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Svrha - Klimatske promjene i druga ekološka pitanja zahtijevaju odgovarajuća rješenja svih aktera uključujući i potrošače. Svrha rada jest istražiti odrednice spremnosti potrošača u borbi s klimatskim promjenama kao i vjerojatnost kupovine električnih automobila kao jedne od aktivnosti koja potencijalno može pomoći u borbi s klimatskim promjenama. Metodološki pristup - Analiza se temelji na odgovorima iz anketnoga istraživanja Eurobarometra na uzorku od 25 009 ispitanika iz 28 europskih zemalja. Odrednice vjerojatnosti poduzimanja akcija u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena, kao i kupovine električnoga automobila, identificirane su pomoću Heckmanova modela odabira. Rezultati i implikacije - Rezultati pokazuju da pojedinci koji su svjesni ozbiljnosti klimatskih promjena i koji smatraju da su prijeko potrebne aktivnosti na svim razinama vlade, poslovnoga sektora i građana, skloniji su i sami uključiti se u aktivnosti usmjerene zaštiti okoliša. Što se tiče kupovine električnoga automobila, potrošači koji pripadaju srednjoj i višoj klasi kao i oni zadovoljni svojim životima vjerojatnije će kupiti električne automobile. Ipak, njihovi stavovi o klimatskim promjenama i odgovornim akterima nemaju utjecaja na stvarnu kupovinu. Ograničenja - Glavno ograničenje istraživanja povezano je s izborom varijabli koji je bio ograničen na one dostupne u istraživanju Eurobarometra. Doprinos - Rad doprinosi razumijevanju čimbenika koji određuju ekološki prihvatljivo ponašanje i kupovinu električnih automobila na velikom uzorku europskih potrošača. Za razliku od većine istraživanja u ovom području, analiza se temelji na podacima o stvarnoj kupovini, a ne na namjeri kupovine., Purpose – Climate change and other environmental issues require adequate solutions by all actors, including consumers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of consumers’ willingness to fight climate change and the probability of their purchase of an electric car, as an action that potentially helps mitigate climate change. Design/Methodology/Approach – The analysis relies on Eurobarometer survey responses of 25,009 individuals from 28 European countries. The determinants of probability of taking action to fight climate change and the determinants of probability of buying an electric car are identified using the Heckman selection model. Findings and implications – The results show that people who are aware of the gravity of climate change and believe that it requires action at all levels of government, business sectors and citizens are more likely to engage in pro-environmental actions. As for electric car purchase, consumers belonging to the middle class and higher classes as well as consumers satisfied with their lives are more likely to buy electric cars than others. However, their attitudes to climate change and actors responsible for it have no impact on their actual purchase. Limitations – The main limitation of this research study is associated with the choice of variables, which was limited to those available in the Eurobarometer survey. Originality – This paper contributes to a better understanding of factors behind environmentally friendly behavior and purchase of electric cars on a large sample of European consumers. Unlike most of the research in this field, the analysis is based on actual purchase data instead of purchase intention.

carcinoma-HNSCC) ukazuje se na ulogu onkogenih virusa i to humanih papiloma virusa (HPV) Epštajn-Bar virusa (EBV) i BK i JC poliomavirusa, kao i značaju HLA-G polimorfizama. Cilj istraživanja. Cilj studije je bio određivanje učestalosti infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima i HLA-G polimorfizama i njihova korelacija sa demografskim i bihevioralnim karakteristikama pacijenata i kliničkim statusom HNSCC. Materijal i metod. Ispitivano je 100 uzoraka tkiva HNSCC. Single PCR, Nested PCR i Real-time PCR su rađeni za dokazivanje HPV i EBV, a seminested PCR za poliomaviruse. Genotipizacija HPV je rađena metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru, a EBV genotipizacija Nested PCR metodom. Određivanje HLA-G tipova rađeno je metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru. Rezultati. Učestalost HPV je bila 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% i JCV 0%. Dokazano je 5 HPV genotipova sa značajnom učestalošću visoko onkogenih tipova (84%) i to tipa HPV 16 (57,1%). Utvrđena su oba EBV tipa sa dominacijom EBV-1 (93,75%). HPV i EBV su značajno češći kod muškaraca od 50 do 69 godina sa karcinomom larinksa patohistološkog gradusa 2. Pojedinačna infekcija je utvrđena kod 28% uzoraka, a HPV infekcija je značajno najčešća. Koinfekcije su potvrđene kod 11% uzoraka, HPV/EBV koinfekcija je najzastupljenija ali bez razlike u učestalosti vrste koinfekcija. Utvrđeno je 6 HLA-G tipova, gde je *01:01:01 najučestaliji (56,66%), ali bez razlike u zastupljenosti HLA-G tipova i prisustva pojedinačnih infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima. Zaključak. Pokazana je povezanost prisustva infekcije onkogenim virusima sa karcinomima glave i vrata, ali nije utvrđena korelacija HLA-G polimorfizama sa prisustvom infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima u HNSCC. Introduction. The oncogenic viruses, namely Human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and BK and JC polyomaviruses, as well as HLA-G polymorphisms may play significant role in the etiology of Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Aim. Determination of the frequency of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections and HLA-G polymorphisms and their correlation with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of patients and clinical status of HNSCC. Material and method. 100 HNSCC tissue samples were examined. Single, Nested and Real-time PCR were used to detect HPV and EBV, and seminested PCR for polyomaviruses. HPV and EBV genotyping were done by Sanger sequencing method, and Nested PCR, respectively. Determination of HLA-G types was done by Sanger sequencing method. Results. The prevalence of HPV was 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% and JCV 0%. Five HPV genotypes were identified with a significant frequency of high-risk types (84%), namely HPV type 16 (57.1%). Both EBV types were detected with a predominance of EBV-1 (93.75%). HPV and EBV are significantly more common in men aged 50 to 69 with laryngeal cancer of pathohistological grade 2. Single infection was found in 28% of samples with a significant prevalence of HPV infection. Co-infections were confirmed in 11% of samples. HPV/EBV co-infection is the most common but without a difference in the frequency of co-infection type. Six HLA-G types were identified, where *01:01:01 is the most common (56.66%), with no difference between HLA-G types and the presence of single infections and co-infections. Conclusion. The association of the presence of oncogenic virus infection with HNSCC has been shown, but without the correlation between HLA-G polymorphisms and presence of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections in HNSCC.