Search

Squatter settlement and informal urbanization trends in Addis Ababa were a great concern with highest population living in informal settlements. Squatter settlements were illegally built due to urbanization in an open space, farmland, steep slope, and along river buffer which do not have legal title deed particularly at expansion of cities. Formal land value in the city through time has been increasing. This study focused on the causes and consequences of squatter settlement and informal urbanization. In this study, household income, family size, occupation, and the characteristics of the squatter settlements regarding its physical, social, and economic dimensions were studied using physical observation, questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussion. Systematic sampling technique was employed for questionnaires to investigate the actual causes and consequences. Among 10 districts in Wereda 03, districts 4, 7, 8, and 9 were purposely selected since there were recorded large numbers (964 households) of new squatter and informal settlements by Wereda 03 administration in one year (2018). Out of 964 newly settled squatter households, 49%, 31%, 11%, and 5% were site-related pulling factors, sloppy topography, migration, and urban policy, respectively. Major causes were migration of persons from rural to urban areas, too expensive formal land price, availability of sloppy land, condominium housing shortage, and could not afford 10/90 government-led condominium housing payment. In addition to this, land speculation and establishment of religious institutions have attracted informal settlement. Consequently, unplanned housing construction and squatter settlement in Addis Ababa has required high cost of infrastructure and unintegrated land use plan, and also it has been difficult to provide infrastructure in this settlement. The affordable housing policy was based on pro-poor development assisting the low-income group in minimum of 10/90 housing scheme, but the policy still did not answer the demand of low income rather than the high-income groups because the poor under poverty line are marginalized due to lack of income source to down payment. Hence, investing more on affordable housing targeting the urban poor to minimize informal settlement as home is the human right to live.

Education is a process of updating the knowledge and skills of the individual that will be useful to himself or herself and to the community. Teaching and learning are products of education that gradually metamorphosed from the initial rote learning through a system that employed the use of writing to the use of highly sophisticated digital technology in facilitating the development of human skills and knowledge-bank. The present educational system in Nigeria with its emphasis on technical vocational education and training (TVET), if firmly rooted in its curriculum implementation, can be perceived as the most potent instrument that can be used to bring about desirable change or development of a viable educational system in this ever-growing world.

This study aims to explore and explain the history of neuromarketing, techniques, examples, pros and cons of neuromarketing, major limitations, as well as its major findings and draw conclusions for its future development. This is a theoretical chapter. An extensive literature research was done for its goals. Additionally, to provide more clarity on the influence of neuromarketing, researchers employing neuromarketing technologies combined existing information from multiple literatures. In this study, the authors realized that the consumer's psychology has been and is still being affected by the digital world where neuromarketers manipulate consumer's choosing capacities towards a product through digital network advertising. However, it has been discovered that researchers are still working on it, to figure out a significant scientific solution to the existing problems, such as privacy and price of equipment(tools) to be used. This chapter might be useful for neuroeconomics theorists and practitioners who wish to learn more about neuromarketing technology.

One of the first questions that arises when one begins to study fundamentals of industrial safety management is “Who should be responsible when a worker is injured?” Many would answer, “The employer, because the employer gave rise to the job and will profit from the production.” Adversely, what if employees deliberately commit acts that result in their injury as a result of violation of the industry's rules and regulations? Industrial work environments are often characterized by dynamic resources including interactions between mobile equipment and pedestrian workers. The importance of providing safe workplace has been reiterated by various studies because of the intrinsic hazard and risk factors that undoubtedly underlie every work situation and their negative impact on a company's overall performance. Safety and quality remain critical priorities in the context of improving industrial productivity and efficiency in today's industrial work environment.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The Cox model and accelerated failure time models are widely used in the modeling of survival data for various diseases. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model and accelerated failure time (AFT) models in determining the factors that influence gastric cancer death. The data for this study was obtained from gastric cancer patients admitted to the Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, between January 1, 2015, and February 29, 2020. A total of 409 gastric cancer patients were studied retrospectively. Cox proportional hazard and accelerated-failure-time (AFT) models were compared to identify an appropriate survival model that determines factors that affect the time to death of gastric cancer patients. To compare the performance of all models, the AIC, BIC, and Likelihood criteria were used. The analysis was carried out using the R statistical software.

The study focused on analysing the quality of lighting in the workplaces of Mantransve, which is preparing to implement a project to test domestic energy efficiency. A descriptive study was used to collect information, and a subtractive method was used to develop the subject and variables. In addition, the first analysis of the company is done with a SWOT matrix in the specific areas of the company. Subsequently, 54 employees between technical and managerial positions were interviewed. Technical data of lamps in lumens taken before and after give the possibility of improvement of lighting energy efficiency after comparison with DIALUX. In the results, the hypothesis comparison shows that there is a significant improvement and energy savings in the medium term in the lighting of the rooms analysed according to the UNE 12464.1 standard for indoor lighting. Finally, it is recommended to completely change the lighting to commercial lighting levels.

The transition from a physical economy to a digital economy is happening across the globe, and since the worldwide pandemic, this process has accelerated substantially. People are spending more time online than offline, which means that work and daily life are becoming more and more dependent on the internet. Today's internet is frequently the primary means through which millions of people access information and services, engage in social interaction and commerce, and find entertainment. COVID-19 has also altered corporate practices, accelerated the growth of e-commerce, and altered workplace culture. As more people work remotely, businesses are beginning to prioritize virtual environments. The pandemic has so demonstrated that technology is essential to maintaining many jobs in operation. Since COVID-19 is becoming more and more widespread, the demand for virtual reality is rising, and the Metaverse sector is expanding. Blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and the virtual environment known as the Metaverse are all merged here.

Despite the effectiveness of public health interventions to prevent coronavirus disease and its infection (COVID-19), it had a substantial impression on global sleep health. Knowing the frequency and associated causes of sleep disorders among university students is critical since they can have a major influence on one's health and academic success. The main inflection of this research was to determine how widespread sleep problems were among university students and to determine what factors led to them during full swing of COVID-19 pandemic. The internet deployed transverse analysis, which included 443 students from Indian and Ethiopian institutions between April 1st and April 13th 2021. The survey was distributed to respondents via social media media like WhatsApp, e-mail, Telegram, and other social media platforms once a link with a Google form was created. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to examine the students' sleep issues. The frequency and determinants of sleep disturbances were estimated using descriptive and inferential studies.

A deep neural network is used to develop a covert communication and textual data extraction strategy based on steganography and picture compression in such work. The original input textual image and cover image are both pre-processed before the covert text-based pictures are separated and implanted into the least significant bit of the cover object picture element using spatial steganography. Following that, stego-images are compressed and transformed(by using Leh Transformation) to provide a higher-quality image while also saving storage space at the sender's end. After then, the stego-image will be transmitted to the receiver over a communication link. At the receiver's end, steganography and compression are then reversed. This work contains a plethora of issues, making it an intriguing subject to pursue. The most crucial component of this task is choosing the right steganography and picture compression technology. The proposed technology, which combines picture steganography with compression and transformation, delivers higher peak signal-to-noise efficiency.

There are several research works that are focused on IoT services. IoT services are frequently applicable in smart cities. But there is need to optimize datasets to improve the performance of prediction mechanism during decision making. There have been several studies in area of IoT that have considered role of optimizer for IoT services that are applicable in smart cities. Research work considers PSO technique to get the optimized data set before training operation. The dataset is filtered considering optimization approach. Simulation work is supposed to provide solution in less time with better accuracy.

There is a boom in autonomous systems with rapid technological development that cannot adapt without human interaction to actual life conditions. Such programs will free people from the added activities which are mundane, repeatable, and invalid. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can use in boring, dusty, and hazardous environments, where human health and welfare are at significant risk. Autonomous systems deliver efficiencies in the supply chain, tracking, and hazardous climate control. This paper proposes the concept to improve the UAV's effectiveness, the compression and track architecture is combined. In addition, the UAV and pipe can increase the friction of the trackwheel. The process of cleaning starts when the sensors feel the mouth. The washing mechanism will not occur if the sensors do not detect the dirt. The focus of this chapter is on the drainage cleaning system automation. Device automation is required to address the mobility and space challenge. This chapter proposes the effective use of this method to manage waste disposal and routine wastage filtration.

These days, many CS experts focus their efforts on IoT. IoT is an emerging & cutting-edge technology that enables many items, including vehicles and home appliances, to connect and cooperate via mechanisms like machine to machine communication, big data, and AI. It has found use in a wide range of settings, from smart homes and cities, to healthcare and agriculture, to factory automation. Smart cities are becoming smarter, cars are getting more features, and health and fitness devices are getting more sophisticated thanks to the internet of things. Many problems that are directly relevant to the IoT's development have yet to be resolved. The exponential development of IoT has given birth to new problems, including concerns about personal data and security. There is need of a comprehensive approach that tackles the scalability, security, efficiency, and privacy concerns raised by the widespread deployment of IoT.

The first wireless communication signal was transmitted across the Atlantic by Marconi in the early 1900s. The world has been revolutionized by mobile communication since the 1980s. The internet has transformed all aspects of people's lives. As a result, communication and sharing of information have greatly improved. As 5G opens up endless possibilities, technology companies begin to wonder what 6G will bring. A 6G network will provide more than just communication in a new generation of mobile devices communications. An era of true intelligence in everything will begin when the physical, biological, and cyber worlds are connected by neurons. It will continue to evolve as connected people and things develop connected intelligence. Ultimately, it will bring intelligence to every individual, home, and business. A holistic view of 6G is presented in this article, the study highlights the most promising lines of research in the recent literature that support this vision. A key contribution of the paper is the exploration of 6G communications' critical issues and key features, including: The vision and key features of the organization; the challenges and possible solutions; and the research activities. For a specific, concrete, and concise conclusion to be reached, these controversial topics were critically examined in relation to their various sub-domains of motivation. This article will help researchers learn more about a topic so they can continue investigating it. &nbsp