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A type of polyester-based self-matting waterborne polyurethane (ESMWPU) with an excellent matte effect of 0.8° and transmittance of 78.5% for PVC artificial leather was synthesized. The influence of synthesis parameters, including R value, crosslinking and hydrophilic group content, on coating gloss and transmittance was investigated. Meanwhile, the properties necessary for applying water-based resins to plasticized PVC were detailed. The results demonstrated that R value, crosslinking degree and hydrophilic group content synergistically decided the morphological changes of latex particles during their film-forming process in three aspects: particle stiffness, three-dimensional structure and particle size, respectively. With optimized parameters of R = 1.9, TMP = 2 wt% and DMPA = 1.75 wt%, ESMWPU latex particles stabilized their spherical shapes without collapsing in the film-forming process and created a rough surface, resulting in a matte effect. In terms of application performance, good wetting and adhesion for ESMWPU to a plasticized PVC surface was achieved with a 2 wt% leveling agent load. Moreover, due to the high cohesion energy of ester bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, this type of polyester-based ESMWPU also depicted admirable thermal adhesion resistance. All aforementioned results distinctly demonstrate a feasible yet promising paradigm for applying ESMWPU on PVC artificial leather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress (HS) is directly correlated with mammary gland dysfunction and the hypothalamic-pituitary-mammary gland (HPM) axis is involved in regulating stress responses and lactation in dairy cows. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play major roles in regulating transcription and post-transcription but their expression in the HPM axis of dairy cows under HS is still unclear. In the present study, we performed RNA sequencing to identify diferentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, DE microRNAs(miRNAs) and DEmRNAs, and performed bioinformatics analysis on those in HPM axis-related tissues of heat-stressed and normal cows. A total of 1680, 1112 and 521 DEcircRNAs, 120, 493 and 108 DEmiRNAs, 274, 6475 and 3134 DEmRNAs were identified in the hypothalamic, pituitary, and mammary gland tissues, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway is potentially a key pathway. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks related to HS response and lactation regulation were established in three tissues. In conclusion, our results indicate that HS induces differential circRNA expression profiles in HPM axis-related tissues, and the predicted ceRNA network provides a molecular basis for regulating the stress response and lactation regulation in heat-stressed dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coefficient of variation (CV value) and hairiness value are important parameters used to assess cotton yarn quality. In order to accurately monitor yarn quality during production, we use online yarn quality detection as the input data of artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MLR) model, based on data collected by the electronic yarn clearer in the winding process as a novel concept. A prediction model of offline CV value and hairiness value was established, and the prediction performance of the two models was compared. The results show that the correlation coefficients of the offline CV values predicted by the ANN model reached 0.9832 and 0.9658 (bobbin and cheese yarn), which were much higher than the MLR model's correlation coefficients of 0.8352 and 0.7877. Furthermore, the importance of online detection data for the prediction of CV value was analyzed. For hairiness value prediction, the correlation coefficients for bobbin and cheese yarn were above 0.923. In fact, the prediction accuracy of the ANN model was substantially higher. Therefore, the ANN model more effectively predicts the quality of offline yarn and achieves real-time monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic partial hydrogenation of alkynols is a key approach for the synthesis of enols, which are crucial chemical intermediates for pharmaceuticals and essences. Low selectivity is the main challenge of the partial hydrogenation of alkynols due to the easy over-hydrogenation of alkynyl groups. Herein, ultrafine PdZn bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were anchored on a S-doped mesoporous carbon catalyst (PdZn/Meso_S-C) and used for the partial hydrogenation of alkynols. Zn metal with a high electron density was used to modify the active metal Pd to change the electronic and geometric configuration of the Pd active sites, which improve the selectivity of enols during the partial hydrogenation of alkynols. Furthermore, the use of a S-doped mesoporous carbon support dispersed and stabilized the ultrafine PdZn NPs due to strong interactions between the metal atoms and S sites. This also prevented PdZn ultrafine NPs from aggregating and increased the partial hydrogenation selectivity. The partial hydrogenation of propynol ethoxylate (PME) catalyzed by PdZn/Meso_S-C reached 96.0% enol selectivity, while the alkynol conversion reached 97.5%. The general applicability of PdZn/Meso_S-C for the partial hydrogenation of various alkynols has also been demonstrated. Thus, this work has great application prospects for the high-efficiency catalytic partial hydrogenation of alkynols. [Display omitted] • S-doped mesoporous carbon (Meso_S-C) was prepared and used as catalyst support. • PdZn ultrafine NPs were stably anchored on the Meso_S-C with high dispersion. • PdZn/Meso_S-C catalyst can partially hydrogenate of alkynols with high selectivity. • The general applicability and reusability of PdZn/Meso_S-C were also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Our aim is to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in children. Methods Children with newly diagnosed HLH were retrospectively analyzed. Results Finally, a total of 95 children with HLH were enrolled in this study, including 43 (45.3%) with EBV-HLH and 52 (54.7%) with non-EBV-HLH. Laboratory tests showed that the levels of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) decrease (P = 0.031) and triglycerides (TG) increase (P = 0.036) in the EBV-HLH group were statistically significant compared with those in the non-EBV-HLH group, respectively. We found that the remission rate during induction period in the EBV-HLH group and non-EBV-HLH group was 75.8% and 89.3%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the elevated degree of total bilirubin (TBIL) (P = 0.042), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.009), serum ferritin (SF) (P = 0.008) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (P = 0.004) were related with the remission rate during induction in the EBV-HLH group. Further univariate analysis showed that the elevated degree of TBIL (P = 0.048) and TG (P = 0.019) were significant risk factors for the remission rate during induction in the EBV-HLH group. In the multivariate analysis, we observed that there was statistical significance for the degree of TG elevation (P = 0.015) between the two groups. The correlation analysis showed that the elevated degree of TBIL (P = 0.030), the elevated degree of SF (P = 0.020) and the elevated degree of interleukin-6 (P = 0.010) were related to the induction mortality of children with EBV-HLH. Conclusion TBIL and TG are valid indicators to assess the efficacy and prognosis of EVBHLH among children in induction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure evolution of Si 3 N 4 /316 L joint brazed with AgCuTi/Ag composite filler is investigated, and the typical microstructure of Si 3 N 4 /316 L joint is Si 3 N 4 /TiN+Ti 5 Si 3 /Ag-rich/Cu-rich+Fe 2 Ti, NiTi+Ag-rich+Fe-rich/316 L. Further research on the corrosion resistance of the joint is warranted to build the relationship between microstructure and corrosion behavior. It is noteworthy that corrosion behavior is more likely to occur at the interface of seam/316 L by SEM analysis. The residual stress on the 316 L substrate is also concentrated on this region, playing an important catalytic role in corrosion behavior. The joint presents a shear strength of 100 MPa and excellent corrosion resistance when it is brazed at 900°C for 15 min. Moreover, the diffusion kinetic process of Fe element in the interface of filler/316 L is studied based on the Boltzmann-Matano model, and the activation energy is obtained for about 468 kJ/mol. Although the addition of the Ag layer into the seam decreases the non-corrodibility of the 316 L substrate, however, the non-corrodibility of the joint is improved by transforming galvanic corrosion to uniform corrosion with the prolonged immersion time. Fig. 14. Residual stress distribution in the filler/316 L interface of Sample-T. [Display omitted] • The AgCuTi/Ag as composite filler is designed to braze Si 3 N 4 to 316 L, relieving the residual stress of joints. • The diffusion kinetic process of Fe element in the interface of filler/316 L is studied based on the Boltzmann-Matano model. • The relationship between microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior in the joint was investigated. • The corrosion mechanism is changed from the pitting of Cu to the uniform corrosion of 316 L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancement leads researchers to develop multifunctional materials. Considering such trends, this study aimed to conjugate dual functionality in a single material to satisfy aesthetic and functional necessities. We investigated the potentiality of polysorbate 20 to perform as an effective ultraviolet absorber to develop UV-protective fabric. Coumarin derivative (Benzoxazolyl type) disperse dyes are well-known as fluorescent colors. On the other hand, luminescence materials are conspicuous and viable for fashion trends. Deliberate utilization of this inherent property of the dye and incorporation of polysorbate fulfilled the need for dual functionality. In addition, the knitted fabric structure enhanced wearing comfort as well. The effect of polysorbate consolidated the PET fabric as an excellent UV absorber, exhibiting an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 53.71 and a blocking percentage of more than 95% for both UVA and UVB. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated mode was used to investigate chemical modification. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigated the crystallography of the surface. Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis unveiled the color strength (K/S) of the dyed polyester fabrics. Finally, light fastness assessment revealed that the developed samples could resist a certain amount of photo fading under a controlled testing environment with the increment of ratings towards betterment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monatomic Zr tuned α-Fe 2 O 3 enable efficient transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes via a special direct route at room temperature. [Display omitted] • A special direct reduction route - Ph-NO2 → Ph-NHOH → Ph-NH2 - without Ph-NO intermediate. • Compared to inactive α-Fe 2 O 3 , doping monatomic Zr can completely reduce nitroarenes at RT. • Enhanced Lewis acidity leading to the room temperature decomposition of N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O. • Fe(3+α)+-O(2+β)--Zr(4-γ)+ can weaken N O bond to promote the adsorption of nitroarene. • Low-cost, eco-friendly, and facile scaling-up preparation of Zr 0.025 Fe 0.975 O y -350. Determining the route of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is an important step in studying the reaction mechanism as well as improving reaction activity. As for the widely reported transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to aniline, many reported works have made simple judgements about the reaction route based on the "direct route" and "condensation route" proposed by Haber in 1898. Herein, detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations helped us identify a special direct reduction route that goes through Ph-NO 2 → Ph - NHOH → Ph-NH 2 without the widely recognized Ph-NO intermediate for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines by monatomic Zr tuned α-Fe 2 O 3. In this catalytic system, Zr 0.025 Fe 0.975 O y -350 can achieve complete transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes at room temperature, where the parent α-Fe 2 O 3 is inactive. Accompanying spectroscopic characterizations and calculations illustrate that the incorporation of Zr into the crystal lattice of α-Fe 2 O 3 can effectively reduce the electron cloud density of surface iron species. The resulting special Fe(3+α)+-O(2+β)--Zr(4-γ)+ structure has greatly enhanced Lewis acidity, that promotes the decomposition of N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O to form active [H] for the reduction of nitroarenes. Moreover, the structure is also beneficial for the adsorption of nitroarene with weakening of the N O bond. The present work can be extended to the application of non-noble metal oxides in the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under mild condition, and provides a significant method for exploring the reaction process of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)‐based ionic‐liquid (IL)‐immobilizing rhodium single‐atom Rh catalyst (MTOA)5[SiW11O39Rh] (MOTA=methyltrioctylammonium cation) that can afford exceptionally high catalytic activity for the hydroformylation of alkenes to produce aldehydes at an ultralow loading of Rh (ca. 3 ppm). For styrene hydroformylation, both the conversion and the yield of the aldehyde can reach almost 99 %, and a TOF as high as 9000 h−1 was obtained without using any phosphine ligand in the reaction process. Further characterization by FTIR, ICP and ESI‐MS analysis revealed that the single Rh atom was incorporated in the lacunary POM anions. In particular, the bulky IL cation can play an additional role in stabilizing Rh species and thus prevent aggregation and leaching of Rh species. The IL catalyst was miscible with n‐hexane at temperatures; this contributed to exceptionally high activity for hydroformylation even at ultra‐low loading of IL catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: VEGF inhibitors can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, despite high initial response rates, almost all patients eventually develop treatment resistance to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab with or without IBI305 plus pemetrexed and cisplatin, compared with pemetrexed and cisplatin alone, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after receiving EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy.Methods: This randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial was conducted at 52 hospitals in China. Eligible participants were adults aged 18-75 years with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC and EGFRmut who progressed after receiving a EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 with at least one measurable lesion, and an estimated life expectancy of at least 3 months. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive sintilimab (200 mg) plus IBI305 (15 mg/kg) plus pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2), sintilimab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin, or pemetrexed and cisplatin (chemotherapy alone) using block randomisation with stratification according to sex and presence or absence of brain metastases. All study drugs were administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle, once every 3 weeks. Except for cisplatin, which was only given in the first four cycles, treatment was given for 24 months or until disease progression, intolerable toxic effects, withdrawal of consent, death, or other protocol-specified conditions, whichever occurred first. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. We herein report the first planned interim analysis, with progression-free survival results for the comparison between sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. The progression-free survival results for the sintilimab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin group are immature and not reported here. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03802240 (recruiting).Findings: Between July 11, 2019, and July 31, 2021, 936 patients were screened and 444 were randomly assigned (148 to the sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy group, 145 to the sintilimab plus chemotherapy group, and 151 to the chemotherapy alone group). Data cutoff for this interim analysis was July 31, 2021. After a median follow-up of 9·8 months (IQR 4·4-13·3), progression-free survival was significantly longer in the sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy group versus the chemotherapy alone group (median 6·9 months [95% CI 6·0-9.3] vs 4·3 months [4·1-5·4]; hazard ratio 0·46 [0·34-0·64]; p<0·0001). The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were decreased neutrophil count (30 [20%] in the sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy group vs 26 [18%] in the sintilimab plus chemotherapy group vs 27 [18%] in the chemotherapy alone group), decreased white blood cell count (17 [11%] vs 12 [8%] vs 13 [9%]), and anaemia (18 [12%] vs ten [7%] vs 15 [10%]). Potentially treatment-related deaths occurred in six patients (intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and myelosuppression in one patient each, and three deaths of unknown cause) in the sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy group, and in one patient in the chemotherapy alone group (unknown cause).Interpretation: In this interim analysis, sintilimab plus IBI305 plus cisplatin and pemetrexed was generally efficacious and well tolerated in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who progressed after receiving EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy.Funding: Innovent Biologics and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics integrated with absorption and reflection have recently shown attractive defense performance, effective sweat management is still scarce for simultaneously achieving sustainable personal comfort. Here, we demonstrate a hierarchically arrayed fabric for personal EMI shielding and thermal comfort management. By integrating EMI shielding interfaces and spatially distributed channels, the fabric exhibits high-efficiency EMI shielding ability and enhanced sweat transportation. We demonstrate the tuning electromagnetic response with maximum EMI shielding efficiency value of ∼118 dB and continuous one-way liquid sweat flow with a temperature of ∼3.5 °C lower than that of conventional EMI shielding fabrics. In addition, the fabric shows substantially stabilized EMI shielding performance for long-term use by transporting and repelling internal liquid sweat. The high performance of our fabric makes it a promising design paradigm for personal electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kt low level radioactivity liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory 650 m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino physics. High purity nitrogen is an important factor to ensure the low background of the JUNO detector. High Purity Nitrogen (HPN) is used for detector purging, pipe cleaning, and scintillator purification, among other things in JUNO. According to JUNO's requirements, the radon concentration in HPN should be less than 10 μ Bq/m3. To meet this requirement, A high-purity nitrogen plant with 100 Nm3/h maximum rate was designed and constructed. Low-temperature adsorption technology is used to remove radioactive impurities in nitrogen. High purification efficiency was ensured by using an activated carbon column with high column height-to-diameter ratio. Electrostatic collection and low-temperature enrichment methods are combined to measure radon in nitrogen. After ten days of continuous operation at 50 Nm3/h flux rate, the plant can to reduce the radon concentration in nitrogen from 37. 4 ± 1. 8 μ Bq/m3 to less than 1.33 μ Bq/m3. After HPN with flow rate of 50 Nm3/h passing through low-background pipeline (About 1.3 km), the radon concentration of HPN is 5. 6 ± 0. 6 μ Bq/m3. • The high purity nitrogen plant with maximum flow rate of 100 Nm3/h was constructed. • The radon concentration in HPN radon is lower than 1.33 uBq/m3 after 10 days of continuous running of HPN plant. HPN with design flow rate of 50 Nm3/h after passing through low-background pipeline (about 1.3km),the radon concentration of HPN is 5.5 ± 0.6 uBq/m3, which meets JUNO requirements in the underground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise size-controlled formation of palladium (Pd) nanoclusters with size-dependent catalytic activity was achieved through a cage confinement strategy. In this process, three typical porous organic cages (POCs) with gradually decreasing cavity diameters were used as encapsulation carriers. A series of Pd nanoclusters-based catalysts with corresponding Pd cluster sizes of 0.73, 0.68, and 0.43 nm, respectively, was effectively fabricated by confining the Pd nanoclusters in size-adjustable cavities. The obtained Pd@POCs nanocatalysts exhibited excellent crystallinity, high stability, fascinating morphological characteristics, and superior catalytic hydrogenation performance. Especially, the size-dependent catalytic performance toward hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and semi-hydrogenation of alkyne compounds was demonstrated by experimental results and theoretical calculations. The prepared Pd(1.71%)@FT-RCC3 catalyst with the smallest Pd cluster size of about 0.43 nm showed the best catalytic performance. This study promotes a better understanding of size-dependent catalysis and provides a new strategy for the fabrication of customized nanocatalysts. [Display omitted] • Porous organic cages (POCs) with different cavity sizes were prepared. • Pd nanoclusters are confined in the POCs cavity. • Pd nanoclusters size is precisely regulated by the size-adjustable POCs cavity. • The relationship between Pd clusters size and catalytic activity is investigated. • Pd@FT-RCC3 with the smallest Pd clusters size shows the best catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient evaporation and salt-resistant durability can be achieved simultaneously on a porous PEDOT:PSS hydrogel. The interfacial solar steam generation system remains stable after 30 days or 60 cycles of continuous desalination in saline water, with an average evaporation rate and steam evaporation efficiency yield of 2.76 kg·m−2·h−1 and 93.2 % under 1 sun illumination. [Display omitted] • A porous PEDOT:PSS hydrogel is prepared via a simple one-step fabrication method. • PEDOT:PSS hydrogel can achieve an average evaporation rate and steam evaporation efficiency of 2.76 kg·m−2·h−1 and 93.2 % on an interfacial solar stream generation system. • The system remains stable after 30 days or 60 cycles of continuous desalination of saline water. • Water molecules in PEDOT:PSS hydrogel consume less energy to evaporate due to effective polymer-water interaction. • The system can produce purified water from seawater or dye wastewater in practical solar desalination. A hydrogel prepared with conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used as the photothermal material. Water molecules in the PEDOT:PSS hydrogel consumes less energy to evaporate due to the activation of PSS part to water molecules by polymer-water interaction. With a fully wrapped insulation structure to concentrate heat on the SSG surface, the average evaporation rate and the steam evaporation efficiency yield 2.76 kg·m−2·h−1 and 93.2 % under 1 sun illumination intensity, respectively. More importantly, after 30 days of continuous desalination in saline water, the average evaporation rate remains at 2.66 kg·m−2·h−1 in association with neglectable morphology changes. The frameworks of PEDOT carrying positive charges can intercept chlorine anions, which alleviates the blockage of salt particles. The simple fabrication method, efficient energy utilization, and excellent durability make our SSG system promising for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) appears to be a high risk of spread. This research investigated the correlation between a different range of clinical features and intraocular metastasis (IOM) in RCC patients and attempted to determine potential risk factors of RCC patients with IOM. In the study, there are a total of 351 patients with RCC that were recruited between May 1994 and May 2016. The differences between RCC patients with IOM and RCC patients with non-IOM (NIOM) were evaluated by the chi-squared test and Student t test. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine risk factors. Finally, the value of diagnosis for RCC patients with IOM was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Eighteen individuals were identified with IOM. There were no significant differences that were detected in alkaline phosphatase (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), cancer antigen 153 (CA-153), cancer antigen 199 (CA-199), calcium, age, primary tumor site, and histopathological subtypes between the two groups. But there was a difference in terms of gender (P < 0.05). The IOM group exhibited significantly higher neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and lower hemoglobin (Hb) values compared to the NIOM group (P < 0.05 , respectively). Binary logistic regression identified NSE and Hb as significant risk factors of IOM for RCC patient (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 , respectively). The ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) values of NSE and Hb were 0.694 and 0.749, while cut-off values were 49.5 ng/mL and 102.5 g/L, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of NSE were 72.2% and 66.4%, respectively, while those of Hb were 72.2% and 74.2%, respectively. The result reveals that NSE and Hb represent promising significant risk factors of IOM for RCC patients. Notably, Hb is more reliable than NSE in distinguishing case of IOM from NIOM in patients with RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and chemotherapy has been clinically confirmed to be beneficial as the first-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the effect of nivolumab + docetaxel versus nivolumab monotherapy in patients with NSCLC after the failure of platinum doublet chemotherapy. Materials and methods: The efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab + docetaxel combination therapy versus nivolumab monotherapy were compared in this retrospective study. Primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: Between November 2017 and December 2019, 77 patients were included in this study, with 58 patients in the nivolumab group and 19 in the nivolumab + docetaxel group. The median follow-up was 18 months, and the PFS was 8 months for patients receiving nivolumab + docetaxel and 2 months for those receiving nivolumab alone (p = 0.001), respectively. Nivolumab + docetaxel showed superior OS compared with nivolumab, with the median OS unreached versus 7 months (p = 0.011). Among patients without EGFR/ALK variation, compared to nivolumab monotherapy, nivolumab + docetaxel showed better PFS (p = 0.04) and OS (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) between the two groups (p = 0.253). Conclusions: The combination of nivolumab and docetaxel demonstrated a meaningful improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival compared to nivolumab monotherapy, in patients with NSCLC after the failure of platinum doublet chemotherapy, irrespective of EGFR/ALK variation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A substantial proportion of patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cannot either tolerate or access concurrent chemoradiotherapy, so sequential chemoradiotherapy is commonly used. We assessed the efficacy and safety of sugemalimab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with stage III NSCLC whose disease had not progressed after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy.Methods: GEMSTONE-301 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, stage III NSCLC, done at 50 hospitals or academic research centres in China. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 who had not progressed after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy. We randomly assigned patients (2:1, using an interactive voice-web response system) to receive sugemalimab 1200 mg or matching placebo, intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 24 months. Stratification factors were ECOG performance status, previous chemoradiotherapy, and total radiotherapy dose. The investigators, trial coordination staff, patients, and study sponsor were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of assigned study treatment. The study has completed enrolment and the results of a preplanned analysis of the primary endpoint are reported here. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03728556.Findings: Between Aug 30, 2018 and Dec 30, 2020, we screened 564 patients of whom 381 were eligible. Study treatment was received by all patients randomly assigned to sugemalimab (n=255) and to placebo (n=126). At data cutoff (March 8, 2021), median follow-up was 14·3 months (IQR 6·4-19·4) for patients in the sugemalimab group and 13·7 months (7·1-18·4) for patients in the placebo group. Progression-free survival assessed by BICR was significantly longer with sugemalimab than with placebo (median 9·0 months [95% CI 8·1-14·1] vs 5·8 months [95% CI 4·2-6·6]; stratified hazard ratio 0·64 [95% CI 0·48-0·85], p=0·0026). Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 22 (9%) of 255 patients in the sugemalimab group versus seven (6%) of 126 patients in the placebo group, the most common being pneumonitis or immune-mediated pneumonitis (seven [3%] of 255 patients in the sugemalimab group vs one [<1%] of 126 in the placebo group). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 38 (15%) patients in the sugemalimab group and 12 (10%) in the placebo group. Treatment-related deaths were reported in four (2%) of 255 patients (pneumonia in two patients, pneumonia with immune-mediated pneumonitis in one patient, and acute hepatic failure in one patient) in the sugemalimab group and none in the placebo group.Interpretation: Sugemalimab after definitive concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy could be an effective consolidation therapy for patients with stage III NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after sequential or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm this conclusion.Funding: CStone Pharmaceuticals and the National Key Research and Development Program of China.Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effect of natural convection on cooling performance of PCM heat sink is explored. • Cooling performance of PCM heat sink can be improved by natural convection for about 59%. • Some synergistic enhancement technologies should be developed in future works. Phase change materials (PCMs) present great potential in extending the safe working time of electronic components that work intermittently or in an adiabatic cavity. Therefore, a clear understanding of the quantified contribution of natural convection and heat conduction in the cooling performance of PCM heat sink is essential to prolong the safe working time. In this paper, the quantified contribution of natural convection (η) was experimentally investigated by changing the heating position (bottom heat and top heating). Moreover, the effects of heat flux (q) and physical parameters were discussed on the average temperature during the overall fluctuation stage (T af), the η , safe working time, etc. The results proved that the dominant factor for the overall melting process of paraffin gradually changed from heat conduction to natural convection when the temperature fluctuation stage appeared. Specifically, the cooling performance of the PCM heat sink at q =1.24∼3.11 W·cm−2 could be improved by natural convection for 50%∼58.7%, which depended on the T af. Moreover, correlations consisted of the maximum allowable temperature, the liquidus temperature, and the heat flux were obtained to predict the η of paraffin in the range of q =1.24∼3.73 W·cm−2. It also presented an acceptable error (17%) in predicting the η of other organic PCMs. It should be noted that some synergistic enhancement technologies for heat conduction and natural convection should be developed in future works to prolong the safe working time of electronic components with high heat flux and low allowable temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The interlocked core-sheath triboelectric yarns are manufactured by large-scale braiding process. • The unique structure design enables enhanced electrical output performance and excellent thermal adaptability over wide temperature ranges. • It can work as self-powered fire-rescue system for motion monitoring, location acquisition, and escape warnings. Self-powered flexible electronic textiles designed for fire-rescue functions, especially in high-temperature environments, have attracted considerable attention. However, their practical applications are hindered by limited electrical output and poor thermal adaptability. In this study, we develop an interlocked core-sheath triboelectric yarn (ICSTY) employing a well-established braiding process, which comprises an inner layer of braided conductive yarn and an outer layer of loop-piled polyimide yarn. This unique structural design resulted in the ICSTY exhibiting an enhanced electrical output performance of 16.3 V per length of 15 cm and excellent thermal adaptability across a wide temperature range of 25–250 °C. The woven ICSTY fabric demonstrates outstanding thermal insulation and biomechanical energy harvesting compared with existing firefighting uniforms. Furthermore, it can be seamlessly integrated into a self-powered fire-rescue system for motion monitoring, location acquisition, and escape warnings for trapped firefighters. This exceptional ICSTY holds the potential to significantly impact the future development of intelligent firefighting uniforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report synthesis and multifunctional properties of in-situ-synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) applied to organic weaved cotton fabric. The TiO 2 NPs, synthesized through a green and sustainable process by using mulberry leaves as a green precursor, were characterized to ensure their stability and efficacy for textile applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the morphological changes on the fabric's surface after TiO 2 NP treatment, confirming the presence of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the anatase crystalline phase of the TiO 2 NPs, with an average crystallite size of 28.34 nm. Zeta potential measurements indicated the stability of the TiO 2 NPs, with a highly negative value of −18.2 mV, suggesting even coating by plant phytochemicals. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further validated the chemical interactions between TiO 2 NPs and the fabric. The TiO 2 NP-treated fabric displayed excellent color properties, UV protection (UPF 195.68 ± 11.44), and antibacterial activity, albeit less potent than commercial antibiotics. The colorfastness results demonstrated resistance to washing, rubbing, and light exposure, meeting industry standards. Hence, the eco-friendly synthesis of TiO 2 NPs using mulberry leaves as a green precursor demonstrates a sustainable approach to enhance the multifunctional properties of organic cotton fabric, presenting a promising avenue for the development of environmentally conscious textiles with improved coloration, UV protection, and antibacterial features, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable materials in diverse applications. • TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized using mulberry leaves extractions. • TiO 2 nanoparticles characterized for stability, efficacy in textiles application. • Functionalized fabric offers coloration, UV protection, & antibacterial properties. • Colorfastness meets industry standards against washing, rubbing, and light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ningetinib + gefitinib show activity in EGFRmt, MET-amp, AXL-overexpressed NSCLC. • FISH and IHC are complementary in defining actionable MET dysregulations. • AXL dysregulations defined by arbitrary level may dilute the efficacy of AXL blockade. MET and AXL dysregulations are implicated in acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. But consensus on the optimal definition for MET/AXL dysregulations in EGFR -mutant NSCLC is lacking. Here, we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of ningetinib (a MET/AXL inhibitor) plus gefitinib in EGFR -mutant NSCLC, and evaluated the clinical relevance of MET/AXL dysregulations by different definitions. Patients in this phase 1b dose-escalation/dose-expansion trial received ningetinib 30 mg/40 mg/60 mg plus gefitinib 250 mg once daily. Primary endpoints were tolerability (dose-escalation) and objective response rate (dose-expansion). MET/AXL status were analyzed using FISH and IHC. Between March 2017 and January 2021, 108 patients were enrolled. The proportion of MET focal amplification, MET polysomy, MET overexpression, AXL amplification and AXL overexpression is 18.1 %, 5.6 %, 55.8 %, 8.1 % and 45.3 %, respectively. 6.8 % patients have concurrent MET amplification and AXL overexpression. ORR is 30.8 % for tumors with MET amplification, 0 % for MET polysomy, 24.1 % for MET overexpression, 20 % for AXL amplification and 27.6 % for AXL overexpression. For patients with concurrent MET amplification and AXL overexpression, ningetinib plus gefitinib provides an ORR of 80 %, DCR of 100 % and median PFS of 4.7 months. Tumors with higher MET copy number and AXL expression tend to have higher likelihood of response. Biomarker analyses show that MET focal amplification and overexpression are complementary in predicting clinical benefit from MET inhibition, while AXL dysregulations defined by an arbitrary level may dilute the efficacy of AXL blockade. This study demonstrates that combined blockade of MET, AXL and EGFR is a feasible strategy for a subset of EGFR -mutant NSCLC. Chinadrugtrials.org.cn, CTR20160875. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a full‐textile triboelectric bending sensor using an elastic conductive filament and a textile fabric as a tribopair, separated by two short spacer filaments between them. Bending triggers a triboelectric conversion. Such a sensor device can report bending angles in real time, with high sensitivity (0.0611 V deg−1) and linearity (goodness of fit above 0.986). By integrating multiple devices at the exact location, the sensor assembly can detect bending in different directions. This sensor device can be directly prepared on clothes, just using the clothes as one of the tribocomponents, and the preparation is simple, simply sewing the conductive filament to the targeted location on the clothes. The presence of sensors has little effect on the air permeability and fabric softness. In addition, the device is washable and can be used for multiple cycles without losing sensing ability. As a demonstration, the sensor is directly made on gloves and elbow pads to detect the finger bending and elbow joint movements successfully. Moreover, a two‐channel bending sensor is attached to the human wrist to report wrist bending direction. Such a simple sensor design has great potential to develop low‐cost, flexible, wearable bending devices for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The neurodevelopmental model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that the neurodevelopmental changes in the ventral striatal circuit of the prefrontal lobe are associated with the initial symptoms of OCD. Facial morphology is one of the most consistent anatomical phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders, which can reflect brain structure and function. Facial deformity, an easily measured index of brain malformation, can reflect abnormal brain structure and function. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between clinical features and neurodevelopment of adolescents with OCD through facial morphology. Methods: The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and 9 facial angles were collected using image software. Results: In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.025); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.025). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.025); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.025). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with neutralizing symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Male OCD patients had a thinner lower lip and female OCD patients had smaller nasolabial angles. The facial features of adolescents with OCD were positively correlated with lower lip redness and neutralizing symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For cavity-nesting birds, the nest entrance plays an important role in preventing predators from accessing nests. Several species of nuthatches use mud to narrow the entrance of cavities. In theory, the smaller the entrance hole size, the more effective it is against predators; however, few studies have tested whether narrowing the entrance hole size can affect the estimation of threat levels from nest predators in cavity-nesting birds. Methods: Using dummy experiments, we tested whether Eurasian Nuthatches (Sitta europaea, narrow the entrance hole of cavities) and Cinereous Tits (Parus cinereus, do not narrow the entrance hole, as a control) perform different nest defence behaviours against Common Chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus, small nest predator) and Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris, larger nest predator). Results: Both nuthatches and tits exhibited stronger response behaviours (high dummy response scores) against chipmunks than against squirrels. Compared with tits, nuthatches exhibited more aggressive behaviours to chipmunks, but their responses to squirrels were similar. Conclusions: Nest defence behaviours of nuthatches to chipmunks differed from tits, and the results suggested that nuthatches might estimate threat levels of nest predators according to their narrowed entrance-hole size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial agglomeration of pollution-intensive industries (PIIs) leads to an increase in environmental risks. Land price and environmental compliance costs are important elements of the production costs of PIIs, which may affect the location selection of PIIs and further affect industrial distribution. However, there is a lack of research into the impacts of the incompletely competitive industrial land market on the distribution of PIIs. Moreover, the impacts of environmental regulations on PIIs are also controversial. This study characterizes spatiotemporal variations of PIIs at a city level in China from 2007 to 2016 with the newly-expanded industrial land use data and establishes a geographically weighted regression model to estimate the impacts of industrial land price and environmental regulations on the distribution of PIIs. The results are as follows: 1) PIIs tend to be relocated to the less developed area of western China. Due to the relatively lower land and labor costs in western China, land use by PIIs in this area as a proportion of the national total gradually increases, and new high-density areas of PIIs are formed in the northwest region of China. 2) PIIs are sensitive to land cost and tend to locate where the industrial land price is low, and with the marketization level of industrial land being higher, the negative impacts of industrial land price on PIIs become stronger. 3) The regression results for environmental regulations do not support the pollution haven hypothesis. Regional differences in the production costs caused by the improvements in environmental regulation intensity are not sufficiently large to form a pollution haven. This study uses newly-expanded industrial land use data to characterize the distribution of PIIs, which can directly reflect the location selection of PIIs. Moreover, the inter-city analysis can contribute to a deeper understanding of the relocation of PIIs in China at finer geographical scales. According to the results obtained, a reasonable industrial guidance mechanism need to be established to promote environmental equity, and land markets need to be further perfected to optimize the industrial layout. • Spatiotemporal variations of pollution-intensive industries is measured with newly-expanded industrial land. • Land use by pollution-intensive industries in Western China as a proportion of the national total has gradually increased. • Land price has a significant negative effect on the newly-expanded area for pollution-intensive industries. • Environmental regulations have weak impact on the newly-expanded area for pollution-intensive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oily sludge (OS) has attracted special interest because of its hazardous nature and high potential as an energy resource. This study investigated the oil recovery from OS by thermal cracking and catalytic pyrolysis. The oil yield increased when the temperature exceeded 450 °C and reached a maximum (76.84 wt%) at 750 °C. Catalysts significantly improved the quality of oil produced during catalytic pyrolysis. Aromatic hydrocarbons were dominant (10.01–52.69%) in pyrolysis oil (PO) from OS catalytic pyrolysis, and the catalysts significantly reduced the presence of oxygen heterocycles. In addition, KOH and CaO reduced the I D (D-band peak intensity)/I G (G-band peak intensity) of OS char (OC) and increased the degree of graphitization. Owing to its higher iodine adsorption value and methylene blue (MB) adsorption value, OC exhibits potential as an adsorbent. The environmental assessment and potential applications of OC, along with possible reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics, are also discussed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baicalin has been reported to have ameliorative effects on nerve-induced hypoxic ischemia injury; however, its role in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in baicalin alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, we investigated the AMPK signaling pathway which regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity. SD rats were treated with baicalin at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, after middle cerebral artery occlusion at 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h (MCAO/R). MCAO/R treatment significantly increased cerebral infarct volume, changed the ultrastructure of nerve cells, and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, manifesting as significantly increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Our results demonstrated that baicalin treatment effectively reversed these phenomena in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of NLRP3 expression was found to promote the neuroprotective effects of baicalin on cortical neurons. Furthermore, baicalin remarkably increased the expression of p-AMPK following oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also increased when the AMPK pathway was blocked by compound C. Taken together, our findings reveal that baicalin reduces the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently inhibits cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contradictory roles of the androgen receptor (AR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis have been reported. We have shown that VETC (v essels e ncapsulating t umor c lusters) mediates invasion-independent metastasis, whereas VETC- HCCs metastasize in an invasion-dependent manner. Herein, we aimed to reveal the roles of AR in HCC metastasis. Mouse xenograft models, clinical samples, and cell models were used. AR expression was significantly lower in HCCs with a VETC pattern, portal vein tumor thrombus, endothelium-coated microemboli or high recurrence rates. Overexpressing AR in VETC+ hepatoma cells suppressed VETC formation and intrahepatic metastasis but promoted pulmonary metastasis of mouse xenografts. AR decreased the transcription of Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2), a factor essential for VETC formation, by binding to the Angpt2 promoter. The roles of AR in inhibiting VETC formation and intrahepatic metastasis were attenuated by restoring Angpt2 expression , suggesting that AR may repress VETC-dependent intrahepatic metastasis by inhibiting Angpt2 expression and VETC formation. On the other hand, AR upregulated Rac1 expression, promoted lamellipodia formation and increased cell migration/invasion. A Rac1 inhibitor abrogated the AR-mediated promotion of migration/invasion and pulmonary metastasis of VETC+ hepatoma cells, but did not affect the AR-mediated inhibition of intrahepatic metastasis. Furthermore, an AR inhibitor decreased Rac1 expression and attenuated both intrahepatic and pulmonary metastasis of VETC- xenografts, an effect which was abrogated by restoring Rac1 expression. These data indicate that AR may facilitate the lung metastasis of VETC+ HCCs and both the liver/lung metastases of VETC- HCCs by upregulating Rac1 expression and then promoting migration/invasion. AR plays dual and opposing roles in VETC-dependent and invasion-dependent metastasis, which highlights the complex functions of AR and the importance of individualized cancer therapy. In this study, we uncovered the dual and opposing roles of the androgen receptor in VETC (v essels e ncapsulating t umor c lusters)-dependent and invasion-dependent metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We elucidated the underlying mechanisms of these processes, which provided novel insights into the complex regulatory network of the androgen receptor in HCC metastasis and may have important implications for precision medicine. [Display omitted] • AR plays dual and opposing roles in VETC-dependent and invasion-dependent metastasis. • AR disrupts VETC formation and represses VETC-dependent metastasis by inhibiting Angpt2 expression. • AR promotes migration/invasion-dependent metastasis by increasing Rac1 protein levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain easily leads to concomitant mood disorders, and the excitability of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pyramidal neurons (PNs) is involved in chronic pain-related anxiety. However, the mechanism by which PNs regulate pain-related anxiety is still unknown. The GABAergic system plays an important role in modulating neuronal activity. In this paper, we aimed to study how the GABAergic system participates in regulating the excitability of ACC PNs, consequently affecting chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety. A rat model of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain displayed anxiety-like behaviors, increased the excitability of ACC PNs, and reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission; however, the number of GAD65/67 was not altered. Interestingly, intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR agonist muscimol relieved anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on chronic inflammatory pain. Intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR antagonist picrotoxin induced anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on pain in normal rats. Notably, chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the ACC alleviated chronic inflammatory pain and pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and reduced the excitability of ACC PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the ACC led to pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and enhanced the excitability of ACC PNs but had no effect on pain in normal rats. We demonstrate that the GABAergic system mediates a reduction in inhibitory presynaptic transmission in the ACC, which leads to enhanced excitability of pyramidal neurons in the ACC and is associated with chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic registration for infrared, and visible images of power equipment has become a challenging work in intelligent diagnosis system of the power grid. Existing registration methods usually fail in accurately aligning power equipment infrared, and visible images because of resolutions, spectrums, and viewpoints differences. To solve this problem, we propose a novel main orientation of feature points named contour angle orientation (CAO), and describe an automatic infrared, and visible image registration method named CAO-Coarse to Fine (CAO-C2F). CAO is based on the contour feature of images, and invariant to images viewpoints, and scales differences. C2F is a feature matching method to obtain correct matches. Our proposed CAO-C2F method includes four steps. First, feature points in contours are extracted by the curvature scale space (CSS) corner detector based on local, and global curvature. Second, the CAO of each feature point is computed as the main orientation. Third, modified scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors on the main orientations are extracted, and matched by bilateral matching. Finally, accurate matches are obtained by applying the C2F method. Registration experiments on a self-established images dataset show our proposed CAO-C2F method accurately aligns images, and outperforms other state-of-arts in terms of precision, recall, and root-mean-square error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The brain of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) has drawn considerable attention due to its high similarities to that of humans. However, the cellular compositions of the pig brain (PB) remain elusive. Here we investigated the single-nucleus transcriptomic profiles of five regions of the PB (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and hypothalamus) and identified 21 cell subpopulations. The cross-species comparison of mouse and pig hypothalamus revealed the shared and specific gene expression patterns at the single-cell resolution. Furthermore, we identified cell types and molecular pathways closely associated with neurological disorders, bridging the gap between gene mutations and pathogenesis. We reported, to our knowledge, the first single-cell atlas of domestic pig cerebral cortex and hypothalamus combined with a comprehensive analysis across species, providing extensive resources for future research regarding neural science, evolutionary developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the value of DNA index(DI) among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols between 2000 and 2015.Methods: Retrospective study were analysis among pediatric ALL patients from the TARGET dataset.Result: Totally, 1668 eligible pediatric patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 993 are male and 675 are female with a median age of 7.6 years old. The median follow-up for those patients was 7.7 years (range 0.1-15.7 years). The probability of 15-year EFS and OS were reported to be 67.5 ± 3.1% and 78.3 ± 2.5%, respectively. BCR/ABL1 fusion gene affected the early treatment response and the survival of childhood ALL. Moreover, those patients with ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene were also significantly associated with better EFS (HR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, P = 0.003) and OS (HR = 0.3, 95%CI 0.2-0.5, P < 0.001) compared to patients with no ETV6/RUNX1. On the contrary, BM NR on Day+ 29 showed a significant decrease in EFS (HR = 3.1, 95%CI 2.1-4.5, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.8, P = 0.026). Multivariate analysis showed that DI was significantly associated with better EFS and OS. The threshold effect of DI on poor outcome was significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted regression coefficient (Log RR) was 0.7 (95%CI 0.1-3.2, P = 0.597) for DI < 1.1 while 8.8 (95%CI 1.4-56.0, P = 0.021) for DI ≥ 1.2 and 0.0 (95%CI 0.0-0.8, P = 0.041) for 1.1 ≤ DI < 1.2. Generalized additive models revealed that the lowest rates of the adverse outcomes estimated to occur among DI between 1.1 and 1.2.Conclusion: For those childhood ALL treated on COG protocols between 2000 and 2015, ETV6/RUNX1 and BM NR were closely related to the prognosis. Moreover, the DI between 1.1 and 1.2 can serve as a significant cut-point discriminating the risk group, which indicated a favourable prognostic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model that jointly addresses aspect term extraction and aspect category detection. • A multi-task learning algorithm that allows the two tasks to enhance each other. • Extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Aspect Terms Extraction (ATE) and Aspect Categories Detection (ACD) are two fundamental sub-tasks for aspect-based sentiment analysis. Most of the existing works mainly focus on the ATE task or the co-extraction of aspect terms and opinion words, while few attention are paid to the ACD task. In this work, we propose a joint model to seamlessly integrate the ATE and ACD tasks into a multi-task learning framework. Each of the tasks is based on multi-layer Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for computing high-level word representations, and produces a task-specific and a task-share vector. The task-share vector of one task is used to propagate information to the other, and guides the counterpart task to align the informative textual features to produce the task-specific vectors. Finally, a fully-connected layer with a softmax/sigmoid function is applied to the task-specific vectors for the specific information extraction. The rationale underlying the proposed joint model is that, aspect terms and aspect categories are semantically related, and the information propagated between the two tasks can help to capture the semantic alignments between the aspect terms and categories, and produce informative task-specific vectors. Moreover, the ATE task models local semantics at each position of a sentence, while the ACD task extracts global features of the whole sentence. The mutual interactions between local and global features, therefore, can reciprocally capture informative textual features for the information extraction tasks. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on two widely used datasets, and show its advantage over the state-of-the-art baselines. We also investigate the effectiveness of the multi-task framework by comparing the proposed model with its variants. Further, we study the robustness of the proposed model by presenting the model performance with respect to different hyperparameters. Finally, we provide visualization examples to gain a better understanding of the advantages the multi-task learning scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) siting is crucial for the sustainable development of mariculture. In this study, we employed the Marxan model to conduct marine ecological zoning. This involved determining marine environmental and ecological carrying capacity using measured data, followed by a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) based on geographic information system (GIS) site information on the suitability of the culture species under natural schemes. Subsequently, we integrated ecological zoning, natural schemes, and other sea usage data to create a comprehensive site selection scheme for mariculture in the Nantong Sea. The maximum mariculture area identified was 1404.14 km2, constituting 15.35% of the study area. The combined use of Marxan and GIS-MCE provides a viable technical solution for mariculture planning, supporting the advancement of sustainable mariculture. • Using Marxan for marine ecological zoning. • Developing a natural scheme based on environmental and ecological carrying capacity, along with farming conditions. • Formulating a comprehensive scheme by ecological zoning, natural schemes, marine development, and economic value-added. • Proposing an ecosystem approach planning process for fostering sustainable mariculture development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issues of poor smoke suppression, substrate compatibility, and strong hygroscopicity associated with ammonium polyphosphate, this study employed an in-situ precipitation method to construct a double-shell ammonium polyphosphate microcapsule, with ethyl cellulose and nano-silica serving as shell materials. The microcapsule exhibited improved flame retardancy and fire safety compared to ammonium polyphosphate alone, as evidenced by significant reductions in both maximum heat release rate and total heat release, as determined by thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA), microcalorimetry (MCC), and vertical burning tests (VBT). Furthermore, the real-time Fourier transform infrared (RT-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectrum analyses revealed that the modified kraft paper produced a cross-linked network structure formed by the silica-based substrate and cellulose during combustion, which facilitated the formation of a carbon layer and provided sustained flame retardancy. Physical and hygroscopicity tests demonstrated that the microcapsule exhibited superior compatibility with substrates. Overall, these findings demonstrate that microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate effectively addresses the challenges of compatibility and hygroscopicity, while enhancing its flame-retardant efficacy, thus significantly advancing its application in flame retardant materials. [Display omitted] • Compared with APP Kraft, MAPP Kraft has a higher ultimate oxygen index and lower THR and pHRR. • MAPP Kraft has lower moisture absorption than Control Kraft and APP Kraft. • MAPP produce a stabilized flame-retardant layer during combustion, preventing further decomposition of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a PK‐LR gene mutation. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an effective cure for PKD. However, the experience of applying HCT in PKD is limited. Methods: We present a child with novel PK‐LR gene mutations who was successfully cured by matched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (MUD‐PBSCT). Results: A 4‐year‐old, male patient suffered severe hemolytic anemia and jaundice 5 h after birth. Gene sequencing showed that the pyruvate kinase‐liver and RBC (PK‐LR) gene had a nonsense mutation in exon 5: c.602G>A (p.W201X), and large deletions in exons 3–9. Both of them were novel pathogenic mutations of the PK‐LR gene. After transplantation, the hemoglobin level became normal and the nonsense mutation was undetectable. Grade Ⅳ acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) and extensive chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) occurred in the patient. However, the GVHD was controlled effectively. The patient is alive and has good quality of life 22 months post‐transplant, but has mild oral lichen planus‐like lesion. Conclusion: Gene sequencing contributes to the diagnosis of PKD. HCT is an effective method for curing PKD, but we should explore how to reduce severe GVHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KN046, a novel recombinant humanised antibody targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after failure or intolerance to platinum-based chemotherapy. In this multi-centre, open-label phase II clinical trial, patients were enroled after failure or intolerance to platinum-based chemotherapy. KN046 at 3 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary end-point was objective response rate (ORR) evaluated by a blinded independent review committee (BIRC). A total of 30 and 34 patients were included in the 3 mg/kg (cohort A) and 5 mg/kg (cohort B) cohorts. On 31st August 2021, the median follow-up duration was 24.08 months (interquartile [IQR], 22.28, 24.84) and 19.35 months (IQR, 17.25, 20.90) in the 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. BIRC-assessed ORRs were 13.3% and 14.7% in the 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 3.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.22–7.29) and 3.68 (95%CI 1.81–7.39) months, while overall survival was 19.70 (95.5%CI 15.44-not estimated [NE]) and 13.04 (95.5%CI 9.86-NE) months, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were anaemia (28.1%), hyperglycaemia (26.7%), and infusion-related reactions (26.7%). The incidence rates of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs and TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were 42.2% and 14.1%, respectively. Both 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg KN046 showed promising efficacy and favourable safety profile for advanced NSCLC after failure or intolerance to previous platinum-based chemotherapy. NCT03838848 • KN046 had favourable safety profile in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). • KN046 showed promising efficacy in second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC. • This study showed the potential of co-targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally Drawn Super-Elastic Multifunctional Fiber Sensor for Human Movement Monitoring and Joule Heating (Adv. Keywords: electric heaters; liquid metals; multifunctional fibers; strain sensors; thermal drawing EN electric heaters liquid metals multifunctional fibers strain sensors thermal drawing 1 1 1 06/13/23 20230609 NES 230609 B Multifunctional Fiber Sensors b Demand for smart electronic textiles has led to interest in fiber-shaped sensing devices. In article number 2202079, Jian Fang, Yuqing Liu, and co-workers fabricate highly stretchable elastomeric fibers with copper particle-mixed liquid metal electrodes using a thermally drawn process. [Extracted from the article]

• Rezivertinib showed favorable efficacy for NSCLC patients with EGFR T790M+ and CNS metastases. • Among 150 patients of cFAS, the median CNS-DoR was 13.8 (95% CI: 9.6-not calculable [NC]) months. • The median CNS-PFS was 16.5 (95%CI: 13.7-NC) months in cFAS. • The safety profile was favorable. Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which revealed the systematic and central nervous system (CNS) antitumor activities for EGFR T790M-mutated advanced NSCLC in previous clinical studies and is further analyzed here. Eligible patients from the previous phase I and phase IIb studies of rezivertinib were included for pooled analysis. Post-progressive patients who received a prescribed dosage (≥180 mg) of rezivertinib orally once daily were included in full analysis set (FAS), while those with stable, asymptomatic CNS lesions, including measurable and non-measurable ones at baseline were included in CNS full analysis set (cFAS). Patients with measurable CNS lesions were included in CNS evaluable for response set (cEFR). BICR-assessed CNS objective response rate (CNS-ORR), CNS disease control rate (CNS-DCR), CNS duration of response (CNS-DoR), CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS), and CNS depth of response (CNS-DepOR) were evaluated. 355 patients were included in FAS, among whom 150 and 45 patients were included in cFAS and cEFR. This pooled analysis showed the CNS-ORR was 32.0% (48/150; 95% CI: 24.6–40.1%) and the CNS-DCR was 42.0% (63/150; 95% CI: 34.0–50.3%) in cFAS, while that in cEFR were 68.9% (31/45; 95% CI: 53.4–81.8%) and 100% (45/45; 95% CI: 92.1–100.0%). In cEFR, the median CNS-DepOR and the mean of CNS-DepOR were -52.0% (range: -100.0 to 16.1%) and -46.8% (95% CI: –55.5 to -38.1%). In cFAS, the median CNS-DoR and CNS-PFS were 13.8 (95% CI: 9.6-not calculable [NC]) and 16.5 (95% CI: 13.7-NC) months. Rezivertinib demonstrated encouraging clinical CNS efficacy among advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR T790M mutation and CNS metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The flexible nonwoven/sliver paste composite (NSPC) is fabricated using a screen printing strategy. • The NSPC has a high total shielding effectiveness value of ∼59.3 dB. • Such NSPC shows great potential in the development of high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding applications. In this work, an innovative screen printing strategy is applied to fabricate lightweight flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The polypropylene (PP)-based nonwoven fabric (PNF) shows a low total shielding effectiveness (SE T) value of ∼ 0.3 dB because PNF possesses low conductivity and porous fabric structure. However, the nonwoven/sliver paste composite (NSPC) coated with a thin layer of silver paste has a high SE T value of ∼59.3 dB. Moreover, the reflection makes significant contribution to EMI SE T when incident wave enters the materials, indicating the reflection dominated shielding mechanism rather than absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance Prussian blue analog (PBA) derivative catalysts can be developed by slow pyrolysis of PBA at low temperature, which makes the materials generate cyano vacancies. Through the pyrolysis treatment, a series of Cu/Co-Co PBA derivatives were prepared and used as catalysts for the epoxidation of styrene. Cu/Co-Co PBA-250, obtained by slow pyrolysis at 250 ℃, showed the highest catalytic performance for the epoxidation of styrene, with 99% of styrene conversion. The superior catalytic performance is responsible for its large specific surface area and abundant metal active sites which generated by cyano vacancies. Meanwhile, the face-centered cubic structure and the confinement effects of CN− on metal cations were still maintain during the pyrolysis process. The DFT and control experiment confirmed that tBuOO·radical was the active species responsible for epoxidation of styrene and the convert of Cu2+ to Cu+ may be an important reason for its excellent selectivity. [Display omitted] • The structure and metal confinement effect of PBA were maintained after slow pyrolysis. • Cu/Co-Co PBA-250 showed superior catalytic performance for epoxidation of styrene with 72% yield within 7 hours. • The key factor for selectivity and active species had been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are in the spotlight as one of the most promising energy storage systems, specifically suitable for electric vehicles and intelligent electronic devices. However, Li-S batteries still suffer from the shuttle effect of intermediate polysulfides, inducing the loss of active materials and slow redox reaction kinetics. Herein, a freestanding functional nanofibrous membrane with cobalt single atoms supported by porous carbon nanofiber skeletons is fabricated using a one-step carbonization process. The flexible nanofiber structure can provide the characteristics of good conductivity and lightweight, helping the polysulfides trapped in the porous structure of the fibrous skeleton. Moreover, the results of electrocatalytic characterization and theoretical calculation demonstrate the existence of the metal coordinate center Co-N x sites, and their functions of reducing polarization voltage and accelerating polysulfide conversion. Using this functional nanofiber membrane as an interlayer with the Co-N x coordination structure (Co@ N -PCNFs), the assembled Li-S batteries exhibit a high initial specific capacity (1522 mAh·g−1 at 0.1C) and outstanding rate performance (905 mAh·g−1 at 2C). Especially, the specific capacity of the Li-S batteries can achieve 786 mAh·g−1 at 0.5C with a sulfur loading of 4 mg·cm−2 after 100 cycles. This effective method of fabricating nanofibrous interlayers can effectively promote the development of advanced Li-S batteries and the application of electrospun materials in energy storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large-scale neutrino detector with 20 kton high transparency liquid scintillator (LS). To increase the attenuation length of LS, alumina absorption columns are used to purify the optical impurities in Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB), the raw material of LS. Prototypes of absorption columns were constructed to test absorption material and parameters that could affect the purification efficiency including column height-diameter ratio and flow rate. Meanwhile, the pilot plant of alumina purification system was built in the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory to test the design and operation process, provide parameter reference for the design of JUNO purification system. The alumina purification pilot plant can increase the attenuation length of LAB from 20 m to more than 24 m without introducing radioactive background at 1 0 − 15 g/g level. The pilot plant of alumina purification system can meet the JUNO requirements in LS optical purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) have been the hotpot material for supercapacitor due to their porous structure, outstanding conductivity, excellent electrochemical properties, and high specific surface area. The template method is a facile approach to prepare PCNFs through blending a thermally decomposable substance, subsequently heating treatment. High amylose starch (HAS) is a natural carbohydrate including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements. Herein, a simple template method utilizing HAS as the sacrificial polymer to prepare porous carbon nanofibers with high specific surface areas has been reported. The resulted carbon nanofibers have a hierarchical micro/meso porous structure with high level of microporous pores, more importantly, their specific surface area can reach 1204 m2 g−1. The electrochemical performances of PCNFs electrodes are studied using a three-electrode system and button-type devices. The specific capacitance of carbon nanofiber electrode is 344 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 when 20 wt% HAS is added. The cycling durability of corresponding device is 99.9% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. And the maximum energy density of 12 Wh kg−1 is obtained at a lower power density of 125 W kg−1. As a green natural material, HAS may provide a low-cost solution to prepare high-performance carbon nanofibers for energy storage applications. [Display omitted] • An in-situ activation method is used to prepare hierarchical micro/meso porous carbon nanofibers. • High amylose starch can be as a sacrificial polymer to prepare carbon nanofiber with a high specific surface area. • Supercapacitor electrodes prepared from the carbon nanofibers show large specific capacitance and excellent durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cooperative transition of sulfur-containing pollutants of COS/H 2 S/H 2 to the chemical feedstock of methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH) catalyzed by Mo-based catalysts has good application prospects. However, the role of rare earth elements as promoters in this reaction system has not been investigated currently. In this study, the effects of the rare earth of lanthanum (La) on the catalytic performance of Mo-based catalysts were investigated by XRD, Raman, TEM, H 2 -TPR, and XPS characterizations. The results showed that the addition of La species led to the formation of larger particle size and lower sulfidation degree of Mo species, but the higher, rather than lower, catalytic activity was obtained. This unusual phenomenon is confirmed to be due to the generation of La 2 (MoO 4) 3 crystals covered with surface MoS 2 layers caused by the interaction of Mo oxide and La species at the sulfidation atmosphere. The presence of La 2 (MoO 4) 3 changes the electronic and chemical environment of MoS 2 in the catalyst, which lead a positive effect on the catalytic activity, outweighing the negative effect caused by the larger particle size of Mo species and the reduced sulfidation. [Display omitted] • The collaborative removal of COS/H 2 S/H 2 into high added-valuable of CH 3 SH is promising. • The addition of La results in the formation of La 2 (MoO 4) 3 and the surface MoS 2 layer. • La affect the sulfidation, particle size, and electronic properties of Mo-based catalysts. • Beneficial electronic effect is the main reason for the enhanced catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children with MLL rearrangement (MLL-r).Methods: A total of 124 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL were classified into two groups based on the MLL-r status by using a retrospective case-control study method from June 2008 to June 2020.Results: The prevalence of MLL-r positive in the whole cohort was 4.9%. The complete remission (CR) rate on Day 33 in the MLL-r positive group was not statistically different from the negative group (96.8% vs 97.8%, P = 0.736). Multivariate analysis showed that T-cell, white blood cell counts (WBC) ≥ 50 × 109/L, MLL-AF4, and D15 minimal residual disease (MRD) positive were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of MLL-r positive children. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) was a favorable independent prognostic factor affecting event-free survival (EFS) in MLL-r positive patients (P = 0.027), and there was a trend toward an independent prognostic effect on overall survival (OS) (P = 0.065). The 10-year predicted EFS for patients with MLL-AF4, MLL-PTD, MLL-ENL, other MLL partner genes, and MLL-r negative cases were 46.67 ± 28.61%, 85.71 ± 22.37%, 75 ± 32.41%, 75 ± 32.41%, and 77.33 ± 10.81%, respectively (P = 0.048). The 10-year predicted OS were 46.67 ± 28.61%, 85.71 ± 22.37%, 75 ± 32.41%, 75 ± 32.41%, and 85.2 ± 9.77%, respectively (P = 0.049). The 124 patients with ALL were followed up and eventually 5 (4%) cases relapsed, with a median relapse time of 3.9 years.Conclusion: Patients with MLL-r positive ALL have moderate remission rates, but are prone to relapse with low overall survival. The outcome of MLL-r positive ALL was closely related to the partner genes, and clinical attention should be paid to screening for MLL partner genes and combining them with other prognostic factors for accurate risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from unrelated donors is one of the successful treatments for acute leukemia in childhood. The most frequent side effect of UCBT is peri-engraftment syndrome (PES), which is directly associated with the greater prevalence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD and cGvHD). In haploidentical stem cell transplantation, posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) has been demonstrated to be an effective method against GvHD. However, the effects of PTCY as a GvHD prophylactic in UCBT had not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PTCY on the outcomes of UCBT for pediatric acute leukemia.Methods: This retrospective study included 52 children with acute leukemia who underwent unrelated single-unit UCBT after myeloablative conditioning regimens. The results from the PTCY and non-PTCY groups were compared.Results: The incidence of transplantation-related mortality in non-PTCY and PTCY were 5% and 10% (p = 0.525), respectively. The incidence of relapse in non-PTCY and PTCY were 5% and 23% (p = 0.095), respectively. Second complete remission status (CR2) was an independent risk factor for relapse-free survival (hazard ratio = 9.782, p = 0.001). The odds ratio for sepsis or bacteremia incidence was significantly greater in the PTCY group (9.524, p = 0.017). PTCY group had increased rates of cytomegalovirus activity and fungal infection. The incidence of PES, aGvHD, cGvHD, and hemorrhagic cystitis in the PTCY group was lower than that in the non-PTCY group, although it was not significantly different. Additionally, higher doses of PTCY (29 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) were associated with lower incidences of aGvHD and severe GvHD (65% and 29%, respectively) than lower doses (93% and 57%, respectively). Engraftment time and graft failure incidence were similar across groups.Conclusion: The results support the safety and efficiency of PTCY as part of PES controlling and GvHD prophylaxis in single-unit UCBT for children with acute leukemia. A PTCY dosage of 29 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg appears to be more effective in GvHD prophylaxis for UCBT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prussian blue (PB) type material, a historical metal coordination material, is widely used in batteries, catalyst, and for energy storage. However, the scarcity of active sites and its immutable structure limit further applications. Herein, we propose a ligand substitution strategy to tune the electronic structure and hydrophilicity of the PB-type material, involving Fe(CN) 5 as a cyanide precursor, to catalyze epoxidation of olefins. The catalytic performance can be significantly promoted for styrene oxide in the presence of a CoFe PB analog that includes decylpyrazinium bromide (named CoFe-10). Kinetic studies on styrene epoxidation with CoFe-10 show a low activation energy of 27.2 kJ/mol. In addition, mechanistic investigation, coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, suggests that the CoOOC(CH 3) 3 adduct is the reactive species for epoxidation of styrene. This study provides an effective strategy to synthesize unprecedented PB-type material and extend its application. [Display omitted] • The symmetry and hydrophobicity of CoFe Prussian blue analogues were altered significantly by ligand substitution. • The reaction order of epoxidation of styrene were determined. • A competitive apparent activation energy (E a) for CoFe-10, 27.2 kJ/mol, was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]