effect of vaccine type and two other vaccines other than inactivated vaccines approved in China on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes are rare. To complement and confirm the existing findings, this research aimed to investigate whether there are adverse effects of different vaccine types in females and males on reproductive function and clinical pregnancy., Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 6,455 fresh embryo transfer cycles at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 1, 2021, and October 31, 2022. The primary outcome is the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). At the same time, the secondary results are the number of oocytes retrieved, two pronuclei (2PN) rate, blastocyst formation rate, high-quality blastocyst rate, and semen parameters (volume, density, sperm count, forward motility rate, total motility rate, immobility rate, and DNA fragment index (DFI) rate)., Results: In the comparison of ovarian stimulation indicators, no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in Gn days, endometrial thickness, 2PN rate, metaphase 2 (MII) rate, high-quality embryo rate, and blastocyst formation rate. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in age, body mass index (BMI), education level, and semen parameters (volume, density, sperm count, forward motility rate, total motility rate, immobility rate, and DFI rate) in these four groups. The multivariate regression model showed that neither the types of vaccines nor the vaccination status of both infertile couples significantly affected clinical pregnancy., Discussion: The type of vaccine does not appear to have an unfavorable effect on ovarian stimulation, embryo development, semen parameters, and clinical pregnancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Wang, Yao, Su and Qi.)

Ischemic stroke, one of the prevalent causes of death and disability worldwide, is linked to environmental and genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene involved in homocysteine metabolism. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the MTHFR C677T variant, plasma homocysteine, and risk of developing large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (LAAIS) among Han Chinese. A population-based case-control study, which included 1810 patients with LAAIS and 1765 unrelated control subjects, was conducted. Compared to the controls, LAAIS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P < .001), as well as significantly higher mean fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and plasma homocysteine levels (P < .001). The TT homozygous genotype correlated with increased risk of developing LAAIS, as indicated by a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) compared to the CT and CC genotypes, in both additive (OR = 3.215, P = .01) and recessive models (OR = 3.265, P = .01). The plasma homocysteine level was genotype-dependent according to the following trend: TT > CT > CC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in spite of its low prevalence in both patients and controls (1.5% vs 0.8%), the MTHFR C677T variant could, at least in part, affect homocysteine levels and this, either alone or in combination with other factors, increases the risk of LAAIS., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The harm of air pollution to public health has become a research hotspot, especially atmospheric fine-particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). In recent years, epidemiological investigations have confirmed that PM 2.5 is closely related to chronic kidney disease and membranous nephropathy Basic research has demonstrated that PM 2.5 has an impact on the normal function of the kidneys through accumulation in the kidney, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal renin-angiotensin system, and immune complex deposition. Moreover, the mechanism of PM 2.5 damage to the kidney involves inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, and autophagy. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the effects of PM 2.5 on kidney disease in human and animal studies, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.

Introduction: Circulating intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels include full-length (1-84) PTH and long C-PTH fragments, but primarily (7-84) PTH, which have been reported to have antagonistic effects on the bones and kidneys. However, their effects on the cardiovascular system remain unclear. In this study, the relationships between the plasma PTH fragments levels and heart rate variability (HRV) in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) patients are explored. Furthermore, the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the above indices are investigated., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 164 healthy controls and 354 CKD5 patients, including 208 secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) subgroup with PTX, were enrolled. Circulating (7-84) PTH levels were calculated by subtracting plasma (1-84) PTH levels from iPTH levels. The HRV parameters were measured using a 24-hour Holter., Results: The baseline levels of plasma iPTH, (1-84) PTH, and (7-84) PTH in the CKD5 patients were 930.40 (160.65, 1792.50) pg/mL, 448.60 (99.62, 850.45) pg/mL, and 468.20 (54.22, 922.55) pg/mL, respectively. In the CKD5 patients, plasma (1-84) PTH levels were independently correlated with the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and the standard deviation of the five-minute average of the normal R-R intervals (SDANN). With a median follow up time of 6.50 months after PTX in the SHPT patients ( n  = 30), improved SDNN and SDANN markers were related with decreased (1-84) PTH levels. Furthermore, an improved SDNN was related with decreased (7-84) PTH levels., Conclusions: The CKD5 patients' baseline (1-84) PTH levels were correlated with the SDNN and SDANN. After PTX, an improved SDNN was related with decreased (1-84) PTH and (7-84) PTH levels, while improved SDANN was related with decreased (1-84) PTH levels. No antagonistic effects of (1-84) PTH and (7-84) PTH on HRV were found in the CKD5 patients.