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信息技术的发展推动了科学研究范式的转变。近年来，社科人文领域也逐渐发展出了数据驱动的研究方式。从可视化的角度，对国际数字人文大会论文进行分析，从任务、数据和应用视角3个层面总结了当前可视化在数字人文中的应用现状。通过分析从人文、可视化技术、艺术3种角度出发的数字人文项目，揭示了多学科交叉对提高数字人文与可视化结合项目质量的巨大潜力。同时，分享了北京大学在探究这种多学科交叉合作新范式的实践，包括交叉人才的教育、学科交叉融合的科普以及相关智能可视化技术的研究等方面。最后讨论了通过探索更好的人与人之间合作及人与计算机之间的协作来促进数字人文与可视化学科交叉发展的展望。

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Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the chemical constituents of n-butanol extract from Astragalus rigidulus, HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 gel, ODS gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents. The structures of all isolates were identified by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The results showed that twenty compounds including nineteen flavonoid derivatives and one sesquiterpene glycoside were isolated and purified from n-butanol extract of A. rigidulus. Their structures were identified as 7-O-methylorobol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), mildiside A(2), naringenin(3), purine 4'-O-β-D-glucoside(4), orobot(5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6'-acetyl)glucopyranoside(6), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone-2'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), amarantholidoside IV(8), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), kaempferol(10), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone(11), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),(S)-mucronulatol(13), calycosin(14), quercetin(15), pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucoside(16), 2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside(17), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside(18), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside(19), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(20). It is the first report for the compounds 1-9 found in the genus Astragalus. The other compounds are isolated from the title plant for the first time. The results of this study provide basic data for the pharmacodynamic material study of A. rigidulus, and provide a theoretical reference for the rational development and utilization of the plant resources in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science) is the property of Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Amides are one of the most important classes of compounds that widely exist in bioactive molecules such as peptides and alkaloids. They also have important applications in various fields such as chemical engineering, dyes and pharmaceutical development. Therefore, studying the synthesis and structural identification of amide compounds is of great significance. Due to the delocalization of lone pair electrons from the nitrogen atom of amide compounds to the carbonyl group (C＝O), the C―N bond in the amide RCO―N exhibits partial double bond properties, preventing free rotation and resulting in complex nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (¹H NMR). This article summarizes the characteristics of ¹H NMR spectra of amides and discusses some factors influencing amide isomerization. This article will cultivate students' ability to analyze the 1H NMR of amides and deepen their understanding and knowledge of amide compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society is the property of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study provides an in-depth understanding of the islands and sandbars within the Xisha Islands, located in the South China Sea, with the aim of distinguishing them based on different geological, ecological, and historical features. The changes in the marine ecosystem and the conservation measures taken to maintain the rich biodiversity of the archipelago are also explored. The main objective of this study was to differentiate islands and sandbars based on geological, ecological, and historical criteria and to examine the period of formation, geological features, and altitudinal characteristics of these terrains. The dynamic characteristics of sandbars were explored as the basis of island formation by focusing on their sensitivity to external environmental factors and assessing the presence of vegetation and human activities. The overall implications of these findings for marine life and conservation efforts on the Paracel Islands were analyzed. To achieve these objectives, geological investigations, historical documentation, and ecological assessments were combined. Key methods included geochronological analysis to date the formation of the islands and sandbars, assessment of elevation and geological composition to analyze the vegetation cover on these terrains, and a review of the historical documentary record to gain insights into human activities and investigate the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. The geological studies revealed that islands are usually formed over a long period of time (approximately 4,000 years or more) and above the water surface, with beach rocks formed around them and a large amount of coral detritus accumulating on the embankment, which in turn forms a sand dike encompassing the dyke and the coastline. This protects the embankment and coastline, making the island expand in size, increase in elevation slowly and become more stable, and the landscape less susceptible to deformation. In contrast, sandbars are relatively young (within the last 3,000 years) and low in elevation, are often inundated at high tides, and are more dynamic, including accretion and erosion, making them vulnerable to environmental changes. Vegetation grows on these islands and sandbars and planted vegetation is a prominent feature. Increased vegetation cover enhances the stability, height, and area of these terrains and plays a vital role in ecological conservation. This study also presents findings on the overall declining trend in marine organisms such as corals, sea turtles, and seabirds in the Xisha Islands, the causes of which are mainly related to anthropogenic (e. g., fishing) and natural (e. g., climatic causes such as typhoons and biological causes such as reduction in food availability) factors. In addition, the Government of Sansha Municipality (a special administrative region overseeing the Xisha Islands) in China has implemented the following measures: artificially cultivating marine plants, setting up marine life protection stations, establishing marine life nature reserves, and stepping up the fight against illegal hunting, which are examples of a series of effective measures that emphasize the need to strengthen comprehensive conservation measures in the face of increasingly severe environmental challenges. This study helps understand the geological and ecological characteristics of the Xisha Islands and provides an important reference for ongoing marine conservation efforts. This methodology for distinguishing between islands and sandbars based on different criteria lays the foundation for further research on biodiversity and environmental changes in the area. In addition, this study highlights the importance of maintaining fragile ecosystems in the face of mounting environmental challenges. Overall, this comprehensive study of the islands and sandbars of the Paracel Islands highlights the dynamic nature of these terrains, the influence of vegetation on their stability, and the need to strengthen integrated measures for marine conservation efforts in the South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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AIM: To observe how total flavonoids of Pterocarya hupehensis Skan （PHSTF） affects the migration and invasion of human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte line MH7A. METHODS: The MH7A cells were divided into control group（ without any treatment）, low-, medium- and high-dose（ 6. 25, 12. 5 and 25 mg/L, respectively） PHSTF groups, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（ PI3K） inhibitor 740Y-P（ 10 μmol/L） group, and 740Y-P（ 10 μmol/L）+high-dose （25 mg/L） PHSTF group. The viability of the MH7A cells was determined by CCK-8 assay, while the migration and invasion were assessed by scratch and Transwell assays. The protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）, MMP-9, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the cell viability in PHSTF treatment groups was reduced （P<0. 05）, the cell wound healing area was significantly decreased （P< 0. 01）, migratory and invasive cells in the lower chamber were significantly reduced （P<0. 01）, and the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and pAKT/AKT were decreased（ P<0. 01）. Compared with highdose PHSTF group, the addition of PI3K/AKT pathway agonist 740Y-P significantly increased the migration and invasion ability of MH7A cells （P<0. 01） and elevated the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and pAKT/AKT （P<0. 01） under the treatment with PHSTF. CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids of Pterocarya hupehensis Skan could inhibit the migration and invasion of MH7A cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In order to investigate the ability of the attitude controller of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) to possess strong target value tracking and resistance to external disturbances, a design for a quadcopter UAV attitude controller based on a reference model using deep deterministic policy gradients was proposed. The proposed method employed a neural network to directly map the state of the quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle to its output. The reinforcement learning algorithm utilized in the paper was a combination of deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and deep neural networks. In the structure of the DDPG algorithm, a reference model was further incorporated to mitigate system overshoot caused by excessive control inputs, stability and robustness of the system was enhanced. Moreover, modifications were made to the composition of rewards in reinforcement learning, The steady-state error of the system was successfully eliminated. The results show that this control method exhibits strong robustness in both target value tracking and resistance to external disturbances. It is concluded the controller performs better in terms of target value tracking and interference immunity compared to conventional controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birefringent compounds are widely used in engineering and researching fields like optical fiber. The electronic structures and birefringences of the post-transition metal halides PbX2 and BiX3(X=Cl, Br, I) were investigated by first-principles methods. The results show that the stereochemical activity of cations in PbX2 and BiX3(X=Cl, Br, I) decreases gradually from Cl to I. The stereochemical activity of the cation is determined by the energy level difference of the cation s orbital and the halogen p orbital. The greater the difference in energy levels, the weaker the degree of stereochemical activity of lone pair electrons. The cation p states nearby the Fermi level mainly determine the birefringence, which make the birefringence of PbX2 and BiX3(X=Cl, Br, I) gradually increase from CI to I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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新医科背景下的医学人才培养关系到“健康中国”战略目标的实现。虚拟仿真实验教学 作为培养医学生专业技能的重要手段，应从教学理念、课程体系、专业结构、考核评价等方面进行 改革，并形成功能结构完善的实验教学平台。研究从系统架构、实验教学体系、平台管理体系和实 验教学新模式四大方面明晰了医学虚拟仿真实验教学平台的建设路径，并从建立项目准入机制、 统一身份认证、资源有偿共享、校企合作机制四个方面为平台的可持续发展和共享应用提出了具 体措施，为新医科人才的培养注入力量。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to comprehensively analyze the tobacco planting soil properties in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake, 154 soil samples were collected and analyzed from different towns, plot types and altitudes, and cluster analysis was conducted for different towns. The results showed that the pH of tobacco planting soil in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake was suitable as a whole, the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen was moderate, the content of phosphorus and potassium was rich, the content of organic matter was medium and low, the content of trace element boron was suitable, and the content of chloride ion was low. The content of P and K in Qinglong Town was 50 and 400 mg/kg respectively, which was sig- nificantly different from that in other towns. The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH in Yousuo Town were higher. From the different field types, the differences of available phosphorus and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of tobacco planting soil in dam area and mountain area reached significant level, while the contents of available potassium,pH, organic matter, available boron and chloride ion were not significant. The con- tents of available phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, pH and chloride ion in tobacco planting soil in dam area were higher than those in mountain area. From different altitudes, the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium and hydrolyzed nitrogen were higher at 1400-1600m, which were significantly different from other altitudes, and had a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. There was no significant differ- ence in pH, organic matter and available boron among different altitudes. The organic matter increased with the elevation, while the available boron decreased with the elevation. The results showed that the soil properties in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake were more suitable for tobacco planting, but there were great differences in different towns and fields, and the coefficient of variation of individual indexes was large. There- fore, it is necessary to pay attention to the method of fine fertilization in tobacco production, so as to achieve "one piece, one scheme", in order to obtain high-quality tobacco leaves and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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